Category: Art blog

Browse drawing lessons, painting techniques, art show reviews, art history lessons, and studio notes in the art blog by Veronica Winters

How art agents help artists promote their art and career

The contemporary art world is a dynamic space where innovation, creativity, and competition meet. With the rise of digital platforms, accessibility, competition, and global art fairs, today’s artists face an increasingly complex landscape. Navigating this world can be challenging if the artist is not social or outgoing or lacks important connections in the art world. Art agents have emerged as allies for these artists, providing services that let painters succeed faster in the highly competitive art market.

javier bellomo coria_face_art miami 2017
Javier Bellomo, Coria face, Art Miami 2017

What is an art agent’s role in contemporary art?

An art agent is a professional who represents artists in the art world, handling key aspects of their career, such as promotion, sales, negotiations, and career strategy. While art agents share some similarities with managers, they typically focus more on the artist’s presence and success in the contemporary art market. Unlike galleries, which may also represent artists but focus on sales and exhibitions within their spaces, art agents work across multiple platforms and manage various stakeholders, from collectors and curators to exhibition spaces and online marketplaces.

Art agent benefits for painters include bridging the gap between the artist and the external art world. They are adept at understanding the unique needs of individual artists and aligning these with opportunities in the broader art scene. Depending on the specific goals of the artist, the art agent can help artists with negotiation skills for better deals, networking opportunities for artists, exhibition opportunities for painters, career advice, and so on. With their guidance, artists can focus on their studio work while art agents build the business side of things, being deeply embedded in the art community.

Art agent services for contemporary artists

One of the most significant ways art agents empower contemporary painters is through marketing, networking, and promotion. In an era where visibility is crucial to success, a good art agent creates exposure for the artist in upscale venues and private circles. They often direct marketing strategies and campaigns for artists, ensuring that the right people see the artist’s work— top critics, curators, and collectors. Through art agents, painters can access media outlets, get featured in art publications, and even be invited to prestigious art fairs or gallery openings.

Art agents also create and manage the artist’s social media presence, crafting the story around the artist’s brand. By positioning the artist in the right circles and enhancing their public image, agents ensure that painters are seen and recognized as significant contributors to contemporary art. Art agent networking opportunities for artists are crucial for the connection to the right audience because that’s how new artist’s work is noticed and valued.

Peter Anton, Art Miami 2017

Art agent’s role in negotiation and representation

Art agents are experts at negotiation, particularly in dealings with galleries, collectors, and other stakeholders in the art world. Their ability to handle sales and commissions on behalf of artists allows painters to focus on their creativity. Art agent financial management for artists includes price negotiations and fair compensation for their work. They also help determine commission splits or arrange exhibition contracts.

Art agent collector connections for artists are skilled negotiations with large-scale gallery exhibitions or top art collectors. Art agents for painters manage these relationships, protecting the artist’s interests and ensuring that they’re not undervalued. In addition to securing sales, art agents provide financial management for artists that include brokering deals for long-term representation, licensing opportunities, or museum acquisitions, thus ensuring the artist’s career remains financially viable.

Art agent’s role in career management

Art agents make a substantial impact in effective career management and artist’s long-term success. Art agents work closely with contemporary painters to develop a strategic vision for their career, advising on the type of work to create, where to exhibit, and what artistic directions to pursue. Art agents maintain the artist’s reputation across multiple platforms, helping them avoid common pitfalls that can derail an art career.

Art agent career advice for painters includes long-term planning, helping artists build a lasting legacy. Whether through curating exhibitions that span several years or ensuring that the artist’s work remains relevant in shifting art trends, agents are often integral in guiding the artist toward sustainable growth. Their skills in navigating the art market help artists make decisions for critical and financial success.

Art agent benefits for painters in building and expanding networks

Networking is a key factor in an artist’s career, and well-connected art agents can excel at facilitating valuable connections. Through their established relationships with curators, art critics, collectors, and galleries, agents can open doors to opportunities that may otherwise be out of reach for contemporary painters. Art agents are the art world’s gatekeepers, connecting artists to influential figures who can help propel their careers.

Additionally, agents leverage their connections to ensure their clients are introduced to new opportunities for collaboration or exhibition. Whether it’s an invitation to a prestigious international art fair, a private showing at a gallery, or a chance to collaborate with other artists or brands, art agents provide their clients with a network of powerful contacts. By expanding these networks, art agents not only help artists gain recognition but also ensure the right eyes see their work.

Art agent financial and legal advice for artists

Artists often fall behind on pricing and negotiations. There’s not much interest or knowledge about financial management for artists. Art agents provide crucial support in pricing artwork appropriately, ensuring that the artist’s work is valued correctly based on market demand, the artist’s reputation, and the uniqueness of their creations.

In addition to pricing, art agent gives legal advice to artists, including contracts, intellectual property rights, and copyright issues. They ensure that the artist’s interests are protected, helping them navigate the complexities of licensing and sales agreements. Art agents often negotiate exhibition terms, give proper attribution of the artist’s work, and provide legal protection for artists.

abbotsford house castle library

Art agent’s fee for artists

More established and successful agents may charge higher fees than emerging art agents. As an artist, you must be aware of the provided networking and marketing opportunities, time frames and results that would determine your willingness to pay for this service or not. The scope of services the art agent offers can also influence the fee structure.

Common Fee Structures:

Hybrid model: This combines elements of both commission-based and retainer fee models. The agent may charge a retainer fee for ongoing services and a commission on any sales made.

Commission-based: This is the most common fee structure, where the agent receives a percentage of the sale price of the artwork. The percentage can range from 10% to 50%, with an average of around 25%.

Retainer fee: This is a fixed monthly or annual fee that the artist pays to the agent for their services, regardless of whether any sales are made.

Artists must be aware of many other additional costs that could include shipping, handling, and insurance costs that require negotiations with art agents before purchasing their services.

Art agent future trends in the art market

As the art world continues to evolve, so too does the role of the art agent. The rise of digital platforms and social media has significantly shifted the way art is marketed and sold, and art agents are adapting to this new environment by incorporating online platforms into their strategies. Social media, virtual exhibitions, and online galleries offer new opportunities for contemporary painters to showcase their work, and art agents are at the forefront of these developments.

Additionally, the global nature of the art market means that art agents are increasingly acting as global representatives, helping artists expand their reach beyond their local markets to international audiences. This evolution opens up exciting possibilities for the future, where art agents could have even more influence in shaping the global art scene.

Famous art agents and their artists in art history:

In the past, art agents combined their interests and served as art collectors, art gallerists, and even socialites in elite art circles. These are a few famous art agents in art history.

Chicago art institute, Georgia O’Keeffe, the white skull

Paul Durand-Ruel: Represented major Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artists, including Monet, Manet, Degas, Renoir, and Cézanne.

Ambroise Vollard: Represented Picasso, Matisse, Cézanne, and other major artists of the early 20th century.

Alfred Stieglitz: Promoted American modernism and represented artists like his wife-Georgia O’Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and Arthur Dove.

Peggy Guggenheim: Supported and collected Surrealist and Abstract Expressionist art, representing artists like Jackson Pollock and Marcel Duchamp.

Leo Castelli: Represented major Pop Art and Minimalist artists, including Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and Robert Rauschenberg.

Mary Boone: Represented major contemporary artists like Cindy Sherman, Eric Fischl, and Ross Bleckner.

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In conclusion

By handling marketing, negotiation, career management, networking, and financial support, art agents provide artists with the tools they need to succeed in a highly competitive and complex art world. As the art market evolves, so too does the importance of art agents for painters, who remain essential to navigating this evolving art landscape and achieving long-term success. Through their expertise and connections, art agents empower artists to focus on what they do best—creating impactful, inspiring works of art.

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What Lies Beneath DEMETER’s Ancient Cult of Eleusinian Mysteries? Psychedelics, Death & God

Delve into the enigmatic world of the Eleusinian Mysteries! This video explores the ancient Greek rituals, their connection to the cult of Demeter and Persephone, and the potential role of psychedelic substances like the “kykeon” in inducing altered states of consciousness. We’ll examine the archaeological evidence, historical accounts, and philosophical interpretations of these sacred rites, uncovering the mysteries surrounding death, rebirth, and the pursuit of esoteric knowledge in ancient Greece.

The Eleusinian Mysteries: A Journey into Altered States of Consciousness in Classical Greece

cult of Demeter and Persephone in Eleusis

If you come to Eleusis you’ll never die. 

What secrets did the ancient cult of Demeter hold that still captivates us today? Join me as I dive deep into the secrets of Demeter’s ancient cult and try to uncover the Eleusinian Mysteries!

The sanctuary of Eleusis is a town about 14 miles northwest of Athens today. This place was of vast importance to the spiritual life of ancient Greeks. Pagan culture was the origin of the pre-Christian faith in ancient Greece, as thousands of people attended the Eleusian Mysteries in the fall equinox. In their secret rituals, ancient people worshiped Demeter, the goddess of nature and agriculture, with her daughter, Persephone from 1500 BC until 392 AD. During the peak of the ceremonies, thousands of initiates would consume the kykeon drink, believed to be a mixture of wine, barley, and possibly hallucinogenic substances such as ergot ( LSD), leading to a sense of collective experience and unity among the followers of goddess Demeter. The communion with spirits was a secretive ceremony and transformative experience in relationship to death and rebirth. Aristotle said that people came to Eleusis not to learn something but to experience something. Today, the sanctuary is a small place of broken stones and columns with an adjacent museum showing some pottery, computer installations, and antiquities found during the excavations.

temple of Eleusis cult of Demeter-veronica winters art blog
The temple of Eleusis & cult of Demeter, broken parts of the outer colonnade portico depicting the cult symbols of Demeter – rosette, corn, ritual vessel “kern”, and a dedicated inscription. Photo: Veronica Winters

The Eleusinian Mysteries: Historical Mysteries and the Search for Lost Knowledge

The pagan ritual of the sanctuary appeared in the Mycenaean Era (16th-13th BC) to end around the 4th century AD.

Triptolemos and Persephone, tondo of a red-figure Attic cup, ca. 470 BC–460 BC.
Notice, that Triptolemos is riding a chariot with winged snakes. More on that below.

The Eleusinian Mysteries and the Cult of Demeter: A Study of Death, Rebirth, and the Afterlife in the Greek Myth of Demeter & Persephone

Eleusinian Mysteries
Lower part of a marble relief with two goddesses Demeter and Persephone, Roman, 1st–2nd century CE, Adaptation of the Great Eleusinian Relief of ca. 450–425 B.C. Pentelic marble relief found in Eleusis.
The altarlike incense burner between them must be an addition of the Roman copyist.
http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/251527

Dressed in rich, tyrian purple clothes, Demeter, the goddess of the harvest, had a beautiful daughter named Persephone. One day, while picking flowers that made her unconscious, Persephone was abducted by Hades, the god of the underworld. Demeter, heartbroken and distraught, searched for her daughter in vain. As a punishment to Zeus who gave her daughter away to his brother, she neglected the earth, causing crops to wither and die. Zeus, the king of the gods, intervened and negotiated a compromise with Hades. Persephone ate the seeds of pomegranate and would spend six months of the year in the underworld with Hades and the other six months on Earth with her mother. This myth explains the cycle of seasons: when Persephone is with Demeter, the earth flourishes, representing spring and summer. When she is in the underworld, the earth becomes barren, symbolizing autumn and winter.

Marble relief of Triptolemos, Demeter and Persephone. Archaeological Museum of Eleusis, Greece. | Photo: Veronica Winters

The winged serpent or snake

The term “Ophis Pterotos” (Ὄφις Πτερωτός) literally translates to “Winged Serpent” in ancient Greek. In ancient Greek myths we can see some chariots run by the snakes (Medea in a chariot, Cleveland Museum of Art) or Triptolemos riding a winged snake chariot here.


Some scholars suggest that the Winged Serpent was more of a philosophical and mystical concept rather than a specific mythological beast. It embodied ideas of wisdom, transformation, and the ability to transcend physical limitations – much like the snake’s ability to shed its skin and seemingly be reborn. The winged snake represented divine wisdom, transformation, immortality and transcendence. It signified the connection between earthly and divine realms, which makes a lot of sense in terms of the Eleusian Mysteries.

The snake also associated with mystical and philosophical concepts, being depicted in the caduceus of Hermes (the herald’s wand with two intertwined snakes) and connected to concepts of healing and regeneration as Asclepius (the god of medicine) was often depicted with a snake. Influenced by ancient Greek culture, the Romans copied and adopted art, symbols and myths. In Roman times the snake symbol represented Immortality. We can view many golden bracelets in the shape of a snake in archeological museums.

Eleusinian Mysteries Triptolemos
http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/254270 : Attributed to the Niobid Painter, Terracotta hydria: kalpis (water jar), ca. 460-450 B.C., Terracotta, H. 10 15/16 in. (27.7 cm); diameter 8 7/8 in. (22.6 cm); width with handles 10 15/16 in. (27.8 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Rogers Fund, 1941 (41.162.98)
The Niobid Painter is famous for depictions of mythological scenes on large pots. In this smaller pot, the artist depicts Triptolemos dispatched by the goddess Demeter, the patroness of fertility and agriculture, and her daughter, Persephone, to teach the cultivation of grain to humanity. Winged chariot is run by snakes.

The Eleusinian Mysteries: Historical Mysteries and the Search for Lost Knowledge:

While there are no direct sources about the secrets behind the Eleusian Mysteries, several writers mention the secrecy of rites, like the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. It’s a recording of Persephone’s abduction by Pluto and how Demeter searched for her daughter. A poem of about 500 verses, titled the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, was recorded around 600 BC. Sophocles, Herodotus, Aristophanes, and Plutarch, mention the Eleusinian Mysteries, often alluding to their transformative power and the sacred knowledge imparted to initiates. Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle also reference the Mysteries.

“Ancient Greeks had no holy books. Religion was taught through the act of worship. The essence of the Mysteries was individual initiation once in a lifetime. Those who chose to participate in the process were guaranteed happiness after death. The secretive nature of the mystery has resonated with metaphysical trends from Antiquity to the Renaissance and from Romanticism to the New Age movements.” – The Archaeological Museum of Elefsina

Ten marble fragments of the Great Eleusinian Relief, Roman copy of Greek original, 27 BCE–14 CE . The ten fragments have been set into a cast of the original relief. The original marble relief was unearthed at the site of the Eleusinian mysteries. There are several existing Roman copies of this relief. One of the copies is displayed in a dark interior space of the archeological museum in Eleusis.

Here the goddess of agriculture, Demeter, holds a scepter and stands on the left. She’s dressed in classical Greek clothing – peplos and himation (cloak). Her daughter, Persephone, is on the right of the relief. According to Greek myth, she is the wife of Hades, the god of the underworld. She wears a chiton and himation. Both goddesses reach out to a nude boy, Triptolemos who was a student of Demeter and the first man to learn the mystic rites, rituals, and grain production. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/248899
Triptolemos, met
Triptolemos | http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/254912 : Attributed to the Troilos Painter, Terracotta hydria (water jar), ca. 490 B.C., Terracotta, H. 14 1/16 in. (35.7 cm); diameter mouth 6 in. (15.3 cm); diameter foot 5 1/4 in. (13.3 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Fletcher Fund, 1956 (56.171.53)

Demeter was worshiped for roughly 2000 years celebrating life as over 60% of Greeks died from disease, violence, slavery, and hardship. Nearly half of the children died before the age of 5. Greeks asked Gods for good harvests to survive. Therefore, Triptolemos was the messenger of the goddess helping people grow grain. He was often shown as an adult riding a winged chariot on Athenian vases as you can see here.

sphinx on vase-eleusis
The image of a Greek Sphinx is depicted on a funerary vase found in Eleusis. Sphinxes were the symbolic guardians of the underworld and vases contained bones of children who probably died because of famine in Eleusis. Eleusis Museum, Photo: Veronica Winters

The Archeology of the Eleusinian Mysteries: A Study of Sacred Space and Ritual

In Mycenaean Eleusis (16th-13th BC), grave offerings were made of precious metals that indicated the deceased’s status. These were bronze weapons and tools, or silver and gold jewelry. In contrast, in the Mycenaean world, schematic figurines with arms folded or raised (Ф – type or Ψ – type) are found in abundance. They are considered symbols of a protective female deity or as children’s toys.

Examples of the Mycenean era excavations

The Antiquarian Society of Dilettanti made the first scientific investigations of the Eleusinian Sanctuary during Ottoman rule. Sir William Gell and the architects John Peter Grandy and Francis Redford led an expedition to Eleusis in 1812 and found the remains of the Telestirion.

Leadership & support of the Sanctuary of Eleusis in ancient Greece: Athens’ leaders supported its relationship with the Eleusinian Sanctuary for economic and political reasons and used the prestige of the Eleusinian Mysteries in their diplomacy. During the Roman period, the Sanctuary emerged as a religious and political center of universal importance. The Roman emperors, who were initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries, favored the Sanctuary greatly. For instance, during the reign of Hadrian, Antoninus the Pious, and Marcus Aurelius, the sanctuary experienced a wave of new construction with monumental architecture, including the Great Propylaia, triumphal arches, Temple of Propylaia Artemis, and paved entrance courtyard with the fountain.

The end: With the arrival of Christianity and the decree issuance of Emperor Theodosius I, in 392 AD, the worship of Goddess Demeter ceased to exist with a permanent closing of the sanctuary of Eleusis. The hordes of Alaric, in 395 AD, leveled it to the ground and killed the last Hierophant (priest) there.

The Eleusinian Mysteries: Did the Ancient Greeks Use Psychedelics to Achieve Transcendence in sacred ceremonies of the cult of goddess Demeter?

You died before you died and so didn’t die.

According to the museum, the beginning of the cult or worship emerged in the late geometric period. The oracle of Delphi ordered the Athenians to offer sacrifices to the goddess Demeter after a great famine spread throughout Greece in the 8th century BC. The sacrifice would appease the goddess to make the land fertile again. This oracle was given during the 5th Olympiad (760 BC).

Sacred ceremonies or the Eleusinian Mysteries were a multi-day, series of initiations into the cult of Demeter and Persephone that took place in absolute secrecy. It was the culminating experience of a lifetime. The first initiation began in Athens and then the procession continued in Eleusis through the Sacred Way as a journey. People of all classes participated in it including Emperors, free men, prostitutes, and slave men. This Eleusinian Road is an ancient road that began at the Sacred Gate of the Athenian wall and ended at the sanctuary in Eleusis. The religious procession to Eleusis used this road decorated with gardens, fruit trees, country shrines, altars, cemeteries, and funerary monuments set along the ancient path. They passed through a purposefully narrow bridge as a symbolic space between worlds of life and death.

Painted terracotta votive plaque, Attic work by a painter named Ninion, mid-4th century CE, discovered at the sanctuary of Eleusis. Image:wikimedia commons

The figures sit in two rows. At the top, Demeter is seated on the “secret cist”. Persephone stands holding a torch and the torchbearer Iakchos is located below, welcoming the procession of initiates, men and women, who arrive at the sanctuary.
In the middle of the lower row, the omphalos adorned with a crown and two crossed bakchoi, symbols of the ritual mysteries. The third deity, at the bottom right, is not identified with certainty.
The pediment depicts the participants of the pannychis, the night feast, where a flute player, on the left, accompanies them. All the participants are crowned and hold flowering branches and sticks, while the women have the kernos, the sacred vessel, fixed on their heads.
National Archaeological Museum, Athens.

The Role of Sacred Plants in the Eleusinian Mysteries: A Psychedelic Perspective

The Eleusian Mysteries consisted of a pagan ritual with the body’s purification, procession to the Telesterion, consumption of kykeon, and profound revelations following afterward.

Painted terracotta votive plaque, Ninion, mid-4th century CE, discovered at the sanctuary of Eleusis. The women (priestesses?) have the kernos, the sacred vessel, fixed on their heads.

The use of psychoactive substances is a debatable subject because there is no direct archeological evidence of the use. However, the magic potion seems to be the hidden truth behind the secret rites. It’s based on the extensive research of several scholars including Carl Ruck, an American professor who researched entheogens’s role in mythology and religion and first shared his research in a book “The Road to Eleusis” in 1978. Some psychoactive plants are known for inducing altered states of consciousness, letting people experience a fundamental change in psychic to communicate with God.

“The Road to Eleusis” book discusses psychoactive entheogens and the original meaning of some ancient Greek myths and gods, especially Dionysus, the God of Wine. The authors narrate the hypothesis of a magic drink potion recipe that could have contained ash mixed with other ingredients. The drink had a secret formula but was fairly easy to make every year regardless of the harvest. There is a chapter in this book dedicated to a narration of a beautiful Hymn to Demeter, an anonymous poem from the 7th century BC. In this poem, we learn about Persephone picking flowers in the fields of Nisa before the abduction. The companion of the maiden was named Pharmacia with the name’s translation as ‘the use of drugs”. In the book, the authors think that Persephone had a drug-induced seizure during the abduction by Hades.

In his book, “The Immortality Key”, Brian Muraresku shares his research about sacred beverages consumed during the Eulesian mysteries. He studied ancient pots that revealed traces of hallucinogenic substances like ergot (LSD) in beer potions. Fragments of ergot were discovered in a temple and within the dental calculus of an individual, suggesting its consumption.

Kernos or kernoi (in plural) are ritual vessels, images are from the archeological site in Eleusis. The kernos is a terracotta vessel with many little bowls surrounding it. A concoction of herbs, wheat, olive oil, and other ingredients was inside it to taste. A lamp probably topped the vessel. The priestesses carried these ritual vessels atop their heads during the procession at the Eleusinian Mysteries as we can see in a plaque above.

Some scholars believe that a drink called kykeon, which was consumed by the initiates, contained psychoactive ingredients, which may have been made from barley or rye that was infected with ergot, a fungus that produces lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). It was a carefully balanced brew of alcohol, herbs, spices, and ergot. Other possible ingredients include wild mushrooms or opium poppies. Only women prepared the drink, which gave the users transcendent experiences.

Kykeon: A drink consumed by initiates, thought to contain psychoactive ingredients.
Ergot: A fungus that grows on grains, containing LSD-like alkaloids. Fragments of ergot have been found in a temple dedicated to the Eleusinian goddesses, providing evidence for its potential use.
Psilocybin Mushrooms: Some scholars speculate that these mushrooms were used due to their hallucinogenic properties.


The descriptions of the Mysteries by ancient authors suggest that the initiates experienced visions and altered states of consciousness during the Eleusinian Mysteries. However, plant medicine was not limited to the Eleusinian Mysteries. Ancient Greeks used a variety of substances for medicinal, religious, and recreational purposes. While some drank a holy beer, others consumed the holy wine of Dionysus to become one with the god in ancient Greece. These substances included opium poppy, cannabis, and wine.

In the book The Road to Eleusis, the authors describe the original meaning of wine and the god Dyonasis and how different formulas for the dilution of wine with water had varied effects on people. The word “drunkenness” in Greek meant a state of complete Madness, and the authors think that the drinks contained psychotropic compounds mixed with water, herbs, and spices.

What is ergot?

Ergot is a fungal growth that primarily affects rye and other cereal grasses. Ergot appears as a dark, elongated, hard structure called a sclerotium that replaces the grain (kernel) of rye, wheat, barley, and other grasses. These sclerotia are:

  • Dark purple to black in color
  • Hard and dense
  • Elongated and curved, often described as “horn-like”
  • Typically about 1-2 centimeters long
  • Somewhat similar in shape to a narrow, blackened grain of the host plant

In the field, an infected grain head will look abnormal, with these dark, hardened ergot bodies replacing some or many of the normal grains. During harvest, these ergot bodies can be mixed in with the grain, making them a potential health hazard if not carefully removed.

The fungus (Claviceps purpurea) is particularly notorious because the ergot sclerotia contains powerful alkaloids that can be extremely toxic to humans and animals if consumed. Historically, ergot poisoning (called ergotism) caused serious health problems and even contributed to social upheavals in medieval Europe when contaminated rye bread caused widespread illness. Farmers and agricultural experts carefully monitor crops for signs of ergot, as its presence can render an entire grain harvest unusable and potentially dangerous.

A Window into the History of Mystery Religion, Mysticism and Ancient Spirituality in Ancient Greece: The Greek Magical Papyri

The Greek Magical Papyri is a collection of ancient spells and rituals that were probably combined with natural plants written down in the papyri to create ‘magic’ and let people enter the hidden world of altered reality. This was a literal “magician book”. Some herbs like wormwood (contained in the 19th-century French absinthe) and nightshade were probably mixed into incense or ink to inhale and make a potent spell using the book. It makes me think of fairy tales with Baba Yaga and powerful magicians stirring green liquids in their pots and cauldrons.

Discovered in Egypt, The Greek Magical Papyri are a collection of ancient texts, primarily written in Greek, that contain a variety of magical spells, incantations, and rituals. These papyri, dating from the 100s BCE to the 400s CE, offer a glimpse into the mystical and religious beliefs of the Greco-Roman world. The papyri include spells for love, wealth, health, protection, and harm. They also contain hymns for various deities, incantations for summoning spirits, and astral magic and theurgy rituals. The texts reflect a syncretistic blend of Greek, Egyptian, and other religious traditions. They incorporate elements from Greek mythology, Egyptian deities, and other magical systems. Many spells and rituals are intended for practical purposes, such as healing the sick, driving away evil spirits, or gaining wealth. Some texts describe theurgical practices, involving direct communication with divine beings through mystical experiences and rituals. Astrology plays a significant role in many magical practices, with the alignment of celestial bodies considered crucial for successful spells and rituals.

The Greek Magical Papyri list a wide variety of plants used in their spells and rituals. Here are some of the plants that are commonly mentioned:

Peony: Often used in love spells and potions.
Lily: Associated with beauty, love, and fertility.
Laurel: Symbolizing victory, purification, and prophetic power.
Olive: Connected to peace, wisdom, and healing.
Poppy: Associated with sleep, death, and dreams.
Rue: Used for protection, purification, and healing.
Thyme: Associated with courage, strength, and purification.
Mint: Used for purification, healing, and love magic.
Garlic: A powerful protective herb, often used to ward off evil spirits.
Onion: Associated with fertility, protection, and healing.
Fig: Symbolizing abundance, prosperity, and fertility.
Pomegranate: Connected to fertility, rebirth, and the underworld.

Toxic and sometimes fatal, Mandrake was used as an anesthetic, and pain reliever that treated insomnia and other ailments. Due to its human-like root shape, the mandrake was often associated with fertility, love, and protection. It was used in love potions, fertility charms, and protective amulets.

Wormwood, or Artemisia absinthium was used to enhance the spells. Due to its bitter taste and strong aroma, wormwood was often associated with protection and purification. It was used in spells and rituals to ward off evil spirits, induce visions, and enhance psychic abilities. It was burned as incense to purify spaces and connect with the divine.

Toxic Henbane was used to relieve pain, induce sleep, and calm anxiety. It was also employed in the treatment of mental disorders. Henbane was considered a powerful hallucinogenic and was used in divination and spiritual practices. It was also used in potions and spells for love, protection, and harm.

Nightshade plants, particularly Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) were deadly if misused. Yet, The plant’s alkaloids were applied to alleviate pain, particularly during childbirth and surgery. It could also induce sleep and calm anxiety. The plant’s psychoactive properties were exploited in various rituals and spiritual practices. The plant’s potent alkaloids can cause a range of symptoms, including hallucinations, delirium, and even death.

Ancient Greeks used opium to alleviate suffering from various ailments, like a lack of sleep, to calm anxiety, and to treat diarrhea. Opium was likely used in religious ceremonies, particularly those associated with the Eleusinian Mysteries, where it may have been ingested to induce altered states of consciousness, to facilitate prophetic dreams and visions.

The Greek Magical Papyri & its spells

It’s filled with a variety of spells, each designed for a specific purpose. Some examples include:

Love Spells:

  • Love Charm for Immediate Effect: This spell involves writing holy names with the blood of a black donkey on a seashell and reciting a formula to attract a specific person.
  • Eternal Love Spell: This spell, invoking the god Iabo, uses magical words and symbols to secure the eternal love of a woman.

Protection Spells:

  • Protection Against Enemies: This spell involves writing a specific formula on a piece of papyrus and wearing it as an amulet.
  • Protection from Evil Spirits: This spell involves burning incense and reciting specific incantations to ward off evil spirits.

Divination Spells:

  • Dream Incubation: This spell involves specific rituals and prayers to induce prophetic dreams.
  • Scrying: This spell involves gazing into a reflective surface, such as water or a mirror, to receive visions and messages from the divine.

Healing Spells:

  • Healing Wounds: This spell involves applying a specific ointment to the wound and reciting a healing incantation.
  • Curing Illness: This spell involves specific rituals and the use of herbs and amulets to cure various illnesses.

The benefits of psychedelics

Today, psychedelics have a negative connotation because they fall under the general umbrella of ‘drug use’ and are considered to be hallucinogens. However, different ancient cultures have used various plant medicines for centuries to heal the soul, elevate fears of death, and provide a transformative experience that lasts a lifetime. While plant medicine is not for schizophrenic minds, it’s far from being a mere hallucination. Rather, it’s a powerful, non-addictive substance that can cure your soul by traveling deep inside yourself into a parallel reality where you learn who you truly are.

The Architecture of the Eleusinian Mysteries: A Study of Sacred Space and Ritual

Most of the following descriptions come from the grounds & museum at the archeological site of Eleusis. I fixed the text for better English.

The Telesterion of Eleusis: Exploring the Architectural Features of a Sacred Initiation Site

The most significant structure within the Sanctuary was the Telesterion, a large, underground hall where the initiates would gather for the final and most sacred part of the ritual. The Telesterion or the “Hall of Initiation” was designed to accommodate thousands of people, with its Doric columns, mosaic floors, and a central aisle leading to the Anaktoron, the holy chamber for sacred objects’ safekeeping. This large, underground hall gathered people to perform the most sacred rites.

The oldest excavated remains date to the Mycenaean period (1600-1100 BC) and belong to a rectangular megaroid building known as the “Megaron B.” It had two columns along the central axis and a portico with stairs on its façade. What we see today are the leftovers from the construction in the 5th century BC.

Plan of Eleusis with the Telesterion in the center. By Zde – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=55707754

In the early 6th century BC, the Solonian Telesterion with a rectangular main temple appeared in the same location. Because of the continuous growth of the reputation and worshippers at the Sanctuary in the late 6th -century BC, a new building emerged at the same location. The location was always sacred to worshippers because it had been indicated by the goddess Demeter in the ancient myth. This large and richly decorated building had the name of the Telesterion of Peisistratus. It retained its features in later Greco-Roman construction periods. The architectural remains visible today relate to the Telesterion of the classical period (5th century BC), the Portico of Philo (4th century BC), and the Roman modifications (2nd century AD).

Designed by the Eleusinian architect Philo, the Portico of Philo was attached to the east façade. Built on a strong foundation, its floor was paved with Eleusinian limestone. Created in the doric order style, the building consisted of twelve columns on the façade and two on the narrow sides, of which only parts of the lower drums are preserved. In 170 AD, the Costoboci invaders burnt down the Telesterion. During the years of emperor Marcus Aurelius (161-180 AD), classical-style Telesterion was reconstructed with some extension. During the Roman period, two stairs were cut in the rock that led to an elongated square of the Upper Court, 70m long and 11,45m wide.

Visible architectural remains mainly relate to the Telesterion of the classical period (5th century BC), which the architect of the Parthenon, Ictinos planned. Due to construction difficulties and Pericles’ death, his plan was not executed to a great extent and the construction study was assigned to three architects, Coroibos, Metagenes, and Xenocles.

The classical Telesterion looked like a square hall with Doric columns. Its sides measured about 51,50m. A colonnaded porch on the East side had 12 doric columns and 8 rows of rock steps. Artificially constructed stone blocks were arranged along four sides of the hall to seat the initiates who attended the sacred enactments. 42 columns supported the building’s roof. Lighter columns were superimposed over them to reach the ceiling. The center of the roof had a raised lightwell to illuminate the interior space of the building.

View of the Sanctuary of Demeter with the Telesterion’s shape from Google Earth
View of the Telesterion from the museum’s site

The Anactoron (The House of God), a small, rectangular space dedicated to the safekeeping of sacred cult objects was located in the hall’s center. Only the highest priest, the so-called Hierophant could enter this space to reveal the holy objects to the initiates during the night of the Eleusian Mysteries. The Hierophant’s throne was situated outside the entrance to the Anactoron. The worshippers also gathered in the Sacred Court that extended along the Telesterion’s three sides. It had altars and numerous dedications to participate in the sacred rites.

The initiates observed the law of silence throughout antiquity, which forbade them from revealing what happened in the Telesterion. Testimonies of the secretive performances are vague but reveal reenactments, drama, and mystical indoctrination. The main initiation occurred in the Telesterion on the 6 & 7th days of the mysterious nights. Only those initiated the previous year could become supervisors (epoptes). The 8th day was dedicated to libations with liquid offerings in ritual vessels for the underworld gods and the dead. The return was on the 9th day. The initiates would return home, scattered into smaller groups.

Funerary Proto-Attic Amphora with a depiction of the blinding of the cyclops Polyphemus by Odysseus and his companions, 670-660 BCE Eleusis-veronica winters art blog
Funerary Proto-Attic Amphora with a depiction of the blinding of the cyclops Polyphemus by Odysseus and his companions, 670-660 BCE Eleusis, Veronica Winters art blog

The Roman Court of Eleusis

The spacious, square court stood in front of the main entrance of the Eleusian sanctuary. Paved with large marble rectangular slabs, it was 65m long by 40m wide. The Sacred Way ended at the court area. The preserved foundations of a semicircular building formed the Exedra from where the dignitaries of the Sanctuary attended the arrival of the worshippers. The Roman court was bordered by a portico, a fountain, and a triumphal arch on its East side. The second triumphal arch stood on the West side. An L-shaped portico bordered the rest of the west side of the court. High-quality materials and construction of the Roman court indicate general oversight of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD). The construction program continued under Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD) and was completed under Marcus Aurelius (161-180 AD).

The wall of Lycurgus is a wall associated with the Athenian logographer Lycurgus, who is said to have worked to improve the security and splendor of Athens. However, the construction of the Eleusis enclosure wall predates Lycurgus’s time and was built in the 4th century BC. Located farther away from the temple of Demeter, this new, 2.55-meter thick, defense wall was built with the so-called isodomic building masonry system imitating the earlier Periclean wall. It consisted of two-colored stones greyish-blue Eleusinian limestone and yellow-red blocks. It had two towers, a round one and a square tower, protecting the main entrance to the sanctuary from the sea.

The Little Propylaea of Eleusis

Propylaea is the name given to monumental gates or entranceways to a temple or religious complex. It acts as a symbolic partition between the secular and spiritual parts of a city. 

19th-century drawing of propylaea in Athens. Image in public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=156815

The main entrance to the Sanctuary of Eleusis consisted of a monumental gateway that was rebuilt over the earlier version of the North Gate. When the Greater Propylaea was constructed as the main entrance, the Gateway became the Lesser Propylaea or the inner entrance to the Sanctuary. According to a Latin inscription on its architrave, a Roman consul Appius Claudius Pulcher dedicated it to the goddesses Demeter and Persephone in 54 BC.

The edifice consisted of two colonnades of porticoes. They were separated by a transverse wall with a double door that opened into the inner portico. Two other preserved, parallel furrows probably enabled rainwater drainage. The outer portico had an interesting layout. The pediment, door pilasters, and two columns formed the gate. The Corinthian columns and pilasters had elaborate decorations of winged animals- lions, and bulls. The cult symbols of Demeter, like wheat rosettes and flowers decorated spaces between the columns and the pediment.


The inner portico had a flat coffered ceiling, supported by two monumental, pentelic Caryatids. One is on display in the Archaeological Museum of Eleusis. At the same time, the other one was stolen by the English traveler Edward Clark and transported to Cambridge in 1812, where it still stands today. Both statues depict Maidens who carry the mystic cist on their heads. It’s the cylindrical container with the sacred, cult objects they had in a ritual. They were also decorated with carved reliefs -symbols of the cult of Demeter. More on it below.

The Architecture of the Eleusinian Mysteries: the Caryatid

Caryatid face in Eleusis
Caryatid’s face, Eleusis

Who is Caryatid?

Caryatid is a sculpted female figure used as an architectural support, taking the place of a column or pillar to hold up an entablature. The term “caryatid” comes from the Greek word “Karyatis,” which refers to the women of the ancient town of Caryae. The most famous example of caryatids can be found on the south porch of the Erechtheion on the Acropolis in Athens, created during the Classical Greek period around 421-417 BCE.

Caryatids in Athens-veronica winters art blog
Caryatids found on the south porch of the Erechtheion on the Acropolis in Athens

The Mythology of Caryatid

The mythology behind these figures is somewhat disputed. One interpretation is that they represent the women of Caryae, a town that sided with the Persians during the Persian Wars. As punishment, the women were forced into slavery and forced to carry heavy burdens. The caryatids, then, would symbolize this punishment, bearing the weight of the building’s entablature.

However, another interpretation suggests that the caryatids represent priestesses of Artemis Caryatis, the goddess associated with the walnut tree. This interpretation is supported by the presence of a sanctuary of Artemis Caryatis in the town of Caryae.

In Roman times, the two colossal Caryatids adorned the Little Propylaia decoration. The Caryatid was about three times the size of a man. She carried a cylindrical box on her head, a “cyst,” decorated with ears of corn, rosettes, and ritual vessels named “kerns.” For the villagers of Elefsina, she was the “saint Demeter who protected their land and gave them a good harvest.”

Caryatid Eleusis-Veronica Winters art blog
Views of one Caryatid left in Eleusis

The theft of the Caryatid of Eleusis

Eleusis continued its existence after a formal, forced closure of its grounds by the Byzantine emperors. A Frankish tower that existed until 1953 illustrates the passage of Franks through Eleusis. The Venetians also went through Eleusis as they wanted to take a large statue of Koris but left it in place there. This statue appears in the plans of the British George Wheler, who visited the Sanctuary of Demeter in 1676 to describe the desolated space. In 1801, another British traveler, ED Clarke comes to Eleusis and decides to take the statue of the Maiden with him. ED Clarke loaded one of them on his ship that sank off the coast of England. The statue was recovered and placed in the Public Library in the Fitzwilliam Museum of Cambridge in 1803.

Sphinxes Decorations on Tombs in Eleusis | Veronica Winters Art Blog

How Colorful Clothes Exhibited Fashion, Status, & Symbolism in Ancient Greece

Because of the secrecy of the ceremony, it’s difficult to say what the ancient Greeks wore exactly during the rites. However, it’s reasonable to think that clothing also had some spiritual significance in the Eleusinian Mysteries, as the initiates probably wore ceremonial, colored robes with patterns, jewelry, and wreaths, as we see in this terracotta plaque found in Eleusis. The garments look a lot more decorative and refined than Greek usual outerwear. Leaf tiaras and crowns top the heads of both men and women.

Other statues exhibited in the museum:

The Eleusinian sculptures
The Eleusinian sculptures in the Archeological Museum show classical Greek costumes -himation (off-one shoulder and draped around cloak) and chiton (toga-like dress).

Statue of Antinoos, (on the left) 2nd C. AD. Antinoos was a beautiful youth and probably a lover of the emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD). He drowned in the Nile barely reaching adulthood, and Hadrian deified him, flooding the empire with statues, portraits, and even temples dedicated to the handsome youth.

Statue of Asclepius, (center) 320 BC. The Healer God or the god of health and medicine. It was found north of the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore, where there was presumably a shrine of the god.

Clothing as a symbol of status in ancient Greece:

Attributed to the Nikon Painter, Terracotta lekythos (oil flask), ca. 460? -450 B.C., Terracotta, H. 15 in. (38.1 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Leon Pomerance, 1953 (53.224)

In general, though, ancient Greeks wore four layers or types of clothing depending on their sex and event. The Peplos, Chiton, Himation, and the Chlamys. They didn’t wear trousers or underwear. You can see a well-written summary with illustrations and vases here, at the Art Institute of Chicago, and here, at the Met.

The Charioteer, closeup of a bronze sculpture of a young man, Classical period, 478 BC, 1,82m in height, Delphi.

I think ancient Greek clothing was beautiful, elegant, and functional, considering they probably exercised in short chitons at the gymnasium. Sculptures of men dressed in the chitons remind me of the Doric columns from the temples of ancient Greece. Dress code and fabric colors reflected social and economic status, and this book reconstructs the social meanings attached to the dressed body in ancient Greece: Body, Dress, and Identity in Ancient Greece, by Mireille M. Lee.

Here are some of the most common garments in ancient Greece:

Aphrodite 4 BCE Athens-blog
Statue of a goddess, probably Aphrodite, 4th century BCE, Athens. She is dressed in peplos and himation.

For Women:

  • Peplos: A rectangular piece of cloth, one-size-fits-all, draped over the body, fastened with brooches at the shoulders. It was often worn by married women and was associated with modesty and respectability. The fabric was wool. It was replaced by the chiton later on.
  • Chiton: A garment similar to a tunic, often worn underneath the peplos. It could be sleeveless or have short sleeves, belted. The fabric was fine linen but it was often made of silk for women. At first, only men wore it long but eventually, this style became popular among women, while men shortened their chitons. By the 4th century BC, the ‘luxury’ chitons became elaborate with patterns and decorations.
  • Himation: A large rectangular cloak that could be draped around the body and off-one shoulder worn over the chiton. Made of wool, it was often used for warmth or as a symbol of status.
Daochos monument with Agias, Delphi
Daochos monument with Agias, Delphi illustrates ancient Greek styles of clothing

For Men:

  • Chiton: Similar to the women’s chiton, but often shorter and more fitted. It could be worn alone or under a himation.
  • Himation: A large rectangular cloak, made of wool, similar to the one worn by women. It could be draped diagonally off a shoulder and wrapped around the body. Men wore it over the chiton or nude body.
  • Chlamys: A shorter, more rectangular cloak reserved for men only. It was often worn by young men, especially soldiers because it helped them in battles. It was typically fastened with a brooch at the shoulder. In late antiquity, the chlamys changed their length, material, and status. Made of silk and precious stones decorations, chlamys belonged to the dress code of emperors and high-ranking officials.
Attic cup: Oedipus and the Sphinx Oedipus and the Sphinx, interior of an Attic red-figured kylix (cup or drinking vessel), c. 470 BCE; in the Gregorian Etruscan Museum, the Vatican Museums, Rome.
Attic cup: Oedipus and the Sphinx Oedipus and the Sphinx, interior of an Attic red-figured kylix (cup or drinking vessel), c. 470 BCE; in the Gregorian Etruscan Museum, the Vatican Museums, Rome.

Fabric dyes & symbolism of color:

As you can see ancient Greeks used several types of fabric, mainly linen, wool, and silk. When we look at the images on the vases and sculptures, we think of white fabric that can represent purity. However, ancient Greeks often dyed their fabric in vibrant hues like purple, red, blue, and yellow that were costly and represented status.

Common dyes were:

  • Madder Root: This plant produces a vibrant red dye, often associated with passion, vitality, and courage.
  • Woad: This plant yielded a blue dye, symbolizing wisdom, spirituality, and the divine.
  • Saffron: A luxurious and expensive yellow dye, often associated with royalty, wealth, and happiness.
  • Kermes: This insect produced a deep red dye, similar to madder, and was also linked to passion and vitality.
  • Tyrian Purple: A rare and costly purple-red dye extracted from a type of sea snail, this color was reserved for the elite and symbolized wealth, power, and imperial authority.  

Symbolism of Color in Ancient Greece:

  • White: Often associated with purity, innocence, and mourning.  
  • Black: Symbolized death, mourning, and the underworld.
  • Red: Connected to passion, vitality, and courage.
  • Blue: Associated with wisdom, spirituality, and the divine.
  • Purple: Symbolized royalty, wealth, and power.  
  • Yellow: Linked to happiness, joy, and the sun.

In conclusion:

The Eleusian Mysteries was the most significant pagan ritual of Ancient Greece. Every year, thousands of individuals participated in these secret ceremonies, in honor of Demeter and Persephone, the Greek goddesses of fertility and agriculture. We may never know the exact rituals that involved initiation, processions, and purification ceremonies to honor the cycles of life and death and to experience unity with God. We may never learn the exact formula for a magic drink of ancient Greeks. One thing is clear, what looks like a bunch of broken stones today was an important center of shamanic worship for ancient Greeks to learn about themselves by connecting to a higher power in a once-in-a-lifetime event. By feeling unity with the divine through a shared psychedelic drink, ancient Greeks had a pathway to see beyond reality, be the one with the community, and live a meaningful life.

Please share your thoughts on the mysteries of Demeter and check out my other videos on ancient Greece. nika@veronicasart.com

References:

the history of psychedelic art
The Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion with No Name, Paperback – October 3, 2023
by Brian C. Muraresku (Author), Michael Pollan (Preface), Graham Hancock (Contributor)

Before the birth of Jesus, the Ancient Greeks found salvation in their own sacraments. Sacred beverages were routinely consumed as part of the so-called Ancient Mysteries – elaborate rites that led initiates to the brink of death. The best and brightest from Athens and Rome flocked to the spiritual capital of Eleusis, where a holy beer unleashed heavenly visions for two thousand years. Others drank the holy wine of Dionysus to become one with the god. In the 1970s, renegade scholars claimed this beer and wine – the original sacraments of Western civilization – were spiked with mind-altering drugs. In recent years, vindication for the disgraced theory has been quietly mounting in the laboratory. The constantly advancing fields of archaeobotany and archaeochemistry have hinted at the enduring use of hallucinogenic drinks in antiquity. And with a single dose of psilocybin, the psychopharmacologists at Johns Hopkins and NYU are now turning self-proclaimed atheists into instant believers. But the smoking gun remains elusive. If these sacraments survived for thousands of years in our remote prehistory, from the Stone Age to the Ancient Greeks, did they also survive into the age of Jesus? Was the Eucharist of the earliest Christians, in fact, a psychedelic Eucharist?
The Immortality Key reconstructs the suppressed history of women consecrating a forbidden, drugged Eucharist that was later banned by the Church Fathers. Women were then targeted as witches during the Inquisition when Europe’s sacred pharmacology largely disappeared.

https://open.spotify.com/show/658uAq3M7spLX18c06SbQ8?si=1f1ce34ff1db4d0d

the road to eleusis unveiling the secret of the mysteries
the road to Eleusis unveiling the secret of the mysteries:

the Eleusinian Mysteries were a series of secret rituals and initiations in honor of the goddesses Demeter and Persephone for almost 2000 years. The book’s first release in 1978 showed the work of three researchers—a mycologist, chemist, and historian—who revealed the sacred potion use during the rites. Infused with a psychoactive entheogen, the drink reframed modern understanding of the rites and religion in general. The authors share insights on experiential religious practices, perspectives on the healing potential of psychedelics, and how—and why—the secrets of the Mysteries were deliberately concealed. This 30th-anniversary edition has a renewed exploration of the chemical findings by Peter Webster turning our knowledge of the past and religious history upside down.

Discover more about ancient Greece:

The Eleusinian Mysteries: A Window into the History of Mystery Religions and Ancient Spirituality

Delve into the enigmatic world of the Eleusinian Mysteries! This video explores the ancient Greek rituals, their connection to the cult of Demeter and Persephone, and the potential role of psychedelic substances like the “kykeon” in inducing altered states of consciousness. We’ll examine the archaeological evidence, historical accounts, and philosophical interpretations of these sacred rites, uncovering the mysteries surrounding death, rebirth, and the pursuit of esoteric knowledge in ancient Greece Although the use of psychedelics is a forbidden topic in our society, ancient cultures have used them for centuries. Join me as I dive deep into the secrets of Demeter’s ancient cult, sacred space and architecture in Eleusis!

Video on Youtube: https://youtu.be/RFUU8yxs5yU

To see pictures of the place and read more: https://veronicasart.com/what-lies-beneath-demeters-ancient-cult-of-eleusinian-mysteries-psychedelics-death-god/

Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

Miami Art Fairs 2024 review: Context Art Miami

I just visited the Miami Art Fair in December 2024. While I found some pretty amazing art there, a lot of it was nonsense but this dichotomy and contrast make the art fairs so interesting. It’s incredibly expensive for art galleries to present contemporary art at such fairs, and only a few can do so year after year. I saw many of the “same” artists there but it doesn’t mean that their art wasn’t good or boring. I think overall, the show has more strange or nonsense “art” this year, which is disappointing for me, a classically-inspired artist. Almost everything presented is huge enough to fit a large wall space in a multi-million house. Such shows attract a specific group of people and I guess that’s how it’s supposed to be.

During the preview hours, I met one of the artists, Clarita Brinkerhoff, from the Aldo Castillo Gallery. She makes sparkly peacock sculptures in metal and Swarovski Stellux Crystals with real peacock feathers. We stand in front of Metis Atash’s Buddha Swarowski crystal sculpture.

Daniel Arsham-Rome Deified bronze sculpture 2024
Daniel Arsham-Rome Deified bronze sculpture 2024, cast bronze hand-finished in custom Tiffany Green patina 6 1/4 x 8 in. (15.9 x 20.3 cm), Edition of 99. Taglialatella galleries.

The most stunning piece I saw at the ART MIAMI Fair, 2024 was a huge bronze bust of Athena/Minerva titled Bronze Eroded Rome Deified, 2023 by Daniel Arsham. There is something powerful about this sculpture when you see it in person. Perfect. Big. Emotional. I must say that it’s not quite the original creation of the artist because it closely resembles the original one standing in the Louvre, Paris. Here is the Greco-Roman sculpture below.

Sculpture in the Louvre, Paris. Photo: Veronica Winters

I absolutely love this piece from Coderch and Malavia. The model’s position, diagonals, and unusual patina make this sculpture stand out from the crowd of flashy art.

You can view more from these incredible, realist contemporary artists here: https://veronicasart.com/the-art-worlds-enigma-highlights-from-context-art-miami-2023/
connection-oil on canvas-24x36 inches-veronica winters
Connection, oil on canvas, 24×36 inches, Veronica Winters

How to Become a Master Storyteller: 5 addictive storytelling techniques to write stories, YouTube videos & essays


Storytelling is an art form. Crafting essays, speeches, YouTube video scripts or gripping novels demands through understanding of story concepts, human psychology, and practice. Here are five addictive storytelling techniques that can elevate your storytelling prowess.

lady reading letters of Heloise and Abelard-1780-A. dAgesci

5 addictive storytelling techniques

#1. Start with a Hook

The “hook” or the opening lines of a story are crucial in capturing the person’s attention and drawing him into the narrative. A strong hook can be achieved through several techniques, such as presenting a conflict or dilemma, introducing a unique character, or plunging the reader into the heart of the action. The hook can be visual or written depending on the medium.

In literature:

  • Consider the opening of J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone,” where we are immediately introduced to the orphaned Harry Potter living a miserable life with the Dursleys. This opening makes us curious to learn more about the boy from the start.
  • In “The Girl on the Train” by Paula Hawkins, “Rachel catches the same commuter train every morning. Every day, she rattles down the track, watching the same houses, the same people. Every day, she fantasizes about their lives. Every day, she feels herself slipping away.”
  • In “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, you read: “You don’t know what you’ve got ’til it’s gone. I had it all. Now I have nothing.”
  • In “The Silent Patient” by Alex Michaelides: “Alicia Berenson hasn’t spoken a word in five years. Her husband was found dead in their bedroom, and she’s the prime suspect. Psychiatrist Theo Faber is determined to get her to talk.”

Visual Hooks:

The hook can be visual before the story unfolds. If we study action films, they start with a riveting action scene to pull us in. “The Mission Impossible” and “James Bond” movies always have an opening scene with lots of exhilarating action and only later on do we find out about the characters, story, and details.

  • In “Inception,” the movie opens with a breathtaking heist sequence that immediately immerses the audience in a world of confused reality.
  • The movie “Get Out” begins with a seemingly ordinary couple driving down a dark country road, setting the stage for a chilling and suspenseful horror film.
  • In “Parasite”, the film starts with the Kim family living in a cramped basement apartment, struggling to make ends meet. This stark contrast with the wealthy Park family sets the stage for a dark and satirical tale of class and inequality.

These hooks grab our attention and set the tone for the story to delve deeper into the world of the narrative.

#2. Build unusual but relatable characters

There is no story without well-developed characters that can resonate with readers on a deep emotional level. You can create interesting characters by exploring their motivations, fears, and desires. Give them unique quirks, flaws, and strengths that make them relatable and believable to us. The audience should see parts of themselves or people they know in story characters. Also, characters must go through a transformation process throughout the story. A protagonist who struggles and overcomes difficulties naturally appeals to the audience.

To emphasize emotional connection, include scenes or moments that evoke feelings of joy, fear, sadness, hope, frustration, etc. For example, a writer explaining climate change might share a personal story of a struggling family impacted by rising sea levels. This approach humanizes the issue and makes it relatable. Today, a lot of writing and headlines are fear-based in the media. Fear is a powerful psychological tool to keep viewers engaged throughout your video, story, or article.

Unforgettable characters have unique personalities that are not black-and-white. Consider the complex character of Severus Snape in the Harry Potter series. His conflicted loyalties, tragic backstory, and love for Lily Potter make him a mysterious figure who comes to light only at the end of the book. In the psychological thriller, the Joker, 2019, the main character is known as a ‘bad’ guy. However, as the story unfolds, we see the enormous weight and complexity of his character through some tragic events in his life. Let’s look at this character in greater detail.

Character Development in “Joker” (2019)

This film builds character through Arthur Fleck/Joker’s transformation in a profound psychological deconstruction of social marginalization, mental illness, and personal breakdown.

how to create characters in stories

Key Character Development Techniques:

  1. Psychological Descent
  • Gradual erosion of social boundaries
  • Mental illness portrayed as a product of systemic neglect
  • Character development driven by cumulative traumatic experiences
  • Slow transformation from vulnerable individual to violent persona
  1. Societal Rejection as Catalyst
  • Character’s development emerges from consistent social exclusion
  • The mental health system’s failure becomes a transformative mechanism
  • Marginalization creates internal psychological pressure
  • Social indifference triggers progressive psychological fragmentation
  1. Traumatic Background Elements
  • Childhood trauma as foundational character development
  • Maternal relationship reveals deep psychological wounds
  • Unreliable personal history creates narrative complexity
  • Identity becomes fluid and constructed
  1. Performance-Driven Transformation
  • Joaquin Phoenix’s physical performance communicates psychological states
  • Body language reveals internal psychological shifts
  • Dance-like movements symbolize psychological transition
  • Physical transformation mirrors mental deconstruction
  1. Power Dynamics
  • Character development explores powerlessness transforming into violent empowerment
  • Social humiliation becomes the catalyst for radical identity reconstruction
  • Powerlessness converts into aggressive self-determination
  • Systemic violence reflected in individual psychological breakdown
  1. Narrative Ambiguity
  • Blurs lines between reality and delusion
  • Unreliable narrative perspective
  • Character’s perception becomes the primary storytelling mechanism
  • Creates psychological complexity through narrative uncertainty

Philosophy of the character and movie:

  • Society creates its monsters
  • Marginalization generates destructive responses
  • Mental illness intersects with systemic violence

Distinctive Character Development Aspects:

  • Rejects traditional hero/villain dichotomy
  • Generates sympathy through psychological complexity
  • Explores societal mechanisms of psychological destruction
  • Transforms personal trauma into social commentary

Psychology & Performance:

  • Phoenix’s performance becomes a linguistic tool
  • Physical movements communicate psychological states
  • Reveals inner landscape through bodily expression
  • Transforms character development into visceral experience

#3. Use the Power of Conflict

Suspense is the art of creating anticipation and uncertainty, keeping the reader on the edge of their seat. Conflict can be suggested through a conversation tone and rhythm. To achieve uncertainty, use these techniques:

  • withhold information
  • introduce a time limit
  • create a sense of impending doom

In your storytelling, focus on presenting challenges that characters must resolve by the end of the story. These conflicts can be internal struggles, external challenges, or even societal issues. A master storyteller introduces the conflict early and resolves it in a way that aligns with the message or goal of the story. For example, in persuasive essays or presentations, conflict can represent opposing viewpoints. In movies, it’s often a dislike for each other at the beginning of a film and a resolve in the end. In novels, characters might have different motivations to achieve one goal.

Key Storytelling Techniques for Conflict Creation:

  • Introduce multiple layers of conflict (internal and external) and establish clear stakes
  • Create obstacles that challenge the protagonist’s goals. Create tension
  • Use conflict to drive multi-dimensional character development
  • Ensure that conflict resolution feels earned and meaningful
  • Show how characters grow and change through confronting conflicts and experiencing transformation throughout the story.

Examples of Conflict Creation in a story:

In “Pride and Prejudice”, Jane Austen creates social and romantic conflict in her book. Austen creates external conflict through social expectations and personal misunderstandings. She writes about social pressures around marriage, class, and reputation that create tension. Elizabeth and Darcy’s initial interactions are fraught with misunderstandings and social constraints. Her economic and social survival depends on making the right marriage choices. Jane Austen also explores the internal conflict in her characters. Elizabeth struggles with her preconceived notions about Darcy and Darcy battles his own pride and social conditioning that they overcome in the end. The author finds a resolution to their conflict through mutual understanding and personal growth, breaking down social barriers in their marriage.
Both characters must overcome their initial prejudices and self-imposed limitations

Alfred Hitchcock, the master of suspense, was a master at building tension through his use of camera angles, music, and pacing. His films, such as “Psycho” and “Rear Window,” are renowned for their ability to keep audiences guessing.


Writing conflict-driven narratives can be challenging, especially when under tight deadlines. In this case, CustomWriting offers quick assistance. With an AI essay writer, college students can get online help to structure their thoughts, refine ideas, and learn how to apply storytelling techniques in academic work. Such a resource improves grades and builds skills in writing stories and more.

George R.R. Martin’s conflict creation:

emilia clarke as khaleesi from game of thrones
Emilia Clarke as Khaleesi from the Game of Thrones, Veronica Winters

George R.R. Martin creates a rich conflict landscape in “A Song of Ice and Fire” series, popularly known through the “Game of Thrones” adaptation. He introduces multiple layers of external and internal conflicts. He uses unique conflict-creation strategies:

  • Personal choices have massive, often unexpected consequences
  • Power vs responsibility
  • Subverting traditional narrative expectations
  • No character is completely safe or guaranteed survival
  • Conflicts emerge from complex motivations, not simple good vs. evil dynamics

Martin’s approach to conflict-creation is different from other fantasy novels because his conflicts are multilayered and interconnected with complex characters that have shifting allegiances. He doesn’t use straightforward resolutions but rather intertwines personal and political motivations.

  1. Political Conflict:
  • Multiple noble houses (Stark, Lannister, Baratheon, Targaryen) compete for control of the Iron Throne
  • The War of the Five Kings represents a complex, multi-sided political conflict
  • Each house has different motivations: revenge, power, legitimacy, survival
  • Triggered by complex family dynamics and political machinations
  • Ned Stark’s execution becomes a catalyst for widespread warfare
  • Demonstrates how personal betrayals can escalate into systemic conflict
  1. Existential Conflict: Humans vs. White Walkers External Conflict:
  • An apocalyptic threat that transcends individual house rivalries
  • The White Walkers represent an existential challenge to human survival
  • Creates tension between immediate political struggles and a larger, more critical threat

3. Character Conflict:

  • Jon Snow emerges as a key character trying to unite warring factions against this ultimate threat
  • His struggle involves convincing people to look beyond immediate conflicts to face a greater danger
  • Daenerys Targaryen has an internal conflict between her desire for justice and her potential for destructive violence. Her character arc represents a complex exploration of power, idealism, and potential corruption
  • Tyrion Lannister’s conflict involves an internal struggle against family expectations and personal identity. He fights against being defined by his physical differences and his family’s perception. He uses wit and intelligence as weapons against social and familial prejudices

Resolution Techniques:

George R.R. Martin creates unique resolutions to conflicts, such as:

  • Moral ambiguity means that “winning” often comes with significant personal or collective cost
  • Conflicts often remain unresolved or have unexpected outcomes as system-level problems aren’t solved by individual heroism
  • Victory is rarely clean or complete
  • Characters are fundamentally changed by their experiences

Moreover, George R.R. Martin’s approach to conflict resolution follows a different strategy as he rejects classic heroic narratives where good always triumphs like in the “Lord of the Rings”. He kills major protagonists unexpectedly (like Ned Stark’s execution) and eliminates traditional hero types quickly. He also records the punishment of noble intentions rather than rewarding them. In non-linear storytelling, his characters have moral complexity and psychological dimensions like Jaime Lannister transforming from an apparent villain to a nuanced, sympathetic character. His heroes often experience brutal consequences for good actions and suffer genuine, long-term repercussions for their choices. In his story, the author demonstrates the fundamental corruption of power and treats medieval-style settings with historical realism to focus on human psychology over magical elements and settings. The author reveals the deep psychological motivations of characters who have flaws and multiple internal conflicts just as important as the external ones.

    Vladimir Nabokov’s conflict creation:

    Vladimir Nabokov‘s approach to conflict is uniquely psychological, morally complex, and linguistically sophisticated. In “Lolita”, he uses internal psychological tension as the primary driver of the protagonist. It exists in his mind. Nabokov uses unreliable narration to create moral ambiguity. He also challenges the reader’s moral boundaries through sophisticated narrative techniques making us “feel” for the pedophile. Throughout this book, Nabokov uses elegant prose to create dissonance between horrific actions and beautiful language as one of his conflict techniques.

    In “Pale Fire”, Nabokov constructs unique conflict through the narrative structure, different perspectives, linguistic complexity, and blurred lines between reality and delusion.

    His unique approach to conflict creation:

    • Conflict emerges through linguistic complexity
    • Uses unreliable narration as a primary conflict generator to create moral ambiguity
    • Creates tension through intellectual games or manipulation
    • Challenges reader’s moral and perceptual boundaries

    #4. Become a master of the language & sensory details

    Vivid descriptions and sensory details can transport the reader to another world, allowing them to experience the story firsthand. By appealing to the senses of sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch, you can create a more immersive reading experience. Consider the evocative descriptions of nature in J.R.R. Tolkien’s “The Lord of the Rings,” where the forests of Mirkwood and the plains of Rohan come alive with vivid detail. Or study the complex emotional landscapes of Nabokov’s characters.

    Examples & analysis of Nabokov’s language use:

    Russian novelist, Vladimir Nabokov was a master of language, and his prose is often characterized by its precision, lyricism, and playful wordplay. He wrote novels and short stories in 5 different languages and used innovative and complex storytelling methods. His beautiful descriptions often relied on unusual comparisons, wordplay, and symbolism to evoke feelings. His unique mastery of language becomes a microscope into the characters’ inner worlds in every story you read.

    Language is his primary tool to create complex emotional landscapes of his characters. He often uses metaphors to reveal meaning or psychological states of mind. Punctuation and sentence structure often communicate psychological tension in his stories. He uses beautiful language that contrasts with disturbing content and creates feelings through word choice.

    Here is a detailed analysis of Nabokov’s linguistic techniques using an excerpt from “Lolita” that demonstrates his psychological portraiture through language:

    Original Passage: “Dolores, my daughter. Lo, my love. Lolita. The tip of the tongue taking a trip of three steps down the palate to tap, at three, on the teeth. Lo. Li. Ta.”

    Linguistic Breakdown:

    1. Layered Naming
    • Multiple names reveal psychological fragmentation
    • “Dolores” (pain) vs. “Lo” (intimate) vs. “Lolita” (sexualized)
    • Each name represents a different psychological projection
    • Demonstrates Humbert’s fractured perception of the girl
    1. Phonetic Deconstruction
    • Breaks name into physical sound production
    • Describes linguistic mechanics of saying her name
    • Transforms name into a sensory, almost erotic experience
    • Sound becomes a metaphor for psychological obsession
    1. Psychological Mapping
    • Language reveals the narrator’s disturbing fixation
    • Precise linguistic description masks deeper pathology
    • Creates intimacy through linguistic precision
    • Sound becomes a proxy for emotional/sexual possession
    1. Syntactical Revelation
    • Short, rhythmic phrases
    • Suggests fragmented, obsessive thinking
    • Syntax mirrors the psychological state
    • Linguistic rhythm communicates internal tension

    Deeper Psychological Insights:

    • Language as a form of control
    • Naming as a method of psychological possession
    • Sound becomes a metaphorical penetration
    • Linguistic precision masks moral complexity

    Let’s analyze an excerpt from Nabokov’s “Pale Fire” to demonstrate his linguistic psychological portraiture:

    Excerpt from “Pale Fire”: “I was the shadow of the waxwing slain / By the false azure in the windowpane”

    Linguistic and Psychological Analysis:

    1. Metaphorical Construction
    • Transforms personal experience into abstract imagery
    • “Shadow of the waxwing” becomes a multilayered psychological metaphor
    • Suggests themes of perception, illusion, and fatal misunderstanding
    • Bird’s death represents psychological disorientation
    1. Linguistic Precision
    • Each word is carefully selected for maximum emotional resonance
    • “False azure” implies deception at a sensory level
    • Windowpane becomes a symbol of perceptual barriers
    • Language creates a complex emotional landscape in two lines
    1. Psychological Mapping
    • Death metaphor represents psychological fragmentation
    • Suggests inner conflict between perception and reality
    • Bird’s death symbolizes the vulnerability of consciousness
    • Linguistic construction reveals the internal emotional state
    1. Syntactical Nuance
    • Compact, precise language
    • Each word carries multiple semantic layers
    • Rhythm suggests internal psychological tension
    • Minimal words create maximum emotional complexity

    Deeper Insights:

    • Perception as a potentially fatal experience
    • Consciousness as a fragile, easily deceived construct
    • Language as a mechanism of psychological exploration
    • Metaphor as a tool for revealing inner landscapes

    Nabokov transforms a simple image into a profound psychological exploration, using language as a surgical instrument to dissect consciousness.

    Let’s look at Nabokov’s linguistic techniques in “The Luzhin Defense” by focusing on how he creates a psychological portrait of the protagonist through language:

    Key Linguistic Strategies:

    • Depicts Luzhin as a character trapped between mathematical precision and psychological fragility
    • Uses language to illustrate his disconnection from social reality
    • Portrays his inner world through fragmented, geometric linguistic patterns
    • Demonstrates how mental obsession (with chess) shapes perception

    Psychological Conflict Techniques:

    • Language reflects Luzhin’s fracturing consciousness
    • Chess becomes a metaphorical language of psychological survival
    • Linguistic patterns mirror mathematical and chess-like thinking
    • Reveals the inner world through precise, almost clinical description

    Narrative Approach:

    • Treats Luzhin’s psychological state as a complex system
    • Language becomes a method of mapping his internal landscape
    • Demonstrates how rigid thinking creates emotional isolation
    • Uses linguistic precision to expose psychological vulnerability

    Thematic Linguistic Elements:

    • Fragmentation of consciousness
    • Obsessive pattern recognition
    • Emotional disconnection
    • Intellectual isolation

    Unique Characteristics:

    • Language as a structural representation of mental state
    • Syntax that reflects mathematical thinking
    • Emotional depth revealed through intellectual precision
    • Psychological portrait created through linguistic construction

    Core Linguistic Techniques:

    • Describes Luzhin’s perception as a series of geometric patterns
    • Language becomes a chess board of psychological movement
    • Transforms emotional experiences into abstract, structured representations
    • Uses precision to reveal psychological fragmentation

    Specific Narrative Strategies:

    1. Perception as a Mathematical Construct
    • Describes the world as a series of calculated moves
    • Emotions translated into strategic configurations
    • Personal interactions are viewed as complex problem-solving
    • Language mirrors his detached, analytical consciousness
    1. Syntax of Isolation
    • Sentence structures become fragmented
    • Short, precise linguistic constructions
    • Grammatical patterns reflect psychological disconnection
    • Words arranged like chess pieces on an intellectual landscape
    1. Metaphorical Mapping
    • Chess becomes a linguistic metaphor for psychological survival
    • Each interaction is described with strategic precision
    • Personal relationships converted into strategic encounters
    • Language reveals inner defensive mechanisms

    Example Linguistic Technique: “He saw the world as a complex chess problem, each human interaction a potential gambit, each relationship a strategic configuration waiting to be solved.”

    Psychological Revelations Through Language:

    • Intellectual defense as emotional protection
    • Mathematical thinking as a shield against psychological vulnerability
    • Language reveals profound social disconnection
    • Precise description masks deep emotional trauma

    Philosophical Underpinnings:

    • Consciousness as a structured, calculable system
    • Emotional experiences can be mathematically interpreted
    • Human interaction as a series of strategic maneuvers
    • Intellectual precision as a survival mechanism

    Nabokov transforms language into a diagnostic tool, using linguistic precision to map Luzhin’s fractured psychological landscape.

    #5. Use symbolism to tell the story’s meaning in the end

    Sacrifice oil painting
    Sacrifice, 18×24 in, oil on canvas, Veronica Winters

    By paying attention to the subtle details and recurring motifs used as symbols throughout a story, viewers can uncover the hidden layers of a story and gain a more profound understanding of its themes. By using objects, characters, or events to represent abstract ideas, you can create a relatable and unique narrative. Consider the symbolism of the scarlet letter in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet Letter,” which represents Hester Prynne’s sin, shame, and eventual redemption.

    Examples of used symbolism to reveal the story’s meaning in famous movies:

    1. The Matrix:
      • This iconic choice of the red or blue pill symbolizes the decision between reality and illusion, between waking up to the truth or remaining in a comfortable lie.
    2. Inception:
      • Each character has a personal totem, a physical object that can be manipulated in a dream state to distinguish reality from dream. It symbolizes their identity and their struggle to maintain it.
      • The spinning top becomes a symbol of doubt and uncertainty, as its continuous spin leaves the viewer questioning the nature of reality.
    3. Arrival:
      • The alien creatures represent the concept of time and language. Their circular writing system symbolizes the interconnectedness of all moments and the idea that the future can influence the past.
      • The glass of water becomes a symbol of the fragility of life.
    4. Her:
      • The AI companion, Samantha, represents the evolving nature of human connection and the potential for love in the digital age.
      • The sprawling metropolis of LA symbolizes the loneliness and isolation of modern life, contrasting with the intimacy of the protagonist’s relationship with Samantha.
    5. Moonlight:
      • The water is an element that symbolizes the fluidity of identity, the passage of time, and the cleansing power of emotions.
      • The moon represents the hidden depths of the characters’ desires and fears.


    A weak ending can undo the impact of an excellent story. It must end with a message or purpose of the whole story. In stories and novels, the conclusion should resolve conflicts, tie up loose ends, and leave a lasting impression. In academic writing, conclusions often summarize key points and highlight implications. A well-crafted conclusion ensures the story feels complete, emotional, sincere, and thoughtful for the audience.

    Freedom-psychedelic art-Veronica Winters artist
    Freedom, 22x30inches, colored pencil drawing by Veronica Winters

    Applying Storytelling Techniques to your YouTube Videos to create the best content

    YouTube videos, like written stories, can benefit immensely from effective storytelling techniques. Personally, I write scripts to produce any new video I upload to YouTube.

    Here’s how you can apply the five storytelling techniques to your YouTube videos:

    1. Hooking the Viewer with a Compelling Beginning:
      • Engaging Intro: Start with a captivating question, a surprising fact, or a visually striking scene.
      • Strong Thesis Statement: Clearly state the main point of your video within the first 30 seconds.
      • Intriguing Teaser: Promise a solution to a problem or a unique perspective.
    2. Creating Memorable Characters:
      • Relatable Characters: Use yourself as the main character, sharing personal experiences and emotions.
      • Distinct Personalities: Develop unique characters within your videos, whether they are guests, actors, or animated avatars.
      • Character Arcs: Show character growth or transformation throughout the video.
    3. Building Suspense and Tension:
      • Cliffhangers: End segments with a cliffhanger to encourage viewers to watch the next part.
      • Mystery and Intrigue: Tease information or reveal it gradually, building anticipation.
      • Visual and Audio Cues: Use dramatic music, sound effects, and camera angles to heighten tension.
    4. Using Vivid Descriptions and Sensory Details:
      • Visual Storytelling: Use high-quality visuals, including close-ups, wide shots, and dynamic camera movements.
      • Audio Immersion: Employ immersive sound design, including background music, sound effects, and voiceovers.
      • Sensory Language: Describe sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures in a way that evokes emotions.
    5. Unveiling the Story’s Meaning Through Symbolism:
      • Symbolic Imagery: Use objects, colors, or locations to represent deeper meanings.
      • Metaphorical Language: Employ metaphors and similes to convey complex ideas in a relatable way.
      • Subtle Themes: Embed underlying themes throughout the video, such as love, loss, or redemption.

    Additional Tips:

    • Tailor your storytelling style and content to your target audience’s interests and preferences.
    • Maintain a clear and concise structure, avoiding unnecessary tangents.
    • Engage with your audience through comments and feedback, using their insights to improve your storytelling. reply to your comments with questions!
    • Try new storytelling techniques and learn from your mistakes.

    Here are some top YouTubers who are masterful storytellers:

    • Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell: This channel uses animated, fast-paced visuals and narration to explain complex scientific and philosophical concepts.
    • Sam Dawson uses an unusual editing style to communicate his stories.
    • Vice: This channel produces a wide range of documentaries, from investigative journalism to cultural explorations, often featuring immersive storytelling and strong character development.
    • Casey Neistat is known for his cinematic style and honest storytelling, Neistat shares his emotions through personal experiences, travels, and creative projects.
    • Life of Riza: This is a very talented, young YouTuber who vlogs about her daily life experiences through beautiful, cinematic footage and simple stories.
    • Gawx Art: This young artist is a YouTube sensation who built his channel on his artistic approach to storytelling through movie-like videos.
    • National Geographic has well-produced videos about ancient history and more.

    Check out one of my videos where I tell a story about the symbolism of white in art history and life:

    Shop:

    AI Image Generation: pros, cons and amazing tech for the future of humanity

    I don’t know about you but I find the subject of AI image generation fascinating. It’s a new realm of technological advancements, creativity, and ethical issues that many artists grapple with today. AI Art Generators like Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, Deep Dream Generator, and Dall-E 2 are popular tools, allowing users to create stunning images from simple text prompts. Although I’m not a scientist or software engineer, I’m interested in learning about this groundbreaking technology of AI image generation.

    There is a growing concern about the use of AI. Joe Rogan often expresses his fear of humanity being taken over by machines. As AI art becomes more sophisticated, there are serious concerns about copyright infringement, the potential for misuse, and the impact on us, real artists. While these are valid concerns, I think this topic is more nuanced and each question might have a different solution.

    Joe Rogan fan art
    Joe Rogan, oil painting, 16x20in, Veronica Winters

    Advantages of using AI art generators:

    As a creator myself, I think that the AI image generation has several unique advantages that are not obvious. First of all, it’s a great tool to explore your creativity. Just like by looking at original art, you may feel inspired and hopeful by looking at generated images. There is quick satisfaction from the image generation process as you type in a text and see the immediate result on the screen with your participation. Therefore, AI image generation can offer instant psychological help when needed. I often render images when I feel down and need positive energy. To create art, you must dedicate considerable time to learning the skill, while AI image generation takes a few seconds to give instant results.

    Other obvious advantages include the low cost of image creation for small businesses, increased productivity for creators and video editors, a tool for the movie creation process, and a new income stream for companies selling generative AI models. Overall, it’s an exciting evolution in human development!

    blue lily dream-veronica winters colored pencil
    Blue lily dream, 20×30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters

    I believe that Ai won’t replace us, humans and artists in terms of creativity, emotions, and intelligence. The reason is simple. We have a Divine Spark of the Creator or Higher Consciousness inside us that the algorithms and machines don’t possess. Is it possible to program emotions into the AI model to make it feel joy, excitement or suffering? Is it possible for AI models develop attachment, sense of meaning and time, or feelings of passion or loss? Can it become self-aware? Even if a complete awareness is possible for it, will AI models search for their true meaning or experience a crisis like a human being? It could probably learn to see the beautiful but unable to appreciate the miracle of life. What’s real is the legitimate fear of misuse and biased training of the AI-generative models.

    Drawbacks:

    I understand that many artists are frustrated with the use of AI art. It’s already tough to make a living doing art and this AI art generation idea feels like an assault on our creativity and job security. Sometimes, I get angry comments about my rare use of AI-generated images in videos to illustrate concepts. Other times, artists lash out at other artists who use AI to create digital art.

    Besides legitimate ethical concerns about copyright infringement of original art taken without the artist’s permission to train the models, artists lose some freelance jobs that usually help us offset studio costs. For example, many writers self-publish today and don’t need to hire an artist for their book and cover illustration anymore. Music album covers, posters and marketing materials can be done with the AI image generators, leaving real artists scrapping by or searching for other paying gigs. Freelance photographers may be undercut doing product photography gigs as these images can be rendered. It takes many years to master the artistic skill, yet it passed by for a shiny object of AI image generation.

    Also, AI image generators need a constant stream of new, quality data to create better imagery. Therefore, original art gets scrapped from all major social media platforms and image databases without the artist’s permission. Artists are not paid to “give” their images as we normally see in licensing agreements, yet these AI companies generate revenue by selling their services to us. I think this issue would be resolved legally at some point.

    Finally, as humans program the models, we can see social biases in the generated images. Remember, the first images generated by Google’s AI? These were black Nazies, popes, Vikings, and the Founding Fathers!

    AI-generated Image in Deep Dream Generator

    Brief History

    Deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) imaging have evolved significantly since their inception. The origins of AI trace back to the mid-20th century, when Alan Turing’s 1950 paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence, laid the foundation for machine learning concepts. In the 1950s and 1960s, pioneers like Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy developed early AI models, and coined the term “artificial intelligence” during the 1956 Dartmouth Workshop. Deep learning, a subset of AI, gained traction in the 1980s with Geoffrey Hinton’s revolutionary backpropagation algorithm, which allowed neural networks to adjust their weights through feedback. Hinton, along with Yann LeCun and Yoshua Bengio, is often regarded as one of the “godfathers of AI” for his contributions to deep learning. The modern renaissance of AI imaging began in the 2010s, fueled by advances in deep neural networks and datasets like ImageNet, developed by Fei-Fei Li, which enabled machines to surpass human capabilities in image recognition by 2015.

    Deep learning’s impact on AI imaging has been transformative, enabling innovations across diverse fields such as medicine, biotech, art, and entertainment. Techniques like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), introduced by LeCun in the late 1980s, revolutionized image processing by mimicking how the human brain interprets visual information. Today, tools like GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks), popularized by Ian Goodfellow in 2014, create hyper-realistic AI-generated images. For those delving into the technical depths of these advancements, resources like course notes provide invaluable insights into the concepts and methodologies that drive this ever-evolving field. As AI imaging continues to evolve, it remains a testament to decades of innovation, collaboration, and curiosity in the pursuit of intelligent machines.

    The process of AI image generation

    AI image generation is a complex process. It involves training the Model and then using Image Generation.

    To train the Model, companies collect a massive dataset of quality images and their corresponding text descriptions. Feature learning involves the AI model analyzing the images and text descriptions to learn patterns, styles, and relationships between visual and textual elements. The model training consists of deep learning, specifically using neural networks. This training process involves adjusting the model’s parameters to minimize the difference between its generated images and the real images in the dataset. The model needs a constant stream of quality data.

    To generate the Image, the user enters a text prompt or description and the AI creates the visual result. It’s fascinating to learn that the AI starts with a random noise image, which is essentially a matrix of random numbers. The model iteratively refines the noise image based on the text prompt and its learned knowledge. It adjusts the pixels in the image to match the desired features, styles, and objects described in the prompt. After multiple iterations, the model produces a final image that aligns with the user’s input.

    Types of AI image-generation techniques:

    1. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): This technique involves two neural networks, a generator and a discriminator. The generator creates images, while the discriminator evaluates their realism. This competition between the two networks leads to the generation of increasingly realistic images.
    2. Diffusion Models: These models start with a noisy image and gradually remove the noise to reveal the underlying image structure, guided by the text prompt.
    3. Transformer-Based Models: These models, inspired by natural language processing, are tools for understanding the relationships between text and image.

    The simplified process of AI image generation:

    1. Text Encoding: The text prompt is broken down into smaller units, or tokens. Each token is mapped to a numerical representation (embedding), capturing its semantic meaning.

    2. Image Encoding: The AI model analyzes a vast dataset of images to learn visual features like shapes, colors, and textures. These features are compressed into a latent space, a mathematical representation of the image’s essence.

    3. Text-to-Image Translation: Text embedding guides the generation process, directing the model to create an image that aligns with the prompt’s meaning. The model iteratively refines the image, starting from a random noise image and gradually shaping it into the desired output.

    4. Image Generation: The latent space representation is decoded into a pixel-level image. Techniques like super-resolution and noise reduction may be applied to enhance the final image quality.

    The Mathematical Underpinnings:

    AI image generation relies on:

    • Matrix Operations: To manipulate and process the numerical representations of images and text.
    • Gradient Descent: To optimize the model’s parameters and minimize the difference between the generated image and the desired output.
    • Probability Distributions: To model the uncertainty in the image generation process.
    • Loss Functions: To measure the discrepancy between the generated image and the ground truth.

    What does latent space look like?


    A latent space is a high-dimensional mathematical space where data, such as images or text, is represented in a compressed form. It’s a bit like a hidden world where similar data points are clustered together. It’s difficult to visualize this latent space. However, techniques like t-SNE (t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) and UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) can reduce the dimensionality of the space into 2D or 3D representations. These visualizations can provide insights into the structure of the latent space and how different data points relate to each other.  

    A simplified visual analogy of the latent space can be a city map. Each point on the map represents a specific location. The map itself is a 2D representation of a 3D space (the city). Similarly, a latent space is a multidimensional representation of data, where each point corresponds to a specific data point (e.g., an image or a text document).

    As a result, latent spaces often have many dimensions. Data is compressed into a lower-dimensional space, capturing the essential features. Similar data points are clustered together in the latent space, reflecting their semantic similarity. By manipulating points in the latent space, the model can generate new data points – images, and text. While we cannot directly “see” this hidden, latent space, understanding how it works is crucial for developing advanced AI models.

    https://www.ai.codersarts.com/multivariate-analysis

    Neural networks & deep learning

    Neural Networks

    A neural network is a computing system inspired by the biological neural network of the human brain. It consists of interconnected nodes, or neurons, organized into layers. These layers process information in a sequential manner, from input to output.

    How Neural Networks work:

    1. The input layer receives data.
    2. The input data passes through the hidden layers, where each neuron applies a weighted sum of its inputs and activates if the result exceeds a threshold. This is called propagation.
    3. The final layer produces the output, which can be a classification, a regression value, or another type of prediction.
    4. Backpropagation is a learning algorithm that adjusts the weights and biases of the network to minimize the error between the predicted output and the actual output.  

    Deep Learning

    Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks with multiple layers to learn complex patterns from large datasets. The “deep” in deep learning refers to the multiple layers of neurons in the network.   In essence, deep learning leverages the power of neural networks with multiple layers to tackle complex problems that were previously difficult to solve.

    How Deep Learning works:

    1. Deep learning models learn features at multiple levels of abstraction which constitutes hierarchical learning.
    2. The models automatically learn relevant features from the data without explicit feature engineering (feature learning).
    3. Deep learning models can learn end-to-end mappings from raw input to output.

    How Deep Learning is used:

    • Image and Video Recognition: Object detection, image classification, and video analysis.
    • Natural Language Processing: Language translation, sentiment analysis, and text generation.
    • Speech Recognition: Speech-to-text conversion and voice assistants.
    • Autonomous Vehicles: Self-driving cars and drones. Deep learning enables autonomous vehicles, such as drones and self-driving cars, to navigate complex environments and make real-time decisions.
    • Robotics: Deep learning can be used to develop robots capable of performing tasks in dangerous or inaccessible environments, such as bomb disposal or search and rescue operations.
    • Military & Security applications: Image and video analysis, signal intelligence, and cybersecurity. Deep learning algorithms can analyze vast amounts of satellite imagery, drone footage, and other visual data to identify patterns, anomalies, and potential threats. Deep learning can be used to analyze intercepted communications, such as phone calls, emails, and social media posts, to extract valuable intelligence. Deep learning can detect and respond to cyber threats, such as malware attacks and data breaches, by analyzing network traffic and identifying malicious patterns.
    • Predictive Maintenance: Deep learning can predict equipment failures, allowing for proactive maintenance and reducing downtime. Deep learning can optimize supply chains by predicting demand, reducing waste, and improving efficiency.
    • Training and Simulation: Deep learning can create highly realistic, individualized simulations for training soldiers and pilots.
    • Surveillance and Security: Deep learning can do facial recognition to identify individuals in real time, enabling law enforcement to track suspects and monitor public spaces. It can also detect objects of interest in surveillance footage, such as weapons or suspicious behavior.

    Core Technical Skills:

    If you are interested in getting a job in this field, these are some of the requirements. A deep understanding of machine learning concepts, including supervised and unsupervised learning, neural networks, and deep learning. Proficiency in deep learning frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch to build and train complex neural networks. Strong programming skills in Python, as it’s the primary language used in machine learning and AI. A solid grasp of linear algebra and calculus is essential for understanding the underlying principles of neural networks and optimization algorithms. Also, knowledge of data cleaning, preprocessing, and analysis techniques is crucial for preparing datasets for training. Plus,

    Specialized Skills:

    • Generative Models: Familiarity with generative models like GANs, VAEs, and diffusion models, and their applications in image and text generation.
    • Latent Space Manipulation: Understanding how to navigate and manipulate latent spaces to generate new data, interpolate between existing data points, and control the style and content of generated outputs.
    • Computer Vision: Knowledge of computer vision techniques for image processing, feature extraction, and object recognition.
    • Natural Language Processing (NLP): For text-to-image generation, a strong foundation in NLP is necessary to understand and process text prompts.

    Updating the Model with datasets:

    AI image generation models require regular updates with new, quality data to improve their performance and generate more diverse and realistic images. These updates can involve adding new images and text descriptions to the model’s training data that can help it learn new styles, concepts, and techniques. It also improves the diversity of image generation capabilities. Regular updates lead to better image quality, style, faster image generation, coherence, and accuracy.

    What Happens Without Updates?

    If an AI image generation model doesn’t receive regular updates, it may experience stagnation of image generation. Image quality declines and the model becomes biased towards the original dataset it was trained on.

    Publicly Available Datasets include:

    • ImageNet: A large database of images organized according to a hierarchical taxonomy.
    • COCO (Common Objects in Context): A dataset containing images with object annotations and scene captions.
    • LAION-5B: A massive dataset of images and text descriptions scraped from the internet.

    User-generated content includes social media platforms and online forums like Instagram, X, Reddit, 4chan, etc. Proprietary Datasets include companies’ private datasets that they use for AIgenerative training.

    In this podcast episode about the AI model named ‘Claude’, Lex Fridman interviews Dario Amodei, the CEO of Anthropic, a public benefit corporation dedicated to building AI systems. They discuss the fast-paced development of AI systems, datasets, ethics, model training, etc. Amodei earned his doctorate in biophysics from Princeton University as a Hertz Fellow and was a postdoctoral scholar at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was a VP of Research at OpenAI and worked at Google Brain as a Senior Research Scientist.

    In his essay, Machines of Loving Grace, Amodei sees great potential in the development of AI systems, especially in biology. He predicts that AI-enabled biology and medicine will compress the progress of 100 years into 5-10 years! In his essay, Amodei discusses a lot of different applications for AI models to help people live up to 150 years. Can he do it?

    Who invented the AI image generation?


    While many researchers and engineers have contributed to the development of AI image generation techniques, Ian Goodfellow seems to be the first figure who made a significant breakthrough in the development of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in 2014. GANs revolutionized AI image generation by enabling the creation of highly realistic and diverse images.

    Who invented facial recognition?

    The pioneers of facial recognition technology were Woody Bledsoe, Helen Chan Wolf, and Charles Bisson. They began their groundbreaking work in the 1960s, focusing on teaching computers to recognize human faces.

    Their early experiments involved manually marking facial features on photographs and feeding this data into a computer. While the technology was primitive by today’s standards, it laid the foundation for the advanced facial recognition systems we have today.

    I found this fascinating episode about the early history of facial recognition technology. Karthik Cannon co-founded a facial recognition and computer vision startup called Envision. They make AI software with glasses for visually impaired people. The glasses read text, recognize objects, and do voice descriptions of the surroundings. He also has programmed the glasses to recognize and describe human faces! This project has built on the research of Woody Bledsoe, an obscure mathematician and computer scientist living in 1960s America, who did a lot of mathematical research about facial recognition.

    While his body was ravaged by ALS and he couldn’t speak, Woody left his research papers in the garage for his son to discover. He left tons of images of people’s faces marked with math equations. Also, thousands of photos of marked-up, rotating faces he studied while he worked at the University of Texas. Woody had worked in a start-up in Palo Alto before his university career began, where he and his friends explored crazy ideas, among them pattern recognition. To sustain his company financially, Woody got support from CIA companies to work on facial recognition research over the years. The podcast episode discusses the complex facial recognition process Woody went through. When his company went out of business, he received a project to work on facial recognition for law enforcement, matching mug shots with potential criminals utilizing computer software that cut on time 100-fold!

    Because of the CIA’s sponsorship of his company & research, Woody couldn’t publish any of his findings to make them public. As a result, it fell into obscurity for decades before interest in this subject re-emerged.

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Create, a colored pencil drawing, 19×25 inches

    How much power does it take to generate one image?

    The amount of energy required to generate a single AI image can vary significantly depending on several factors, including:

    • More complex models, like Stable Diffusion XL, consume more energy than simpler ones.
    • Higher-resolution images require more computational power and energy.
    • The number of iterations the model goes through to refine the image affects energy consumption.
    • The efficiency of the hardware and software used can impact energy usage.

    Generally, a single AI image can consume anywhere from 0.01 to 0.29 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy. Because of energy use, big techs like Amazon and Microsoft are exploring new options for building or reopening nuclear plants to support their AI systems.

    What computers are used for AI image generation?

    AI image generation is typically performed on computers with powerful graphics processing units (GPUs). These processors handle complex mathematical calculations and parallel processing. Common computers used for AI image generation include High-Performance Computing (HPC) Systems. These are large-scale systems with multiple servers often used by research institutions and big tech to train and run complex AI models. High-end gaming PCs with GPUs can be used for AI image generation for small projects and personal use. Popular GPUs for AI image generation include NVIDIA’s RTX series. Cloud computing platforms like Google Cloud, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Microsoft Azure provide access to powerful computing resources, including GPUs. This allows users to rent computing power on demand.

    Similarities and Differences in Logical Processes Between AI and Humans in Image Generation

    While AI image generation has made significant strides, its underlying logic differs from human creativity in several ways.

    Similarities:
    1. Both AI and humans excel at recognizing patterns. AI models are trained on vast datasets of images, allowing them to identify recurring patterns like shapes, colors, and textures. Humans, too, learn to recognize patterns from their experiences and observations.

    2. Both AI and humans learn from experience. AI models improve their image generation capabilities by training on more data and refining their algorithms. Similarly, human artists learn from their mistakes, experiment with different techniques, and refine their skills over time.


    Differences:
    1. AI relies heavily on data to learn patterns and generate images. It lacks a deep understanding of the world and often struggles with abstract concepts. Humans can generate images based on abstract concepts, emotions, and imagination, even without specific visual references.
    2. AI struggles with understanding context and nuance in prompts. It may generate images that are technically correct but lack the emotional depth that a human artist can convey. People can interpret prompts with subtle sensitivity, considering culture, and history but most importantly, personal experiences and emotions that are channeled through original art.
    3. While AI can generate creative and innovative images, its creativity is limited by the quality of data it’s trained on. Artists are unique and can think outside the box and feel and process their emotions to generate original art.

    Moonlight, 22x30in, closeup, colored pencil on art board, Veronica Winters

    How does this technology generate revenue for companies?

    1. Companies sell AI-generated art to consumers as art prints or digital downloads.
    2. Companies can license AI-generated art to other businesses for use in advertising, marketing materials, or product design.
    3. Companies can offer AI art generation services to clients, charging fees for creating custom images based on specific prompts.
    4. Many companies develop and sell software tools that allow users to create their AI-generated art. Other companies, incorporate AI image generation into their final product.
    5. Companies integrate AI Art into other products they offer, like video games, virtual reality, and design software.
    6. Companies also collect data from user interactions with AI art tools, which can be used to improve the technology and generate insights for future products and services.

    Potential future applications of AI-generated images for companies to make money:

    1. While content creation and marketing might become dominated by AI-driven art to cut costs and raise efficiency, human creativity, and emotional and thought processes can’t be replaced with AI. Thus, I believe that humans will always be in charge of originality but have AI models as a tool to speed up the creative process and deliver results.
    2. AI can generate high-quality product images, reducing the need for expensive photo shoots. Some products we see in magazines and ads feature extreme close-ups. These are often 3D renders, not real pictures, like images of diamonds, watches, jewelry, etc. AI might generate similar images much faster being cost-efficient.
    3. AI image generation will be used in game development and virtual reality experiences.
    4. Product visualization is a natural extension of the online shopping experience.
    5. AI can generate initial design concepts in architecture and design projects. AI can create realistic visualizations of interior design concepts, helping people visualize space.
    6. AI can generate realistic simulations for training purposes, improving safety and efficiency.

    In conclusion:

    I think humanity will benefit greatly from AI systems, just like from having computers or automation. While AI can generate creative and innovative images, its creativity is limited by the dataset quality it’s trained on. Artists are unique and can think outside the box and feel and process their emotions to CREATE original art. Art is always based on layers of personal experiences and feelings that the machines don’t possess. Also, artists create tangible art while AI pictures exist in digital format that can be printed, of course, but AI art lacks the physicality of paint or other art materials used in the art creation process. We’ve already seen plenty of bad movies probably based on AI writing ( the 2nd season of Locki, the latest Marvell movies, endless series on Netflix and Amazon that lack originality, etc).

    We won’t see the birth of innovative artists inside the AI models because only our reality can give rise to such creative people. True innovators like the facial recognition trailblazer, and mathematician Woody Bledsoe were way ahead of their time but paved the way to a better future. And while all innovative applications can be used for good and bad, I hope AI tech will end up in good hands, letting societies flourish.

    • Tech parts of this article were written with the help of Gemini.
    visionary art for sale
    https://veronicasart.com/shop/

    Top 5 Christmas gift ideas for content creators, artists & photographers

    Christmas time is the best time of the year. We want to give something special to our family and friends. I’d like to include unusual gifts for him and her here that are more than the art supplies section, although getting a box of great art supplies is a big Christmas gift!!! In this post, I’m going to include artful gifts for artists and photo/video enthusiasts, content creators, and alike. These products are not cheap but of good if not excellent quality and can serve you for years to come. You can buy them all on Amazon. Links are included below. Let’s dive in.

    Must-have Photo & video art studio equipment on a budget:

    #1 FTF Gear Compact Aluminum DSLR Camera Tripod and Monopod

    I like this tripod because it’s stable. There are so many tripods out there that are flimsy and not suitable for a DSLR camera. This one is. I also love that it’s so compact and portable! It fits in a very small bag that comes with it that I can take with me whenever I travel. It loads up to 20 lbs of weight and comes with a mount for your phone as well. It’s made of aluminum and weighs under 3 pounds. Center support can be converted into a stand-alone monopod. There is a hook under it that allows for the placement of additional weight like a backpack if you’re hiking and want to add more weight to the tripod to stabilize it even more. It stretches much higher than a regular tripod and can sit super low, almost at the ground level if you want to shoot something from a different perspective.

    The only thing I don’t like about this tripod is that it does take longer to set it up because of all the adjustable points in it. It takes a while to learn what knob to screw or unscrew. Otherwise, I’m glad I bought it for my studio. I can see that I’d been using it for many years.

    If FTF Gear Tripod is sold out on Amazon, I think that this one, K&F Concept 72″/184cm lightweight Camera Tripod, looks very similar to mine. It’s a bit cheaper too!

    #2 SanDisk 128GB Extreme PRO SDXC UHS-I Memory Card

    Even if you’re not a photographer, you can use these memory cards with your computer for storage. Just plug in, drag, and drop files from your computer to those cards. They come in different sizes and price varies quite a lot. 128 GB is under $25 and 1TB is $139. You can pick the size of the card on Amazon. SanDisk Cards work very well and I often travel with them. Just be mindful that they do stop working in a few years because of solar flare damage and other issues.

    Photo & Video Lighting:

    #3 Newkana LED Lamp

    This lamp will elevate your lighting experience because it features adjustable brightness, high-quality design, LED lifespan of up to 40,000 hours, gesture control, occupancy sensor (lights on when you sit down, off when you leave), night light, timer off, and auto-brightness adjustment. The desk light can be positioned at multiple angles. It can be placed way above the head to give a nice and even illumination. It has a stable base and is ideal for work at the desk, doing small painting, crafting, jewelry-making, or nail art.

    I made a separate video review of the Newkana LED desk lamp.

    #4 Lume Cube Bicolor Panel Mini LED Light for Professional DSLR Cameras

    This is a very small but powerful LED light lamp that fits in your pocket. It also mounts to a DSLR camera or any other mount that you have in your art and content creator studio. You can use it both inside and outside. It has a very nice, adjustable brightness and color temperature ranging from 3200K to 5600K. Its battery lasts for several hours but for extended use, simply plug it in and continue creating if you are out of battery time. This portable LED light comes with an extra light panel diffuser and shoe mount, designed for seamless integration with your LED video light. It charges via a USB port. I usually use it to have an additional light on my face or as a light for my Nikon to shoot outdoors at dusk.

    #5 VILTROX LED Photography Tube Light

    This is a very versatile colorful light that you can use all around your studio and beyond. The light is bright but adjustable. There are many settings and colors to choose from and I have lots of fun using it in my video and photography. It charges via a USB port and it can be mounted if needed. Its length is about 22.7 inches (57.8cm). It’s light to carry around in a soft bag. You can use it with the app but I normally set it directly. 

    Bonus: colored pencils box & art instruction books

    Prismacolor Premier colored pencils, I recommend a box of 36 or 72 colors. This is an official store page on Amazon where you can pick your favorite box.

    The Colored Pencil Manual is an art instruction book

    colored pencil manual veronica winters
    https://amzn.to/3xoJjbi

    How to Color Like an Artist is a coloring book that teaches you some awesome colored pencil drawing techniques.

    This wraps it up for now. I hope you just have found your favorite art gift!

    Check out art shop here: https://veronicasart.com/shop/

    What every artist needs: create with KraftGeek adjustable art easel

    KraftGeek easel review

    The moment I sit down at my easel to create art is magical. Time flows into numerous strokes of color to tell a story of hope, loneliness, and my inner need to capture the divine nature of the Universe.  We all have the light and dark inside us, but our will or choice to do anything in life is real. Some unknown forces or mysteries don’t guide us. We are here to do what we set out to create ourselves.

    KraftGeek art easel review

    If you love artistic expression as much as I do and enjoy painting outdoors or in your studio, a stable but portable easel is necessary for every artist.

    The advantages:

    The easel is adjustable and unfolds up to 65 inches tall. It measures 2.2″D x 3.9″W x 19.87″H and is available in 3 colors: oak, black, and walnut. I like functional things. The art easel weighs under 4 pounds and can fit in carry-on luggage. Made of lightweight aluminum alloy, it can be folded to just 20 inches. The easel is easy to set up, carry around, or store in a closet.

    This plein air easel requires no assembly. Just take it out of your box, unfold it, and set it up for a painting session or a gallery presentation.

    It can fit on a table. It can also be used as a floor easel because I can adjust its length between 20 and 65 inches.

    https://youtu.be/nmCTHH7I3Wc

    How to unfold it:


    1. Unfold the front legs of the tripod
    2. Unfold the back leg
    3. To unlock the rod, turn it clockwise, pull & turn counterclockwise
    4. To unlock the clamp extension, turn the knob counterclockwise. Turn it clockwise to fasten it.

    The most important thing about art easels is their stability.  This one doesn’t disappoint. The easel has locks and non-slip silicone pads on each leg to hold art up to 11 lbs.

    It can also level your canvas on uneven surfaces, which is useful if you paint outdoors.

    The easel can hold a variety of canvases up to 3/4 of an inch wide. It holds canvas sizes up to 10.5” in width, and 24” in height. It’s NOT suitable for small panels like 5×7″, 8×10″, or 9×12″. So you can use it for art gallery displays,  outdoor painting, and studio work.

    This easel has a pleasantly surprising additional feature. If you need a tripod for your phone, camera, or light, it comes with a mount to hold the phone while recording. 

    To activate a 2-year limited warranty, scan a code attached to the easel inside the box.

    KraftGeek easel review

    The disadvantages: 

    1 Some parts are made of plastic and I don’t know how long they would last.
    2 It cannot hold big and heavy art but no foldable easel can.

    3 It doesn’t hold small canvases horizontally like 5×7, 8×10, 9×12.
    4 Also, It’s not cheap. But I’m tired of crappy stands that fall off and can’t even balance small canvases. I figured it’s more valuable to buy one solid easel instead of 2-3 cheap ones that end up in a trash bin anyway.

     Enhance your creativity with this steady and functional easel sold by KraftGeek.

    To Shop:

    If you’re interested in purchasing this beautiful easel on Amazon & supporting my channel, please use the link https://amzn.to/4esAigS . Or buy it at their store online: https://bit.ly/4fdcRJO Use the discount Code: VERONICA to get it at a better price.

    Thank you!  I hope you enjoy the creative process using this easel!

    6 Reasons to use high-quality art printing services for your art collection

    art miami 2018, spoke art
    Spoke Art gallery, the art fair in Miami.

    Sometimes it’s unclear what the difference is between art print companies, especially if you compare them online. However, all of us can agree that high-quality printing can make or break the display of a piece. High-resolution, well-crafted prints bring art to life, capturing the vibrancy, details, and textures that a lower-quality print might miss. With advancements in printing technology, fine art printing has evolved into a specialized service. In this guide, we’ll explore the benefits of using high-quality art printing services and why it’s worth the investment for collectors and creators.

    #1 Maintaining Originality and Detail

    A major benefit of high-quality art printing services is the ability to reproduce broad and accurate color spectrum, contrast and details of the original, fine art. Standard printing processes may fail to capture super fine brushstrokes, texture, and shifts in tone that create a special feeling when we look at art. So art printing companies that use high-resolution giclée or specialized pigment-based inks can offer reasonable fidelity.

    If you plan on using the art printing service yourself, you must have a high-resolution, digital file to print from that’s at least 300 dpi and saved as a png or raw file. jpegs are compressed images and the file compression may show up printing large posters.

    Sir Frederic Leighton, La Nanna

    #2 Using Archival-Grade Materials

    Archival-grade materials are designed to last decades without fading, yellowing, or warping. This level of durability is essential for anyone looking to keep their art prints in pristine condition over the long term, especially when they are limited-edition or rare art prints. Companies like the Stackhouse printing use the highest-quality materials for colorful art reproductions that can last over 100 years without fading under museum conditions.

    Always keep your art and prints away from a direct sunlight, artificial light, high humidity and changing room temperature conditions. Art and prints fade, crack and warp if they're not custom-framed with archival, non-glare plexiglass and backing.

    Archival materials used for printing add an extra layer of protection, helping fine prints resist the effects of light and moisture, thereby preserving their beauty and market value. When you shop for a printer, ask what supplies they use because paper must be pH-neutral not to yellow over time.

    Moonlight, 22x30in, closeup, colored pencil on art board, Veronica Winters

    #3 Using Advanced Printing Techniques

    Companies that create high-quality art prints use advanced printing techniques. Some of these methods include:


    Giclée Printing: A technique known for its exceptional quality, giclée printing uses pigment-based inks and high-resolution printers. This method is popular among artists and art collectors due to its ability to render incredibly detailed reproductions that mimic the look and feel of the original piece.
    UV-Protective Coatings: UV coatings shield prints from sunlight, which can fade colors over time. This added layer of protection is necessary for prints displayed in well-lit spaces or under direct lighting. Printing companies like the Stackhouse use these advanced methods for high-end art reproductions.

    #4 Having Customization


    Customization is a big advantage of working with a high-quality art printing service. Standard printing services often have limited choices in sizes, framing, and finish. A specialized art print shop can print pictures in a requested size. It’s invaluable for art collectors aiming to match a print to their collection’s theme or display needs, as well as for artists wanting to maintain complete control over the presentation of their work for a show.

    If you plan to make a large order, ask for a test run of your pictures. I'm sure the shop could print a sample for you to appreciate their quality.

    #5 Enhancing the Viewer’s Experience

    Usually, we can distinguish between the art print and the original when we look at art in person. The emotional impact is lost in art reproductions. However, today advanced printing techniques are so good that high-quality prints can evoke similar emotions as the original piece. If you go to the Miami Art Context you can look at gigantic photographs that have beautiful detail, color, contrast, and sharpness. Sometimes art galleries display printed digital art that looks impressive because of high-definition in prints. The quality is so perfect that it looks like art, not a print.

    javier bellomo coria_face_art miami 2017
    Javier Bellomo Coria, Face, Miami Art Fait, 2017

    #6 Offering Long-Term Value and Investment Protection

    Both limited-edition prints and rare art prints could become a valuable investment when these art prints are signed by a famous artist. Such prints may appreciate in value over time because the artist gains recognition. Therefore, it’s important to know if they were printed with high-quality inks, paper, and UV coating to ensure longevity and peace of mind, knowing that art prints will continue to hold their value and appeal.

    Andy Warhol’s silkscreen print seen at the auction in Naples, FL
    You must understand the difference between a giclee print and a hand-pulled lithograph or silkscreen. Both types of prints can be signed by a famous artist, but the first one is a computer-generated print, while lithographs, silkscreens and intaglios are hand-made prints pulled through the press. Done in multiples, these prints should have a much higher price point as opposed to a giclee print.

    Next time you see a beautiful art print, ask its owner where it got printed. I keep a short list of businesses that offer different art services. For anyone serious about their collection or artistic portfolio, investing in a professional art printing service is a decision that pays off in the quality and satisfaction of each piece produced.

    Check out open-edition prints in my shop.

    To read more:

    Exploring the Role of AI in Educational Image Generation & Writing

    Emerging artificial intelligence is quickly changing our perception of reality. While the full potential of AI language models is yet to be discovered, the most straightforward application of emerging AI language models is education. Numerous pieces of information are sorted out, organized, and presented concisely. Children and teachers have instant access to information along with image-generation capabilities like we have never seen before.

    New approach to education for better or worse

    AI image generation is becoming a novel tool for creating educational materials. With the ability to generate high-quality images using AI models, teachers can now illustrate abstract concepts with visuals. Hard-to-find images otherwise can quickly be generated to explain history, math, or bio diagrams. As AI language models take hold in our society, many start-up companies have emerged offering writing services to students of different age groups. All students need to master writing skills to be successful in the future, and these companies seem to have a new approach to essay writing. In this context, Papersowl can be called the best essay writing service. Thanks to its writers, you can quickly get professional help when writing texts with any difficulty. This may save you time in preparation for exams or other school activities.

    Here are some creative essay topic ideas for school:

    Fantasy and Sci-Fi:

    • If you could invent a new superpower, what would it be and how would you use it?
    • Write a short story about a world where animals can talk.
    • Imagine a future where humans have colonized Mars. What challenges would they face?
    • Create a new myth or legend about a mythical creature.

    Personal Experiences and Reflections:

    • Write a letter to your future self.
    • If you could travel back in time, where would you go and why?

    Social and Cultural Issues:

    • What is the most important issue facing our world today?
    • If you could change one thing about the world, what would it be?

    Creative Writing Prompts:

    • Write a story from the perspective of an inanimate object.
    • Create a new holiday and describe its traditions.
    • Write a poem about a specific emotion or experience.
    • Write a short story that takes place in a dream world.

    William Sergeant Kendall, art interlude, 1907, oil on canvas, American Art Museum at the Smithsonian
    William Sergeant Kendall, art interlude, 1907, oil on canvas, American Art Museum at the Smithsonian

    Benefits of Using Image-Generative AI in Education

    AI image generation can be a valuable tool in educational settings, offering several benefits:

    1. Enhanced Visual Learning: AI can create custom images that illustrate complex concepts, making them easier to understand and remember. AI-generated art can be adapted to suit various needs, including those of students with visual impairments. Artificial intelligence makes complex topics easier to understand through detailed visual simulations.
    2. Limitless Creativity & Inspiration boost: Students can feel inspired and interested in learning by actively participating in image generation that includes fantastic, never-before-seen imagery.
    3. Efficient Content Creation: Teachers used to spend hours searching for appropriate visual content. AI can quickly generate images, reducing the time and effort required for teachers and students to create visual materials for varied subjects and topics.

    Technology Solutions for Teachers

    Various platforms offer the integration of AI education tools for creating educational images. They facilitate the creation of diagrams, maps, or even realistic three-dimensional models that can be used in classroom and online courses.  Here are some examples.

    • Canva AI, software allows you to create infographics with the help of AI.
    • DALL-E specializes in generating realistic images from text descriptions.
    • ThingLink creates interactive visualizations that can be adapted to different topics and age groups.

    Google Gemini’s top text prompts for AI image generation that can be used in a school classroom:

    History

    • “A medieval knight fighting a dragon in a realistic style”
    • “A futuristic city with flying cars and skyscrapers”
    • “A historical reenactment of the American Revolution”

    Science

    • “A microscopic view of a cell”
    • “A solar system with realistic planets and stars”
    • “A diagram of the water cycle”

    Math

    • “A visual representation of the Pythagorean Theorem”
    • “A 3D model of a geometric shape”
    • “A graph showing the relationship between two variables”

    Language Arts

    • “A fantasy landscape with a magical castle”
    • “A character from a book, illustrated in a specific art style”
    • “A scene from a famous novel, depicted in a realistic style”

    General Education

    • “A diverse group of students working together on a project”
    • “A teacher explaining a concept to a class of students”
    • “A student reading a book in a library”

    Tips for Effective Prompting:

    • Be specific: The more specific your prompt, the better the results. For example, instead of “a dog,” try “a golden retriever puppy playing in a park.”
    • Use keywords: Use keywords that are relevant to the image you want to generate. For example, if you want a historical picture, use keywords like “historical,” “medieval,” or “ancient.”
    • Experiment with different styles: AI image generators can produce images in a variety of styles, from realistic to abstract.
    • Use negative prompts: Negative prompts can help you to exclude certain elements from your image. For example, if you don’t want a specific object in your image, you can use a negative prompt like “no object” or ” no signature.”

    By using these tips, you can create more accurate images to enhance learning in the classroom.

    Ethics & Challenges

    1. Intellectual property issues: copyright issues arise from artists whose art is taken to train the AI models. The use of AI images can cause disputes over who owns the rights to content, the algorithm developer, the platform, or the user.
    2. Representation issues: AI does not always generate historically or culturally correct images and teachers must be aware of the model’s biases in image generation.
    3. Dependence on tech: excessive use of artificial intelligence can lead to interest fatigue and a decrease in creativity among teachers and students who try to cut corners in favor of quick results. Tech can’t replace passion for the learning process, it can only complement it.
    4. Cheating by students using AI-language models.

    Conclusion

    The development of artificial intelligence, particularly in education, gives new opportunities to improve the learning process and make it engaging, interactive, and personalized. However, technology can’t replace human effort, passion, genuine creativity, and willingness to learn.

    Written by Linda Crouse & Veronica Winters

    Shop original visionary art & prints:

    How to boost your reach on Instagram

    We all know that the reach on Instagram has declined tremendously. While I think that the golden days of Instagram are over, there are many things you can tweak on your art account to receive more views and followers. I include many tips that you would normally pay for in a course but I decided to make the majority of information available for free on my blog and YouTube. I’d appreciate it if you rate this podcast on Apple and Spotify. Links are below. Thank you!

    The YouTube video guides you visually: https://youtu.be/p_ZxkNDo5s4

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Archeology beyond reality: how Minoans established Knossos to rule over the Mediterranean world

    palace of Knossos

    For Tourists:

    Knossos-veronica winters art blog

    Should I visit Knossos? That’s the question I asked myself planning my trip to Greece. The Palace of Minos in Knossos is located on the outskirts of town Heraklion on the island of Crete. Here, you’ll find some historic information about the palace of Minos and its culture. While Knossos is the center of the Minoan culture that gives us valuable insight into the habits of ancient civilization, I must say that this place might not be very interesting to see for a seasoned traveler. Parts of the palace have been reconstructed to give you a better idea what it looked like, and the museum has many artifacts that were found by the archeologist Sir Evans at the ancient site.

    I think the most amazing thing about Knossos is its unusual architectural design and application. Unlike other palaces in the history of humanity where royalty separated itself to live and govern in modern luxury, the Palace of Minos held many administrative, religious, entertaining and ceremonial functions inside it. The Palace appeared to have been the center of political, economic and religious authority. It also housed various people and trades in it, including artisans and merchants. The labyrinth-like structure of the palace birthed one of Greek myths about Theseus, prince of Athens who slayed the Minotaur. The Minotaur was a half-bull, half-man who lived imprisoned in a labyrinth build by King Minos, father of Ariadne. Ariadne fell in love with Theseus. It's believed that Daedalus was the architect of the labyrinth and the palace. He advised Ariadne to give a tread to Theseus to find his way back from the labyrinth. King Aegeus was Theseus’s father (hence, the Aegean sea name) who threw himself off of the cliff by a mistake. He thought that Theseus was dead because of a black sail that wasn't replaced to the white one and thus killed the king. 

    To get to the Palace of Minos, we used a public bus and bought a ticket in a local market shop. Greeks speak English well and can help you navigate the purchase of tickets and other things. People working at the hotels also speak English well and could be a resource for you to navigate around the island. The majority of the following information comes from the wall descriptions in the museum and archeological center of the palace of Knossos.

    Video on YouTube:

    Brief history of the Minoan culture on Crete, Heraklion

    The archeologist, Sir Arthur Evans, did the majority of excavations in Knossos in the early 20th century. He named this ancient culture “Minoan” in accordance with ancient Greek myths that referenced King Minos ruling in the area.

    Prehistoric Crete (7000 – 1100 BC): the Minoan World

    Crete has always been both a bridge and a melting pot of cultural expression, innovation and knowledge. Situated at the crossroads of the sea routes linking three continents, Asia, Africa and Europe, the Minoan world was preceded by a lengthy development, starting from the birth of Neolithic communities around 7000 BC, to the establishment of complex social structures during the course of the 3rd millennium BC.

    During the Bronze Age, Cretan culture had experienced constant enrichment and renewal through interactive communication with other Aegean civilizations, Egypt and the East. This interaction created favorable conditions for the emergence of the first great urban-palatial civilization in Europe. The Minoan civilization got its name after Minos, the semi-divine king of Knossos. The ruling elites and classes rose to wealth and power through control of production and trade.

    By 2000 BCE, complex urban centers like Knossos and Phaistos emerged, boasting multi-story palaces. These were large cities with a palace center. The palace became the center of authority and residence of the Court officials, and it functioned as the seat of a complex administrative bureaucracy, including gathering and processing of goods. Social structures and relationships got consolidated through secular and religious palace rituals. Minoans thrived on maritime trade throughout the Aegean and beyond, establishing themselves as a powerful trading force. Their vibrant art, depicting nature, rituals, and bull-leaping ceremonies, adorns palace walls in vivid frescoes.

    Art of the Minoan Civilization:

    Knossos Bull
    The Knossos Bull, 1600-1450 BC.
    This is the bull’s head made of stone. A masterpiece of the Minoan art, it features an inlay of white seashell, rock crystal and red jasper. Carved with great precision, the bull is a vessel used for libations at the palace.

    All forms of art developed and reached its peak on the island: large wall paintings, miniatures, seal-carving, jewelry-making, goldsmithing, metalwork, stone-carving and vase-painting. Increased demand for luxury and status items, which were also exported off Crete, led to the development of massive import of raw materials, such as gold, ivory, silver, copper and semiprecious stones. Minoan seafarers dominated the Aegean Sea and the East Mediterranean trading raw materials and precious art. Colonies, ports and stations of Minoan character throughout the Aegean became bases for trade overseas, while Minoan painters decorated palaces in Egypt and the East. Echoes of Cretan sea power were preserved in ancient myths of the Minoan thalassocracy.

    Minoan Ring of Minos at Knossos
    The Minoan Ring of Minos, Knossos, 1450-1400 BC. The Ring of Minos is a masterpiece of Minoan jewelry-making that gives a good overview of the religious iconography of the Minoans. The image summarizes 3 levels of epiphany. The goddess is depicted in a miniature form floating in the air. She is also seated on a platform topped with horns of consecration. She also rows in a boat decorated with a prow depicting a seahorse. Both male and a female tree cult surround the goddess.

    The goddess passes through 3 natural elements, air, land and sea, which becomes a symbolic unification of the mortal world. The ring’s story depicts Minoan rule and power over land and sea.

    Decline of the Minoan civilization around 1450 BC:

    Natural disasters that shocked the Minoan World, such as the earthquake and the cataclysmic eruption of the Thera volcano, did not cause its decline. The Minoan civilization collapsed circa 1450 BC, probably due to some internal causes. Main Minoan centers and palaces got destroyed with the exception of Knossos. As the Minoan influence waned, the mainland Mycenaean Greeks gained prominence. Mycenaean culture absorbed some Minoan elements, forming a hybrid civilization that lasted until around 1100 BCE.
    New dynasties got established first at Knossos (1450-1300 BC) and then in Kydonia at Chania (1300-1250 BC). They controlled a complex bureaucracy using Mycenaean script, the first form of Greek writing. The gradual arrival of tribes from central Greece, especially from the 13th century BC onwards, led to the permanent incorporation of Crete in the cultural and political structures of the Greek world at the turn of the 2nd to the 1 millennium BC. Much about Minoan society remains a mystery, including their language (Linear A remains undeciphered). Their social structure, religious beliefs, and the reasons for their decline continue to spark debate and research.

    Minoan Achievements:

    1. Innovative engineering with advanced water management systems and multi-story buildings.
    2. Developed writing systems, including Linear A and Linear B, used for administrative purposes.
    3. Skilled artisans crafted exquisite pottery, jewelry, and other objects. Rise of large, decorative sculpture for palaces and buildings.
    4. Discovered and produced expensive purple dye to color the clothes and fabric for the wealthy.
    Minoan Bee pendant
    Minoan Bee pendant, 1800-1700 BC, Malia, Crete. This is a work of art because it combines repousse, granulated filigree design and incised decoration.

    The emergence of palatial societies & palaces on Crete

    Elaborate building complexes, known as the “First” or “Old” Palaces, were established at the center of large towns, which emerged in the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Parts of these early complexes, buried under new palaces built atop, have been identified and partially excavated at Knossos, Phaistos, Malia and Petras. They include dining areas, large assembly and ceremonial halls, storerooms and a central court.

    Gold-sheathed luxury weapons, scepters of authority, and precious jewelry also functioned symbolically, stressing the social status power and prestige of the palatial elite.

    Writing was adopted to record goods, and complex sealing methods were developed, to ensure conformity of commercial transactions with the guarantee of the palatial administration.

    Society was structured hierarchically with different skills and activities. Figures weaving on looms, potters and hunters are depicted on seals, while images of sailing ships reveal the presence of mariners. Some ancient figurines, ornate offering vessels and the remains of animal sacrifices show that the cult culture existed in palatial and domestic contexts. The “Old” Palaces were destroyed by fire circa 1700 BC.

    Vases and decorations of the palace & houses of Knossos

    vessels of Knossian workshop 1500 BC
    The vessels of the Knossian workshop, 1500 BC, Crete

    In the times of greatest prosperity, Minoan ceramic art reached its peak. The found objects of exceptional quality were produced in specialized workshops for the use of the ruling and prosperous urban class in the palace and town of Knossos. Stone lamps and vessels with elaborate relief decoration, bronze vessels, and vases with raised pictorial compositions or inlaid and covered in fine gold leaf, served practical and ceremonial purpose. The dark-on-light decoration dominated local pottery.

    This is the pottery of the so-called “Special Palatial Tradition“, produced by palatial Workshops, mainly at Knossos. These elegant vases are decorated with geometrical and stylized motifs, and with nature and sea-inspired subjects named the “Floral Style” and the “Marine Style”. Exquisite vases were created by gifted artists such as “Reed Painter”, “Olive Spray Painter”, “Marine Style Master” and “Octopus inter”, whose works have also been found beyond Knossos on Crete.

    Wine & Symposia at the Palace of Phaistos

    Polychrome Kamares Ware vessels were used in palace banquets that attest to the opulent lifestyle of the palatial ruling class through their quality, quantity and astounding decorative variety.

    Beautiful vessels found in the Phaistos palace are excellent examples of the so-called Kamares ware, a colorful decorative style that’s common for the palatial ceramic production during the First Palaces period. Decorations on these vases show similarities in painted motifs, like the chequerboard, spirals, and rocks. The vases were probably the products of one workshop that could have been made as a custom ‘dinner set’ for banquets and ceremonies of the ruling class at the Phaistos palace.

    wine vessels of the Phaistos palace-Minoan
    The wine vessels of the Phaistos palace, Minoan, Crete, 1800-1700 BC.

    Among the vessels we can see a large crater standing on a high foot that could have been the vessel for mixing and drinking wine in large quantities. The offering of wine to a deity and group consumption of wine at banquets seems to be central to secular and religious rituals in the communities of prehistoric Crete. We can imagine the euphoria that prevailed at such banquets. This feeling could have been exacerbated by the visual stimulus of the decorations on these vessels. Painted spirals had a vivid, swirling movement with color intensity of polychromies used on vessels of the Kamares ware.

    In this particular case, the luxurious ‘dinner set’ of the Phaistos palace rivals the vessels used in Knossos for similar symposium ceremonies at that time period. We might discern a demonstration of power of the palace’s ruling class through these luxurious vessels. It could have been an attempt at cohesion of local communities through these opulent banquets. This was an era of competition between palaces that would lead to the emergence of Knossos as the first power on the island during the next period of New Palaces.

    The Minoans of Crete were pioneers in the production of the famous purple dye known today as Tyrian purple.

    The Minoans obtained the dye from murex sea snails, similar to the Phoenicians who later became famous for it. Archaeological evidence suggests Minoan production dates back to the Middle Minoan period (2000-1600 BCE), predating the Phoenicians by centuries. Discoveries of large quantities of crushed murex shells at sites like Chryssi Island in eastern Crete point to dedicated dye production facilities. The Minoan purple dye likely possessed the same rich, deep color and remarkable lightfastness (resistance to fading) that made Tyrian purple so valuable. The extraction process was laborious, involving the collection and processing of vast numbers of sea snails. The resulting dye was incredibly expensive due to the difficulty of production. Minoan purple likely colored textiles and other luxury items, signifying wealth and status. It’s interesting to note that while the Phoenicians later became synonymous with this purple dye, the Minoans may have been the true innovators behind this remarkable ancient technology.

    The Palace of Minos in Knossos

    The following information comes from the descriptions found inside the museum. I reworked it for better reading experience.

    Palace of Knossos

    The Palace of Knossos is the largest palace on the island of Crete. The palace is surrounded by an extensive city. The Palace was built on the low Kephala hill at the confluence of two streams. This location determined the subsequent growth of the settlement because of its proximity to the sea and rich soil of the region. The extensive settlement appeared during the Neolithic period (6700-3200 В.С.).

    The First Palace was built around 1900 B.C. (Old Palace Period). It appears that the basic floor plan appeared at that time based on few, preserved parts today. This first palace got destroyed around 1700 B.C. and the New Palace was built in its place (New Palace Period). With the exception of some later additions, Arthur Evans uncovered and restored its ruins.

    The New Palace consisted of different buildings surrounding the Central Court. There were multiple entrances, including the formal southwest and north ones. The West Wing includes shrines, official halls and extensive storage areas, and the East Wing, the “Royal Apartments” and workshops. There were storage rooms and other areas to the north and south.

    Architecture:

    palace of Knossos layout

    The Palace displays a great variety of architectural features. Multi-storied buildings had flat roofs on different levels. They had the indented or protruding facades. The embellishments included stone horns and multi-colored surfaces. The Minoans used a variety of materials, like green schist’ slabs on the floor, wooden columns, and gypsum slabs on walls and construction elsewhere. Polychrome plaster and wall paintings contributed to room decorations.

    Minoan architects broke new ground in both planning and construction techniques of their buildings. They developed the palaces and buildings with palatial features and the Palace in Knossos became the epitome of Minoan architecture.

    An emblematic Minoan innovation is the “polythyron hall” with pier-and-door partitions and light wells offering various combinations of circulation, lighting and ventilation. Another pioneering invention is the addition of wooden columns to the façades, forming colonnades and balconies looking onto the great courts. The crowning achievement of the design is the ‘Grand Staircase of Knossos,’ with its 2 flights of stairs supported by columns on each floor. A dense grid of timber frames ensured the construction stability.

    The Minoans used raised stone and painted plaster elements of doorways and floors, in particular gypsum (alabaster) on the floors and ashlar masonry on the façades. Its architectural complexity, maze-like interior, shifts of light and shade, gave rise to the myth of the Minoan Labyrinth. Besides the palace itself, elements of palatial and urban architecture are depicted in wall paintings, clay models and the plaques of the “Town Mosaic.”

    The Palace appears to have been the center of political, economic and religious authority. Main archeologist, Sir Arthur Evans, attempted to interpret the function of the spaces in the Palace and gave them names that reflected their use according to his opinion. This was based on the finds, mythology, and analogies with ancient civilizations during his time. These names are still the same, like the “Queen’s Megaron” [hall], “Piano Nobile” [upper floor], “Throne Room”, etc. Although a continued research has put forward different views on the function of some areas.

    The Palace of Knossos continued its use after the 1450 B.C. even when the rest of the Cretan palaces were already destroyed. Most experts believe that new inhabitants came from the Mycenaean Greek mainland and settled in the Palace, thanks to the discovery of the Mycenean archive of Linear B script. It remains unclear when the Palace ceased to function. The significance of its former glory got lost after the 1380 B.C.

    The North Lustral Basin

    This room resembles a cistern. Reached by steps, its floor is lower than the surrounding area. Many columns surrounded the “Lustral Basin” and were lined with slabs of gypsum, giving it luxurious appearance. The area in its present form has been reconstructed by Evans.

    Other parts of the Palace of Knossos have similar rooms. Moreover, other palaces and Minoan buildings of this period (1700-1450 B.C.) have the same structure. The use of such cistern-like areas is unknown. However, based on their construction, the rooms were not filled with water and had no drainage system. Evans thought that they were used in purification ceremonies and thus called the “Lustral Basins”. Evans also believed that the Palace was a sacred place. In his opinion, the “Lustral Basin” in question was used to purify visitors going into the Palace via the neighboring North Entrance.

    West Magazines

    By looking down, you can see the beginning of the corridor that joins 18 long and narrow storerooms, covering an area of 1300 sq. m. (Fig.1). There were found 93 rectangular cists, “Kassellas” on the floor of storerooms and corridor. They seemed to be used for safe-keeping of precious equipment and vases.

    The excavations also found large cists in the corridor that probably held the liquids. Εικ. Fig. 1. The pithoi (large storage jars) (Fig.2) of the “West Magazines” bear witness to the wealth of the Palace. The remains of about 150 pithoi were found, although there is room for about 400. The contents stored inside are unknown, although they could have been oil, wine, etc.

    The archeologists also found clay tablets in this area. These clay tablets have writing in the Linear B script with records of local economy. They also discovered a large number of older clay seal impressions and clay tablets written in the Cretan Hieroglyphic script located at the north end of the corridor.

    The West Porch

    The West porch or the Corridor of the Procession was an open area with a roof facing the court. It was supported by one column, from which part of a gypsum base exists today. The east wall was decorated with a fresco depicting a leaping bull. A small guard room was adjacent to the porch in the back. The porch was closed off by a double door from where the long Corridor of the Procession began. It got its name from a wall fresco there depicting a procession of musicians and other people with gifts. A well-made floor continued to the central Court.

    The West Court

    Built of some massive gypsum blocks, the West Facade of the Palace rises up on one side that may have been used in ceremonies. The found settlements below this area belong to the Neolithic (6700-3200BC) and Pre-Palatial periods (3000 BC).

    The Great Staircase

    The great staircase and the upper floor to which it leads is largely Evans’ creation. Evans thought that it had a function similar to the first floor of the Italian Renaissance Palazzo, which was called the “Piano Nobile”. In this instance, he thought that the reception rooms of the Palace would be on the upper floor.

    Evans also thought that there was the “Tri-Columnar Shrine” with a Treasury inside the Palace. The basis for his view lies in findings of collapsed ritual stone vases on the ground floor and the column and pillar bases. The rectangular building standing next to the stairs was built much later after the destruction of the Palace. Evans interpreted it as a “Greek Temple.”

    The Figure-of-Eight Shields fresco

    figure of 8 shield frescoes-Knossos
    The figure of 8 shields frescoes, palace in Knossos.

    The fresco with “Figure-of-Eight Shields” repeated in a stylized row, decorated the walls of the loggia of the “Grand Staircase,” leading to the official quarters of the palace. The fresco depicts the actual shields suspended on walls. They were made of either a wooden or metallic framework covered with ox-hide, represented by the dappled surface. The shields may have represented the military power of the Knossos palace’ ruler.
    Knossos, Palace, Final Palatial period (1450-1350/1300 BC).

    The Ladies in Blue fresco

    ladies in blue fresco-Knossos
    The “Ladies in Blue” is a partial composition depicting wealthy women in dresses and lavish jewelry set against blue background. Their coiffure adornment was restored based on a similar fresco fragment. Despite its fragmentary condition, the wall painting gives a sense of opulence and prosperity of the royal court with ladies and their hand gestures, displaying the richness of their jewelry.
    Knossos, Palace, Neo palatial period (1600-1450 BC).

    The Griffins fresco

    Griffin figure in Knossos-Crete-veronica winters blog
    The Griffins fresco, Knossos, Heraklion, Crete, photo: Veronica Winters.

    The Griffins fresco done in high-relief and tethered to columns decorated the “Great East Hall” of the palace of Knossos. The decoration of the hall also included religious emblems and representations in relief of boxing and bull-leaping games. According to Arthur Evans, this hall, located next to the “Grand Staircase”, was used for official ceremonies by the palace rulers. Knossos, Palace, Neo palatial period (1600-1450 BC).

    Prince of the Lilies fresco

    The prince of the lilies fresco inside the museum, Knossos.

    The “Prince of the Lilies” is a high-relief fresco of a large mural. It’s emblematic image of Minoan Crete. The life-size figure is composed of three non-joining parts. He wears a richly colored kilt with a codpiece and belt. He wears a crown made of papyrus-lilies and peacock feathers. According to the excavator of Knossos, Arthur Evans, this figure was the “Ruler of Knossos”, the “Priest-King” and a personification of religious and secular authority. However, other scholars suggest different reconstructions and interpretations, according to which the “Prince” may be an athlete, a boxer, or a commanding ruler, while the crown is attributed to a priestess or a sphinx. Knossos, Palace, Neo palatial period (1600-1450 BC).

    South Entrance, Corridor with the “Prince of the Lilies” fresco

    The south part of the Palace has significant erosion. We can only see the foundations of the tiered levels. A tower-like projection is the only remaining part of the south entrance to the Palace. An ascending corridor led to the Central Court. The reconstructed corridor is the closest to the Central Court in the Palace. Evans put a copy of a relief wall painting here, of which only a few fragments were found (Fig. 1). The fragments showed a male figure wearing lily-shaped jewelry. The reconstruction you see here is unresolved. In Evans’s opinion, the picture represented the ‘Priest-King’. Other scholars think that it is either a prince or a female figure.

    fresco of the lilies-mural Knossos
    Mural/fresco with the lilies, Knossos. It’s part of a large mural composition that decorated the first floor of the Amnisos mansion in Knossos. This fresco is typical of the Minoan culture where the artists scraped a concave shape for stems and flowers to fill it with white paint.

    Wall paintings of the Throne Room

    There are 2 parts of the fragmentary wall painting that decorated the “Throne Room” at Knossos. The first one depicts a couchant griffin and the second one a palm tree, the forelimbs of another griffin, and the altars. These paintings were placed next to the throne on the wall opposite the entrance of the room. These fragments enable the reconstruction of the entire scene, full of symbolic connotations related to the religious and ceremonial use of the room. The real alabaster throne is integrated in a riverside landscape. Stylized reeds are painted on the walls. Palm trees, symbolizing the regenerative powers of nature, spring from the base of the throne. The griffins flanking the throne have no wings, thus interpreted as the permanent guardians of the authority symbolized by the throne itself. Knossos, Palace, Final Palatial period (1450-1350/1300 BC).

    The Knossos palace likely wasn’t intentionally built as a maze in the sense of a trap with a single, hidden exit.

    It does have complex design. The palace at Knossos had multiple stories, winding corridors, and numerous rooms. This strange layout could be easily mistaken for a maze, especially after centuries of partial collapse and reconstruction. Archaeologists have uncovered over 1300 rooms! The legend of the Minotaur’s labyrinth likely originated after the palace’s fall. The myth provided an explanation for the palace’s confusing layout. King Minos, according to the myth, had the brilliant craftsman Daedalus build a labyrinth to house the Minotaur. The excavated structures show a purposeful design for a grand palace complex, not a purposely confusing maze. The palace housed royalty, administrative functions, various people, artisans, merchants, priesthood, and workshops. While complex, it likely needed to be navigable for daily life as a complex administrative center.

    Administration & Economy: Linear B texts

    Linear B script

    The 3,400 clay tablets inscribed in Linear B script from the palace of Knossos form part of the archives maintained by the new dynasty, which established itself at the palace following the destruction of most Minoan political centers in 1450 BC. In contrast to the preceding Linear A texts, which recorded the unknown language of the Minoans, the tablets written in syllabic Linear B script, date back to 1425-1300 BC. They are the earliest known texts written in Greek. They are temporary lists of accounts and recordings of goods, military equipment palace officials, dependents, and ritual offerings. They were incised into wet clay by 100 different scribes. Linear B texts got preserved by accident as they got baked in the fire that destroyed the palace.

    The signs of Linear B script are derived from the Linear A script. Linear B has 89 syllabograms corresponding phonetically to syllables. They also include logograms, which were used as abbreviations of the commodities recorded, together with numerical symbols indicating quantities and units of weight and capacity. Long and thin “palm-leaf” tablets were used for individual registrations, while the rectangular “page” tablets were used for details and summary entries. Brief inscriptions are also found on sealings, i.e. lumps of clay stamped with seal imprints and used to label goods. Minoans labeled clay stirrup jars for transportation and storage of liquids, like olive oil and wine.

    The Phaistos Disc found on the island of Crete
    seals found in Knossos palace, Crete
    Seals found in the area of Knossos palace, Crete, 1650-1350 BC.

    Stone palettes to grind colors, Knossos
    Stone palettes to grind colors, the palace at Knossos

    The Minoan Religion & the World of the Dead

    snake goddess-Knossos
    The snake goddess, Palace of Knossos, 1650-1550 BC. These are the most important cult objects from the Knossos Temple Repositories. The name comes from the snakes hand-held by the figures. These snakes symbolize the chthonic character of the goddess cult and the feline creature on her head suggests her dominion over the wildlife. Both goddesses wear expensive dresses. Large, nude chest symbolizes the female fertility or the goddess of nature.

    The Hagia Triada Sarcophagus

    Hagia Triada Sarcophagus closeups
    Hagia Triada Sarcophagus closeups showing depicted art on the long sides of it.

    The Limestone sarcophagus depicts ritual ceremonies in honor of the dead and transcendental scenes associated with the afterlife beliefs. The scenes are frescoes painted on plaster. You can see a depiction of a dead man on one long side of the sarcophagus. He wears a long tunic, standing in front of a building that could be a tomb. He is receiving offerings of a boat and animals. On the left, priestesses hold a lyre are pour libations into a bucket set between the columns with double axes. Birds sit on the axes, symbolizing the deity’ presence.
    Another long side depicts a bull’s sacrifice. The animal, trussed to a table, is being sacrificed to the accompaniment of a double flute and offerings made by a priestess at an altar. The altar is situated in front of a sanctuary crowned with horns of consecration. There is a pole with a double axe set between the sanctuary and the tree. The bird tops a double axe, indicating the epiphany of the deity. The two narrow sides have depictions of goddesses riding in chariots with griffins and horses or wild goats, and a procession of men. The sarcophagus was found in a rectangular built tomb and belonged to a ruler who, as the images narrate, was splendidly honored after his death by the palatial priesthood and the gods, on earth and in heavens. Hagia Triada, 1370-1300 BC.

    The Larnakes

    Larnakes -Crete

    Clay larnakes imitate the wooden coffins. There are two types of the coffins. The first one is in the shape of a wooden chest with a gabled lid. The second one resembles a bathtub. The deceased were placed in a fetal position, perhaps signifying the symbolic return to the beginning of life in the womb.

    Their iconography is, in a way, a continuation of the great fresco art that adorned the walls of the palaces. For example, the sarcophagus of Agia Triada was decorated in the same art style and technique as the frescoes. A complete narrative sequence, covering the ritual of the cult of the dead and Minoan perceptions and beliefs regarding the afterlife is depicted on its sides. Iconographic themes are mostly inspired by the plant, animal and marine worlds. They were rendered schematically without a narrative’ cohesion.

    Larnakes, museum in Knossos

    The obvious decorative aim of the motifs conceals a clear symbolic significance. These themes, isolated or in compositions, depict an abstracted version of the Minoan paradise. Marine creatures symbolize the sea across which lie the isles of the blessed dead and the Elysian Fields, according to the Homeric tradition. This otherworld of peace and eternal spring is indicated by trees, plants, birds and animals painted in dense juxtaposition on the larnax sides. The chariot and ship depicted on two larnakes show available transportation for a long journey over land and sea. Occasionally divine figures appear, the guardians of paradise, in attitudes of prayer or about to be enthroned, an image conveying the idea of the last judgement. These loose compositions, rich in meaning, are the final contribution of the folk painters of the Post palatial period to the pictorial art of prehistoric Crete.

    The Warrior Graves and Graves with Bronzes, (1450-1300 BC)

    Certain tombs, mainly in Knossos area, the sites of Zafer Papoura, Isopata Sellopoulo and the Venizeleio, contained a multitude of bronze weapons including swords, spearheads, daggers and halberds, as well as helmets. The most striking weapons include the swords with gold-covered hilts, gold nails and ivory pommels, intended as luxury and display objects.

    They are insignia of the rank and status of an aristocratic warrior class which invested ideologically in the acquisition and use of weapons. The “Tomb of the Tripod Hearth” at Knossos, the Tholos Tomb A and the adjacent grave enclosure at Phourni, Archanes, andat Kalyvia Phaistos produced large assemblages of bronze banqueting vessels, such as cauldrons, jugs, bowls, washbowls, ladles and lamps. These items also functioned as markers of prosperity and social superiority. So did other grave offerings of gold jewelry, semiprecious stones, seals, bronze mirrors and implements, ivory objects and fine vessels.

    Karphi goddesses with raised arms
    Karphi goddesses with raised arms, 1200-1100 BC.

    Five figurines with upraised arms, the goddesses, were found in the Post palatial settlement at Karphi. They have attached bird symbols and horns of consecration on their heads. The excavated artifacts also included a stylized, clay three-wheeled chariot rhyton with a charioteer and attached bulls’ heads, a clay tablet topped with a human head, and other cult objects and vessels of the period. They are clay tube, kalathoi, an openwork pot stand and a human-shaped rhyton. They were excavated from different parts of the settlement, indicating that the cult activities took place throughout the site.

    Sacred symbols of a local cult

    golden axe-Knossos

    Small shrines in houses and peripheral administrative complexes served the needs of both a family and community. Open-air cult existed at some sanctuaries and in caves. Worshippers presented the deity with praying human figurines. Expertly crafted offerings for worship made of precious materials, such as bronze figurines, gold, silver and bronze artefacts, seals, jewelry, tables and stone vases- all became the ostentatious display of a person’s wealth. Such offerings are found in cult assemblages placed alongside numerous human and animal clay figurines. The realistic modelling of the bodies and the elaborate hairstyles of some male and female figurines highlight timeless social standards of men’s athletic bodies and women’s neat and elegant appearance. Three-dimensional clay models represent figures and images of official religious ideology, centered on the Epiphany of the Goddess, which arose in the palatial environment.


    The Minoans used the religious symbols in depictions of religious significance or to mark the sanctity of spaces and buildings, in which they performed the cult acts. The emblematic symbol of the Minoan religion, the double axe, is probably derived from the real axe used to slay the sacrificial bull. Horns of consecration were also a sacred symbol, perhaps a schematic representation of the horns of the bull, the sacred cult animal. The sacral knot was made of cloth and served as a symbol of protection. The biconcave altar, a symbol of sanctity, was based on a real altar. The figure-of-eight shield may be an apotropaic symbol to ward off the evil.

    Double Axes: Double-sided schist molds used for casting cult figures and symbols. These include the female figures with upraised arms holding double axes and flowers, double axes with indented edges, horns of consecration and a disc with astral symbols. The toothed wheel with a cross encircled by dots has been suggested to have been a device for predicting eclipses. Palaikastro, 1370-1200 BC.

    There are two different examples of unusual cult sites and sanctuaries presented at the Sanctuary at Anemospilia, Archanes, and the Arkalochori Cave.

    The Arkalochori Cave

    A large assemblage of metal objects, used for religious rites and as votive offerings, was found in a small cave at Arkalochori in central Crete. The assemblage includes copper “bun” ingots, numerous bronze model swords and daggers, large bronze votive double axes, and a wealth of miniature double axes in gold, silver and bronze, and pieces of gold foil. However, there were no cult objects found at this cave like the figurines and offering tables commonly found at contemporary shrines.

    It’s hard to explain the reason for placing these objects in such a small cave. They may had been a hoard of valuable metal objects hidden from the imminent danger. A large number of model weapons, long swords and daggers, may have been votive offerings made by a prominent group of warriors. They could have invested in the ideological value of the weapon as a symbol of status or authority (1700-1450 BC).

    Sculpture

    Lintel of Prinias temple closeup of goddess with panthers
    Lintel of Prinias temple, closeup of a goddess with panthers, 7th century BC, Daedalic art. The lintel decorated the main entrance to the Temple Aat Prinias. The goddess is the earliest surviving example of the seated figure style.

    Greek art of the archaic period (7th-6th century BC) is marked by the development of monumental sculpture, namely the creation of life-size and over life-size statues in stone. Crete occupies a prominent position in the history of Daedalic sculpture of the 7th century BC named after Daedalus, the legendary craftsman and sculptor. The early date and the quality of the Cretan statues is the evidence of birth of Greek monumental sculpture on the island.

    Following geometric period’s conventions for rendering the human features of the face and body, the archaic sculpture imprints human figures frontally. Such statues, especially the female ones, come from Astritsi, Eleftherna, Gortyna and other areas. Most Cretan statues were life-size made of local Cretan limestone. The island of Crete pioneers the development of architectural sculpture mostly used in the embellishment of temples and public buildings with statues and carved in relief representations. This decoration type can be seen in the temples of Prinias (possibly ancient Rizenia) and Gortyna.

    At the end of the 6th cent. BC, the gravestones done in relief appear on the island of Crete. These gravestones marked the tombs of the dead, which were modeled after the Attic prototypes. Later on, the production in Crete decreases for political and social reasons.

    Classical sculpture of the 5th and 4th cent. BC is represented by relatively few works of art (relief plaques and gravestones) showing Attic and Cycladic artistic influences. Rich artistic tradition of the island, however, has significant impact on ancient Greek art. Famous statues and architecture of the Hellenic world are attributed to two Cretan sculptors – Dipoinos and Skyllis, who were pupils of Daedalus.

    The Statue of Egyptian deity, Knossos
    The Statue of the Egyptian deity, Knossos. A standing male figure is decorated in a beautiful dress with stars with a snake whirling around him. He holds two scepters with a lotus and pallet. The deity figure combines the attributes of the Egyptian gods, Osiris, Sarapis and Imchotep. Roman period, 1-2 century AD.

    Statues with gods Pluto and Persephone-Knossos
    Statues with gods Pluto and Persephone, Knossos.

    Group of statues with gods Pluto and Persephone, depicted as the Egyptian deities Sarapis and Isis, were worshiped in the Hellenistic period onwards in Greece. Pluto-Sarapis has the modius on his head, a utensil used for the measurement of grain. Persephone-Isis bears her symbols in the forehead, mainly the crescent moon, the solar disk and the snake (uraeus). She is depicted holding the sistrum in her right hand, an Egyptian musical instrument also known to Crete from pre-history. Her left hand holds the straps of the dog, Cerberus. The inclusion of Cerberus, the guardian of the underworld, into this group defines the two deities as gods of the underworld. The composition is a typical example of syncretism, the integration of beliefs from different religions during Hellenistic and Roman times. Gortyna, Temple of Egyptian Deities, Roman period, mid. 2nd cent. AD.

    Apollo with kithara-125 AD-Knossos
    Apollo with kithara from a marble table support, 125-150 AD, Knossos

    Athletes & Acrobats: Bull-Leaping

    An important aspect of Minoan public life were organized spectacles at which trained athletes engaged in contests of strength, endurance, and skill. There were several very popular but dangerous contests: bull-leaping, bull-hunting, and boar-hunting. Minoans also had wrestling, boxing, foot racing, chariot racing, somersaulting and other sport games.

    The most spectacular Minoan acrobatic sport was bull-leaping. Young but trained athletes made a dangerous leap over the horns and back of a charging bull. Athletes of both sexes participated in this sport as recorded in the color of their skin, dark for men and white for women. The bull-leaping extravaganza is depicted in a series of wall paintings, gold rings and seals characteristic of the Minoan culture on Crete. The contests would have been held in large, outdoor spaces or even in the courts of the palaces. The Minoans cultivated the spirit of competition and excellence in sports that was later adopted by the ancient Greeks in the Olympic Games. Large crowds of excited spectators watched the games in Minoan Crete.

    The Bull-Leaping Fresco

    bull-leaping fresco knossos
    A bull-leaping fresco’s scene gives a vivid depiction of the sport. There are three participants, two white-skinned women and a brown-skinned man. One of the female athletes is restraining the bull by the horns to reduce its speed and prevent the leaper from a backward somersault. The second female athlete, standing behind the bull, is waiting with stretched arms to catch the leaper as he lands. The fresco was found on the east side of the palace of Knossos, with fragments of others depicting different stages of the same sport. Knossos-palace, 1600-1400 BC.

    Beautiful places to see in Heraklion

    • The Morosini Fountain at Lions Square was built in 1628. The 16th-century Bembo Fountain in Kornaros Square, central city of Crete
    • The location of the Venetian Fortress is beautiful to look at turquoise water and city’s harbor.
    • The city’s center has a few significant buildings and a church. In addition, the Agios Minas Cathedral is a must-see.

    The Agios Minas Cathedral

    The Agios Minas Cathedral, Crete
    The Agios Minas Cathedral, Crete.

    Built in late 19th century, this beautiful church is dedicated to Saint Menas, the martyr who lived around 285-309 A.D. The patron saint of Heraklion, he is depicted on a silver icon inside the church. The interior space is inspirational for anyone to see! It features colorful, byzantine-style murals and incredible chandeliers decorated with saints, double eagle and peacock designs. The stained-glass windows cast beautiful light on the walls and floor.

    In conclusion, I hope I got you interested in visiting Heraklion, Greece to discover Knossos, the place and palace of the Minoan civilization on your own terms. As a reminder, the majority of this information comes from the museums on Crete. Visit the Heraklion Archaeological Museum for more information & tickets.

    Greek art styles

    Greek art is generally divided into four major periods:

    1. Geometric Period (900 – 700 BCE):
      • Emerging from the Greek Dark Ages, Geometric art is characterized by its focus on geometric patterns and stylized figures.
      • Pottery decoration is prominent, featuring abstract motifs like meanders, triangles, and swastikas.
      • Human and animal figures are depicted in a simplified, geometric manner.
    2. Archaic Period (700 – 480 BCE):
      • This period witnessed a shift towards more naturalistic depictions.
      • Sculptors began carving figures in the nude, adhering to a rigid and idealized form known as the Archaic smile.
      • Pottery decoration continued to evolve, with the introduction of the black-figure technique where figures are painted in black silhouette against a red background.
    3. Classical Period (480 – 323 BCE):
      • Considered the pinnacle of Greek art, the Classical period emphasized balance, proportion, and realism.
      • Human figures were depicted in more natural poses with a focus on ideal beauty and perfect anatomy.
      • The red-figure technique dominated pottery decoration, with Greek mythological and narrative scenes.
      • Famous Classical sculptors like Phidias and Polyclitus developed dominant styles portraying gods and heroes in idealized way.
    4. Hellenistic Period (323 – 31 BCE):
      • Following the conquests of Alexander the Great, Hellenistic art embraced a wider range of emotions and expressions.
      • Sculptures became more dynamic and dramatic, capturing movement and individual personalities, rather than idealized faces.
      • Art from this period often reflected a more theatrical and emotional style.
      • Genre scenes depicting everyday life gained popularity alongside mythological themes.

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    How to use Instagram for artists & creatives

    I’ve been using Instagram for several years to see it change and evolve. I spent hundreds of dollars on Instagram courses claiming to help me build the audience. While I don’t have a crazy following like so many artists out there, I did learn a thing or two about it with lots of sweat and tears. In 2022, I decided to share some simple truths about the social platform that you can apply to your account today to see some growth and hopefully cut on the frustration Instagram can give us. I updated it in 2024.

    Overall, I like Instagram for art. It’s my favorite social network mainly because it’s so visual and easy to present art and connect with others in the art community and beyond. Perfect for us – artists because it’s still free! I must say that there are plenty of couches who claim to grow your account if you “follow their steps and strategies”. While it could work for them, it doesn’t mean it will work for you because you’re a different person with different art, ideas, and presentation. I saw couches that simply lied promising growth, and selling their silly programs. This is not me being negative about others, rather be mindful of all of this as you work on your account’s growth. Observe, what other top art accounts are doing now to incorporate their strategies into yours.

    This video became viral on YouTube but I didn’t do anything special or different from my other reels on YouTube. I think sometimes it’s really just luck.

    How to fix Instagram’s storage space

    This is one of the major problems I often have with Instagram and other apps like Spotify. At some point, my Instagram takes up all the space on my half-empty Android phone! The size of the app gets bigger and bigger despite my limited use of the app. So, I tried different things to share what works for me.

    1. You must remember your account name and password before you do the reset! After that,
    2. Open the Settings tab on your phone. Click on Apps —All Apps—and you’ll see a list of all your installed apps. Pick Instagram (or Spotify or any other app you want to downsize).
    3. Click on Instagram app—Storage & Cache–‘Clear cache’ first & click on ‘Clear Storage’. It will ask you ‘Delete app data?’ Click ‘Delete’.
    4. This action will reset the app and recover the storage space on your phone. You must open the Instagram app to enter your login information again to use it.

    Why you need to be on Instagram

    1. Every art professional, gallery owner, curator, artist, and art writer is on Instagram. You can connect to or reach out to people in a very informal way. Something that was totally impossible to accomplish a few years ago!
    2. If you have no website, no worries! Art professionals check your Instagram account first, and your website second!! You can host your art portfolio on Instagram for free.
    3. You expose your art to new audiences every day showing your inspiration and behind-the-scenes footage. In other words, you find your audience, opportunities, and art collectors on Instagram.

    How to use Instagram effectively

    • The name of your account must include your artist’s name. If it’s taken, expand on it some more by adding art/painting/sculpture, etc. The word that describes your expertise the best.
    • Treat your Instagram account like your portfolio. This means deleting photos showing what you ate or where you bathed. Think of it as your professional portfolio with the best images of your artwork available to sample. People are very quick to judge. So when they get to your account, they must see the consistency in style and theme.
    • Include yourself in some of the shots. My photos perform a lot better when I’m standing next to my painting or I’m actually painting… This is important and makes IG different from regular, clean product photography. People want to connect to real artists, not just our artwork. Let them see your art, studio, and the creative process! We’re always very interested in the process of making something (hint: make short videos and reels. More on that later).
    • Show your WIP shots in a carousel placing your finished piece first. Shots of art with supplies in them work well. I think that you can experiment with wip shots in a video format since the reach is declining quickly posting photos only.
    • Use description space to write a story about your process and art. How did it come together? What challenges did you have? Focus on inspiration, rather than art supplies. Although sometimes it can work as well.
    • Follow your favorite artists, curators, and art brands on IG. Leave meaningful comments to engage and befriend them like you befriend people in real life… This is a long-term strategy. You can’t expect to see them liking or engaging with you but there is a chance that you can develop a meaningful connection this way. Don’t pressure people to like you. It’s annoying. Rather try to connect to someone you admire or like… I recommend doing this with people whom you love as a fan.
    • Use dm’s to connect with people as well. There are no rules here. Don’t be obnoxious but think how you can be helpful or inspiring to others.
    • Beware of spam! Don’t respond to messages stating they can help you grow your account for a certain amount of $$ you spend with them. Also, there are big art accounts out there as well that promote you for $25-100 per post. Most of these accounts are scams. Don’t waste your hard-earned money on these strategies. Some take the money and give you a following that disappears in a couple of days or a couple of months. If you see that the engagement is low on big art accounts (500k-million), it means these are not real. Some large, legit aggregate accounts post the best artists on their feeds. Most of the time posting on their feed is not free, while the best artists can get a free post, which translates to considerable following to the artist’s account. I think the best strategy with big accounts is to use their branded hashtag, so when they look for art, they can spot your video or image. I think that this strategy is about to die off completely… You can read about a whole list of scams I’ve received, here: https://veronicasart.com/top-scams-to-avoid-on-instagram-other-social-platforms/
    • Your Instagram account will grow not only because of your daily engagement with other users but also because of what you do outside of Instagram. This is important. You have to be social and proactive showing your art and personality elsewhere and the Instagram following becomes a byproduct of your main publicity efforts that include art shows, publications, guest posting on big sites, and podcasts…
    • Getting shares with reels is the most important factor right now. It’s not likes, it’s shares.

    Reels

    Your Instagram account won’t grow by posting pictures only these days. So posting reels is a must! Look at suggested art reels to understand what becomes viral. Oftentimes, it’s not the beauty of a painting, rather it’s about tape peeling or varnishing videos… Most videos are entertaining, not educational these days…

    This is the only viral reel I had on Instagram, although there were a few others that were high in views as well.

    View this post on Instagram

    A post shared by 💫Veronica Winters, M.F.A. (@veronicawintersart)

    • Reels. Yes, you have to deal with them. All my courses went out of the window because Instagram is having a new tantrum (strategy) in place. Have you noticed a decline in reach when you just post a photo? Instagram wants to become a video app to compete with TikTok. (I’m rolling my eyes here:))
    • My top tip on reels is to treat it as a very short demo of your drawing/painting process that’s super entertaining. The first 3 seconds of your vertical video are very important. I’ve experimented with reels quite a lot to understand what does and doesn’t work. My actual painting/drawing reels used to do well and now they don’t.
    • Posting time matters but not to the extent as the quality of your reel. Show mini-tutorials and behind-the-scenes that are snappy and unusual. As Instagram often shows you top reels in your feed, study them for inspiration and ideas. There must be a reason why it’s performing so well.
    • Frequency. In my experience, posting reels every day doesn’t do much for my account growth. I did test this for many months. It seems that the second reel would get less reach and interaction and sometimes it performs just as badly as a regular photo post. Play with your reels and timing to see if it’s the same for you or different. Let me know how it goes! https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/
    • The immediate post engagement is very important for your reel to rank well. So reply to your comments instantly. Don’t delay.
    • keep reels under 30 sec.
    • Post the BEST content.
    Tip: Click on three stripes button located at the top right corner and go to your settings and then click on' upload at the highest quality' to upload your reels with max quality. If you have the creator account, you can also see Insights to understand how your videos perform.

    View this post on Instagram

    A post shared by 💫Veronica Winters, M.F.A. (@veronicawintersart)

    Hashtags

    Hashtags are still important. However, not all hashtags are good for your business. Pick the relevant ones to your artistic practice. Avoid using large hashtags that have over 500k posts with them. The reason is that if your account is small, your chance of being seen with a big hashtag is a fraction of a second. If you do your research and pick medium-size hashtags in your niche, you increase you chances to be noticed.

    Facebook

    What about Facebook, you may ask? I think it can be a powerful platform that has a different, much older demographic. Due to some privacy changes, a lot of targeting is gone. Many people have Facebook accounts they haven’t used for months. There seems to be no algorithm showing your stuff.. However, you’ve got to understand where your customers are, and what platform they prefer to engage on, so you spend more time there. I think Facebook groups can be useful to build friendships, which is not possible on IG. I hope it’s helpful.

    In conclusion:

    To wrap up, pick one platform to be active on it almost every day. Be professional by posting your art, inspiration, and story. Don’t obsess with the numbers, rather build real relationships with people who follow you and find inspiration and opportunities by being present and social there. Respond to your fans. Add location to posts and reels. Tag yourself in reels. If you make your own audio, name it. I don’t do it because I don’t do well speaking but it might work for you. Enable ‘Upload at highest quality.’ Enable close captions. Enable “recommend on Facebook.” Post the BEST video and post a call to action in every post!

    As I’m honest I think that competition is increasing tenfold in terms of content production. Ads take up most of the space and if it’s going to continue like that we will eventually get another Facebook called Instagram with lots of empty accounts… Ads will be more expensive and will take even more space but all we can do is stay positive, mindful, and helpful. We can work on trying to make a viral reel or connecting to an art collector who loves our work despite all these factors. I know, it can be hard at times but I think people go on Instagram and some other social platforms for inspiration and entertainment as a way to relax from daily stress and work. Therefore, try to post positive and fun content to stay afloat in this busy world of social media!

    Connect with me here:


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    Discover the fusion of History, Art & Architecture in Metz, France

    Brief History of Metz

    Metz

    Metz is a beautiful city nestled in the Lorraine region of France. Situated near the border between France and Germany, Metz has been a contested territory for centuries. Its strategic location has made it a target for invasion and a prize for conquest. Today, you can have an easy, 90-minute train ride from Paris to Metz.

    Its location near the German border has made it a melting pot for various influences- Roman, Germanic, and French cultures, creating a stunning cityscape that blends several architectural styles, from Romanesque and Gothic to Renaissance and Baroque. This diversity is evident in its churches, public buildings, and residential architecture. The city is renowned for its vivid stained glass windows, particularly those found in the Saint-Étienne Cathedral. These windows depict religious scenes, historical events, and local legends, and even include some modern stained glass windows made by Chagall. Metz is home to several free museums, including the Centre Pompidou-Metz, which showcases contemporary art. Despite being an urban center, Metz is surrounded by beautiful nature, including the Moselle River and its vineyards. This combination of city and nature makes it a unique destination worth your visit. You won’t see large Paris crowds, rather experience the beauty of architecture at your own pace.

    Watch a short video showing the architectural beauty of Metz, France!

    metz architecture

    First settlements:

    Celts were the first known inhabitants of the region, and they likely established a settlement on the site of Metz. Later, the Romans conquered the area and founded a city called Divodurum Mediomatricorum. So, Metz became a Roman city in the 1st century CE, adopting Latin culture and architecture. The city flourished under Roman rule, with significant infrastructure development and the construction of public buildings. In the art museum, you can view some Roman mosaics, sculpture and sarcophagus of this period.

    The Middle Ages:

    In the early Middle Ages, Metz was an important religious center, with several bishops and archbishops hailing from the city. During the Middle Ages, Metz prospered as it became a free imperial city, independent of both the French and German kingdoms. This autonomy allowed the city to develop its own culture and economy. The most famous examples of the middle ages are Saint-Étienne Cathedral, Eglise Saint-Eucaire and Temple Neuf. Saint-Étienne Cathedral (12th-14th centuries) is truly inspiring both inside and outside. Dark and somber, it’s a masterpiece of Gothic architecture. It features soaring arches, absolutely beautiful gigantic rose window “Tree of Jesse,” depicting the genealogy of Jesus Christ. and many other vivid stained glass windows that cast colorful light onto chairs and floor of the cathedral. Temple Neuf (12th century) is a Romanesque church with a modest exterior but richly decorated interior. Inside this church, you may find a crypt, which dates back to the 10th century.

    Eglise Saint-Eucaire

    This church founded in the 5th century was originally located outside the city walls, on the Roman road to Mainz. It is dedicated to Saint Eucaire, the first bishop of Trier in the 3rd century. Rebuilt between the 12th and 15th centuries, it encompasses a range of architectural styles from Romanesque art to Flamboyant Gothic. A sturdily built square bell tower, the oldest in Metz, stands at its center. It dates from the second half of the 12th century.

    metz church with pentagon shape-
    Details of the exterior space of the Saint-Étienne Cathedral, Metz

    The Rose Window at the Saint-Étienne Cathedral, Metz.

    The cathedral’s foundation was laid in the early 12th century, likely around 1138. The initial structure was built in the Romanesque style, characterized by its rounded arches, thick walls, and heavy ornamentation. In the late 13th century, construction on the cathedral resumed in the Gothic style. This architectural style emerged in northern France and was characterized by its pointed arches, flying buttresses, and large stained glass windows.
    The Choir (1270-1310): The first major phase of Gothic construction was the choir, completed between 1270 and 1310.
    The Transept (1310-1330): The transept is the arms of the cathedral that extend from the nave. Its large stained glass windows, including the famous “Tree of Jesse,” depict biblical scenes and religious symbolism.
    The Nave (1330-1430): The nave is the main body of the cathedral. Construction took place over a century. The nave’s imposing height and light-filled interior create a sense of awe.
    The West Front (14th century): The cathedral’s west front features three large portals decorated with sculptures and carvings.
    The Towers (15th century): The two towers that flank the west front were added in the 15th century. They were originally designed to be much taller but were never completed.

    Stained Glass Windows by Chagall, Metz

    The Renaissance & Baroque:

    The Renaissance and Baroque periods brought new artistic styles and influences to Metz. The city’s wealthy merchants commissioned grand residences and public buildings decorated with lavish architectural elements. One of such places is Place Saint-Louis (18th century). It’s a beautiful square surrounded by elegant Baroque buildings, featuring a fountain and a statue of Louis XV.

    German Influence:

    The 19th century saw Metz become part of the German Empire. Despite the change in sovereignty, the city continued to thrive, and its architecture and culture absorbed the German art styles. The Belle Époque era brought about significant urban development, including the construction of the Porte des Allemands, a grand triumphal arch (1871). A triumphal arch built in a neoclassical style, commemorating the annexation of Metz by Germany. The arch features sculptures of German military figures and allegorical representations of the city. In the 20th century, Metz was heavily damaged during World War II but has since been carefully restored. Contemporary architecture includes building of the Centre Pompidou-Metz (2010). This is a contemporary art museum that features a large, undulating roof that resembles a boat.

    Here are a few prominent figures who lived in Metz:

    Art museum, Metz, France

    • Saint Ambrose (339-397): A renowned theologian and Church Father who was born in Metz. He was a key figure in the development of Christian doctrine and served as the Bishop of Milan.
    • Charles the Great (742-814): The Carolingian king and emperor, who ruled over a vast empire that included Metz. He is considered one of the most influential figures in European history.
    • Saint Arnould (582-640): The first bishop of Metz, who is credited with founding the city’s first cathedral. He is a patron saint of the city.
    • Saint Clothilde (475-544): The wife of Clovis I, the first Frankish king to convert to Christianity. She is considered a saint and is associated with the city of Metz.
    • Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937): The founder of the modern Olympic Games, who was born in Paris but spent much of his childhood in Metz. His family’s roots are deeply connected to the city.
    • Jean-Marie Le Pen (born 1928): A French politician and the founder of the National Front party. He was born in Metz and spent his early years there.

    A close up of a painting, Metz, France. Photo: Veronica Winters

    Major Historic Sights in Metz

    • Saint-Étienne Cathedral: A magnificent Gothic cathedral renowned for its beautiful stained glass windows and elaborate architecture.
    • Place Saint-Louis: A charming square surrounded by 18th-century buildings, featuring a fountain and a statue of Louis XV.
    • Porte des Allemands: A triumphal arch built to commemorate the annexation of Metz by Germany in 1871.
    • Centre Pompidou-Metz: A contemporary art museum designed by Shigeru Ban, Jean de Gastines, and Philip Gumuchdjian.
    • Temple Neuf: A Protestant church built in the 12th century, featuring beautiful Romanesque architecture.
    • Musée de la Cour d’Or: A museum dedicated to the history and archaeology of the region.
    • Arsenal: A former military arsenal converted into a cultural center, hosting exhibitions and events.
    • Opera House

    Metz’s possesses truly inspiring architectural blend of churches and buildings set against beautiful, clean streets, fountains and summer flowers. If you’re seeking to explore the history and diversity of France, this town is one of such charming places in France.

    Metz art museum-Sargent-veronica winters art blog
    Metz art museum, a small painting by Sargent.

    Visit the art shop now!

    Free Opportunities for artists & creatives with zero tolerance for fees

    These are free opportunities for artists and creatives with zero tolerance for fees. Just like you, I’m fed up with all the fees that organizations charge to support their businesses at artists’ expense. In my opinion, expenses must be covered by the sponsors, not the artists. So, I’ll be adding new, free contests, grants, and opportunities for artists on this page.

    lady reading letters of Heloise and Abelard-1780-A. dAgesci
    A lady reading letters of Heloise and Abelard-1780 by Auguste Bernard d’Agesci, oil painting, Art Institute of Chicago

    Art Contests:

    Jerry’s Artarama Art Contests: https://www.jerrysartarama.com/art-contests

    Public Art:

    N/A

    Grants & Residencies:

    The Pollock-Krasner Foundation provides financial resources for visual artists to create new work, acquire supplies, rent studio space, prepare for exhibitions, attend a residency and offset living expenses. The Foundation welcomes, throughout the year, applications from visual artists who are painters, sculptors, and artists who work on paper, including printmakers. There are no deadlines. Grants are intended for one year. The Foundation will review expenditures relating to an artist’s professional work and personal expenses and amounts range up to $50,000. The individual circumstances of the artist determine the size of the grant. Professional exhibition history will be taken into consideration. Artists must be actively exhibiting their current work in professional artistic venues, such as gallery and museum spaces. https://pkf.org/apply/

    The Sharpe-Walentas Studio Program awards rent-free non-living studio space to 17 visual artists for year-long residencies in DUMBO, Brooklyn. https://www.thestudioprogram.com/apply

    Fellowship

    New York Foundation for the Arts

    Other related contests:

    Swift Student Challenge by APPLE: https://developer.apple.com/swift-student-challenge


    Your opportunity must be fee-free for artists to be included on this page. Contact: nika@veronicasart.com

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    From Perseus to Trojan War: 7 strange myths of Mycenae that changed ancient Greece

    Mycenae is the ancient archeological site near Mykines in Argolis, Greece. It’s a fascinating place to visit when you learn about its connection to the ancient Greek history. 16th century BC to be exact. It’s a place of one of the oldest known cultures in the world- the Mycenaeans. They wrote in Linear B text, the cyclopes built walls and people worshiped the Earth goddess. Perseus founded Mycenae and Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, set out against Troy in the Trojan War. Go on a journey to discover myths and art of ancient Greece.

    Video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/V1iCUh91qD0

    To read and see pictures about Mycenae, Greece: https://veronicasart.com/from-perseus-to-trojan-war-7-mind-blowing-myths-about-mycenae-that-changed-ancient-greece/

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Promoting Your Art in the Digital Age: Best Practices for Growing Your Fandom

    Professionals in the creative sector must adjust to the changing dynamics and prospects of the digital marketplace, where skill in online marketing and sales is becoming crucial. The global online art market was valued at $9.18 billion in 2022, highlighting the significant audience and market potential for digital offerings. If your approach has mainly focused on traditional methods up to this point, like ad placement in art magazines or art contests’ participation, it would be beneficial to delve into the digital domain to greatly increase your exposure and connect with a much wider, varied audience. This transition builds stronger brand, authority, and creates new opportunities for income and creative output.

    Utilizing Social Media to Expand Your Audience

    Social media platforms, like Instagram and TikTok, have revolutionized how artists connect with potential fans. These platforms not only allow artists to showcase their creativity but also to engage with a broader audience through dynamic and interactive video content. However, the immense volume of content uploaded every minute makes standing out a real challenge, especially with constant algorithmic changes. This is where organic growth strategies become invaluable. 

    By focusing on authentic engagement—responding to comments, participating in trends, messaging and thanking people, and creating original content—you can build a loyal following. To further enhance your visibility, it’s important to grow your audience with organic TikTok growth tactics by using targeted hashtags and joining platform-specific challenges to capture the attention of those art fans who are most likely to appreciate your work. Some artists choose to accelerate this process by employing professional services that specialize in organic growth, ensuring that their interactions remain genuine and impactful. Spend some time researching such companies, looking into other creatives who used their services to make your judgment about possible collaboration.

    Establishing a Professional Online Platform

    Building your own website for showcasing your art projects creates a strong, refined presence and establishes a central location for your portfolio. It’s paramount that your website strikes a balance between visual appeal and functional simplicity, enabling visitors to effortlessly browse and complete purchases. 

    You must adapt your site for easy browsing on mobile devices. For example, if you use WordPress, pick a theme that makes automatic adaptation/ resizing of your website on different screens. Look at websites of your favorite artists to see what’s done well and can be borrowed for your site.

    To build authority, use clear, high-quality images, art in interior space, art with collectors and in collections, exhibition reviews, detailed ‘about’ page with highlights of your shows and magazine features, and contact information, like the email you check regularly.

    Fostering Community Interaction With Engaging Content

    Sustained engagement goes beyond routine art posts. Incorporating interactive features like live broadcasts, question-and-answer sessions, and cooperative projects with other creatives can greatly enhance your connection with your community. 

    Such activities show your audience that they are appreciated and give them insight into your creative process, which personalizes their experience and helps build a supportive community around your projects. Update your followers, fans and community about your new creative projects, art, upcoming shows to build the brand and create anticipation about your future initiatives.

    Harnessing Email Marketing to Maintain Audience Connection

    Email marketing remains a vital strategy for keeping in touch with your followers directly. Gathering email addresses through your website, social media or at live events enables you to build a mailing list. This list serves as a channel to distribute news about upcoming releases and special promotions. 

    Sending out regular newsletters helps keep your followers interested and engaged, ensuring they stay updated even if they do not frequent your social media or main site. Tailoring emails to address each recipient by name and writing interesting headlines and newsletters can significantly enhance open rates and strengthen the relationship with your audience. You want to write an email that you wish to read yourself without being spammy. By writing your emails, look for a genuine connection with your audience.

    Applying Analytics to Sharpen Your Audience Engagement Strategies

    Gaining insights into your audience’s preferences and behaviors through analytics is essential for refining your promotional tactics and crafting content. Social media platforms typically offer foundational analytics that reveal high-performing posts, the composition of your audience, and peak activity times. 

    By analyzing these patterns, you can segment your audience and design content that appeals to specific groups, enhancing relevance and engagement. For instance, segment artists who are interested in your teaching skills. Have a different segment for art collectors. This strategic use of data helps in customizing your communications to boost interaction and engagement rates.

    Collaborating with Other Artists and Influencers

    Collaborating with fellow creators and influencers can introduce your projects to a much wider range of audiences and bring new perspectives to your work. Forming alliances with creators who share a portion of your audience yet also reach different groups is beneficial; it presents your projects to individuals who are likely intrigued by your unique style. It should be interesting and relevant to both parties. Establish collaborations with like-minded people where you both can benefit from. Engaging in joint promotional efforts, like combined giveaways or shared events, can extend your influence and attract an even wider array of followers.

    filippo tincolini-spacesman seat-marble, art contexxt miami
    Filippo Tincolini, Spaceman seat, Marble sculpture, photo: V. Winters

    Conclusion

    The digital environment presents unmatched opportunities for those who are prepared to innovate and adopt new methods for displaying their projects. Direct interactions with followers on social media, enhancing your website’s effectiveness, or leveraging data analytics to guide your strategic choices—all these actions open doors to immense potential for those willing to leverage them. As you delve deeper into these digital channels, maintaining consistency and genuine engagement are crucial strategies for success in the constantly changing online world.

    The statue of Liberty

    statue of liberty-Strasbourg
    The Statue of Liberty, Strasbourg, France.

    I spent two days in the Louvre. On my way home, I flew from Paris to JFK, New York. My husband and I were stopped, detained, and 2 guys from the US border protection services asked us to open our phones and give those to them. They said that if the phone is open, it would be quick and I’d get it back in a couple of hours. They also gave us a paper with a local phone to call about our phones. Mind you, it’s been a week of not receiving the phones back. The suggested number to call doesn’t work (no one answers it). I’ve been a US citizen for over 15 years and immigrated to the States over 26 years ago. I’m an artist, writer and educator who was stopped and detained. We pay all taxes and contribute to this economy and society in every way we can. None of the reasons listed in the paper applied to us besides the ‘random search’ one. Obviously, it’s not random.

    If you’re about to travel abroad, please know that you have a legal right not to give them passwords or codes but you have to give up the device at their request.

    This statue of liberty is located near Strasbourg in France. It’s a representation of freedom and democracy for most Americans. Unfortunately, it’s a complete illusion. If you’re a dreamer, understand that this level of targeting civil liberties is getting one step closer to the tyranny of Stalin’s repressions. British people get arrested and jailed for speaking the truth. This erosion of freedom and democracy is real under constant surveillance of this state. Every day a small part of freedom is taken away with a new law you have no idea exists.

    Summary of Key Rights as a US citizen generated by ChatGPT:

    • You cannot be denied entry as a U.S. citizen.
    • CBP can conduct routine searches without suspicion, but advanced or intrusive searches may require reasonable suspicion.
    • You are not required to provide passwords for electronic devices, though refusal may result in prolonged detention of the device.
    • You do not have the right to an attorney during routine questioning or searches.
    • You can refuse to answer non-identity related questions, but this may result in delays or further inspection.

    Although border searches do involve reduced protections, CBP must still act within the scope of the law, and unreasonable or abusive actions can be challenged in court. If you feel your rights have been violated, you may wish to consult a civil rights attorney or file a complaint with DHS.

    From Perseus to Trojan War: 7 mind-blowing myths about Mycenae that changed ancient Greece

    Mycenae-view from the top
    Mycenae, view from the top of the mountain where excavations unearthed the ancient site.

    Mycenae is the ancient archeological site near Mykines in Argolis, Greece. It’s a fascinating place to visit when you learn about its connection to the ancient Greek history. What seems to be a myth today was a reality in some 16th century BC. This is a place of one of the oldest known cultures in the world- the Mycenaeans. They wrote in Linear B text, the cyclopes built walls and people worshiped the Earth goddess. Perseus founded Mycenae and Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, set out against Troy in the Trojan War. Thanks to independent excavations of an adventurer and explorer, Heinrich Schliemann in 1876, Mycenae got unearthed to us today. Mycenae is located about 120 km (75 miles) south-west of Athens, near Argos. Corinth is about 48 km (30 miles) away from it. The site stands on a beautiful mountain rising 900 feet (274 meters) above the sea level. The collapse of the Mycenaean civilization happened around 1100 BC.

    Mycenae excavations

    While you can view some artifacts from these excavations in a nearby archeological museum, other items are on display at the museum in Athens. I’m placing pictures about the Mycenean culture from both museums here. I also put some pictures of the local landscape and excavations in the area for you to see how it looks like today. Some pictures look orange and it’s not because of a fancy filter. When we visited Mycenae, the sky turned orange and a rain of sand drops covered the entire landscape as far as we could see. It turned out, it was due to the Sahara dust storm that moved with the wind turning everything orange. The sand covered trees, cats and us. 🙂 The historic descriptions of the place you’ll see below come from the area and museums I visited there.

    Mycenean figures in excavations of the site in Mycenae, Greece
    Mycenean figures revealed during the excavations of the site in Mycenae, Greece

    Fact or Myth #1: Perseus found Mycenae

    According to Greek legends, Mycenae was founded by Perseus, son of the god Zeus, and the human princess Danae. King of Argos, Perseus beheaded the gorgon, Medusa who turned men to stone. The legend tells a story that Perseus after fulfilling the prophecy that he would kill his grandfather Acrisios, exchanged the kingdom of Argos for that of Tiryns and then founded Mycenae, a new city for himself.

    "It's known to the Greeks, that Perseus founded Mycenae……." Pausanias, II, 15,4
    Perseus with the Head of Medusa, Antonio Canova, Italian, commissioned by Count Jan and Countess Valeria Tarnowski, 1804–6, the Met, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/204758

    Where does the name ‘Mycenae’ come from? There are at least 3 explanations given for this name.

    1. It comes from Perseus’ sword pommel that he dropped in this place. The sword had a mushroom shape (mykes).

    2. It comes from an actual mushroom that Perseus picked up to drink from when he was thirsty. It caused a spring to well up (Perseia spring).

    3. Homer derives the name from Mycenae, a nymph of great beauty but of uncertain origins. The Perseid dynasty ruled over Mycenae and its territories for at least three generations. Eurystheus, the last of the line, was the king for whom Hercules performed his famous twelve labors. When Eurystheus was killed in a battle against the Athenians and the sons of Hercules, the people of Mycenae chose Atreus, the son of Pelops, to become their king.

    Perseus beheading Medusa
    Perseus beheading Medusa, terracotta lekythos (oil flask), attributed to the Diosphos Painter, ca. 500 BCE the Met. While Perseus flies over the Medusa, Pegasus jumps out from the gorgon’s dead body. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/247488

    Fact or Myth #2: Perseus employed Cyclopes to build the walls

    To fortify his city, Perseus employed the mythical “Cyclopes” to build the walls and it is from that event the style of gigantic masonry is named “Cyclopean”. So the cyclopean masonry can be seen in the Lion Gate and the North Gate. It’s believed that the cyclopes built the walls around the gate because the weight of these stones is between 20-100 tons!

    Funerary Proto-Attic Amphora with a depiction of the blinding of the cyclops Polyphemus by Odysseus and his companions, 670-660 BCE Eleusis-veronica winters art blog
    Funerary Proto-Attic Amphora with a depiction of the blinding of the cyclopes- Polyphemus by Odysseus and his companions, 670-660 BCE, Eleusis. The Cyclops is depicted on the right of the vase | photo: Veronica Winters

    Who are the cyclopes in ancient Greek mythology? Cyclopes are a race of giants with one eye in the middle of their foreheads. Their name comes from the Greek words Kýklōpes, which means “circle-eyes” or “round-eyes”. The Cyclopes are often depicted as unintelligent and work as shepherds. They are known for their extraordinary strength, height, and power. Two of the main myths appear in the works of Homer and Hesiod, 7th-century BCE poets and storytellers. In Theogony, Hesiod describes the Cyclopes as three brothers named Arges, Steropes, and Brontes who were blacksmiths and made Zeus’s thunderbolt. In the Odyssey, the Cyclopes are an uncivilized group of shepherds that Odysseus encounters, including Polyphemus, one of their brothers. In the story, Odysseus and his men get trapped in Polyphemus’s cave after eating and drinking his food. Odysseus eventually blinds Polyphemus by plunging a burning stake into his eye while he’s sleeping, and escapes with six of his friends by clinging to the bellies of Polyphemus’s sheep.
    The Cyclopes are also known for building the Cyclopean walls of Mycenae and Tiryns, and for helping the Olympian gods defeat the Titans in the Titanomachy. In gratitude, the gods released the Cyclopes from Tartarus after Uranus imprisoned them for unruly behavior, and the Cyclopes went on to make Hades’s helmet, Poseidon’s trident, and Artemis’s silver bow.

    Mycenae-stones, cyclopean walls

    Fact or Myth #3: The Lion Gate mystery reveal

    The Lion Gate, Mycenae

    THE LION GATE

    The main gate of the Acropolis was constructed in the middle of the 13th century BC. One of its main features is a limestone slab, which fills the area of the “relieving triangle” and bears two lions facing each other in relief. Their front paws lean on two small altars supporting a column. The missing heads were probably made of a different material- steatite. These lions look different and out of place like they were carried from someplace and set in here to make this unusual entrance. This is the earliest example of a monumental sculpture set between the gigantic stones that symbolize the royal house of Mycenae.

    THE NORTH (POSTERN) GATE

    It was constructed during the second building phase of the walls around 1250 BC. Four monolithic blocks of conglomerate (‘almond stone’) form the two jambs, the lintel and the threshold. The gate was closed with a double wooden door, bolted by a sliding bar. Instead of a relieving triangle, it has two, plain, vertical slabs set on edge above the lintel, thus transferring the weight to the two doorposts. Inside the gate is a small internal court, from which a road led up to the megaron. The special care with which the two large gates of the citadel were built attests to the Mycenaean masons’ expertise.

    The Gate shows the Cyclopean masonry with multi-ton stones.

    Fact or Myth #4: Discovery of the Agamemnon Shrine of the Mycenean king who fought in the Trojan War

    THE AGAΜΕΜΝΟΝΕΙΟΝ

    In Greek mythology, Agamemnon was a legendary king of Mycenae who led the Greek army during the Trojan War. Famous for his bravery and military skills, Agamemnon was the son of King Atreus and Queen Aerope, and the brother of Menelaus. He married Clytemnestra, and they had several children, including Iphigenia, Electra, Orestes, and Chrysothemis.

    The Agamemnoneion is one of the most important shrines of historical times in the vicinity of Mycenae. It is located approximately 1 km southwest of the Acropolis. Excavations in the area brought to light the architectural remains of a rectangular building that was used from the late Geometric ( 700 BC) to the Hellenistic period ( 2nd century BC). The early form of the shrine remains unclear. However, in the Hellenistic period, the shrine was repaired and transformed into a temenos.

    Most of the finds come from an archaic deposit that contained among other finds geometric and archaic Argive pottery and archaic figurines, all of which appear to be offerings to male gods or heroes. Inscribed sherds referring to Agamemnon, have led to the identification of this small sanctuary as a shrine of the hero and protagonist in Homer’s Iliad.

    The Trojan War

    The Trojan War is the most famous event in Greek mythology that involves a decade-long siege of the city of Troy by the Greeks. Three goddesses, Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite quarreled who was the fairest of them all. Their judge, Paris, the handsome son of the Trojan king Priam, decided in favor of Aphrodite and as a reward, was promised the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen, wife of king Menelaus of Sparta.

    The abduction of Helen, Queen of Sparta, by Paris, the Prince of Troy triggered the Trojan War. Helen’s husband, King Menelaus of Sparta, convinced his brother, King Agamemnon of Mycenae, to lead an expedition to Troy to retrieve her. Agamemnon was joined by many Greek heroes, including Achilles, Odysseus, Nestor, and Ajax, and a fleet of 1186 ships and more than 100.000 men from 22 different states set out against Troy under the command of Agamemnon, king of Mycenae.

    The ten-year war included many events, such as raids on other cities, single combat challenges, mutinies, and love affairs. The Greeks won many battles and killed the Trojan hero Hector, but they were unable to break through the walls of Troy. Odysseus then devised a plan to trick the Trojans into opening the gates by leaving behind a large wooden horse containing a raiding party. When the Trojans brought the horse into the city, the Greeks opened the gates and sacked Troy, killing the men and taking the women.
    The war is told in many works of Greek literature, most notably Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, which were likely composed in the 8th century BC. The Trojan hero, Hector, was slain by Achilles. Homer’s poem ends there and does not mention Achilles’ death, the stratagem of the wooden “Trojan Horse” and the sack of Troy.

    The legends of Mycenae: the house of Pelops

    Atreus, son of Pelops, ruled Mycenae. His enmity, towards his brother Thyestes led him to give the unfortunate man the flesh of his own children to eat (the so-called “Thyestean feast”). The deed brought upon Atreus and all his descendants the wrath of the gods and Thyestes’ curse. His son and heir, Agamemnon, was murdered on his return from the Trojan war by his own wife Clytemnestra, assisted by her lover, Aegisthos. Orestes, Agamemnon’s son, and his sister Elektra killed both their mother and Aegisthos. After that, Orestes was forced to flee, pursued by the Fates, until he was finally acquitted by the Areopagus court in Athens. The last king of Mycenae, according to tradition was Tisamenos, Orestes’ son. He got killed while defending his state from an incursion by the descendants of Heracles.

    Mycenean gold, in the Athens museum

    Fact or Myth #5: The Agamemnon’s Gold Mask Mystery

    Agagemnon gold mask history
    The Mask of Agamemnon is displayed at the National Archeological Museum in Athens.

    The Mask of Agamemnon is a gold funeral mask that was discovered in 1876 by archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in the shaft graves of a royal cemetery at Mycenae, Greece (Grave Circle A). This mask was one of several gold funeral masks found laid over the faces of the dead buried in the shaft graves of a royal cemetery. The golden mask is 12 inches tall. Made from a single sheet of pure gold, it was hammered thin over a wooden mold. It’s considered one of the most famous discoveries from the Late Bronze Age as it shows the wealth and craftsmanship of the Mycenaeans at that time. The mask is displayed in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens.

    Schliemann named the mask after the famous king of ancient Mycenae, Agamemnon, who is featured in Homer’s Odyssey and Euripides’ plays. The archeologist believed the mask was Agamemnon’s because of its preservation and nobility, and thought it could prove the king’s existence. However, the mask’s origin is up to debate since its discovery. Some art historians and archaeologists believe the mask is not Agamemnon’s because modern research has dated the mask to 1550-1500 BCE, which is 300 years before Agamemnon would have lived.

    Grave Circle A

    Grave Circle A is an extensive cemetery of the Middle Helladic and the early Late Helladic period, which spread west of the citadel. It was used for royal burials exclusively during the 16th century BC. It contained six shaft graves (I-VI), five of which were excavated by H. Schliemann in 1876 and one by P. Stamatakis in the following year. Marked with stone stelai, the graves contained inhumations of family members, luxury grave goods, etc that are on view at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. Initially, Grave Circle A lays extra muros. Around 1250 BC, however, and with the extension of the cyclopean wall westwards, the royal burial ground appeared within the area of the citadel. The construction of a circular enclosure enhanced the structure.

    What is the Helladic Period in Ancient Greece? The Helladic period is an archaeological term used to describe the culture of mainland Greece during the Copper and Bronze Ages, from around 3200–1050 BC. It's divided into three phases: Early, Middle, and Late Helladic. The Late Helladic period is also known as the Mycenaean period.
    Gold iron ritual weapons found in grave IV, circle A, Mycenae 16th BCE

    Some Excavated Buildings in the area:

    1. The Pylos tholos tombs, 16th-14th centuries BC

    The characteristic Mycenaean tholos tombs, with their strange beehive-shaped funerary chamber and long entrance passage, first appeared in Messenia. Two large tholos tombs (Tombs III and IV) were constructed near the palace at Pylos in the 16th century BC. Although looted, they contained many precious grave gifts, which spoke of the rulers’ wealth in this region. (There are the tholos tombs at Myrsinochori (Routsi) found in the area of Pylos, one of the early Mycenean centers in Messenia).

    Submycenaean Geometric Period

    Although the area of Mycenae was gradually abandoned at the end of the 13th century BC, it was inhabited in the centuries that followed. The submycenaean and protogeometric periods are represented exclusively by burials in the south slope of the Acropolis, in the area of the Tholos tomb of Clytemnestra and Grave Circle B. Evidence of the geometric period comes from a number of houses built over the ruins of the palace as well as pottery both inside and outside of the fortification wall. This fragmentary pottery is probably connected with some kind of hero cult.

    Early Geometric period vases, the figure of eight shield, an ivory sphinx, some golden decorations, etc shown at the Mycenae archeological museum

    Early geometric period vases displayed in the Athens museum

    2. House of Columns

    The most important building on the east slope of the citadel. At its northwest corner, where the main entrance was situated, are preserved the doorjambs and the threshold of the conglomerate. The house owes its name to the existence of a colonnade in its central courtyard. Destroyed in fire, the building is dated to the second half of the 13th century BC. In the basement and storerooms of this building, archeologists found commercial stirrup jars with a Linear B tablet.

    3. Artisan’s Quarter

    Together with the House of Columns, the Artisans’ Quarter belongs to the east wing of the palace. This building complex was almost a square in its ground plan. It had two floors with a staircase in its northwest corner. Only the foundations exist here today.
    The Artisans’ Quarter has two rows of rooms on both sides of a narrow courtyard with an entrance. The building is known as an artists’ workshop on the basis of excavated objects found here – unfinished ivory objects, raw materials, gold leaf, remnants of semi-precious stones, etc. It dates to the second half of the 13th century BC. It was also destroyed in the conflagration at the end of the century.

    4. Great Ramp & Hellenistic Chambers


    Acquiring the form of a wide monumental ramp, the sloping ascent to the top of the citadel appeared in the late 13th century BC. Paved with thin slabs of schist, it was supported by a cyclopean retaining wall. The ramp begins from the inner courtyard of the Lion Gate, follows the incline of the rock, and stops at its south end. At the end of the ramp lies a suite of four Hellenistic chambers. Their function was possibly related to the processing and dyeing of textiles, a common activity of that period.

    Acropolis of Mycenae, oil jars, 14-13 BCE

    5. Ramp House & House of the Warrior Vase

    These two houses are situated to the south of the Grave Circle A. The Ramp House had at least two floors, but only the foundations of the ground floor have survived to today. The House of the Warrior Vase is named after a famous krater decorated with the Mycenaean warriors. The building consists of basements and storerooms as storage jars with carbonized olives and bronze vases were found inside it. Both houses have the burials of the Helladic period, indicating that this entire area was previously a part of the Prehistoric Cemetery, which occupied the west slope of the hill before the fortification walls were constructed.

    6. Other houses outside the Grave Circle B.

    There is another group of excavated houses that lie outside the city walls. These are the House of Shields, the House of the Oil Merchant, the House of the Sphinxes, and the West House.

    art symbols
    Butterflies printed on ancient Greek golden disks found in Mycenae, Grave Circle A. They date to 16 BCE. A butterfly was a symbol of the soul in the ancient Greek world. The cocoon was a symbol of rebirth. The pomegranate was a symbol of bounty. Gold balances represented the weighting of the soul in the Underworld. | Photo: Veronica Winters

    Fact or Myth #6: Linear A and Linear B tablets discovery

    According to Wikipedia, during the second millennium BC, there were four major branches: Linear A, Linear B, Cypro-Minoan, and Cretan hieroglyphic languages.

    Linear A is a writing system of the Minoans practiced between 1800 BC and -1450 BC on the island of Crete. ( the Minoan civilization preceded the Mycenean one). The Linear A script evolved into the Linear B script, which was used by the Mycenaeans as the earliest form of ancient Greek language. It’s fascinating to learn that modern archeologists and historians still can’t read the Linear A script but they can read the Linear B texts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_A

    The Phaistos disc is found in Crete with linear A script displayed at the museum on the island of Crete. The Phaistos disk is a round, clay tablet. It has 45 pictorial signs being arranged in different combinations forming 61 groups. These groups are separated by incised lines that might represent words. These signs were stamped into soft clay with seals arranged in a spiral on both sides of the disc.
    Experts don’t understand the language or this writing in relation to Cretan scripts. The repetition of some combinations of signs suggests that the inscription is either a hymn or a magical text created in the early 17th century BC!

    Examples of the Linear B script. The images are examples of the texts I saw in the archeological museums of Greece.

    Linear B script has been proven to be the first form of Greek writing. In 1900, Arthur Evans discovered the script in the palace of Knossos in Crete, where the Myceneans lived after 1450 BC. The Linear B text wasn’t read as a language until the discovery of a large archive of clay tablets stored in the Mycenean palace at Pylos in 1939. British architect, Michael Ventris and his assistant philologist John Chadwick deciphered Linear B texts in 1952. They proved that the tablets were written in an early form of the Greek language preceding the Homeric poems.

    Linear B is a syllabic script. Each symbol corresponds to a certain syllable. It consists of about 90 syllabic signs, numerals, and ideograms (every picture denotes a concept). The Palace kept its records in the form of these clay tablets, which were administrative documents, such as lists, inventory recordings, and tax forms. These ancient recordings give invaluable insight into the palace’s hierarchy, social status, professions, trade, and manufacture of goods.

    Fact or Myth #7: The birthplace of Hera’s worship & a peacock

    Marble Head of Hera found in the Argive Heraion. Hera was the queen of the gods, wife to Zeus, and the patroness of women, marriage, and childbirth.

    THE ARGIVE HERAION, The sanctuary of Hera near Mycenae

    Hera herself claims to be the protector of Argos in Iliad IV, 50–52: "The three towns I love best are Argos, Sparta and Mycenae of the broad streets". 

    The sanctuary of Hera was the famous, ancient cult center that lay on a low hill between Argus and Mycenae. It was probably the birthplace of the worship of Hera in ancient Greece. The first temple of Hera was built in the 7th century BC that burned to the ground in the fire. It’s said that it’s due to neglect of the priestess Chryseie in 423 BC.

    The second, the Doric temple was built to honor the goddess by the architect Eupolemos of Argus about 420-410 BC. right on a terrace below the old temple. Some parts of the 5th-century temple were preserved, including lavish sculptural decorations. The depiction of the birth of Zeus decorated the pediment of the east side of the temple. The Gigantomachy decorated the metopes of the same side. The Trojan War cycle themes dominated the west side of the temple. The west pediment had a representation of the Sack of Troy. The metopes of this side depicted the Trojan Amazonomachy. There were also some lion-shaped water spouts, relief palmettes, tendrils, and cuckoos, the bird answered to the goddess.

    The colossal gold and ivory cult statue of Hera that had stood inside the temple was the work of the Argive sculptor Polydoitas. Its form is known from the depictions on coins of Argos issued in the 2nd century AD and from the descriptions of the travel writer Pausanias. * From the description in the museum in Athens.

    The Peacock in Greek Mythology

    The peacock was a sacred bird to Hera, Hera became jealous when Zeus would spend time with one of his many mistresses, and recruited Argus to watch her with his hundred eyes. (According to Ovid, Argus had a hundred eyes). When Argus got killed, Hera set his eyes on the peacock's tail to immortalize him. In another version of this myth, Hera turned Argus into a peacock. This bird pulled her chariot in honor of his faith to her. Juno, Roman goddess has similar to Hera status and myth.

    Other fun facts about the Mycenean world:

    1. The use of Seals

    Seals appeared in the Aegean area in the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC). They had a long history of use in the advanced administrative systems of the Near Eastern cultures. Their widespread, administrative use reaches its apex in the Minoan palaces.

    The microscopic engraved stones and the seal rings were true works of art that were used as jewelry, votive offerings, and amulets. The seals were used alone and in combination with the clay sealings for many years, confirming the existence of goods quality control. People who owned and used them were representatives of the upper class or other authority. Although the Mycenaeans were influenced by Minoan iconography, they used the seals primarily as objects of authority, while their contribution to the central administrative system was supplementary to the clay tablets. Their rich iconographic repertoire provides valuable information concerning religious convictions, the administrative framework and the social structure. * From the museum in Heraklion, Crete

    2. The status of Women in the Mycenaean World

    Women’s role in the Mycenaean world is suggested through iconography, precious and household objects, and the Linear B tablets. Many skills in the domestic economy that included special skills like textile-making and corn grinding belonged to slave women or female-tied workers.

    There are many Linear B symbols talking about the textiles dying. The fabric was wool of different weights, to purple-red color. People worked in different stages making fabric, having separate professions for each step of the process.

    The upper-class women were involved in royal activities that included the creation of personal, refined adornment pieces. The goddesses wore ornate Minoan dresses. The female priestesses played an important role in religious activities that gave them special social status.

    The vast majority of this information comes from the local museum & notes placed along the route in the archeological site of Mycenae, Greece that I visited in 2024. I also used some Google to write the summary of the Trojan war and alike. If you’d like to explore other fascinating archeological sites of Greece, visit the links below as I explore the archeology and art of Delphi, Holy Meteora and more.

    Greek art styles

    Greek art is generally divided into four major periods, each with distinct styles and characteristics:

    1. Geometric Period (900 – 700 BCE):
      • Emerging from the Greek Dark Ages, Geometric art is characterized by its focus on geometric patterns and stylized figures.
      • Pottery decoration is prominent, featuring abstract motifs like meanders, triangles, and swastikas.
      • Human and animal figures are depicted in a simplified, geometric manner.
    2. Archaic Period (700 – 480 BCE):
      • This period witnessed a shift towards more naturalistic depictions.
      • Sculptors began carving figures in the nude, adhering to a rigid and idealized form known as the Archaic smile.
      • Pottery decoration continued to evolve, with the introduction of the black-figure technique where figures are painted in black silhouette against a red background.
    3. Classical Period (480 – 323 BCE):
      • Considered the pinnacle of Greek art, the Classical period emphasized balance, proportion, and realism.
      • Human figures were depicted in more natural poses with a focus on ideal beauty and perfect anatomy.
      • The red-figure technique dominated pottery decoration, with intricate details and narrative scenes.
      • Famous Classical sculptors like Phidias and Polyclitus developed influential styles portraying gods and heroes in a majestic and harmonious way.
    4. Hellenistic Period (323 – 31 BCE):
      • Following the conquests of Alexander the Great, Hellenistic art embraced a wider range of emotions and expressions.
      • Sculptures became more dynamic and dramatic, capturing movement and individual personalities.
      • Art from this period often reflected a more theatrical and emotional style.
      • Genre scenes depicting everyday life gained popularity alongside mythological themes.
    https://veronicasart.com/
    The Colored Pencil Manual
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    More about Ancient Greece:

    What you don’t know about Ancient Delphi, God Apollo, Oracle, Myths, History, Architecture & Art

    You can take a deep dive into ancient Greek history by virtually visiting Delphi, the cult center with its gods, oracles, art, architecture, and myths.

    To see art, articles, and references for this episode, visit: https://veronicasart.com/cult-center-of-delphi-its-history-oracles-greek-myths-architecture-and-art/

    Video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/qogqH1kKzHM

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    How to find your unique art style

    The artist’s style defines the creator in the eyes of art collectors, curators, artists and any art enthusiasts. The artist’s name becomes the brand name. In this episode, I share my thoughts on happiness, creativity and how to find your unique voice or art style. These are my ideas that you can explore further in your art and life.

    Video https://youtu.be/5YejRjRYLEQ

    You can read the essays here: https://veronicasart.com/can-you-just-do-on-artistic-inspiration-self-doubt-and-work/

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Cult center of Delphi: its history, Apollo, oracles, Greek myths, architecture and art

    The cult center of Delphi: its history, architecture, oracles, Greek myths & art

    Delphi buildings reconstruction-veronica winters art blog
    Ancient Delphi: buildings reconstruction shown at the site

    When I looked at the images of Delphi before going to Greece, I wasn’t impressed with the site. Not much was left there but a few columns and stones. However, when I reached that place, I was stunned by Delphi’s ethereal beauty and historical significance. The ruins of ancient Delphi lie less than a mile east of the modern town of Delphi (which is small and insignificant).

    Situated at the top of Mount Parnassos, the breathtaking view of ancient Delphi channels mysticism, history and unique culture. This is the place where Zeus marked the center of the world, God Apollo slayed the serpent, the oracle uttered her prophecies that influenced ancient Greek history, the Pythian Games came about and the Greeks worshiped their gods with incredible offerings. Delphi couldn’t be a more beautiful place for a temple to Apollo.

    According to ancient legends, the first settlement of Delphi was a shrine of the Earth Mother, Gaia. Ice-age people worshiped her divine powers. When the Mycenaeans lived in the village, Delphi was already known for its sacred oracle and prophecies around the second millennium B.C. (according to the International Dictionary of Historic Places, book).

    Red-Figure Squat Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Birth of Erichthonios, c. 420–410 BCE, attributed to Meidias Painter, Greek, Attic, active c. 420–400 BCE. A closeup of a vase, The Cleveland Museum of Art.

    The seated earth goddess Gaia or Ge handed her baby, Erichthonios, to Athena. Conceived from the seed of Hephaistos, Erichthonios would go on to become a king of Athens, and the story of his birth became popular in Athenian art of the 5th century BC.

    In antiquity, reaching an important cultural cult center and sanctuary of Delphi would be a long and tough journey traveling from Attica or other places. It would be a place of cleansing, worship, and rich offerings to receive guidance from the oracle. The messengers sent to enquire of the oracle entered the sanctuary only after being purified in the Castilian Spring. The ancient Greeks consulted the Delphic Oracle as she spoke the truth channeling prophecies from God Apollo himself.

    When you reach Delphi, you’ll see the ruins and foundations of both temples and votive offerings in the Sacred Way with some reconstruction and artifacts in the archeological museum. The sanctuary was destroyed after the last Roman Emperor, Theodosius I, in the name of Christianity, wiped out the temple of Apollo and art in the sanctuary around 390 AD. Only in the 17th century, considerable interest emerged with major excavations taking shape in the 19th century. Greece became independent from the Turks in 1829, and archaeologists began researching the site. They removed a small village built atop Delphi and unearthed the ancient ruins in the late 19th century. In 1935, archeologists found a pit below the paving of the Sacred Way filled with precious materials that got destroyed in the earthquake of 548 B.C. They included parts of the chryselephantine statues (female heads made in bronze and gold), miniatures, silver bull fragments, and other artifacts now displayed at the Museum of Delphi. You can also see some pretty amazing archeological finds like the Naxian Sphinx and the bronze charioteer.

    On your way to Delphi, stop by a small and beautiful town, Arachova. Have some coffee there and climb up the stairs to see a local church. You’ll find a perfect spot for selfies with a stunning landscape below.

    Bronze charioteer of Delphi face closeup
    The Charioteer, a closeup of a bronze sculpture done in the Classical period, 478 BC, 1,82m in height.

    The Oracle, Camillo Miola (Biacca), Italian, (1840 – 1919); 1880; Oil on canvas; 108 x 142.9 cm (42 1/2 x 56 1/4 in.); The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles has a painting called The Oracle by Camillo Miola (Biacca), 42x56in, 1880. This painting depicts the Oracle of Delphi (Pythia) chosen by Apollo.

    The Tholos of Delphi

    The Tholos of Delphi reconstruction shown in Delphi, Greece

    One of the most interesting ancient Greek buildings is the Tholos of Delphi. It’s a masterpiece of ancient Greek architecture because of its elaborate decoration, polychromies, and exceptional craftsmanship. In antiquity, the Tholos stood out among the monuments of the Sanctuary of Athena Pronaia, the first sanctuary encountered by the pilgrims arriving from Attica or Boeotia.

    In the early 4th century BC, the circular edifice consisted of a core structure built from the Pentelic marble originating from Mount Penteli in Attica. Theodoros from Phocaea was the architect of this building because the Roman architect- Vitruvius mentioned his name in the book titled “De Architectura.” The floor was made of white marble in the center and dark limestone from Eleusis towards the circumference.

    The marble roof had layered square panels and bows. The outside space had decorations of dancing women, clay tiles, or marble slabs.

    Made of twenty Doric columns, the outer colonnade supported a frieze with triglyphs and metopes. What we see today at the site is just three columns that were restored in the 1930s to give us a better visual reference of the building. You can see the smaller interior metopes of the tholos in the nearby museum. These are broken pieces of figures from Greek mythology and history.

    Delphi-Greek Doric order-architectural style. Delphi architecture
    Delphi. Greek Doric order architectural style features the triglyphs, metopes, and the Anthemion flower decorating the frieze of the outer colonnade. Triglyph is a vertically channeled angular tablet that defines the Doric style. Metopes are either painted or sculptured decorations set between these triglyphs. (The Parthenon of Athens has 92 metopes). The Anthemion flower is one of the main decorations in Greek architecture and pottery. If we take off the triglyphs and metopes of the Greek building, it would become made in the Tuscan order, not the Doric one).
    The Anthemion shape found on a pottery, Delphi Museum
    The Tholos of Delphi with three reconstructed columns and the ruins of Cella with a staircase. The building was destroyed in a fire in the 1st century B.C. It was partly restored in 1938.

    The cella or ‘temple’ is the inner, windowless chamber with a door in ancient Greek buildings. It usually contained a cult statue or a table with precious offerings. In the Tholos of Delphi, the inner colonnade of ten Corinthian-style half-columns decorated the circular wall inside the cella. The relief metopes of the outer frieze had the scenes of Centauromachy and Amazonomachy, now on display in the Archaeological Museum of Delphi. The conical roof also had sculptural decorations. The original function of the building is unknown. It was possibly associated with the cult of Mother Earth, the first divinity worshipped in the sanctuary.

    The open area of circular Halos, which means the “threshing floor” used to have religious significance with a ritual held every eight years in that place. The ritual showed a reenactment of the god Apollo slaying the serpent. The boy who impersonated Apollo walked the Doloneia staircase situated at the rear of the Halos. There were 4 semi-circular exedras built surrounding the Halos in antiquity with just two of them preserved today. Exedra means a portico or arcade with a bench or seats for people to converse.

    The Tholos observed from the Temple of Apollo

    “Polychromy” means “many colors” in Greek. There are traces of colors left on some ancient Greek sculptures showing cinnabar red, yellow ochre, carbon-based black, and blue pigments.
    “Kunsthistorische Bilderbogen”, Verlag E. A. Seemann, Leipzig. Picture is in the public domain.

    This is a reconstruction of the Polychrome decoration characteristic of the ancient Greek architectural style.

    The Omphalos of Delphi

    The Oracle; Camillo Miola (Biacca) (Italian (Neapolitan), 1840 – 1919); 1880; Oil on canvas; 108 x 142.9 cm (42 1/2 x 56 1/4 in.);

    The Rock of Sibyl: The oldest cult center in Delphi was made of rocks fallen from the Phaedriades, dark limestone cliffs on Mount Parnassos. According to a local tradition, the first prophetess of Delphi, the Sibyl Hierophile, stood here to utter her oracles. It’s believed she had foreseen the fall of Troy. The ancient sanctuary of Earth (Ge) appeared around the sacred spring in this area, meaning that Delphi was the center of the world.

    A copy of The Omphalos of Delphi is displayed in the archeological museum of Delphi. The original stood in the adyton, where Pythia gave the prophecies or oracles. Hellenistic period. Marble. Delphi. Height: 1,23 m, Diameter: 0,92 m.

    The sacred omphalos of Delphi (or navel-stone), are believed to have fallen from the heavens. Devoid of artistic shape, it was a conical stone thrown down by Zeus to find the center of the world, the Earth’s navel. According to the Greek myth, Zeus released two golden eagles to fly in opposite directions from Mount Olympus. These two birds met over Delphi and Zeus threw down a stone there, which became the Earth’s navel thereafter.

    This marble representation of the omphalos is a Hellenistic or Roman copy of the Archaic omphalos, which was kept in the adyton inside the temple of Apollo. The adyton was a restricted area within the cella of a Greek or Roman temple. It was the most sacred part of the temple, often located at the end of the cella, and translates to “innermost sanctuary, shrine” or “not to be entered”. The ancient writings suggest that the sacred tripod, prophetic laurel, and omphalos were all kept in the adyton of the Temple of Apollo, where Pythia pronounced her oracles.

    The relief decoration of the stone imitates the weave of the agrenon, the thick woolen net with attached bands of wool that covered the original sacred omphalos stored inside the adyton. There were many copies of the sacred omphalos that existed at the sanctuary. The exhibited stone may have been the one witnessed by the travel writer Pausanias in the 2nd century AD. According to him, the tied bands had points with gorgon-shaped precious stones. The two golden eagles were affixed to its top.

    It's quite fascinating to learn that the omphalos played an important role in the oracle's predictions, suggesting that Pythia talked to Gods and channeled her oracles through this stone. Moreover, it's speculated that Apollo buried the Python (that was the Earth's spirit) under the Omphalos and that allowed for this communication. 

    The Delphic Tripod: Apollo, Hercules & Pythia

    The Oracle; Camillo Miola (Biacca) (Italian (Neapolitan), 1840 – 1919); 1880; Oil on canvas; 108 x 142.9 cm (42 1/2 x 56 1/4 in.);
    Painting detail showing the Oracle of Delphi sitting on the Delphic Tripod uttering the prophesies. This Delphic tripod was a chair on which the oracle set.

    Apollo as the oracular god, Dionysus as his brother

    The Greek god Apollo arrived at Delphi around 1000 B.C. In legends and myths, the oracle of the earth goddess, Gaia was guarded by a great serpent, the python. Apollo killed the serpent with an arrow and became known as the Pythian Apollo. Apollo is the most important oracular god in ancient Greece. He helped ancient Greeks navigate decision-making by knowing the future and communicating the thoughts of his father, Zeus. Therefore, the oracle was so important to the nation, giving people the divine guidance they needed to live their lives.


    So consultations with the oracle took place in the temple of Apollo every month. The rituals happened inside the temple’s adyton. A priestess sat upon a tripod to cry out her oracles. Following a purification ritual at the Castalian spring, she believed to be in a trance answering questions from the visitors. Some important outcries were engraved on stone. Those cries received interpretation from priests and were written down into verses. People asked different questions in regards to their personal lives, and military and religious conquests. The city-states also asked questions that were written down on a sealed tablet to travel back to them. According to the museum’s description, 615 prophecies were saved in literary sources and inscriptions. The interpretation of such prophecies or oracles was ambiguous because the person who asked the question could interpret them as well. Therefore, God Apollo was also known as Loxias or ambiguous. He represented the best virtues, mainly art, music, poetry, beauty, health, and reasonable behavior.

    Attributed to the Nikon Painter, Terracotta lekythos (oil flask), ca. 460?-450 B.C., Terracotta, H. 15 in. (38.1 cm). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Leon Pomerance, 1953 (53.224)

    Apollo’s younger brother Dionysus, was also worshiped at Delphi. In ancient Greco-Roman sculpture, Dionysus has a beautiful slender body and long, wavy hair, and sometimes is thought to be Apollo and vice versa. Dionysus was the god of wine and irrational behavior. The two gods were worshiped at different times of the year.


    John Collier, Priestess of Delphi, 1891, oil on canvas, 160 cm (62.9 in); width: 80 cm (31.4 in), Art Gallery of South Australia. The artist imagines Pythia sitting on a tripod with vapor rising from a crack in the earth beneath her.

    Several known inscriptions came from the Delphic oracle. In 680 B.C., an oracle ordered the citizens of Megara to find the city of Byzantium (Constantinople/ İstanbul). In 547 B.C., Croesus, the king of Lydia, was told that he would destroy a great kingdom if he crossed the Halys River. He did so, was defeated by the Persians, and it was his own kingdom that was destroyed. In 480 B.C., Athens was threatened by Persian military forces. The oracle told the Athenians that they would be unconquerable behind a wooden rampart. This prophecy proved to be true: an Athenian fleet composed of wooden boats defeated the Persians at the decisive battle of Salamis. Many other of the oracle’s pronouncements influenced political and economic decisions of importance in the Mediterranean world. In return for the oracle’s advice, the temple received numerous valuable gifts. The remains of some of these treasures can be seen in the Delphi Museum. (International Dictionary of Historic Places).

    The Father of Psyche Consulting the Oracle of Apollo-Baron Gerard-1796-JPGetty Museum, Delphi history
    The Father of Psyche Consulting the Oracle of Apollo by Baron François Gérard, 1796, pen and brown and gray ink, brown and gray wash, and gouache, over black chalk,18.9 × 14.6 cm (7 7/16 × 5 3/4 in.), The J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.

    In the picture, Psyche and her mother enter the temple of Apollo at the moment when the oracle delivers a message from the god. With his pointed finger, Apollo prophecies that beautiful Psyche will marry a monster. While the girl falls into despair in her mom’s arms, her father and Cupid stay calm suggesting reason over emotion.

    Simonides Consulting the Oracle of Apollo 1475 JP Getty museum
    Unknown illuminator, Simonides Consulting the Oracle of Apollo, 1475, tempera colors, gold leaf, and gold paint, Leaf: 43.8 × 30.5 cm (17 1/4 × 12 in.), JP Getty museum, Los Angeles.

    This is one of the pages from the illuminated manuscript depicting the Oracle of Apollo.

    Apollo slaying the serpent Python in Greek mythology

    Apollo standing at left shooting a python with an arrow, above to the left are the muses and at right on a cloud, Cupid approaching Apollo, from “Story of Apollo and Daphne”, engraving, Master of the Die, Italian, After Baldassare Tommaso Peruzzi, Italian, 1530–60. The Met. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/364035
    In Greek mythology, Apollo was the son of the king of all gods, Zeus (Jupiter) and a Titan mother, Leto, goddess of darkness. Apollo was one of the twelve gods of Olympus. Python was a gigantic serpent, the son of Gaea (the Earth goddess and the first goddess of the sanctuary), that lived inside the Earth in Delphi in accordance with the ancient Greeks belief. Hera, the wife of Zeus, got upset and decreed to kill Leto before giving birth to her child. Eventually, Leto gave birth to twins in a cave, Apollo and Artemis (Diana), the god of light and the sun and the goddess of the moon and the hunt. Hera sent the python to kill them but baby Apollo protected his family and slayed the serpent shooting arrows with his bow. Apollo's punishment for that act was his servitude to King Admetus as a cowherd for 9 years.
    A closeup of “Latona and Her Children, Apollo and Diana,” William Henry Rinehart, American, 1870, carved 1874, (Leto in Greek).
    In classical, Greco-Roman sculpture Apollo is the ideal of male physical beauty. He was shown nude with arrows and a bow, young, tall, fit, beardless, with long wavy hair collected in a bow-like not and beautiful, well-proportioned face. There are many depictions of Apollo in art history. I think the most beautiful ones are the "Belvedere Apollo" in the Vatican and Bernini's "Apollo and Daphne" in Rome. Below you'll find the most beautiful sculptures of god Apollo.

    Belvedere Apollo, Marble. H. 2.24 m, 7 ft. 4 in, the Vatican. This marble statue is thought to be a copy of a bronze original by the Greek sculptor Leochares from the 2nd century. Usually, it’s on view in the Vatican but it’s under restoration in 2024. Image author: Livioandronico2013 via wikimedia commons, CC BY-SA 4.0. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
    You can also see a life-size plaster cast of the Belvedere Apollo in the Wilcox Classical Museum Collection at the University of Kansas https://wilcox.ku.edu/s/wilcox/item/11600 https://www.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani/en/collezioni/musei/museo-pio-clementino/Cortile-Ottagono/apollo-del-belvedere.html
    Apollo the archer in Pompeii
    Apollo as an Archer (Apollo Saettante), was found in Pompeii, Italy in 1817. Roman, 100 B.C.–before A.D. 79; Bronze, 57 7/8 x 21 5/8 x 44 7/8 in. (147 x 55 x 114 cm).
    This bronze sculpture of Apollo was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD and was discovered in the early 19th century after the discovery of another bronze sculpture of Apollo’s twin sister Artemis. This statue was conserved at the J. Paul Getty Museum in 2009 and 2010.
    Apollo the archer in Pompeii
    The bronze statue of Apollo was made using the lost wax technique. Greeks made the model in clay, then in wax, and then cast it in bronze pieces that they assembled with a fusion welding technique with a finish. They often put eyes made of stones and glass as you can see here. The lost wax process is explained here: https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/apollo_pompeii/lostwax.html
    Apollo’s eye from the sculpture in Pompeii, photo: JP Getty Museum. 500-100 BC, marble, obsidian, glass and copper.
    Cleveland Apollo, the eyes, 350–200 BCE, The Cleveland Museum of Art

    Apollo and Daphne, Bernini 1625-veronica winters art blog
    Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, marble, 1625, the Borghese gallery, Rome.

    In Greek mythology, Apollo, the god of light, poetry, and music, falls in love with Daphne, a nymph and the daughter of the river god Peneus. Apollo angered the Cupid, Eros, the god of love, by mocking his bow and archery skills after killing the Python. In retaliation, Eros shot two arrows: one hit Apollo with a golden tip, causing him to fall in love with the first person he saw, and the other hit Daphne with a lead tip, making her hate romantic advances. When Apollo chases her, she calls for help from her father. Peneus transforms Daphne into a laurel tree to protect her. Apollo later adorns his lyre with the laurel leaves and crowns the victors with laurel leaves. This depiction of Apollo and Daphne comes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses.
    Statue of Eros stringing his bow
    Statue of Eros stringing his bow, marble, 350-330 BC, a Roman copy from the Capitoline Museum of a Greek original by Lysippos; 2nd century AD; marble; height: 123 cm; Capitoline Museum, RomePhoto: Marie-Lan Nguyen. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic license.
    Apollo with a kithara
    Marble statue of Apollo with a kithara and quiver or the Apollo of Cyrene, the British Museum, London. Marble, Roman copy of a Hellenistic original of about 200-150BC. Excavated from the Temple of Apollo at Cyrene (modern Libya). Height: 2.28 meters (7 ft. 6 in.) © The Trustees of the British Museum. Shared under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) license. This statue was discovered broken into many pieces by the British explorers and re-assembled to view at the museum today.
    Torso of Apollo
c. 100–200 CE
    Torso of Apollo, c. 100–200 CE, Marble, 90 cm (35 7/16 in.), Roman, Italy, the Cleveland Museum of Art.

    From the museum’s description: Both the kithara, decorated with griffins, and the swan upon which it rests, signify Apollo’s roles as the god of music and leader of the Muses. Apollo received his lyre from Hermes, who invented it. Swans were considered sacred to Apollo because he gave them the gift of prophecy. Swans sing a glorious song before they die, knowing they will soon return to Apollo to be reborn.
    Marble statue of the so-called Apollo Lykeios, Roman, 130–161 CE, the Met, This is a Roman copy of a Greek bronze of the mid-4th century B.C. often attributed to Praxiteles. This famous statue of Apollo stood in the outdoor gymnasium near Athens. The legs were restored from many shuttered pieces. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/247002
    The Cleveland Apollo or Apollo Sauroktonos (Lizard-Slayer) or Apollo the Python-Slayer
    c. 350–200 BCE, The Cleveland Museum of Art, attributed to Praxiteles, (Greek, Athenian, c. 400–330 BCE)
    or Follower, Greece, Athens, Bronze, copper, and stone inlay, Overall: 150 x 50.3 x 66.8 cm (59 1/16 x 19 13/16 x 26 5/16 in.), Weight: 52.2 kg
    Sculpture by Pietro Francavilla of Apollo‘s first triumph, when he slew with his bow and arrows the serpent Python, which lies dead at his feet. The Walters Art Museum. In my opinion, this is not the best sculpture of Apollo but it’s a famous example within the US.
    Apollo of Sparta statue in Athens
    Apollo of Sparta, Museum in Athens. Marble. 2nd century AD, a marble copy of a famous bronze statue of Apollo Parnopios (450 BC) was created by Pheidias.
    Apollo or Dionysus in Athens museum, marble.
    Contemporary statue of God Apollo in Athens

    Apollo & Heracles fight over the Delphic Tripod

    Apollo and Heracles struggle for the Delphic tripod. Side A from an Attic red-figure stamnos, c. 480 BC. Louvre, wikimediacommons image.
    In Greek mythology, Hercules and Apollo, half-brothers by Zeus, fight over the Delphic tripod in a story that appears in numerous vase paintings. Hercules travels to Apollo's sanctuary at Delphi to consult the oracle, but when she doesn't give him the answer he wants, he becomes enraged and tries to steal the tripod to establish his own oracle. Apollo, who holds the tripod sacred, intervenes and the two half-brothers wrestle over it. Hercules is supported by his patron Athena, while Apollo is supported by his sister Artemis. Zeus eventually tries to break up the fight by throwing a thunderbolt between the brothers. After they are separated, Hercules receives an oracle that condemns him to atone for his crime by serving as a slave to Eurytus for three years. Hercules eventually returns the tripod to Apollo and reconciles with him.
    Apollo and Heracles fight for the Delphic tripod
    Apollo and Heracles fight for the Delphic tripod displayed at the Met. Terracotta amphora (jar)
    Signed by Andokides, Attributed to the Andokides Painter, Attributed to the Lysippides Painter, ca. 530 BCE

    The temple of Apollo in the 4-6th century B.C.

    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/391072

    The Temple of Apollo at Delphi was first built of stone in the 8th century B.C. The ruins of Delphi are the third temple that survived until the Romans. This first temple was destroyed in fire in 548 B.C. and the second one was destroyed in an earthquake in 373 B.C. The third and last temple of Apollo was purposefully destroyed with the rise of Christianity around 390 AD. Roman emperors wiped out pagan culture in Greece including the Sanctuary of Apollo. Both interest and excavations to this site emerged in the 17th century. (International Dictionary of Historic Places, page 183-186.)

    The Temple of Apollo, a closeup showing the ruins and the altar of the third temple of Apollo ( the altar made and dedicated by the people of Chios)
    The Apollo Sanctuary map, copyright international dictionary of Historic Places book

    The first Temple of Apollo was the centerpiece of the sanctuary as the abode of the god and the seat of the oracle. By the 6th century BC, its fame had spread throughout the entire world. The first Temple of Apollo was founded by the god himself, according to the Homeric Hymn to Apollo. However, the fire of 548 B.C. destroyed it.

    The second temple of Apollo

    After the fire, the Temple of Apollo was rebuilt on a much larger scale. The Greeks extended the length of the terrace of the temple. They built a long retaining wall with polygonal blocks and curved joints to keep the ground in place. This construction of the temple lasted for many years and required enormous financing raised in generous contributions of Greek cities, colonies, and foreign rulers. The administration of this new temple was associated with the Alcmaeonids, an aristocratic Athenian family that was living in exile during the tyranny of Peisistratus. The Amphictyony entrusted the completion of the building to the Alcmaeonid family in 510 BC. To receive the god’s patronage as well as the alliance of Greek cities in their struggle against political adversaries, Herodotus wrote that the Alcmaeonids used marble for the temple’s facade. They also hired a famous Athenian sculptor (possibly Antenor) to create sculptures and decorations for the temple. These impressive statues of poros and marble were found in fragmentary condition during the excavations. Placed in compositions, these statues adorn huge gables measuring 2.35 m in height by 19.40 m in width. The result is a visual harmony between restrained sculptural decorations and the austere Doric order of the temple.

    The west pediment was decorated with moving figures, depicting the Gigantomachy (the battle between the Olympian gods and giants). The east pediment has static figures in «hieratic stillness» being in awe of Apollo’s arrival at Delphi. Great classical poets and pilgrims praised the Alcmaeonids and the Athenians for the creation of the Panhellenic sanctuary for over a century.

    The 373 BC earthquake destroyed the temple of the Alcmaeonids. The rockfall buried much of the construction including the statue of the Charioteer we can see in the museum today. The Amphictyony was busy fundraising for the temple’s construction throughout Greece but most of the funds came from the fine imposed on the Phocians for looting the sanctuary during the ten-year Third Sacred War. A recorded testimony of plans, financial management, and technical methods of the site’s construction is left in the inscriptions on the stone stelae found during the excavations.

    The third temple of Apollo

    The third, peripheral Doric temple opened in 330 BC. It had beautiful sculptural decorations set on the pediments that depicted the god Apollo and the Muses on the east side and Dionysus and the Thyiads (or Maenads) on the west side. Persian shields, taken by the Athenians at the Battle of Marathon, were nailed to the metopes.

    Archeological excavations didn’t reveal much about the temple’s interior space as it was destroyed to the ground. It’s assumed that the gilded statue of Apollo stood in the cella. There were wall engravings, and the oracular tripod and the navel-stone would be found under the cella’s floor.

    The Apollo Sanctuary model presented at the Delphi museum

    In recent years, the systematic re-examination of several sculptures that had been neglected in the museum storeroom led to their identification. They were the statues of the two pediments which were previously believed to have been carried off by the Roman emperors. This discovery confirmed the description of the pediments given by Pausanias, who had seen the sculptures in situ in the 2nd century AD and provided us with the picture of two compositions shown in fragments in this display.

    Art of the Athenian artists lacks the majesty and strength of the Archaic pediments of the earlier temple, but features many innovations in iconography. The depiction of the two gods on the same monument and the unique representation of Dionysus as a kithara player. Apollo, the principal deity of the sanctuary concedes the west pediment of his temple and lends his favorite musical instrument, the kithara, to his brother, Dionysus. It appears that this relates to the official recognition of Dionysian worship at the Delphic sanctuary with the support of the temple priests at the time of the pediments’ construction in 340-330 BC. (*taken from the description inside the museum).

    temple of Apollo view with the serpentine column-veronica winters art blog
    The temple of Apollo with the Serpentine column, Delphi, Greece

    The temple of Apollo and stoa of the Athenians, reconstruction, Delphi
    Delphi history & archeology
    This is a white-ground kylix found in a tomb in Delphi and displayed in the archeological museum. Kylix is a cup with a shallow bowl and a tall stem crafted in ancient Greece.

    Created by the unknown vase-painter, the artist crowned Apollo with a wreath of myrtle leaves. The god sits on a fancy stool with legs in the shape of lion paws. Apollo wears a white peplos and red himation draped over his left shoulder. He plays the lyre with his left hand and offers libation with his right one, pouring wine. A black bird (a crow) accompanies Apollo recalls his mythical love for the beautiful Aigle-Koroni, the daughter of King Phlegyas. 480-470 BC.
    I took this picture in the late afternoon in April, showing the Serpentine column and ruins of the Temple of Apollo. You can see the breathtaking view of the ruins and mountains.

    Agora

    Agora is a paved rectangular square with 3 stoas reserved for social interaction and commercial meetings that occurred in late antiquity around the 4th century AD. There is only one out of three stoas preserved today. It had shops where visitors purchased their souvenirs and votives. Five small entrances led to the sanctuary of Apollo. The main entrance of the Sacred Way with the Pythian Games’ processions was the place for the Roman Agora in later times.

    The Stoa of the Athenians

    Stoa with the rear wall. A stoa is a portico consisting of a back wall, a colonnade in front, and a roof (not existing today). The Stoa of the Athenians at Delphi incorporated the pre-existing Polygonal Wall dating back to 560 B.C. It had seven marble columns with just 4 existing today.

    Built between 510- 470 B.C., the stoa of the Athenians was a building in the Ionic style that was located at the center of Apollo sanctuary. Measuring 30 meters long, Stoa housed the trophies from the Athenians’ naval victories. The facade had seven monolithic marble columns (four of which survive) supporting a wooden roof. The Stoa was supported by the polygonal retaining wall of the Temple of Apollo in its back.

    The carved inscription, "ΑΘΗΝΑΙΟΙ ΑΝΕΘΕΣΑΝ ΤΕΝ ΣΤΟΑΝ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΗΟΠΛΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΑΚΡΟΤΕΡΙΑ ΕΛΟΝΤΕΣ ΤΟΝ ΠΟΛΕΜΙΟΝ", notes that the Athenians dedicated the stoa, the ropes from the boats and the prow figureheads to the god after defeating the Persians. The building appears to have been constructed with public funds to promote Athens' leading role in the victory against the Persians at the Pan-Hellenic sanctuary of Delphi.

    Archeology of Delphi
    I think it’s really interesting to see how the ancient Greeks constructed their buildings. In some cases, it looks like they repurposed much older structures, construction materials, and methods of holding the stones together in their architecture.

    The polygonal wall: The well-preserved polygonal retaining wall of the Temple of Apollo was built in the 6th century B.C. It provided support to the terrace with a temple for centuries. The construction blocks and their perfectly fitted curved joins are a construction that features precision and artistic perfection. Many carvings with about 800 inscriptions stretch across the entire length of the wall.

    The Sanctuary of Athena

    In the Sanctuary of Athena, the goddess was worshipped as the patroness of wisdom, fertility, and health. The eastern part of the precinct retains two porous stone foundations of the Archaic temples dedicated to Athena. These Doric-style temples date to the mid-7th century B.C. and to 500 B.C. respectively. The second temple had a surrounding colonnade consisting of six columns on its narrow sides and twelve columns on its long sides. Its interior consisted of two chambers, the pronaos (porch) and the cella. The cella would have had the cult statue of Athena inside it at that time. The earthquake destroyed this temple in 480 B.C.

    The third temple of Athena was made of a local grey limestone in the mid-4th century B.C. in the western part of the precinct. The façade displayed six Doric columns. The opening between the pronaos and cella had two ionic columns. This temple didn’t have a surrounding colonnade.

    The winged goddess, Nike was the symbol of victory who expressed the will of the gods in Greek myths. She named and rewarded the winners. Many Nikes were found at the sanctuary in Delphi coming from public buildings.

    We can also find some meager remains of the two other buildings built around 500 B.C., located east of the temple. They are attributed to the precinct of the local hero Phylakos (Phylacus). According to Herodotus, the two heroes-Phylakos and Autonoos, defeated the Persians in 480 BC by hurling stones down on them.

    The Treasuries

    Beyond the Sacred Way monuments you can find the ruins of over 20 treasuries in which gifts to the shrine were displayed. They had various architecture, offerings and dedication. Unfortunately, not much is left but the stones of some foundations. However, the Doric temple Treasury of the Athenians is reconstructed to view.

    The Siphnian Treasury drawing is shown inside the Museum of Delphi.

    Created in the Ionic order, the treasury was the first one built out of marble completely around 530 BC. It consisted of 3 types of marble – Siphnian, Naxian, and Parian. This treasury had rich sculptural decorations, some depicting scenes from the Trojan War. It was painted in bright colors of blue, red, gold, and green.

    The pediment over the façade of the treasury depicted Zeus attempting to prevent Hercules from stealing the Delphi tripod. The marble roof had sculptures and gutters depicting the lion’s heads. The pediment also had sculptures of Nikes and a sphinx.
    Siphnian treasury north and south friezes exhibited at the Delphi museum.


    There are two, small treasuries present among the non-religious structures in the precinct of Athena Pronaia. These treasuries were dedicated sanctuaries. One Doric-style treasury dates back to the 5th century B.C. The second one is called the Treasury of the Massaliots. (Greek colonists of Massalia, modern Marseilles, who came from Phocaea in Ionia). Built around 530 B.C., it looked like a small temple. The ionic order treasury consisted of gleaming Parian marble with two columns in its façade. The columns had the Aeolic capitals.

    Delphes. Voie sacrée et Trésor des Athéniens; Frédéric Boissonnas (Swiss, 1858 – 1946); 1910; Heliogravure / Photolithograph; 14.4 × 22 cm (5 11/16 × 8 11/16 in.); JP Getty Art Collection.

    View of a sacred pathway in Delphi. The path faces the Treasury of the Athenians.
    Reconstructed Treasury of the Athenians. The sacred pathway faces the Treasury of the Athenians – a stone building with two fluted Doric columns. Made of Parian marble, the Athenian Treasury looks like a mini-temple that was built to keep the Athenian offerings to the Delphic oracle. The Doric frieze shows 30 metopes. The roof was made of marble painted in red. The Athenians built the Treasury after 490 B.C. to thank the god Apollo for their victory at the battle of Marathon. The sides have depictions of scenes from the life of Hercules and Theseus. There are many inscriptions inside this treasury related to the rituals dated from the 3rd century BC. The most important inscription is a hymn to Apollo displayed in the Museum of Delphi: “The Athenians to Apollo from the Medes at the battle of Marathon”.
    The metopes of the Athenian treasury, Delphi museum

    We can find the stelae foundations left in front of the two treasuries. Their inscriptions recorded confiscations and debts to the sanctuary. In addition, Greeks placed a single pedestal with the Delphic trophy that marked the expulsion of the Persians in 480 B.C.

    To the North of the Treasury of the Siphnians stand the remains of the Treasury of the Megarians, dated to the end of the 6th century B.C. The building had several reconstructions and some have over 40 inscriptions, referring to the Megarians, dating to the 5th century B.C. The foundations and the wall with the inscriptions were restored in 1976.

    The Sicyonian Treasury got built in the 6th century B.C in 3 phases, replacing two older monuments. It was dedicated to the victorious presence the tyrant of Sicyon Cleisthenes in the First Sacred War. It’s believed that one of the buildings contained the chariot with which Cleisthenes won the chariot race in the first Pythian Games of 582 BC.

    The Theban Treasury was created of limestone in the Doric style. Situated on the Sacred Way in the Sanctuary of Apollo, it was dedicated to the Thebans’ victory at Leuktra in 371 B.C. This was a rectangular building (12.29 x 7.21 meters). The local limestone of  St. Elias was dark grey with some bluish shades that made it look plain, especially in comparison to the Treasury of the Siphnians. The architect made a lot of effort to design a very stable structure, decorated with a frieze, metopes, and triglyphs in white marble. It probably had no columns but doors and a window illuminating the cella.

    The Cyrenaean Treasury or the Treasury of the Cyreneans was probably the last treasury built in the sanctuary of Apollo. Dating back to 334-322 B.C., the Doric-style building was made of Pentelic and Parian marble. The roof was made of marble as well with gargoyles in tubular and leonine forms. The engraved inscription suggests that it was an offering as a reward for the wheat they had offered during a famine.
    The eastern edge of the precinct contains the remains of various altars, dating back to the 6th century B.C. Their inscriptions hold the names of the Gods to whom they were dedicated, including Zeus, Athena Ergane, Athena Zosteria, Eileithyia, and Hygiea.

    The Theatre & The Pythian Stadium

    The theatre is considered the best-preserved monument in Delphi and in Greece. The Delphic theatre hosted musical and religious festivals, oracular rituals, and the Pythian Games dedicated to the victory of Apollo over the Python. The stadium was built around 450 BC where the Pythian Games began as musical contests. The ruins of the theatre and stadium have been excavated together.

    The stadium that hosted the games is partially built into the side of Mount Parnassus. The original architectural finish of the theatre is unknown. It’s speculated that the spectators sat on wooden seats or the ground. The first theatre was made of stone in the 4th century BC.

    The restoration took place around 160 B.C. with the funds of Eumenes II, king of Pergamon. The theatre’s present shape dates back to the early Roman period (1st century AD). The stones used for its construction came from the Mount Parnassos. The deep amphitheatrical shape had a seating capacity of 5,000 people. It was divided into two sections by a transverse corridor comprising 35 rows of seats.

    The backstage flanked by two wings faced the seats and orchestra. There is only a foundation of this setup left today. Its facade, proscenium, or the part of a theatre stage in front of the curtain, was embellished with a relief frieze. The frieze depicted the labors of Herakles, now exhibited in the Archaeological Museum of Delphi. The frieze was probably added during the restoration period of 67 AD, at the time of the Roman emperor Nero’s visit to Delphi. Parts of the theatre walls have embedded inscriptions regarding the emancipation of slaves.

    theatre Delphi, Greece
    The Pythian Games were a series of athletic and musical competitions held every 4 years in ancient Greece to honor the god Apollo’s victory. The name ‘Pythian Games’ comes from the myth of Apollo slaying the Python in Delphi.

    The games were one of the four Panhellenic Games, along with the Olympic, Nemean, and Isthmian Games. The Pythian games originated in the 6th century B.C. and continued until the 4th century AD. The Pythian games featured competitions in a variety of events, including athletics, music, poetry, chariot races, declamation, reading aloud, rhetoric, singing, and drama. This event was more than just a game. It was a big social and musical event with international crowds, diplomats, and politicians showing their power. The winners of the athletic games brought fame to themselves and their cities. They also received trophies in the shape of tripods and laurel leaves.

    Built around the 4th century BC, the stadium of Delphi was about 178 meters long, situated at the highest spot in the sanctuary above the theatre. According to some inscriptions, it was called the “pythikon stadium” or the Pythian stadium. The total capacity of the stadium was about 6500 people. The stadium was abandoned in 394 A.D. Covered with earth, it became a place for pasture.

    The Stadium of Delphi is the best-preserved stadium in Greece. It had 4 different constructions with tracks for athletes to compete. In the Roman period, they raised the track but reduced its length. The northern side of the stadium preserved 12 rows of seats divided by staircases in 12 tiers. The eastern side has a well-preserved start line, with two rows of slabs bearing incisions for the feet.

    The gymnasium

    The word ‘gymnasium’ came from the Greek word gymnós, meaning “nude”.

    Dated to the 4th century BC, the Gymnasium of Delphi is nestled between the Castalia fountain and the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia. It consisted of several buildings including baths and restaurants. The running track (paradromis) was 6 meters wide and 172 meters long. The upper terrace had a long portico of 83 Doric columns used for athletics (xystos), which measured 9,05 x 185,95 m, the length of a Pythic stadium. Sand covered the floor for athletes to exercise. The lower terrace had the Palaestra ( ancient Greek wrestling school) and a pool with a sanctuary.

    Monuments of the Sacred Way

    The Sacred Way in Delphi was a short road that led up to the temple of Apollo. The stone paving slabs covering the Sacred Way belong to late antiquity. Lined up with incredible monuments, sculptures, and treasuries on both sides, this road represented the wins in ancient Greek history as the Greeks and the wealthy made these offerings to the gods. As such, Delphi was an important art center because skillful art and sculpture were created by famous Greek artists and offered as votives to the gods. Unfortunately, only the bases of these incredible monuments exist today. However, they have so many inscriptions there that the Delphic sanctuary is probably the largest open-air library of real ancient texts in existence now.

    The serpentine column was the closest to the altar standing next to a bronze sculpture of Apollo (now missing).

    One of the famous votives originally placed near the Temple of Apollo was a bronze bull (now missing) with a stone base existing today. Presented by the Corcyrans, this sculpture was made by Theopropos in the 5th century BC.

    The votive of the Arcadians consisted of 9 bronze statues including Apollo. The Arcadians dedicated it to Apollo after they plundered Laconia in 370 BC. Only the base exists today.

    There were two different votives of the city of Argos, one glorified their victory over Spartans in 457BC.

    1. The stoa of king Attalus I. Dated to late 3rd century BC, this is probably a 2-storey stoa of Attalus with 10 Doric columns decorating the facades of each floor. The stoa was converted into a cistern for baths’ water supply in the 4th century AD.
    The Altar of the Chiots. The people of Chiots paid for this monument in the 5th century BC. There is an inscription on the base of the altar stating that the Chios had the right to consult the oracle before other Greeks.
    2. Aemillus Paulus statue on a pedestal. This is the equestrian statue of the Roman consul who defeated the king of Macedon Perseus at Pydna in 168 BC. The statue stood on a 12-meter base and the pedestal’s frieze depicted the battle scenes from the battle of Pydna. This is considered the first historical relief, in which the Romans defeated the last Greek Macedonian king. The frieze is on view at the Museum of Delphi.
    3. The Sun God statue on a pedestal. Located behind the Serpentine column as a foundation only today, the pedestal supported a gilded chariot of the Sun God, Ilios, patron of the island of Rhodes. This monument became the votive of the Rhodians in the late 4th century AD.

    4. The Tripod of the Plataeans or the Serpentine Column. All 31 states of Greece contributed to the creation and installment of this votive monument in Delphi.
    The Delphi tripod was an offering to the god Apollo from the Greeks who won over the Persian Empire at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. The Greeks collected the spoils of their victory and dedicated 1/10 of it to cover the cost of making the golden tripod with caldron. The golden tripod was set on a 7.5m tall, bronze column with a 3-headed serpent.
    The Phocians melted down the gold from the tripod during the Third Sacred War (354-343 BC), while Constantine the Great transferred the serpentine column to Constantinople founded in 330 AD. It still stands in the Hippodrome area in Istanbul, Turkey.

    * These museum descriptions are adapted to English for a better reading experience.

    The Serpentine Column

    Serpent Column or Delphi Tripod
    The Serpent Column or Plataean Tripod standing in Delphi today is a copy of the original taken from the sanctuary by Constantine the Great and placed in the Hippodrome of Constantinople in 324 BC (Istanbul) where you’ll find it today.
    The serpentine column consisted of an in-scripted base with 13 coils (inscribed 31 Greek states who fought with the Persians), three bronze intertwined snakes, and a golden tripod with a cauldron (long missing). Based on some Ottoman illustrations, the serpent heads existed at the top of the column until the 17th century.
    At Meydani square, Hippodrome of Constantinople, Serpent Column, Obelisk of Theodosius-Aubry de la Mottraye, Constantinople, 1727. Image from wikimediacommons

    griffin heads in Delphi archeological museum-veronica winters art blog
    Griffin heads that often decorated the caldrons, Delphi archeological museum

    The votive offering of Daochos

    Daochos monument with Agias, Delphi
    Daochos monument with Agias, Classical period, 339 – 334 BC, Parian marble.

    The offering consisted of nine statues placed on a long, narrow base. This sculptural group is one of the most important offerings made by a private person to the Delphic sanctuary of Apollo. According to the inscription on its base, the offering was commissioned by Daochos II of Pharsala, tetrarch of Thessaly and hieromnemon (Sacred Recorder) of the Delphic Amphictyony, 339-334 BC. At the right end stood a statue of Apollo. Next to the god stood six statues of Daochos’s ancestors starting with the genarch Aknonios, who presents his family to the god as follows: Agias, Telemachos, Agelaos, Daochos I, Sisyphos I, Daochos II himself, and his son, Sisyphos II.

    The inscription mentions the names and most important accomplishments of the family members. The statue of Agias (top center), great-grandfather of Daochos II a renowned athlete of the pankration in the 5th century BC. He was a repeat winner in all of the Panhellenic games. This group is attributed to the famed sculptor Lysippos or his school. * Taken from writing inside the Museum of Delphi.

    The giant Naxian Sphinx

    The Naxian Sphinx figure, Delphi
    The Giant Naxian Sphinx in Delphi:
    The Naxian Sphinx was created around 560 BC, preceding the construction of the Siphnian treasury –
    a building at the Ancient Greek cult center of Delphi, in which the priests hosted the offerings from the city of Siphnos. The building stood on the “Sacred Way” road going through the Sanctuary of Apollo.

    Naxos, a wealthy island of the Cyclades, sent a gigantic offering to the Sanctuary of Apollo of Delphi – the statue of the mythical Sphinx. Its colossal size, imposing appearance, and location in the sanctuary (near the rock of Sibyl commemorated the political and artistic supremacy of Naxos in the Archaic era.

    This demonic creature with a female face and enigmatic smile was supposed to be warding off the evil. Placed on the capital of a 12.50m tall ionic column, the sphinx became the oldest element in the ionic order in Delphi.

    Greek Kouros

    Kouros in Delphi
    Kleobis and Biton, sons of Hera’s priestess, Greek Kouros in Delphi, Archaic period, 610 BC, height: 1,97 m, Parian marble. Discovered at the Apollo sanctuary, they were made by the sculptor Polymedes of Argos and dedicated to Apollo by the people of Argos.
    According to the museum’s description, Herodotus tells us a myth about two brothers, Kleobis and Biton. They helped their mother, Hera, to pull her chariot to the sanctuary and as a reward, the goddess granted them a peaceful death in their sleep.

    The Charioteer

    The Charioteer, bronze sculpture, Classical period, 478 BC, 1,82m in height.

    This well-preserved monument was part of the votive offering received after the Pythian Games. Wearing a chiton, the figure stood on his chariot with horses. He has the eyes inlaid with glass and stones. The figure is reminiscent of a Doric column repeating long and simple lines in his clothing. His beautiful feet and slender figure make me think of a female form although his hair is short and a simple band around his head speaks of his victorious status.

    Horseshoe-shaped monument

    This monument had over 18 marble sculptures dating to the 3rd century BC. One of the statues shows “the Delphi Philosopher.”

    The Lesche of the Knidians

    Lesches were places for public gatherings in antiquity. Located not far from the Theatre, the lesche looked like a rectangular hypostyle chamber built around 5 century BC. (Hypostyle is a building with a roof supported by pillars in many rows).

    It became famous because of the paintings depicting the Fall of Troy and the Odysseus Descent to Hades done by a famous artist- Polygnotus.

    The column with the dancers

    Column with 3 dancers in Delphi
    Column with 3 dancers and the omphalos stone (right) in Delphi. Classical period, 330 BC, Pentelic marble.

    Decorated with the acanthus leaves, this base supported an 11m column with 3 dancers at its top. It’s speculated that the omphalos stone crowned the column with dancers. Their height exceeds 2m, while originally the column was around 11m high.

    The Statue of Antinoos

    Antinoos-closeup-Delphi-veronica winters art blog
    Antinoos, closeup, Parian marble, Roman period, 130 AD, Delphi.
    Antinoos sculpture Delphi
    Antinoos, Parian marble, Roman period, 130 AD, Delphi.

    Antinoos was a very young and beautiful man who was a companion of Emperor Hadrian (117-138 AD). Antinoos had barely reached adulthood when he drowned in the Nile. The Emperor was devastated and ordered to make a lot of statues and monuments dedicated to the man for god-like worship, rituals, and admiration in his honor. One such sculpture was found in Delphi during the excavations. The statue was still shining because of oil used in antiquity to polish the skin. The holes in his hair served as attachments for a bronze laurel leaf wreath to crown the boy’s head. Both the presidents of the Pythian games and the priest placed this statue in the sanctuary. http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/4/eh430.jsp?obj_id=4672

    Greek Sphinxes and griffins
    I took this picture at the Archeological Museum in Delphi. It looks like a demonic sphinx figure, although it could be a gorgon.
    golden griffin in Delphi museum-veronica winters blog
    The golden griffin is on display in the Delphi museum.
    The Helmet Crest with a copper inlay, bronze, 5th century BCE, the Delphi Museum
    These are some of the votive offerings found in the Sacred Way area pit near the Athenian Treasury. These bronze heads are parts of three life-sized chryselephantine statues dating to the 6th century BC!
    Bronze incense burner: A young woman, wearing a long peplos and reticulated head-dress, holds up a hemispherical cauldron in which the incense was placed. A pierced lid covers the top of the vessel. 460-450 BC.

    There are four monuments dated from classical antiquity: Lysander, Marathon, Argos and Tarantinians. Those were the monuments that pilgrims faced entering the temple of Apollo from the main entrance. A school and a small village occupied the site of the sanctuary after the 15th century AD.

    The votive of Lysander or the Spartan Admirals’ votive

    The Spartans created this votive in 404 B.C. dedicating it to their victory over the Athenians in the battleship at Aegos Potamoi (405 B.C.). The recording of this monument exists thanks to Pausanias and Plutarch. According to the architect Didier Laroche’s study, the votive had the form of a rectangular pedestal with 39 bronze statues. The erection of the monument is connected with the rise of the hegemony of Sparta and the decadence of Athenian democracy. Facing the Sacred Way, the front side of this monument depicted Greek military figures and gods- Dioskouri, Zeus, Apollo, Artemis, Lysander (the winner of the battleship), Ermonas (the commander of the flagship), Agias, etc. The statues located on three other sides depicted the admirals of the allied fleet, who defeated the Athenians with Lysander.

    The votive of Marathon

    This monument was placed on the south side of the Lysander’s monument after the Marathon battle. The votive is dated around 490 B.C. According to Pausanias, one-tenth of the spoils of the battle were used for its construction. The 15m-long, rectangular pedestal held 13 bronze statues that included the sculptures of Athena, Apollo, the general Miltiades, and ten eponymous heroes, who according to the oracle of Delphi, gave their names to the Athenian tribes. The statues are attributed to the renowned sculptor of classical antiquity- Phidias. Three more statues of the Great Alexander’s successors were added during the Hellenistic period.

    The Trojan horse

    After their victory against the Spartans in 414 B.C., Argos dedicated a bronze simulacrum of the Trojan Horse to commemorate their prominent victory. According to Pausanias’s description, it was a work of Antiphanes from Argos. Today, only the stone plinths of the horse’s tiered pedestal and its fastening hole on the surface of one stone are preserved.

    The votive of Tarantinias

    The votive depicted bronze horses and women in captivity. Dedicated to Apollo, this votive comes from the residents of Tarans. They commemorated their victory over the Messapii at the beginning of the 5th century B.C. According to Pausanias, Ageladas, who descended from Argos, created this piece. In the partially preserved pedestal, the inscription states “Taραντίνοι Ἀπόλλωνι από Μεσσαπίων [ελόντε)ς δεκάταν” “The Tarantians dedicated this to Apollo from the tenth of the spoils they seized from the Messaplans”.

    On artist sensitivity, jealousy, self-doubt, failure, work and dreams

    As artists we experience a wide range of emotions. All people have them but we tend to feel them much deeper. In this episode I share my thoughts about artistic sensitivity, jealousy, self-doubt, failure and work. I also tell you how I’m learning to dream big as a creative. I hope this is helpful to you if you feel stuck or unaccepted for who you are. Dive into the world of visionary art and explore the emotions and beauty behind art creation.

    You can read the essays here: https://veronicasart.com/can-you-just-do-on-artistic-inspiration-self-doubt-and-work/

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Drawing a pentagon in geometry, architecture and history

    how to draw a pentagon, pentagon shapes in nature and geometry

    Understanding and use of geometry and geometric construction has been a staple in art and architecture for centuries. All ancient churches, domes and palaces have a thorough understanding of geometry and geometric design to reveal the ethereal beauty of the Universe. We can notice a repetition of geometric shapes in nature, mainly in flowers and plants. Realistic drawing starts with understanding and sketching of a big geometric shape to get the right proportion, form, perspective and scale of any object you draw. It can be a difficult task to start drawing complex geometric shapes in the beginning. Therefore, we need to slow down and spend some time drawing basic geometric forms like rectangles, circles, squares, and triangles by using a ruler and a compass. Next, we begin learning how to draw more complex geometric shapes like pentagons. So below you’ll see how to draw a pentagon step-by-step. Moreover, you’ll discover why the pentagon’s shape is such an incredible part of math.

    How to Draw a Pentagon

    A pentagon is a shape with five sides.

    This illustration shows a perfect geometric construction of a pentagon.

    Step 1. Draw a cross. Start with a horizontal line and a vertical line crossing in the middle.

    Step 2: Draw a circle. Use a compass to draw a circle with its center at the crossing point of the lines. Don’t change the compass size after drawing.

    Step 3: Measure the side. The side of the pentagon will be slightly longer than the radius of the circle.

    Step 4: Make arcs. Without changing the compass, put the compass point where the circle meets the horizontal line. Draw arcs above and below the circle.

    Step 5: Draw the center. Find the middle point where the lines cross (the bisector) and mark it. Use the compass to draw an arc from the top of the circle down to the horizontal line. This makes a shape called a golden ratio!

    Step 6: Use the compass. Keep the compass the same size and put it in the middle of the bisector. Draw an arc from the top of the circle to the horizontal line.

    Step 7: Draw the arcs. Using the same distance to make four more arcs without closing the compass. Put the compass at the top of the circle and draw arcs where the last arc crosses the horizontal line.

    Step 8: Complete the shape. Go around the circle using each arc as a center for the next arc.

    Step 9: Draw the pentagon. Finally, draw lines from each point where the arcs meet to make a pentagon shape. Voila! Your pentagon is complete.

    Don’t worry if you don’t get a perfect pentagon on the first try. You can keep repeating the process until you get a hang of it. Also, get yourself a good compass that holds the precise width and doesn’t slide on your page. To make the process more fun, you can outline and color the pentagon shape with some Faber-Castell Polychromos colored pencils.

    The use of a Pentagon in Architecture & History

    Pentagon shape in architecture

    One famous building with a pentagon drawing shape is the Pentagon building in the United States, where the Department of Defense is located. The Pentagon’s shape helps use space well and makes it easy for people to move around inside.

    The pentagon originates from the Greek words “penta,” which denotes five, and “gon,” which means angles. Pentagon is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon.

    Ancient Eastern Orthodox church in Athens, Greece
    Ancient Eastern Orthodox church in Athens, Greece

    Greek and Roman architecture relied heavily on rectangles, squares, and circles for their structures. These shapes were favored for their simplicity, stability, and the ease with which they could be constructed. Pentagons, while mathematically understood by these civilizations, presented challenges in large-scale building due to the need for precise angles and calculations. So while the Greeks and Romans liked how perfect and beautiful the pentagon was they preferred using rectangles and squares in their architectural designs. The majority of temples, houses, and public buildings were rectangular including the Parthenon in Athens. This allowed for efficient use of space and strong, load-bearing walls. Often used for courtyards, public forums, and some temples, a square provided a central and symmetrical space. A signature element in Roman architecture, the circle was used for grand structures like the Pantheon’s dome. The Romans mastered concrete construction, which allowed them to create vast, circular spaces.

    Rose Window featuring some pentagon-like flowers, Cathedral in Vienna. Photo: V.Winters

    The pentagon shape was used in some Medieval construction of pentagonal tracery windows and churches interior space design. We might stumble upon some Gothic architecture with pentagonal rotundas and towers, like ‘Pillars of light’ in the Saint Mary’s Church in Freistadt and the tower of the Clarissine Church in Bratislava. Examples of pentagonal tracery windows can be seen in the Notre Dame of Paris, Saint Gereon Church of Cologne and the Notre-Dame of Nürnberg. (Source: Pentagons in medieval architecture, September 2018. authors: Krisztina Fehér, Balazs Halmos, Brigitta Szilágyi).

    Cathedral of Prague, Photo: V.Winters

    metz church with pentagon shape-
    Church’s exterior detail showing the pentagon shape, Metz, France, photo: V.Winters

    pentagon from islamic patterns by Keith Critchlow-
    Pentagon shape shown in the book “Islamic patterns” by Keith Critchlow. You can get this book on Amazon although it’s an old one and is out of print. Some retailers sell it as a used book.

    Finally, the pentagon in Islamic art and architecture serves as a building block for geometric creations based on circles. In some Islamic geometric art, particularly the “girih” style prominent in Iran, the pentagon can be a component for creating complex, interlaced patterns. These patterns showcase mathematical principles and divine beauty through repetition and symmetry.

    You can see the pentagon shape in contemporary art and craft as well.

    Mathematical Explanation Of The Universe’s Construction

    Math helps us find and connect to beautiful patterns in nature. With its five sides and unique angles, a pentagon is a wonderful example. We can notice the pentagon shapes in flowers and plants, like in the ‘morning glory’ or sliced okra. Math is a unique language that helps us understand the hidden workings of cosmos where the pentagon appears in natural and man-made things. Math gives us exact measurements and calculations essential for building solid structures, designing rockets, and creating new technologies. Geometric constructions seem to be the epitome of a divine beauty expressed in mathematical language of numbers, circles and lines.

    Pentagon shape in nature

    Where To Learn About Math Tutoring

    Fortunately, people can get easy access to math classes online on websites like Brighterly without attending a physical classroom. Brighterly is an online platform with tutors who are experts at providing tailored math lessons to your kids. They offer individualized, fun and flexible learning experience for children.

    If your child struggles with math and needs help in math tutoring, online math lessons provide children with great opportunities to study mathematical concepts on your terms. 

    The article is written by Veronica Winters with Jessica Kaminski.

    From Faber-Castell Polychromos to Prismacolor Premier Colored Pencils: reviewing their characteristics to create realism art

    In this episode I compare popular brands of colored pencils – Polychromos vs. Prismacolor. I look at their advantages and disadvantages drawing with them for many years. I also share what papers work best with these professional colored pencils.

    On YouTube:

    https://youtu.be/dRFvYFRZSSY

    The Colored Pencil Manual
    How to Color Like an Artist
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    On imposter syndrome, sensitivity and work

    Below you’ll find a collection of essays I’ve written in my personal journal over the years. These essays cover topics and feelings artists experience yet rarely share.

    Can you just do? On artistic sensitivity, self-doubt, jealousy, happiness, failure and work

    As artists we’re able to fall deep in dark pits of self-doubt, uncertainty and melancholy. We question our purpose, hold on to negativity, and doubt our abilities because it’s hard. It’s really hard to work against the grit to pursue our calling – something that has been given to us at birth. Sometimes the psychological pressure we feel being a working artist is tougher to overcome than the financial burden we all face at times.

    “DO” is the theme of LeWitt’s 1965 letter written to a fellow artist Eva Hesse, who was tormented with self-doubt.  In this video Benedict Cumberbatch reads the letter that’s incredibly moving no matter how many times I listen to it.

    On comparisons, failure & jealousy

    Many artists are riddled with jealousy or a paralyzing fear of not being good enough or of not being able to achieve greatness. As a result we draw endless comparisons and feel bad about ourselves. I often see how jealous other artists are of me despite their achievements and accolades.

    I think about the mastery of others differently, although I must admit that I also compare myself to others. First, I look at the talents of others as a high bar to reach up to, as a place to aspire to and to be inspired. I find other artists’ work incredibly inspirational to me, and I also learn from art and artists a great deal.
    Second, I look at other artists I admire not to give up because they are good and I’m not. They are talented and I may fall into this trap thinking that there is no time in the universe to ever get close to their level of mastery. Perhaps, I’ll never will, but why would I give up on all the fun and joy that art brings me?! Why would I limit myself and stop painting just because someone else is better?! See, comparisons don’t move you forward, they stop you from even beginning doing something meaningful in your life, and as a result you end up achieving nothing, complaining about the circumstances you’re in. I release myself from this weird feeling of jealousy. I replace it with a feeling of gratitude I’m here to create!

    Failure takes a big part in my life. For every finished painting there are a few that end up in a trash bin. I get rejected often. I also fail in some relationships with people, and fail to communicate my boundaries that get pushed, pushed to the wildest extremes at times. Failure is intense, frustrating, hurtful. Failure paralyzes. Failure grounds me to the floor so hard I can barely breathe. Over the years it’s getting harder to recover from it. However, failure doesn’t stop me from trying to achieve what I want. Failure is a signal to do things differently, to find a new approach. And finding this new way takes a lot of energy that often rivals my desire to let it all go in flames.

    If you are a gifted person, it doesn’t mean you got something. It means you can give something away.

    Carl Jung

    On Artistic Sensitivity

    Artists are also extremely sensitive people, and react to circumstances and opinions on a much deeper level than others. That’s one of the reasons why we see so many talented actors, writers, painters and musicians self-medicating a ‘weakness’ that’s been defined as a ‘mental illness.’ I think it’s more complicated than that. I see sensitivity in young art students. What I can control they can’t yet, and those emotions often arise and confuse them.

    Yes, the sensitivity that artists have makes us different, different in having a natural gift that actually keeps on giving, if we nurture it. It can become the artist’s ‘strength.’ We’re able to see something beautiful in mundane places. We are able to move people emotionally. We go down in history as innovators in thoughts and movements. We make the world less ugly and more humane. Artists bring light and beauty into this world and it’s a wonderful contribution into this world if you ask me.

    To read more about highly sensitive people: https://veronicasart.com/highly-sensitive-people-how-to-prioritize-well-being-to-tackle-personal-crisis/

    To read more about why artists create art: https://veronicasart.com/why-artists-create/

    To read more about awareness, mental health and illusion of reality: https://veronicasart.com/mental-health-connection-illusion-of-reality/

    “The greater danger for most of us lies not in setting our aim too high and falling short; but in setting our aim too low, and achieving our mark.” Michelangelo

    On self-limitation & work ethic

    As artists we’re creative. However, we often impose limits on ourselves via dated beliefs and social norms. In the beginning of our journey we may want to conform to norms. However, those norms and limitations stifle our natural creativity. Allow yourself to experiment with new materials, play with your ideas and paint what you want to paint! Also, take art classes to learn new or different skill. Despite having all the college degrees I have, I often buy new classes online because I want to learn new skills in digital painting, illustration, business, finance, etc.

    Talent is cheaper than table salt. What separates the talented individual from the successful one is a lot of hard work.

    Stephen King

    Also, it’s super important to work through your artistic problems. If I gave up on every painting I created I’d be in the same spot I started 25 years ago. By working through my problems, finishing up every painting I learn to problem-solve and evolve. I improve my artistic skill and creativity by not allowing myself to give up on something that’s frustrating at the moment. I usually take a break from work that doesn’t look good and come back to it at a much later date. This pause allows me to see things differently and I am usually able to fix problems on canvas within minutes instead of hours or days spent on it in the past.

    “If people knew how hard I had to work to gain my mastery, it wouldn’t seem so wonderful at all.” — Michelangelo

    There is no cute formula for success in painting. It’s hard work every day. Other artists’ achievements inspire me to move forward, those artists become my guiding stars. That’s why I have no jealousy towards my peers, because I can see what’s possible in due time and practice. We fulfill our dreams with our own work, not the work of others.

    I believe we succeed eventually, because we refuse to quit. Although it often feels like a dead end where there is nothing to go by, when words like ‘nice work’ or ‘good stuff’ can get you only that far. But a strong will, belief in myself, and the internal love for my craft keeps me grounded.

    On a bad day 🙁

    Powered by the ruthless force of frustration, I run with a steep incline, at the speed number that meets my level of emotional pain. The soles of my worn, running shoes fly over the rotating black belt; they build endurance, the survival tactic. And I run as my legs ache and they beg to slow down, but I refuse, I flush out my hurt with tears. My heart’s stomps blow my ears, and I override it with trance beat. My face deep red, I run. I track the whooping breath in my lungs. My insides burn like fire, and I run. My skin prickles, and legs are about to cramp. I’m acid perspiration. Unstoppable I become, feel the rise of resistance to my failures, to painful words and encounters, to the insensitive world that drowns, but teaches, teaches me to survive. And that’s how it feels on a bad day. Drenched in sweat, I run on a treadmill of artist’s life.

    On a good day 🙂

    The joy of painting runs inside me like the cobalt blue river. The snowflakes dance above its glossy surface and trickle down in my limbs. I feel the rise of divine energy and melt into another place, the forth dimension. It’s there, there I create. Through the looking glass I fall, where I hear no judgement and see no stop signs. The round clock on my wall quits ticking. Like a sweet fragrance of blooming roses, my joy flourishes and invigorates me. And that’s how it feels on a good day.

    It’s one of those rare instances where you can see someone as powerful as Madonna being so vulnerable. Her speech explains so many things that underline her internal motivation for the work she has done as a female singer. She talks about sexism, misogyny, and feminism in the music industry receiving the award at Billboard Women In Music 2016.

    “Be the Hero of your own story” by Judge Judy Sheindlin is a book for every young or young at heart girl to read. It explains the importance of independent thinking, and how you can open yourself up to opportunities. It’s available as a free download at Judy’s website:  http://www.whatwouldjudysay.com/

    On Happiness

    Is happiness a persistent state? Numerous books have been written about this subject. A million coaches preach that happiness is your ultimate goal to achieve to live a meaningful life. Everyone wants to get it. And if you admit that you’re not living it, you are the one who doesn’t work on yourself. But is it that simple? Because it sounds like judgement to me.
    Happiness can be illusive. It’s just a moment in time. A moment of curiosity, connection, love, awe and joy. Those moments could be numerous but emotions are not constant if you’re a sensitive person. Changing emotions are like a river that runs, turns and shifts quite often. Every bump on the road presents a change in emotion. Happiness is just one of the emotions in a big spectrum of feelings. Yes, we can prioritize this feeling to have beautiful daily experiences but there is no guarantee to feel it even when we work on it.
    It shouldn’t be work… Recently I met a person who emanates happiness. I can see the sun rays beaming from his chest. Can he feel as deeply or understand someone else as well  as someone who experiences other states of being? I think it depends on a person… I know a woman who is always happy like a little girl. That’s  fantastic because life is easy and fun for her. But when I have a closer look at her personality, her emotional spectrum is shallow. She experiences a limited range of emotions that pass quickly for her. While she enjoys her happy days, she is unable to comprehend the other person’s point of view or emotion.

    A range of experiences makes up a person. And when peace arrives, it transforms into a state of serene happiness. Because when you’re at peace, you feel connected to yourself. Happiness isn’t permanent but becomes notoriously present inside the person to become whole.

    Omnipresent Love, colored pencil & mixed media on paper

    On dreaming big

    The graveyard is the richest place on earth, because it is here that you will find all the hopes and dreams that were never fulfilled, the books that were never written, the songs that were never sung, the inventions that were never shared, the cures that were never discovered, all because someone was too afraid to take that first step, keep with the problem, or determined to carry out their dream.

    Les Brown

    As a child I didn’t learn to dream. As an adult I spent two decades of my life figuring out how to dream big. It involved a lot of inner work, parting with established rules and social conditioning. I became ambitious. A word that’s attributed to successful men, ambition often describes women in a negative tone as heartless go-getters. However, a healthy dose of ambition is necessary to grow professionally. As parents we should encourage development of natural abilities of our children to form lifelong interests, and as adults we should take responsibility for ourselves to develop ambition.

    I believe that long-term success is never accidental. It’s hard work and sacrifice mixed with obsessive desire to overcome the impossible, mostly overcoming my own limitations. Some people spend years complaining and waiting for a miracle to dawn on them, but I think that’s finding excuses and not working on your fears get you nowhere. By challenging myself and accepting failures I’ve been taking many steps forward in becoming who I am today. However, what I’ve been missing in my life is a role model or a mentor. If you want to succeed in anything you dream about, find a strong mentor in your field. Mentorship helps model successful behavior. It also cuts down on frustration by doing the art business efficiently. You can waste years figuring stuff out on your own.

    I also understood that gaining the right direction is a lot more important than speed. We want to have quick results, but life is rarely quick to deliver what we want. And understanding exactly what I wanted took a lifetime for me. Goals and aspirations may change over time. It’s ok. But if you’re serious about your career, concrete goals with due dates on my calendar make a big difference for me that give measurable results.

    I often find myself in consistent hard work pushing through frustrations and failures daily, but I have also noticed that it’s not enough to break me through the ceiling. It’s not enough to have the talent. It’s not enough to work hard. It’s not enough to exhibit. You have to find greater meaning in anything you do, which benefits others and is unique to you. Now I know that the most important thing for my soul is to encourage art students to succeed professionally, and this is where you find me with my students, podcast and writing these days.

    On finding support

    When relatives and family are not great supporters of your art, search for like-minded people to support you emotionally, intellectually and professionally. Also, remember that your family’s absence of support is not because they don’t love you, but because they are also scared of your financial instability being an artist. This fear gets projected onto you and actually holds you back before you even start doing anything towards reaching your goals. Artists at heart who decide not to pursue creativity as a career often become depressed, because they remain unfulfilled and not seen for who they truly are. Therefore, it’s vital for parents to be supportive of their children’s attempts early on to give them the tools and the opportunities necessary to jump on a train on time and to encourage a positive mindset to achieve meaningful results in the future. It’s much harder (but still very possible) to establish yourself artistically later in life.

    As a person, artist and teacher, I’ve seen a lot of discouragement and criticism that brings people down before they even think of pursuing something of importance to them. Over time it creates a timid mindset where you simply agree that it’s useless to dream big, or worse, you don’t even know that you can dream. So, instead of coming to the road filled with adventure and discovery, people turn to a comfortable sidewalk of boredom and in-the-box thinking. At the same time, when children get constant praise and 10 golden medals are given to all 10 places, there is not enough improvement and attempts to pursue higher goals. This is where a mentor comes in. He or she is capable of enough encouragement, yet can give a constructive critique, passing his/her skill and wisdom to the next generation of artists. 

    Every person searches for acceptance, understanding and love. We want to be accepted for who we’re. But the truth is that there is no personal growth, if we don’t look at ourselves from all sides. Surrounding ourselves with good friends who are able to encourage and nurture our gifts often help us overcome the worst pitfalls we have. It’s a blessing. We should nurture those friendships.

    The role of the artist is exactly the same as the role of the lover. If I love you, I have to make you conscious of the things you don’t see.

    James Baldwin

    On belief in yourself & purpose

    Sometimes it’s difficult to find meaning in life if it’s not survival. Finding your own path or purpose is a different game. When we finally find ‘it’, fulfilling our purpose becomes a choice whether to pursue it or not. We can live in a depressive state of mind because of these two opposing reasons. If we don’t do what we love, life is meaningless. When we do what we love, problems and circumstances can be so overwhelming, we end up having a depression. What’s the cure? I think it’s about finding strength inside yourself. By being yourself and not looking for approval from the ‘outside’ world is a difficult task for many. I find my purpose in capturing the most beautiful side of the Universe in my art, and I’ve trained myself not to care what others think of my creativity.

    One of the most important things in life is to believe in yourself. Don’t say you can’t do this or that. Don’t doubt your abilities. Believe that you can. And learn how to do it. This simple belief system has changed my life. Shifting my mentality, I opened myself up to learning and achieving so many things without relying on anyone else or finding excuses not to do it. Our insecurities, excuses and doubts kill our inner confidence, and if you can’t really believe in your abilities and yourself, your mind says ‘no’, people feel it, and you stay where you are. Dream big. Move mountains. Believe.

    This simple word ‘happiness’ didn’t resonate with me for years remaining elusive and meaningless. The pressure to “feel happy” hovered over me like a guillotine, coming from all corners of the universe-the TV, magazines, family. Every outlet fixated on the idea of promoting happiness… Why aren’t you happy? Isn’t it funny how our culture sets the standards? You are either in or out.

    I’m so incredibly fortunate I live a lifestyle that many cannot even dream of. I love my entire day from morning to late night. My lifestyle allows me to focus on my job-painting, and not to worry about tending gardens, providing for a large family, or simply looking for clean water, like in the African nations or Latin America. It’s my pure luck to live in a place with infinite opportunities.

    I’m incredibly fortunate that I have the talent and I’m an artist. Although it’s been a very hard road to travel, today I understand that what I actually possess sets me apart from others. I used to be upset, thinking salespeople of vacuum cleaners (no offense to all sales associates, please) didn’t have to struggle with attitude, misery, and years of hard work during and after grad school. Now I see that although every job must be respected (a good plumber is always in demand), my work is no different from the work of others, yet it makes me different.

    I contribute to society on the emotional level, not the material one. I know that my art leaves legacy, even if it looks insignificant and much less important than the invention of a light bulb or the Internet. I’m leaving a record of our time… Like any contemporary realist artist, I capture the beautiful in response to my surroundings and ideas. As I’ve learned to value myself for who I am, this blog entry is devoted to those artists who struggle to accept and value themselves. It is possible to stop the high-speed train at any moment, if there is enough willpower inside you to embrace change. Stopping my own self-destruction wasn’t easy. Thinking negatively about myself, crossing busy streets ignoring traffic, dragging one day to the next–all were unhealthy habits I couldn’t get rid of…Don’t let your memories, events or people dictate how you think about yourself. In your mind, let negative and disrespectful people go. No matter how you try to nurture your relationship with them, they won’t change their stance on life, and that will continue bringing you down (even if they don’t mean it). Stop feeling worthless by making room for people who appreciate you for who you are and value your opinion. As your outlook slowly starts to change, you begin to attract new and different people into your life; people who inspire you to create, live, and smile.

    *Originally published in 2013.

    interior space-veronica winters paintings

    What makes an artist great is the ability to access the inner world we all have but that most others can’t access.

    Rick Rubin

    How to find your artistic voice

    How long did it take you to paint that? “My whole life.”

    Jackson Pollock

    This is the most persistent question people ask artists to open up a conversation. They also want to gage the retail price of artwork to the number of hours spent working on it. Unlike the production of manufactured goods, this formula is not applicable to artists and art. It’s the fact that classically trained artists spend years, sometimes decades learning and developing a unique style and voice that can’t be measured by this simplistic formula of counting hours spent painting one artwork. Put professional artist in a room with anyone else interested in painting and ask to paint a tree. Both artists will spend equal amount of time on art creation but the result will be different. It takes years to become good, not hours spent painting one piece.

    Art is within reach. We always find what we’re looking for if we truly seek it. It takes time and effort and our willingness to change to make things work in our favor. Learning to express ourselves visually is a need. Without having this inner need the artist remains an illustrator or a good craftsman. 
    To develop your unique visual language you must dive deep inside your soul to understand your WHY. Why do you create what you create? What does it accomplish? What do you want others to see in your artwork? These are the questions that are always there inside my painting process.

    sphynx cats art-veronica winters

    When I went to art school at the Oklahoma State University back in 2001 I was lucky to have an oil painting professor who was I dare say old, probably in his early 80s. He had his convictions teaching art – painting large, having few rules, not worrying about the subject itself. His artistic belief was rooted in the American abstractionism and skillful realist figure drawing.
    He used to say, “It’s not WHAT you paint, it’s HOW you paint it.” I couldn’t disagree more with that statement back then. I thought that the subject of painting or the story behind it was vital to the very nature of painting. But I also thought that the unique way the artist handled the paint was important. I still think of the professor fondly.
    Before and after graduation with my MFA degree at Penn State, I commuted to New York taking art classes in classical figure drawing. I felt I had no talent. I pushed myself hard to learn the skills. I believed that the WHAT in painting required solid understanding of figure drawing.
    Two decades later painting full-time I believe that it’s not WHAT vs. HOW. Truly creative artists have mastered and combined both concepts in their art. So the subject is just as important as the unique handling of the paint. It’s important to experiment and innovate.
    Today I tell stories in my art using figure, color and symbols but I’m also pushing the boundaries of traditional painting techniques. While I rely on art history and skills I gained to depict the world realistically, I like to experiment with color, mixed media to create unusual surfaces and effects. So it’s not just WHAT I paint but HOW I paint it as well.

    Artist’s path can be thorny, most unpredictable and definitely complicated. People avoid living such a life, many artists never make it in the profession, choosing stable comfort instead, working jobs they dislike. But true artists at heart are artists at every aspect of their lives. We can’t resist the thrill of adventure, self-discovery and limitless learning. We love to capture beauty in ordinary places, of seeing beyond the obvious, of expressing emotions without words. And that, my friend, is a blessing. Musicians, poets, writers, painters and other creatives often live in a tormented reality that eventually bares the fruit of labor.

    If you’re interested to learn about video courses, please go here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/ or visit art shop

    Faber-Castell Polychromos colored pencils review

    veronica winters colored pencil art-polychromos review

    In this article you’ll find information about Faber-Castell Polychromos colored pencils and my experience using them on various drawing papers. I’m not an affiliate and I write reviews of art supplies I actually use in my drawings. Below you’ll find the Polychromos lightfastness ratings as well as some of my colored pencil drawings made with these colored pencils.

    Properties of Faber-Castell Polychromos colored pencils

    • Lightfastness: most colors are lightfast/very good to excellent
    • Durability: excellent
    • Pigment saturation: very vivid/ excellent
    • Oil-based
    • Softness: medium softness/ very good

    polychromos colored pencil drawing

    Faber-Castell polychromos colored pencil set of 120 colors

    These colored pencils never break on me. Their durability, color saturation and lighfastness are consistent. Easy to sharpen, Polychromos have a range of beautiful colors with some pinks and purples that have excellent lightfastness ratings, which is difficult to find in other brands, especially in Prismacolor Premier.

    veronica winters colored pencil art-polychromos review

    Paper & other surfaces for Faber-Castell Polychromos colored pencils

    Because they are not very soft, these colored pencils layer nicely and require minimal colored pencil blending. The downside is that you’ve got to find the right paper working with them. Because they are oil-based, they mix and blend more like soft pastels, meaning that the paper should have some texture to adhere the pencils to. And I find that when I work on uart paper, 800 grade or Canson pastel paper, Polychromos impress me a lot more.

    They are great for detailed work and blend on their own working on slightly textured paper like Bristol Vellum. These colored pencils tend to glide off of smooth paper like Bristol smooth and seem to need more layering to develop contrast. So I always recommend to draw on Bristol Vellum paper with Polychromos to get maximum realistic detail. I also like them on Canson Art boards and Canson Colorline paper.

    While I prefer Luminance and Pablo colored pencils, the Polychromos’ durability and excellent lightfastness make me a fan to draw the details in my art.

    colored pencil manual veronica winters
    https://amzn.to/3xoJjbi

    innocence by veronica winters_colored pencil drawing
    Innocence, Polychromos on 9×12 koh-i-noor bristol vellum drawing paper. In this drawing I didn’t do much blending. The colors blended on their own via crosshatching and overlapping.

    veronica winters colored pencil
    Nymph, colored pencil on UART paper,800grit, 9×12 inches

    UArt sanded art paper and Polychromos is the best combination in my view. UArt is designed for pastel drawing and its surface feels like sand paper. Therefore if you use softer colored pencils on it, it will “eat” your soft colored pencils and blending would require solvents. 800 grade is the finest surface and is suitable for colored pencil drawing with Polychromos or other harder colored pencils like Pablo or Koh-i-Noor.

    veronica winters colored pencil art-polychromos review

    nicaraguan boy colored pencil drawing veronica winters

    Because oil-based Polychromos act like pastels, the drawing process is similar to pastel painting in layers. It’s blocking in large areas in dark colors and then adding the lighter ones on top. The first, dark layers should be fixed to proceed to the next layer.

    Nicaraguan boy colored pencil drawing by m-veronica-winters-colored-pencil
    Nicaraguan boy, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on UART paper, in private collection

    how to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    https://amzn.to/4bbYT81

    veronica winters colored pencil art-polychromos review

    Faber-Castell Polychromos lightfastness rating chart

    polychromos_lightfastness ratings

    If you’d like to take your colored pencil drawing to the next level, check out these video courses: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    From Ancient Thera to Oia: 6 must-see places  in Santorini

    Explore the must-see places on Santorini, from ancient Thera to Oia! Immerse yourself in the history, stunning views, and vibrant blue and white colors of this cinematic island.

    https://youtu.be/Jx0jy5DLgIg

    When we planed our trip, it was really hard to decide how much time we needed to spend on each island in Greece. Many people talked about spending a week on each one but I found that I needed 2,5 days to see everything I wanted to on Santorini without being rushed. These were long days but because I wasn’t into the beaches, boats and night life, I explored the island’s natural beauty, archeology and villages instead. Plan to spend more time here if you’re into the boat tours, wineries and beaches! Also, this island can be a challenge to visit for older folks since there is a lot of up and down action that can be hard on legs and feet.

    Brief history of Santorini: an archaeological journey

    Some theorize that the end of the Minoan civilization and Ancient Thera (Santorini) volcanic formation is the lost Atlantis. The first written source for the myth of Atlantis comes from the Athenian philosopher Plato (427- 437 BC) but there is little evidence that Santorini is the lost Atlantis.

    The first settlers arrived to the island around 3000 BC (Neolithic Period). They named the island “Strogili,” meaning “the round one” due to its original circular shape. Santorini flourished during the Minoan era, known for their advanced civilization centered on Crete (early Bronze Age – 2000 BC). The Akrotiri settlement, preserved by volcanic ash, is a prime example of the Minoan civilization. Here, archaeologists unearthed multi-story buildings with color frescoes, advanced drainage systems, and pottery, all mirroring Minoan culture that led to speculation about the lost city of Atlantis. Personally, I find it unlikely because the Minoan art on Crete looked immature in comparison to ancient Egypt, for example. And Atlantis is said to be an advanced civilization. The Minoan culture got destroyed after a catastrophic volcanic eruption that devastated the Aegean island of Thera- also called Santorini (Late Bronze Age – 1600 BC). Thera, perched on Mesa Vouno Mountain, became the island’s central settlement (Doric Era – 9th century BC onwards). The ruins include the Sanctuary of Artemis, the Agora (marketplace), the Royal Portico, and the Gymnasium.

    Ancient Thera view

    6 must-see places in Santorini:

    Santorini-hike to Oia
    Santorini island, hike to Oia

    #1. Scenic trail

    We walked from Fira to Oia through a scenic trail stretching across the mountains for 6.5 miles. The views were stunning! It was the most amazing place I saw on Santorini. The hike connects the two most popular destinations on the island – Fira and Oia. These are the largest traditional villages with whitewashed houses and blue domes. Many house caves overlooked deep turquoise-blue waters of the caldera. Wear good shoes and bring water and snacks to have a comfortable, 3-hour hike. The elevation is 1,069 ft, so you may feel a bit dizzy or tired walking there.

    A distant view of Oia on a hike from Fira.

    #2 Ancient Thera

    Santorini-Ancient Thera

    Situated on top of the mountain between Perissa and Kamari, Ancient Thera became the island’s central settlement. The volcanic eruption around 1600 BC reshaped the island, creating the iconic caldera and contributing to the decline of the Minoan civilization due to tsunamis. Following the eruption, Dorians from Sparta arrived around the 9th century BC, renaming the island “Thera” after their king. Today the Doric settlement is basically ruins that combines different architectural styles and epochs. All buildings were constructed of the local limestone of the mountain. By walking through the ruins located 396 m. above the sea level, you can enjoy amazing panoramic views of the island.

    To get there, you can have an easy drive up to the Ancient Thera from Kamari. We had a steep climb to the top of the mountain walking from Perissa. It was quite long, difficult and unexpected but the views were fantastic!

    Santorini-Ancient Thera

    Sanctuary of Egyptian gods:

    "During the Hellenistic times, a period of great receptivity to new gods and cults, the worship of eastern and Egyptian deities is spread across the Greek territory. In Thera, the Egyptian gods Serapis, Isis and Anubis become accepted in the early 3rd century B.C. and their cult is quickly integrated into the public and private religious life of the inhabitants of the island. The cult of the Egyptian triad of gods in Thera, which, in this period, belongs to the possessions of the Ptolemies, monarchs of the Hellenistic kingdom of Egypt, is closely associated with the presence and activity on the island of a large Ptolemaic garrison. A sanctuary in honor of the Egyptian gods is founded in the first half of the 3rd century B.C. The sanctuary consisted of an unusual outdoor construction, that is a terrace, constructed mainly with artificial earth fill, the two sides of which were defined by the rocky land.
    We can see the rock-cut part of the sanctuary today, with niches for votive offerings on one side and a bench for the placement of cult statues on the other. Two cisterns placed next to the sanctuary provided "sacred water" the necessary for worship."

    Maya Efstathiou, archaeologist.

    Ancient Thera, Santorini
    Kouros or kouroi sculptures displayed in Athens archeological museum. Some of them came from ancient Thera. Kouros were over life-size statues of nude youths dated about to 7th century BC. All statues were found in the burials below the city.

    Sanctuary of Apollo Karneios:

    The Sanctuary of Apollo was a cult center erected around the 7th c. B.C. The Karneia was his annual festival. The cult of Apollo Karneios, God of the Dorians, existed in Ancient Thera in antiquity. There’s not much to see but the rocks on the ground that used to be the sanctuary with the temple, gates and other buildings. The Apollo of Thera is the best found statue dating from the 6 BCE. There was a basilica built on the ruins of the temple, around the 6th century A.D, which destroyed the the upper structure of the temple.

    Santorini-Ancient Thera

    Other buildings:

    There were other buildings and constructions in this place including the structure to worship the Egyptian gods, the theatre (the 2nd c. B.C.), the Stoa at the agora (the 3d c BC) , Gymnasium of the Ephebes, the open-air sanctuary Temenos of Artemidoros (3d c BC), and the church of Agios Stefanos- early Christian Basilica from 8th or 9th c. A.D. http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/3/eh352.jsp?obj_id=2454

    Santorini-Ancient Thera

    There was also the public building built during the Hellenistic times but re-structured during the Roman period. There was a low stone bench with special openings along the sides of its walls. A drain, carrying water into the sewer, ensured its cleaning. The public baths were probably constructed in the mid 2nd century A.D. The baths’ floor rested on stone supports forming a hollow underground space with a burning fire. The hot air was circulating under the floor and within the pipes built into the vertical walls of the room. During the Roman times, public baths were a popular meeting place.
    The “exedrae”, three buildings in the form of a temple, date to the Roman times (1st-2nd c. A.D.). Built in a line, they housed statues of citizens that belonged to prominent families of Thera and were honored by the city. There are several inscribed bases of the statues with different names in existence today.

    You can buy a single ticket to visit or a combined one that includes some local archeological museums.

    Santorini-Ancient Thera

    #3 Oia

    santorini-oia windmill

    This is the largest and most beautiful village on the island that you must visit! It’s also very commercial with many shops, restaurants and activities in the area. The village is situated above a cliff at about 150 m (500 ft) elevation, overlooking the volcano and deep blue water. The views and sunsets are spectacular! The bus station is available with regular service to other parts of Santorini. Also, depending on your interest you can take an excursion boat for a trip around the island or a ferry to Therasia.

    #4 Fira

    Centrally located, Fira offers stunning views of the caldera with some upscale shopping, beautiful Byzantine church, and walkable alleys. We stayed in Fira, which was a short taxi drive from the airport. Later we found out that the local bus was also available to get to the village.

    6 must-see places in Santorini, Fira
    Fira, Santorini island

    Santorini’s color scheme of white buildings and blue domes

    Color scheme:

    The iconic white and blue color scheme on Santorini’s buildings isn’t rooted in ancient times. It became widespread after the fall of the Greek military junta in 1974. The white reflects the Aegean sunlight, while the blue symbolizes the sea. This color combination was believed to inspire patriotism as the Greek flag is also blue and white.

    Also, the white color reflects a lot of the sunlight, keeping the interiors cooler during hot summers. This was crucial before modern air conditioning. Historically, a whitewash made with lime was used to paint the buildings. Limewash has natural disinfectant properties, which may have helped combat the spread of diseases like cholera during outbreaks in the early 20th century.

    The design and construction:

    Many traditional Santorini dwellings are cave houses, built directly into the volcanic cliffs. This provided natural insulation and protection from the elements. The cave walls themselves are often light-colored volcanic rock, further contributing to the overall white aesthetic. Santorini’s architecture falls under the Cycladic architectural style, common throughout the Aegean islands. These buildings have cubic shapes, minimal windows, flat roofs as terraces and balconies, maximizing usable space.
    Building materials traditionally included volcanic rock and ash, timber and clay. While modern construction methods and materials are used today, the traditional whitewashed Cycladic style remains a defining characteristic of Santorini’s architecture.

    Karterados, near Fira.

    #5 Village of Megalochori

    The Bell Tower of Megalochori

    When you drive through the island from one major town to the next, it looks like a half-abandoned land with some distant white buildings scattered throughout fields of rock and tiny flowers. So, if you’d like to discover untouched settlements on the island, visit small villages like Akrotiri – the site of a Cycladic Bronze Age settlement or Pyrgos and Megalochori. These are not commercial, tiny villages with blue-domed Byzantine churches and whitewashed houses. Mesa Gonia or “the ghost village” is now abandoned village that used to be famous for wineries. We walked to some villages and took a bus to others. All churches were closed there for some odd reason.

    Megalochori reminded me of the Tatooine from Star Wars because it was so untouched by our civilization. This village itself is a fairly short walk in a labyrinth of alleys, whitewashed houses and blue-domed churches with bell towers. The village had very few wondering tourists and some beautiful views of the caldera. There were two churches (Agios Nikolaos and Our Lady of Plaka) built into the rock there. Although there were some prehistoric settlements, the village took shape in the 17th century when wealthy merchants and land owners built the village with high walls and reinforced doors to protect themselves from pirates. It’s a place for vineries. There are two beaches- Plaka and Thermi that have no car access. It’s about 9 km away from Fira.

    #6 Village of Pyrgos

    Pyrgos was a monastery until the arrival of the Venetians in the 13th century. Venetians arriving on Santorini transformed the monastery into a fortified hamlet, one of five on the island, for defense against pirates. A central tower surrounded by thick and tall walls formed the heart of the settlement, with houses built tall within these walls for extra protection.
    A former capital of the island, Pyrgos retains a strong character of a medieval village with narrow, labyrinthine streets, remnants of fortified walls, and hidden passageways. Despite its central location on Santorini that’s about 7.5 km from Fira, Pyrgos has been relatively untouched by the extensive development and commercialization seen in other parts of the island. Although it was severely damaged like other villages in 1956 earthquake, some buildings were restored.

    You can also visit Akrotiri for its museum, excavations, red beach and a small Venetian Castle of Akrotiri nearby.

    Beaches:

    View to the Kamari beach from Ancient Thera

    While the island has many beaches, some of them are hard to get down to. Perissa and Kamari have an easy, walk-in beaches that were quite dirty and unattractive when we visited those in late April. Many people take tours to get access to the nicest beaches. Have flip flops or shoes because the sand on the beach can be really hot during summer months since the sand is a volcanic ash, rocks and pebbles. Red Beach looks secluded between the red rocks but those rocks can be very slippery in water. Secluded and wild, the Baxedes beach is dark sand and pebbles beach. I’d suggest to open the google map and see the locations of the beaches with posted pictures for you to decide which one you want to visit. Some offer snorkeling and boat tours, others umbrellas.

    Some people also like fishing and winery tours. The tours around the caldera are popular but were canceled due to crazy weather conditions on our visit to Santorini.

    Perissa beach

    Transportation:

    While it’s a very short flight from Athens to Santorini, the time you spend going through the airport’s regular process is still considerable. Also, it’s often windy on the island, so if you have motion sickness, you’ll get it flying on such a small plane. Get your medication ready to offset the problem.

    Take a bus all around Santorini! Its cost is just 2-2,5 euros one-way. Taxies are pricey and not worth it. The bus system is designed for tourists in mind as they have regular schedule to all main sites on the island. You buy the ticket from a driver when you enter the bus. ATV’s are inexpensive to rent for a day or more. While they can be fun for young people to drive around the island, I think they’re too much hassle for older folks. You can also rent a car to drive around the island. There were parking lots available next to sites everywhere we went to.

    Seajets offer service at many price points. We went to Crete from Santorini using the fast boat. I must say that if you feel motion sickness, even this big boat isn’t for you or you have to take medication to eliminate motion sickness. We also traveled during crazy weather period that the boat was canceled one day to travel the next, but it still was quite bumpy.

    You can also read about the history of Greek sphinxes and Holy Meteora in Greece.

    archaic sphinx 570 bc pentelic marble-spata
    archaic sphinx 570 bc pentelic marble-spata

    Spata sphinx at airport copy

    The Enigmatic World of Greek Sphinxes: history, mythology & art

    Explore the world of Greek sphinxes in this fascinating video, delving into history, mythology, and art. From ancient pottery to colorful myths, uncover the mysteries of these enigmatic creatures!

    In this episode I share my research about ancient Greek Sphinxes. I explore cultural influences, places and meaning of the Sphinx that’s based on my trip to Greece. A lot of information also comes from the Met’ website. It’s best to either watch a video or see the pictures of ancient Greek art on my blog.

    So to read and see the art of the sphinx figure, go here: https://veronicasart.com/the-sphinx-of-greece-its-history-mythology-art/

    To watch the video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/GFjTedAqKjU

    If you find this episode interesting, share it with your friends and review the show!

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    The Sphinx of Greece: its history, mythology & art

    Greek Sphinx figure is riveting. Whenever I see its beautiful wings and lion’s paws, it puzzles and inspires me to create. The sphinxes look mystical, enigmatic and surreal. When I went to Greece I revived my interest in this art symbol. I’ve found that the Greek sphinxes are different from the Egyptian ones. Moreover, the Greek art has some near east influences as a similar bird-the griffin- shows up in the archeology of Greece. Let’s discover their history together to understand how ancient cultures developed, mixed and created art with various meaning and symbolism.

    Spata sphinx at airport copy
    Sphinx from Spata, a stele crown, 570-550 BCE, this is a copy of the original displayed in the Athens National Museum. This copy is on view at the airport in Athens.

    The enigmatic world of Greek sphinx: its history & artistic influences

    Both griffins and sphinxes are mythical creatures that show up in the archeological museums in Greece. The Greek sphinx figure shape seems to be a combination of the Near East griffin and the Egyptian sphynx visually.

    1. The Griffins of Greece

    The griffin originated in the Near East and got adopted by the Greeks in art. Griffins are frequently shown as protectors or guardians. They might be flanking entrances or royal figures.

    golden griffin in Delphi museum-veronica winters blog
    Golden figure of a griffin, Delphi archeological museum, Greece, photo: Veronica Winters.

    SHAPE: The griffin has the body of a lion (sometimes winged) and the head and wings of an eagle. The griffins have a powerful stance and curled tongues.

    Panel with a griffin, Byzantine art of 1250, marble, at the Met | Made for Christian use, the panel shows the mythical griffins as guardian figures of the dead, and symbols of power and authority. The panel probably comes from a tomb. According to the Met, griffins may have meant both to protect the people buried within the tomb and to symbolize their royalty status. The fleurs-de-lis on the griffin’s shoulder and haunch typify the era’s complex cultural interplay, as similar motifs are found in contemporary Islamic and Crusader depictions of animals. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/472849
    Griffin figure in Knossos-Crete-veronica winters blog
    Griffin figures in Knossos Palace, Crete, Greece, photo: Veronica Winters. | The fresco of high-relief Griffins tethered to columns decorated the “Great East Hall” of the palace of Knossos. The decoration of the hall also included religious emblems and representations in relief of boxing and bull-leaping games. According to Arthur Evans, this hall, located next to the “Grand Staircase”, was used for official ceremonies by the palace rulers. Knossos Palace, Neopalatial period (1600-1450 BC). Griffins in Knossos don’t look menacing, rather they appear decorative and kind.
    griffin heads in Delphi archeological museum-veronica winters art blog
    Examples of the bronze heads of griffins, Delphi archeological museum, Greece, photo: Veronica Winters.
    bronze griffin
    Bronze head of a griffin, Olympia, Greece, third quarter of the 7th century BCE, the Met. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/255367 . According to the museum’s description, bronze cauldrons were set on tripods or conical stands. Cast in bronze, griffins’ heads decorated the cauldron rims that stood in Greek sanctuaries between 8-6th centuries B.C. Some of the cauldrons were colossal as Herodotus mentions the giant cauldron made for King Kroisos of Lydia that could hold 2,700 gallons. Over six hundred similar griffins exist nowadays, with most of them found at the sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia and at one of Hera on Samos.
    Greek Sphinxes and griffins
    I took this picture at the archeological museum in Delphi. It looks like a demonic sphinx figure, although it could also be a griffin or a fleeing gorgon. The facial expression and multiple hands remind me of the Indian gods as well. There were several golden plaques like this one in the museum, showing these demonic creatures.
    Mythological creatures like gorgons and sphinxes often functioned as apotropaic images (had the power to avert evil or bad luck) that protected the grave.

    2. The Egyptian Sphinxes

    The Sphinx of Tanis, Louvre, photo: Veronica Winters

    Vatican Egyptian statue of lion-veronica winters blog
    This is the Egyptian statue of a lion I saw displayed in the Vatican museums. photo: Veronica Winters

    SHAPE: The Egyptian sphinx is a creature with a lion’s body and a human (male) head. The Egyptian sphinx typically possesses a pharaoh’s face, blurring the lines between the human and the divine to symbolize the enduring power of the ruler. Egyptian sphinxes had no bird features and were associated with protection and power.

    Sphinx de Tanis
    The Sphinx of Tanis, 2620-1866 , the Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes, A 23 – https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010010062 – https://collections.louvre.fr/CGU
    The Sphinx of Tanis, 2620-1866, Height: 183 cm; Length: 480cm; Width: 154 cm, pink granite, place of discovery: Tanis, currently displayed in the Louvre. Sphinx de Tanis, du Louvre, Département des Antiquités égyptiennes, A 23 – https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010010062 – https://collections.louvre.fr/CGU

    These figures served as guardians of the dead, often flanking tombs or standing watch at temples. Over time, the sphinx evolved as a concept, with variations featuring the head of a ram or a falcon depending on the specific deity being honored. Egyptian sphinxes were primarily crafted from limestone but granite was also used to carve detailed figures.

    Sphinx of Hatshepsut
    Sphinx of Hatshepsut, New Kingdom, 1479–1458 B.C. the Met, NY. It was one of at least six granite sphinxes that stood in Hatshepsut’s mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544442
    seals found in Knossos palace, Crete
    Seals found in Knossos palace, Crete, photo: Veronica Winters. SEALS: Egyptian scarabs and seals with scenes rendered in the typical naturalistic style of the Neo palatial and Final Palatial periods (1650-1350 BC). Many scenes with animals like wild goats, bulls, lions and caprids were popular depictions of the natural world. A distinctive example is the rare gold seal depicting a barking guard dog sitting on a garden enclosure. The seals’ craftsmanship reaches technical and aesthetic perfection. Artists used semiprecious stones- sard, cornelian, agate, amethyst, jasper, rock crystal, hematite, sardonyx, chalcedony, lapis and bronze tools – small chisels, burins, drills and polishing materials. The hole was made before the final engraving. Many tools, raw materials, unfinished, broken seals and processing debris of the seal-carvers’ workshops have been found at Poros, the harbor-town of Knossos.

    These are various Greek figures created in the Egyptian style I saw in Greece. Look at the awkward anatomy of these figures. It seems to me that the Greeks were inspired by the Egyptian art but learning the human anatomy and proportion took time to master. From left to right: Egyptian-style figures (Athens); Archaic period figures, 7th century BC (Heraklion, Crete), Egyptian-style figure (Eleusis), and the 6th-century BC statues displayed in Delphi from the temple of Apollo. By looking at these sculptures as an example we can say that the ancient Greek art was strongly influenced by the Egyptian art.

    3. The Assyrian Sphinxes

    These are the examples of the Assyrian sphinxes I found on the website of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Although they have the sphinx shape, their heads can vary.

    Openwork furniture plaque with a striding ram-headed sphinx
    Openwork furniture plaque with a striding ram-headed sphinx, Assyrian, 9 BCE, the Met. NY. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/325666
    Plaque with a striding sphinx Assyrian 8c bce met
    Plaque with a striding sphinx, Assyrian, 8 BCE, the Met, NY

    The British Museum, London. Photo: V.Winters
    Golden Bracelet with the image of winged griffin, The British Museum, London. Photo: V.Winters

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    The Greek Sphinx emerges: history & symbolism

    SHAPE: The sphinx was a mythical being with the body of a lion, the wings of an eagle, and the head of a woman. Some could have a long tail. Sphinxes are depicted in a seated position, often with a strange smile and facial features resembling ancient near eastern art.

    sphinx 540 bc parian marble-veronica winters blog
    Archaic Sphinx, 540 BC, Parian marble, Greece. Photo: Veronica Winters

    The Greeks adapted the sphinx concept (guardians of the dead) from Egypt through trade and cultural contacts. Greek sphinxes appeared before the 12th century BCE. After a hiatus of about 400 years, the sphinx reappeared in Greek art around the 8th century BCE. It appeared on coins, pottery, and funerary monuments as grave stelai.

    Grave Stele

    grave stelai 600-500 BC
    GRAVE STELE or STELAI, 600-500 BC. Greece. Photo: Veronica Winters. Below you’ll find a museum’s description that I’ve adapted for better reading experience in English.

    Funerary monuments appeared on the graves of important people starting from the Mycenaean period. Such example is the discovery of the stelai in the Grave Circle A at Mycenae, Greece. There is little information available on the early Geometric period in Greece based on today’s research. There’s more archeological information available dating from the late Geometric period. The excavations in Attica region (Athens) revealed the findings of large vases, amphoras and crates that depicted the mourning scenes and other epiphora of the dead that functioned as the funerary monuments. Grave marks were small, plain stones during that time period.

    From the end of the 7th century B.C. the tombs got marked with a monumental stele, which was either incised, painted or done in relief. The early grave markers were tall and narrow. One side of it represented the deceased. They were crowned by a finial in the shape of a concave molding, influenced by the Egyptian art. In the first quarter of the 6th century BC, the finial was low. Later, it became taller and more elaborate with incised or relief decorations with leaves, rosettes, guilloche, lotuses and rare human figures. The finial toped the demonic figure of a sphinx, the guardian of a tomb.
    Around 550 BC, the form of the finial becomes even more elaborate with double volutes that assume the shape of an inverted lyre. The Sphinx remains the principal element of the crowning. This stele type dominates Greece until about 525BC.

    Around 530 B.C, the overall form of the stele changes again. It becomes lower and narrower, and the Sphinx usually placed on the finial gets replaced by two single or double volutes with the Anthemion (design consisting of a number of radiating petals), influenced by the Ionian and Egyptian art. Many of these grave markers had a painted decoration representing the deceased and various animals like horses, roosters, dogs, etc. The name of the dead appeared written in the possessive case at the bottom of the stele or on its base.

    The largest and most important group of the Archaic funerary steles comes from Attica with representations of athletes and warriors. It’s rare to find other figures depicted on steles. Besides Attica, other places manufactured the grave markers in Greece. The grave steles were smaller found in the Aegean islands and Ionia. In the 6th century, they were also crowned with the anthemion and showed various figures, such as the youth, young women, children or elderly men.
    The islands, lonia and other areas of Greece produced grave steles without interruption. In Attica, however, the production of funerary stones ceases around 6th century BC. Possibly after a prohibition by Kleisthenes aiming at curtailing the use of luxurious memorials. The reintroduction of the funerary monuments in Athens takes place during the Peloponnesian War around 430-420 BC.
    Marble grave stele of Antigenes with painted figure, 6th century BC, the Met
    Marble grave stele of Antigenes with a painted figure (not incised or done in relief), 6th century BC, the Met
    Marble stele, grave marker of a hoplite foot soldier, 525 BCE, the Met

    The Anthemion shape

    These are the examples of the Anthemion shape flower I found in several archeological museums of Greece. These vases and other fragments vary in dates.

    Marble-stele-grave-marker-with-a-youth-and-little-girl-and-a-capital-and-finial-in-the-form-of-a-sphinx-530bce-met
    Marble stele (grave marker) with a youth and little girl, and a capital and finial in the form of a sphinx, Greek, Attic, ca. 530 BCE, the MET. 13 feet high.
    “The youth on the shaft is shown as an athlete, with an aryballos (oil flask) suspended from his wrist. Athletics were an important part of every boy’s education, and oil was used as a cleanser after exercise. He holds a pomegranate—a fruit associated with both fecundity and death in Greek myths—perhaps indicating that he had reached puberty before his death. The little girl, presumably a younger sister, holds a flower. The sphinx crowned a funerary stele as a symbolic protector for the deceased Megakles from the powerful clan of the Alkmeonidai.” The monument stood in Attica (the region around Athens) where people could see it from a great distance. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/248500
    Marble-stele-grave-marker-with-a-youth-and-little-girl-and-a-capital-and-finial-in-the-form-of-a-sphinx-530bce, the met
    Marble stele (grave marker) with finial in the form of a sphinx, Greek, Attic, ca. 530 BCE, the Met, NY.
    attic funerary monuments in Greece with description
    ATTIC FUNERARY MONUMENTS

    The reappearance of private funerary monuments in Attica in the first decade of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), after a long hiatus that began with the prohibitive law of Kleisthenes, is associated with the destructive effect of the plague that broke out in Athens in the beginning of the great war with Sparta. Full of fear and sorrow, the Athenians cremated their dead in masses, in an attempt to limit the fast spreading of the plague that lasted until 425 BC. Perikles himself was among the victims of the deadly illness. The political and economic upheaval brought about by the war and the concomitant changes in the population’s moral and religious beliefs as a result of the plague strengthened the conservative powers, which succeeded in restoring the ancient custom of erecting private memorials. This practice lasted until 317 or 307 BC, when the erection of luxurious funerary monuments ceased again, after a law issued by Demetrius of Phaleron.
    In contrast to the Archaic period, in the Classical period statues are uncommon as funerary monuments. Their place is taken by grave stelai and marble funerary vases. The form and decoration of funerary monuments varies according to the sex, age, social class and origin of the dead. Towards the end of the fifth century BC, grave reliefs adorn primarily the graves of women, youths and children. On the contrary,
    memorials for male citizens are mostly plain; they give emphasis on the personal name of the dead, the name of their father as well as that of their deme of origin, which indicates their civil rights. Memorials for foreigners record their personal and ethnic names, whereas those for slaves provide only their personal name. In the numerous cemeteries of the city and the coastal and inland demes of Attica, the large grave plots of prominent families point to the importance acquired in this period by the family a fact also indicated by contemporary drama.
    The center of the plot is occupied by a tall stele crowned by an anthemion and decorated only with rosettes. The stele lists the names of the family dead in succession and is framed by other monuments -stelai, gravestones in the shape of naiskoi, and marble funerary vases decorated in relief or in paint.
    The commonest theme is the so-called dexiosis, where the dead is shown in handshake with his or her kin. Another typical theme is the representation of the dead man with his young attendant, or the dead woman with her maid. Children are depicted with their pets and toys. The Athenians selected a marble funerary loutrophoros for youthful, unmarried dead, symbolically offering them a nuptial bath.
    Characteristic of Classical funerary imagery are the idealistic rendering of the dead with controlled emotions, and the avoidance of immediate references to death. An exception is formed by the dead in war, women who died in childbirth, as well as foreigners. Differences are observed in the imagery of marble vases, which are influenced by the sepulchral themes of white-ground lekythoi.

    The Naxian Sphinx

    The base of the giant Naxian Sphinx, marble, Halos, Delphi. Photo: Veronica Winters.

    The colossal Naxian Sphinx stood on a 12-meter high ionic column in ancient Greece. Today the giant sphinx is on display at the Museum of Delphi. Mentioned in the myth of Oedipus, the Sphinxes were linked to the primitive cults. They were considered to be the guardians of tombs and sanctuaries placed as funerary monuments and votive offerings. A highly popular image in ancient Greece, the demonic Sphinx was a loan from the East to ancient Greek art. This colossal statue of the Sphinx of Delphi was offered by the Naxians in the 6th century BC.

    The giant Naxian Sphinx in the Halos, Delphi:
    The Naxian Sphinx got created around 560 BC, preceding the construction of the Siphnian treasury –
    a building at the Ancient Greek cult center of Delphi, in which the priests hosted the offerings from the city of Siphnos. The building stood on the “Sacred Way” road going through the Sanctuary of Apollo.

    Naxos, a wealthy island of the Cyclades, sent a gigantic offering to the Sanctuary of Apollo of Delphi – the statue of the mythical Sphinx. Its colossal size, imposing appearance and location in the sanctuary (near the rock of Sibylla -the Sibyl rock-and in the foreground of the polygonal retaining wall of the temple) commemorated political and artistic supremacy of Naxos in the Archaic era. This demonic creature with the female face and enigmatic smile was supposed to be warding off the evil. Placed on the capital of a 12.50m tall ionic column, the sphinx became the oldest element in the ionic order in Delphi.

    Carved from a huge Naxian marble block, the Sphinx shows solid structure with beautiful rendering of the hair, chest and wings, giving the impression of lightness. Dated to the 4th century BC, the incised inscription on the column’s base states that the priests of Apollo honored the people of Naxos with the privilege of promanteia, that is, priority in receiving an oracle.

    sphinx figure closeups in Delphi-veronica winters art blog
    Close up views of the giant Naxian Sphinx figure in Delphi, photo: V.Winters

    Limestone-funerary-stele-shaft-surmounted-by-two-sphinxes-cypriot-5cbce-met
    Limestone funerary stele shaft surmounted by 2 sphinxes, Cypriot, 5th century BCE, the Met, NY.
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/242050
    Limestone-statue-of-a-sphinx-greek-550-bce-views-met
    Beautiful views of a limestone statue of a Greek sphinx, 550 BCE, the Met, NY.
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/254504

    What does the Greek Sphinx mean? A lot of ancient Greek sphinxes are found as grave offerings in tombs, funerary monuments and sacred vessels in palaces. While the meaning of a Greek sphinx appearing on an ancient vase can probably vary some, most of the monuments seem to be connected to the world of the dead. The demonic creature was supposed to be warding off the evil, being the guardian of tombs and sanctuaries placed as funerary monuments.

    For example, the Spata Sphinx is one of the most beautiful, well-preserved Greek sphinxes seen in Athens today.

    archaic sphinx 570 bc pentelic marble-spata
    Originally found in the Athens airport area, the Statue of a Sphinx was erected as finial of a grave stele in Attica. One of the earliest known Archaic Sphinxes, it was made of a Pentelic marble around 570 B.С.

    “A series of vases of the early and late Geometric period (9th-8th Century B.C.) came from a cemetery at the northern area of the airport. These were the first artefacts to inform us about the inhabitants of the land of that period.  A network of dirt roads ran next to a cemetery, which crisscrossed fields, olive groves, vineyards, and linked the rural communities of the Attica. The family tombs of local aristocracy, who owned the best land in the area, dotted the landscape in the 6th century B.C. Powerful “Spata Sphinx,” now in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, belonged to one of such luxury funerary monuments. A replica of this sphinx is exhibited at the airport’s museum.”
    Limestone funerary stele with antithetical sphinxes, Cypriot, 450 century BCE, the Met, NY.
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/242406

    The Greeks placed the statues of a Sphinx as finial of a grave stele or as luxury grave monuments to be the guardians of the dead, similar to how sphinxes were viewed in Egypt. The Greek sphinx was also associated with riddles and challenges, as seen in the myth of Oedipus. The demonic statues were also decorative elements in small vases and perfume boxes.

    Here are some Sphinxes and Griffins incised on tombs’ decorations I saw in Eleusis, Greece. Eleusis was an important ancient Greek cult center that got destroyed with the rise of Christianity.

    Ancient Greek Vessels showing the statue of a Sphinx:

    Greek vase amphora -sphinx-Tampa art museum-
    Black-figure Amphora showing the sphinx figure (Storage Vessel): Attributed to the Phineus Painter South Italian or Greek, “Chalcidian” (probably made in Rhegium [modern Reggio Calabria], South Italy), ca. 520-510 BC, Ceramic. Tampa Museum of Art, US. Photo: V. Winters
    This elegant, large sphinx is painted in the shape and “Chalcidian” painting style of black-figure vases. The name of this style comes from the Greek town of Chalcis but thought by many scholars to have been produced in South Italy.

    A Greek vase showing two sphinxes, photo: V. Winters

    sphinx on vase-eleusis
    Large Sphinx figure is painted on a vase exhibited in Eleusis, the cult center. In the 7th century, the population of Eleusis declined, probably due to drought and famine. With high child mortality, the majority of the burials consisted of infants and toddlers buried in jars. This amphora depicting a winged sphinx was used for a toddler burial. Archaic artisans were experimenting with new decorative patterns and techniques coming from the East. Note the optical illusion on the neck of the vessel! The opposing heads of the panther and the lion create a face that stares right at us.

    Terracotta-stand-greek-520-bce-met
    Terracotta stand, Greek, Attic, ca. 520 BCE, On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 157.

    A lot of Attic pottery was manufactured and exported to Etruria. “Indigenous Etruscan shapes were reinterpreted in Athenian workshops; the Hellenized variants then sold to Etruscan patrons in the west and often buried in their tombs. The Etruscan prototypes generally exist in the sturdy black ware called bucchero. This pair of stands represents the phenomenon of adaptation with a shape unique in Attic vase-painting. They probably held floral or vegetal offerings.” https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/255195

    Ancient Greek vase with two sphinxes, photo: V. Winters
    Ancient Greek vase with some sphinxes and animals, photo: V. Winters.

    Similar designs on a pottery can be seen at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

    Terracotta dinos, 630 BCE, the Met, NY. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/256846

    Terracotta pyxis, cosmetic box, Greek, 550 BCE, the Met, NY http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/239949

    Color

    A fragment of a colored wing I saw in the Athens archeological museum.

    Color: “Polychromy” means “many colors” in Greek. Artists painted the statues of the sphinx figures and other sculptures using very bright colors including blue (azurite) and red. Traces of hues are left on the archaic limestone sphinxes dating from the early 6th century BCE. The sphinx displayed at the Met shows traces of cinnabar red, yellow ochre, carbon-based black, and blue pigments. According to the researchers at the Met, they identified 2 blue pigments – Egyptian blue (synthetic color developed in Egypt in the Late Bronze Age) and Azurite blue. Expensive Cinnabar Red was imported from Iberia (Spain). Red ochre was made of hematite.

    All scientific findings were shared with Vinzenz Brinkmann and the Liebieghaus Polychromy Research Project. https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/articles/2022/8/new-research-greek-sphinx

    ancient colors -pigments in Greece
    These are the colors used in ancient Greece to color their monuments as as seen in the archeological museum in Athens. The display shows the original pigments coming from various regions beyond Greece itself. Fragments of a white stone show colored wings dated at 570 BC! Lapis (blue color) consists of many minerals, mainly lazurite from Afghanistan. Conichalcite (green), Malachite & Azurite pigments come from the Laurion mines. White comes from Western Melos Island and consist of kaolinite, alunite, titanium dioxide. Ochre (yellow) comes from the copper mine in Cyprus and consists of jarosite. Red hematite mixed with iron hydroxides comes from the islands in Greece. There is a display of synthetic pigments- white and blue. Lead white is cerussite+ hydrocerussite. The Egyptian blue is marble powder+ quartz+ copper + alkali cooked at 860 degrees Celsius.

    Other popular materials:

    Ivory
    Elephant ivory: this raw material and the Hippopotamus ivory (also in use during the Mycenean era) came from Near East & Egypt. Elephant ivory was reserved for large and expensive art pieces. In the palatial period (14th-13th centuries BC), artisans worked ivory in specialized workshops to make luxury objects, like the elaborate male or female figurines made for religious purposes, jewelry boxes, ivory handles for bronze mirrors, combs and musical instruments. They also produced massive amounts of ivory plaques-inlays in luxury furniture (beds, chairs, footstools) and even the chariot parts. Groups of plaques were in the shape of bull heads, figure-of-eight shields, columns, lilies or ivy leaves. According to the Linear B texts, ivory had inlays with gold, silver or kyanos (blue glass). Ivory objects or plaques depicted the human figures, griffins, sphinxes or animals in relief. Rosettes, half-rosettes or spirals had the decorative intent.
    The figure of a small sphinx, Mykines, photo: Veronica Winters

    Miniature art in bronze and gold:

    Minoan miniature metal sphinxes (525-500 BC & 475-450BC) and pomegranate (6th BCE), Heraklion, Crete.

    During the Neo palatial period, Minoan artists specialized in miniature art, producing works in gold and ivory plaques and mold-cast inlays in vitreous materials such as faience and glass paste. Their artistic motifs included images of nature and sacred symbols (like the double axe and the seated ivory child from Palaikastro). The arms of a figurines have traces of the veins showing artistic precision captured in miniature art.

    Bronze statuette of a sphinx, Greek, 5th century BCE, the Met
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/256231

    This is one of the bronze vessels I saw in the museum in Athens. The vase shows strong Egyptian influences in art depicting the sphinxes, figures and animals.
    Bronze vase handle in a shape of a sphinx figure.
    Bronze mirror with a sphinx figure, photo: Veronica Winters
    Bronze mirror with a winged figure, photo: Veronica Winters
    Bronze mirror supported by a female figure with two sphinxes, 520 BC. photo: Veronica Winters
    Gold earring with a sphinx, Greek, 4th century BCE, the Met
    Gold pendant in the form of a sphinx, Greek, 5th century BCE, the Met, NY.

    Oedipus and the Sphinx Mythology:

    Amphora with Oedipus and the Sphinx of Thebes 450BCE -MFA Boston
    Two-handled jar (amphora) depicting Oedipus and the Sphinx of Thebes, the Achilles Painter, Greek, Classical Period, 450–440 B.C, Place of Manufacture: Greece, Attica, Athens, on view at Museum of Fine Arts Boston.
    Embodying danger, destruction, and riddles, the most famous Greek sphinx is the one guarding Thebes in the story of Oedipus. This sphinx presented a deadly riddle to travelers, devouring those who couldn't answer it. No one could until the day Oedipus showed up. The riddle: "What is that which has one voice and yet becomes four-footed, two-footed, and three-footed?" Oedipus gives the answer that it's a man. He's four-footed as a baby. He walks on two feet as an adult and gets the third foot- a cane when he gets old. 

    Oedipus, king of Thebes, is a classic Greek tragedy of fate and free will.

    • A Doomed Prophecy: King Laius and Queen Jocasta of Thebes learn from an oracle that their son will kill Laius and marry Jocasta. Horrified, they try to prevent this by piercing the infant’s ankles (hence the name “Oedipus,” meaning “swollen foot”) and abandoning him on a mountain.
    • Twist of Fate: A shepherd finds the baby and takes him to the king and queen of Corinth, who raise him as their own.
    • Fleeing Fate: Years later, Oedipus consults an oracle and receives the same chilling prophecy – he will kill his father and marry his mother. Believing his Corinthian parents to be his true ones, he flees Corinth to escape this fate.
    • Unknowingly Fulfilling the Prophecy: On his journey, Oedipus gets into an argument with an older man (Laius) at a crossroads and unknowingly kills him. He then arrives at Thebes, where the city is plagued by the Sphinx, a creature who devours travelers who cannot answer her riddle. Oedipus solves the riddle, defeating the Sphinx.
    • Reward and Unwitting Marriage: As a reward, Oedipus is declared the new king and marries the widowed queen – Jocasta, his biological mother, thus unknowingly committing the sin of incest. They have children together.
    • Unraveling the Truth: A plague falls upon Thebes. Seeking the cause, Oedipus uncovers the truth of his past through a series of revelations, including a blind prophet and a shepherd.
    • Tragic Consequences: Realizing the horror of his actions, Jocasta takes her own life and Oedipus, in despair, blinds himself. He is ultimately exiled from Thebes, condemned to wander with his daughters as his guides.
    Attic cup: Oedipus and the Sphinx
Oedipus and the Sphinx, interior of an Attic red-figured kylix (cup or drinking vessel), c. 470 BCE; in the Gregorian Etruscan Museum, the Vatican Museums, Rome.
    Attic cup: Oedipus and the Sphinx, interior of an Attic red-figured kylix (cup or drinking vessel), c. 470 BCE; in the Gregorian Etruscan Museum, the Vatican Museums, Rome.

    The tragic end of Oedipus, when the truth was revealed, served as the ultimate lesson in Delphic theology. It means that all humans should live a life of virtue, knowing that their fate has been predetermined by the gods. This is something that even Socrates, the wisest of men according to Pythian Apollo, admitted in Plato’s Apology, just before meeting his own end.

    The Oracle; Camillo Miola (Biacca) (Italian (Neapolitan), 1840 – 1919); 1880; Oil on canvas; 108 x 142.9 cm (42 1/2 x 56 1/4 in.); The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles has a painting called The Oracle by Camillo Miola (Biacca), 42x56in, 1880 that depicts the Oracle of Delphi chosen by Apollo-the Pythia. The painting includes the omphalos, a sacred object at Delphi that was considered the center of the world. The ancient Greeks consulted the Delphic Oracle as she spoke the truth channeling prophecies coming from God Apollo.

    The story explores themes of fate versus free will, the power of knowledge and self-discovery, and the devastating consequences of defying the gods’ will. The sphinx mythology remained a popular motif in Greek art and literature for centuries and was revived in the 19th-century European art. The examples of which I’m including below.

    Oedipus and the Sphinx, g. moreau 1864-the met-best art museums
    Oedipus and the Sphinx, Gustave Moreau, French,1864, The Met. The legendary Greek prince Oedipus confronts the malevolent Sphinx, who torments travelers with a riddle, remains of which who answered incorrectly litter the foreground:
    “What creature walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening?” (The solution is the human, who crawls as a baby, strides upright in maturity, and uses a cane in old age.)

    Moreau exhibited this painting at the Paris Salon of 1864. Despite the emergence of new painting ideas and style in art at that time, the artist focused on painting surreal, mythological, and imaginary stories. His mystical art inspired many artists, including Odilon Redon and Oscar Wilde.
    Gustave Moreau French, 1864
    Oedipus and the Sphinx, Gustave Moreau, French,1864, The Met. Closeup.

    The Silent Councillor from the Portfolio, engraving done after painting by Tadema http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/668073
    Ingres, Oedipus and the Sphinx, 1864, the Walters Museum of Art. and Ingres in The National Gallery, 1826, London.
    Ingres painted the story of Oedipus several times refining composition and even reversing the figures in a mirror-like image. One of the paintings is in The National Gallery, London and a reversed one is in The Walters Art Museum. Can you see the difference? 🙂 The London one looks like a developed sketch but not a finished painting. There’s also another (finished) painting on view in the Louvre dated to 1808.
    Claude Ferdinand Gaillard, engraving done after Ingres, the Met, NY.

    This black-and-white image is an engraving – a form of printmaking that allowed to make hand-pulled copies of art for mass distribution. Printmakers usually made engravings of famous paintings thus giving them a much wider reach.

    Scottish National Gallery, a closeup of a painting depicting a golden chair with a sphinx figure.

    Conclusion

    When I decide to write an article about any subject, it quickly spirals into a rabbit hole of endless information. While I start with my basic knowledge on the subject, it becomes an extensive research based on my travel photography, books and descriptions at the art museums. I hope you enjoyed reading about the origins and artistic development of this enigmatic sphinx figure that will inspire you to both create and share this article with your friends!

    References: While most of my writing is based on my trip to Greece where I took pictures of descriptions and art in the archeological museums and sites in Athens, Heraklion, Mycenae, Delphi, etc, I also found beautiful images and descriptions on the Met website that I included throughout the article. Main links are below:

    https://www.metmuseum.org/perspectives/articles/2022/8/archaic-greek-sphinx

    https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/251951

    https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/chroma

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    Holy Meteora: its history & Byzantine painting

    View of Holy Meteora Monastery in Greece
    Holy Meteora, Greece

    Holy Meteora: the most magical place on Earth

    While I’m not religious, I find that holy Meteora in Greece is a truly fantastic place on Earth. When you step inside a monastery and walk up to its iconostasis you get a feeling that can’t be described or shown in pictures. Rebuilt walls of ancient churches hold enigmatic power and spirituality I haven’t seen or felt anywhere else. Floating in the air, Meteora is a group of 6 monasteries of various size that provide shelter to monks, religious art and spirit. Stunning views from and to the monasteries are everywhere along the road leading to the top. Located about 5-6 hours away from Athens, Greece, it’s a must-see attraction.

    Modern historians use the term Byzantine Empire to distinguish the state from the western portion of the Roman Empire. The empire was centered on Constantinople, the capital city of the Byzantine Empire and the rebuilt version of Byzantium that was oriented towards Greek culture with Orthodox Christianity.

    Meteoro means “suspended in the air” since all these monasteries got built on top of steep rock cliffs.


    View of Holy Meteora Monastery in Greece
    View of Holy Meteora Monastery in Greece

    Video on YouTube:

    https://youtu.be/NvmqdCqlNCo

    What is the history of Meteora and its monasteries in Greece? 

    Early Hermit Life (10th-14th Centuries):

    • The dramatic rock formations of Meteora first attracted monks seeking solitude around the 10th century.
    • These early ascetics lived in caves scattered throughout the cliffs.

    Monastery Establishment (14th-16th Centuries):

    • The 14th century marked a shift. Saint Athanasios founded the Great Meteoron Monastery, the first of the large, perched monasteries, around 1340.
    • Other monasteries followed throughout the 14th-16th centuries, fueled by a growing monastic movement and the desire for security against Ottoman invasions.
    • Building these monasteries on such heights posed a challenge. Monks used elaborate techniques involving scaffolding, nets, and winches to hoist materials and themselves up the cliffs.

    Golden Age and Decline (16th-17th Centuries):

    • The 16th and early 17th centuries were a golden age for Meteora. Post-Byzantine Monasteries, including Varlaam, Rousanou, and Prodromos, appeared.
    • The monasteries flourished, becoming centers of learning, religious art, and cultural preservation.
    • Many of the monasteries’ beautiful frescoes and architectural features date from this period.
    • However, by the 17th century it declined. Attacks by bandits and changing political landscapes took a toll on Meteora.

    Modern Day:

    • Today, only six of the original 24 monasteries remain active.
    • These monasteries are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and major tourist attraction in Greece.
    • Visitors can marvel at the breathtaking clifftop setting, explore the monasteries’ history and religious art, and experience a glimpse of monastic life.

    View of Holy Meteora

    THE MONASTIC CENTER OF THE HOLY METEORA

    Holy Meteoro, the stone city of Stagoi, is the largest and most important monastic center in Greece after mount Athos. This otherworldly city of rocks sits at about 4000 meters high. The first monks built the monasteries of the Holy Meteora with hard labor and passion, which exists at the crossroads of faith, civilization and history. The exceptional combination of natural beauty and monastic architecture attracts tourists and believers alike. This unique monastic center became the World Heritage Site in 1988. Holy Meteora has also been declared as the archeological site and receives protection of the antiquities from the European legislation. It also has a wild bird protection status. Meteora’s religious status and its center is protected by the Greek law that declares it as a sacred place.

    The founder of the first monastery of Transfiguration – St. Athanasios named the place ‘Meteoron’ to describe the ‘Broad Rock’, the pinnacle of which he was the first to climb in 1343/4 AD. This term literally means ‘suspended in the air.’ Earthly monks created and lived beyond worldly standards in space “between the sky and earth.”

    Geological Formation of the Rocks:

    The most probable theory of the rocks formation is the result of a cone-shaped delta. Giant rocks, sand and sediment were carried by a river and deposited in the ancient lake of Thessaly. The river entered the sea near now present Kalambaka over 25 million years ago. When the water flowed into the Aegean Sea, following the separation of the Mount Olympus from the Mount Ossa, this cone-shaped delta eroded further because of the earthquakes, wind and heavy rainfall. It split to form cave-like rocks and hills of various shapes to create the spectacular landscape of the ‘rocky forest.’

    View of Holy Meteora Monastery in Greece

    Holy Meteora Monasticism over the centuries:

    The first monks of the holy Meteora appeared as cave-dwelling ascetics in the 11th century. Steep peaks of god-created rocks became heavenly invitation to the monks to practice their faith and spirituality. At first, they created small places for prayer in caves where they lived as hermits. Eventually, they established ascetic lifestyle and a holy place. In the 12th century, they formed a monastic community with regular prayer on Sundays. The following years, the monks ascended the higher rocks using stakes and ropes. Over the centuries they established 41 monasteries and hermitages in Meteora.

    Today, there are 6 monasteries with organized monastic communities, which are:

    1. Megalo Meteoro Monastery – Monastery of Transfiguration
    2. Varlaam or All Saints Monastery
    3. Agios Nikolas Anapafsas Monastery or St. Nicholas Anapafsas
    4. Rousanau Monastery or St Barbara’s Monastery
    5. Agia Triada Monastery or the Holy Trinity Monastery
    6. Agios Stefanos Monastery or St Stephan Monastery

    Because of time, wars, bandits, most of the monasteries were either abandoned or destroyed. Over the last fifty years, the restoration program re-established these monasteries. It’s been a lot of architectural reconstruction, preservation of frescoes, and other work to preserve this monastic center today.

    Monks

    A monk changes his name during his tonsure and wears a robe. He leads an ascetic life either in solitude or in a coenobium (a monastery). He constantly exercises his faith and prays, fighting for the absolution and salvation of his soul and his union with God.

    Vows – are virtues. Every monk makes three vows to God:
    Vow of obedience: Obedience is imperative since the monk is struggling to dispose of the deep passion of ambition and to reach humility through this effort.
    Vow of chastity: There is a distinction between physical and mental chastity and it heals sensuality. The monastic chastity-virginity does not signify the renouncement of marriage, which is blessed by God and the Church, but unconditional love towards God.
    Vow of poverty: The monk must fight against the “passion of ownership” or greed, the “love of money” or avarice and material possessions.

    The value of monasticism at the Holy Meteora over the centuries:

    The monks’ love of God and their zeal for the monasticism and asceticism formed the impetus for this miraculous lifestyle. Monasticism is the highest calling and path that leads to holiness. It’s the complete devotion to the triune God. It is the imitation of the angels in the divine love. The entire monk’s life consists of a full opening of the heart to God and his total obedience to His Holy Will, keeping his commandments. It’s about constant strive for sanctification and prayer for the salvation of the entire world. Whether working, studying or praying, the monk cries out in a prayer, “Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy upon us.”

    The monastic community welcomes visitors as they preserve their spiritual site. However, their primary purpose is to offer a living witness of Christ when people loose their sense of national and religious identity and experience economic and spiritual crisis. The monks strive to preserve this precious legacy of faith and tradition.

    Monks lifting themselves up using nets in Holy Meteora Monastery in Greece

    Below you’ll find some texts and explanations of the Orthodox religion, symbolism and history that I took from the grounds of 6 monasteries across Meteora and modified those texts for better reading experience.

    THE ORTHODOX CHURCH AND ITS SYMBOLISM

    The Orthodox Church is a visual symbol of Him whom human eyes cannot see; it is a miniature of the world, it is a "microcosm" which symbolizes the visible and invisible world. It is a sacramental locus par excellence, which symbolizes and realizes the relationship with heaven. It is an image of the world and in particular of the Triune God, since God is everywhere and above all. 

    Since it depicts the Triune God, it is divided into three parts:

    1. The most sacred Sanctuary is the model of heavens. The throne of the immaterial God is symbolized by the Holy Altar. The heavenly powers are found at the Holy Altar and in heaven, symbolized by the priests and the Bishop -the image of Christ.
    2. The nave represents the invisible, heavenly world (Angels, Prophets, Apostles, heavenly Divine Liturgy) in its upper level and the visible world in its lower level.
    3. The narthex is the first level of the church’s structure intended for the preparation for the Holy Baptism and the penitents. Today, some of our Church services are held in the narthex. Whenever there are catechumens, it is used for their instruction in faith.

    The cupola is at the exact center of the church and it symbolizes heaven. Christ, the The Lord of the Universe, is depicted on it. Just as He did on the Cross, the Lord has stretched out His arms embracing the whole world. He united “what was once fractured”, so that in every Orthodox Church we find ourselves not before Christ, but actually with Him. We are His limbs, His body; we are in His embrace.

    According to the Orthodox iconography, as we are looking downwards from the cupola, we see the celestial angels and the heavenly Divine Liturgy, and then the Prophets, who foresaw the Incarnation of our Lord. Next, we see the Apostles, who bore witness to His First Coming to the world, the events of our Christ’s life on earth, His parables and His miracles. We see glorified saints at the lowest level. They became our powerful protectors and intercessors to our Heavenly King Jesus Christ as well as our safe guides to the path of salvation.

    In the Orthodox Church, the believer transcends the place and time of this temporal world. While being on earth he partakes heaven. He communes with the celestial, while living in this material world. He foretastes the eternity while working within earthly time limits.

    The most joyful event of all human history, that is the victory of life over death after the glorious Resurrection of Christ, is experienced inside the church. The Orthodox Church is the Church of the Resurrection, because it lives and experiences the actual fact of the Resurrection continuously. Orthodox life is a constant Easter!

    In the Icon painting we see the life of incorruption and an expression of the transcendental reality of the Church either through the depictions of the Resurrection or the images of Saints. The believers feel this spiritual elevation and experience graceful joy of the victory over death and corruption. This way, they leave this earthly life to be in the eternal Kingdom of God.

    View of Holy Meteora Monastery in Greece

    The Talanton

    Fulfilling God’s commandment, Noah made a signal with a plank of wood for animals to get into the Ark to be saved from the cataclysm. “the Talan-ton” signals the time for the Holy Services to gather the faithful to get into the “New Holy Ark, Christ’s Church, and be saved from the cataclysm of sin.

    The Katholikon

    “Katholikon” refers to the principal church building within a monastery. This church serves as the central place of worship for the monastic community. It’s equivalent to a conventual church in Western Christianity. In some cases, “katholikon” refers to the main church of a diocese, similar to a cathedral in the Western Christian tradition. This church would be the seat of the bishop who oversees the diocese.

    The narthex of the katholikon

    The narthex of the katholikon, within the Eastern Orthodox Church, refers to the entrance vestibule or hallway of the main church building in a monastery (the katholikon). The narthex is typically situated at the western end (entrance side) of the katholikon and serves as a transitional space between the outside world and the sacred space of the church interior. The narthex concept originated in early Christian basilicas and was adopted by Byzantine churches. Today, the narthex in a monastery katholikon functions as an entrance space for visitors.

    Historically, it was:

    • Welcoming Area: The narthex provided a space for newcomers or those not yet full members of the church community to gather and participate in some aspects of the service.
    • Instructional Space: In some cases, the narthex might have been used for religious instruction or announcements.
    • Penitential Space: Those undergoing penance or temporary exclusion from the main church service might wait in the narthex.
    • Decoration: While the main church interior (nave) is usually more richly decorated with religious imagery, the narthex might have some frescoes or icons as well. These could depict scenes from the Bible or stories of saints.

    THE ORHTODOX ΒΥΖΑΝΤΙΝΕ PAINTING

    A close up of a wall icon in Holy Meteora

    The Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine art:

    The Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine art emerged around the same period, with roots in the Roman Empire and early Christianity. Both the Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine art did not have a single origin point. They developed within the Eastern Roman Empire, which encompassed parts of the Near East, North Africa, and southeastern Europe. Major cities like Constantinople, Thessaloniki, and Athens were important centers for the Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine artistic production. Artistic styles and theological ideas flowed throughout the Eastern Roman Empire, with regional variations emerging over time. The Eastern Orthodox Church and Byzantine art continued to evolve after the 11th century, even after the fall of Constantinople.

    Ancient book of manuscripts displayed at the museum in Holy Meteora

    Eastern Orthodox Church: The Great Schism of 1054 AD formally separated the Eastern and Western Churches. However, the Eastern Orthodox Church had been developing differences for centuries before that. Roughly, the Eastern Orthodox Church can be considered established by the 5th or 6th century AD.

    • The Great Schism, also known as the East-West Schism, refers to the formal separation of the Christian Church into two branches: the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church. This split occurred in 1054 AD, but tensions and disagreements had been simmering for centuries before that. There were theological, political and cultural differences that led to the divide.
    • Theological Differences: A major point of contention was the Filioque clause, which Catholics added to the Nicene Creed. This clause states that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son, while the Eastern Orthodox Church believed the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father alone.
      Papal Supremacy: The Eastern Church grew increasingly wary of the growing authority of the Pope in Rome. The Eastern Church leaders favored a more decentralized structure with power shared among patriarchs of different regions.
      Clerical Practices: Disagreements existed over practices like the use of unleavened bread for communion (preferred by the West) and the mandatory celibacy of clergy (enforced by the West but not the East).
      Political and Cultural Tensions: Underlying theological differences were also fueled by broader political and cultural tensions between the Eastern Roman Empire (centered in Constantinople) and the Western Roman Empire (centered in Rome). These empires had long been divided, and cultural differences added to the growing rift. Centuries of political maneuvering and mistrust between Eastern and Western leaders further strained the relationship between the two churches. The Final Break (1054 AD): A specific event in 1054 acted as the formal catalyst for the schism. Pope Leo IX sent legates to Constantinople to address concerns about the Eastern Church’s practices. However, the mission turned sour, with both sides excommunicating each other. This mutual excommunication marked a turning point, solidifying the separation between the two churches.
    Panel with a griffin, Byzantine art of 1250, at the Met


    Byzantine Art: Byzantine art is generally dated from the 4th century AD, following the establishment of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) as the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, to the fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Byzantine art begins to develop, drawing on Roman, Greek, and early Christian artistic traditions. Byzantine art flourishes, particularly under the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527-565 AD).

    The Orthodox Byzantine painting style:

    Christ Pantocrator, mosaics from Hagia Sophia in Contantinople/Istanbul

    Mosaics, Frescoes & icons:

    Two primary techniques dominated: mosaics composed of small colored tiles and frescoes painted directly onto wet plaster. Mosaics were often used for grand, public spaces, while frescoes adorned the walls and ceilings of churches and monasteries. Icons were painted on wood with gold leaf, precious stone and some added casings in gold or silver.

    Religious Focus:

    Almost all Byzantine paintings served a religious purpose. They adorned churches and monasteries, depicting scenes and figures from the Bible, lives of saints, and theological concepts. Although the writings in Meteora deny this notion in favor of the following statement.

    The Orthodox Church is decorated with frescoes and icons. The Orthodox Byzantine painting is not merely a form of art, it is not even a religious painting. Its purpose is not to decorate the walls of our churches or other buildings for the decoration purposes. It is a liturgical art, which depicts or rather narrates the lives of holy persons and sacred historical events of the Orthodox Faith, so as to lead us to a more profound knowledge of the Triune God and the Saints of our Church. It functions as the painted form of the sacred Word of the Gospel.

    Contemporary painting in Holy Meteora

    Spiritual Significance:

    Unlike classical art that emphasized naturalism, Byzantine painting aimed to convey a spiritual message. We see elongated and stylized saints and other figures. They have exaggerated gestures and facial features to evoke emotion.
    Byzantine painting does not depict present reality, because it is not interested in a fickle world of decay and corruption. It presents the world renewed by the Holy Spirit. Through its techniques, shapes and colors, the byzantine painting attempts to represent our spiritual bodies and the divine glory we shall assume on the day of the Resurrection. Its nature is pious and devotional; its formal beauty is of the spirit, not the body. The sacred figures are depicted in unchanging, uncorrupted form, with spiritual vigor, courage of mind and spirit, frank honesty, sincerity and integrity.

    Cupola, Eastern Orthodox Church style, Colorado Springs, USA


    The Orthodox painting has its own rules, determined by the Orthodox theological foundations on which it rests:

    1. It abolishes the light of the secular world: In accordance with the laws of nature, secular painting renders the shadows cast by persons and objects. We describe it as turning the form through light and shade. But the Byzantine painting creates form through light alone. All is bright and distinct, because all is illuminated by the never-setting sun of Justice, Christ- the only source of light in all His Kingdom. Shadow symbolizes the sin.

    2. It abolishes earthly time and space: The image retains the historical features and context of its subject, but is not bound by them. This is why Orthodox art liberates itself from its constraints. Sometimes, it presents chronologically-different events in a connected depiction. God is timeless and beyond space. Space and time are human concepts, employed for the practical regulations of our lives, while in the Church everything turns into eternity.

    3. It abolishes perspective: In secular art painting, every work respects the natural law of perspective. This flattened Perspective, with buildings and landscapes depicted in a simplified way gives focus on the central figures and their symbolic meaning.

    Gold leaf & Blue:

    Eastern Orthodox Church style, Colorado Springs, USA

    In the Orthodox painting, “depth” or “background” gives way to the “Kampos”- a flat surface, which in the icon painting is covered in gold (symbolizing the Kingdom of God) and in murals is covered in blue (symbolizing the sky). Other vibrant colors like blues, reds, and greens were prominent, creating a sense of awe and majesty. The generous use of the gold leaf added to the opulence and sacred atmosphere of the paintings and icons inside the church.

    Why icons look stylized and two-dimensional in the Byzantine painting:

    This approach gives prominence to the central theme and assists the function of a “reverse” perspective. This shows the “mystic depth” of the image, which is the work of redemption of our Lord Jesus Christ, who descended to earth from heaven to save the world. His Kingdom has already arrived and His love embraces and raises us to this Kingdom. This embrace is what the reverse perspective is meant to show the icon embraces the worshipper who is standing before it.

    The face is always depicted in the Orthodox painting. It’s based on the etymology of the Greek word “face”, that means looking towards the eyes, because all the saints view God “face to face”, according to their soul’s purity. The way in which the features of the face are represented in Orthodox iconography is educational, symbolic and uplifting.

    Large and wide-open eyes have a peaceful expression, because they see God, they view His uncreated Glory. The nose is rendered as thin, long and spiritual. The mouth is small and closed, often covered, to show that the depicted person has no need to speak. He has been united with the Word of God, with Christ Himself. He uses speech only when necessary and always to the glory of God. He does not speak, he acts. This also reminds us that “silence is the mystery of the time to come”.

    The Saints are depicted with large ears, as a sign that they are ready to listen to the word, the commandments of our Triune God. The saints “listen to” and obey God, which is the reason why all their senses have been blessed and made holy.

    In the Orthodox Church we don’t use three-dimensional statues, which represent our material and perishable world. On the contrary, the Byzantine iconography uses only two dimensions (height and width) in its depictions. The third dimension (depth) is intended to be supplied by the faithful as they pray. The believer becomes a part of the icon. The Byzantine iconography (frescoes and portable icons) is a teaching. It’s prayer and theology. It’s transcendence, encounter with the divine, consolation and repose of the faithful in the bosom of our Triune God and His Saints. It’s liturgy means for our salvation and glorification.

    Hieratic Scale: The use of hieratic scale meant important figures, like Jesus or the Virgin Mary, were depicted larger than others, emphasizing their significance.

    The Holy Monastery of Great Meteoron

    This is the oldest and largest monastery in Meteora. Also known as the monastery of Transfiguration, the Megalo Meteoro got founded by the Greek-Serbian Saint Athanasios the Meteorite in the 14th century. The saint was born around 1302 and lived in Athos- the main religious site in Greece before founding the monastic order in Meteora.

    He built the church with the words, “I place you under the roof of the Virgin Mary.” The second founder- St. Ioasaph was the son of the Greek-Serbian king of Epirus and Thessaly. The 1387 inscriptions state that he re-built and expended the original church as a sanctuary in the form of a katholikon as it’s present today. Palaiologan wall paintings dated from 1483. St. Ioasaph died around 1422. Both Saint Athanasios and St. Ioasaph are saints in this church who are honored in April. Their skulls have become the venerated relics at the church that are displayed in the narthex of the katholikon.

    Great Meteoron monastery, side view

    Main church with the narthex got built in 1544 using the Athonite pattern. The mural work in post-byzantine style got completed in 1552 and is attributed to Tziortzis of Constantinople and his workshop.

    Ancient Eastern Orthodox church in Athens, Greece
    Ancient Eastern Orthodox church in Athens, Greece
    The Athonite church pattern, also known as the Athonite type, is a specific architectural style used in Byzantine churches, particularly prominent on Mount Athos, a monastic peninsula in Greece. Developed around the 10th century, the Athonite pattern is based on the pre-existing cross-in-square plan, a common Byzantine church design. It incorporates modifications:
    Addition of Side Chapels: Two lateral apses or chapels are added to the eastern side of the main square, flanking the central apse that typically houses the altar. These side chapels are called "choroi" (singular: choros). Double Narthex: Another key distinction is the presence of two narthexes, an inner narthex (esonarthex) and an outer narthex (exonarthex), attached to the western end of the church. The Athonite pattern was well-suited for the needs of monastic communities on Mount Athos by giving additional space for the liturgies and regulating the flow of visitors.

    Distinctive Features of the Athonite Church:
    Compact Design: Despite the additions, Athonite churches tend to be more compact compared to some other Byzantine church styles. This practicality suited the mountainous terrain of Mount Athos.
    Focus on Interior: The exterior of Athonite churches is often relatively plain, while the focus lies on the interior decoration. Frescoes, mosaics, and iconography often adorn the walls and ceilings, creating a rich visual experience.
    Examples of Athonite Churches: Great Lavra Monastery, Vatopedi Monastery and Iveron Monastery at Mt. Athos.

    According to the inscription, the abbot Simeon guided building of the old refectory of the monastery. This old refectory houses Georgios Tsioulakis gallery of religious art with paintings of another young artist- Kostas Adamos from Kalabaka. the subjects depict monastic life and liturgy. Originally built in 1575, the two-story infirmary and a ward for the elderly monks is a beautiful monastic infirmary to survive to the present day (the second one is in Varlaam). Thoroughly renovated, the museum now houses monastic manuscripts, old books, printed books, portable icons, woodcarvings, gold-embroidered garments. There is a museum of history beneath the old refectory that shows some Greek history in costumes, documents, folk art, etc.

    There’s a well-preserved old kitchen and a cellar with utensils, tools etc. The old carpenter’s shop gives a glimpse at the past. It’s really interesting to see the lifting tower and the net, in which monks were hauled up to the monastery before they built the stairs. Finally, the view from the steps of the monastery is just spectacular.

    The very center of the church with old walls, iconostasis, frescoes, wood carvings and chandeliers is incredible. I’ve never seen such distinct combination of religious decorations in a church. There is a round, beautiful center piece with icons and a chandelier suspended above to gaze at the painted image of Christ in the cupola. Beautiful carved chairs and candles surround the space. It is amazing to see a living Orthodox monasticism in Meteora that keeps existing for 600 years being inline with the Greek people and their faith.

    The Monastery of the Holy Trinity

    Holy Trinity Monastery in Holy Meteora
    Holy Trinity Monastery in Holy Meteora


    The Holy Trinity Monastery-Agia Triada in Greek- takes a bit of a climb to reach. Established around1362, this is a fairly small monastery with the main chapel or Catholicon dedicated to the Holy Trinity. According to the official site of Meteora (link below), it was abandoned by the 20th century like all Meteora but in 1909, some Greek archaeologists surveying the monastery accidentally discovered a crypt containing 47 rare parchments and ancient codes. In 1925, the local bishop with the help of the locals finished the construction of a safe staircase. During the second WW, the Monastery of Holy Trinity suffered heavy damage with one of its main buildings burning to the ground. Τhe monastery got renovated in the ’70s to welcome visitors today. The Holy Trinity became a movie set in 1981 in the James Bond 007 film “For your eyes only”. The monks didn’t allow to shoot the movie inside and so a separate interior was constructed to shoot the movie scenes.

    At the base of the cliff, you can see the old trail of the monks that takes you to Kalabaka.

    The Varlaam Monastery

    Holy Meteora carved wood window

    The Holy Monastery of Varlaam is the second largest monastery of Meteora. First founded in the 14th century by Varlaam, the monk climbed the rock cliff to establish the church. It got abandoned and ruined after his death until the early 16th century when two brothers re-established the monastery. These monks-Theophanes and Nectarios spent years building a new chapel dedicated to “All Saints” in 1541. This is the best monastery to see if you’re short on time. It includes a well-lit museum that has a nice presentation of icons, religious art, books, manuscripts, clothing, etc.

    Inside the monastery you can also see an old tower with the original lift system the monks used to move stuff and each other. There is a huge 16th-century oak barrel shown in one of the rooms that was used for water storage.

    There is a beautiful, one-of-a-kind wood window in the church that faces the courtyard with flowers and stunning views of Meteora.

    Hospital-Nursing home at the Varlaam Monastery in Meteora

    The nursing home of the Varlaam monastery in maintained as an independent ground floor building at the south-eastern edge of the rock at the south of the temple. The choice of the building’s location was not accidental. It was located outside the building complex, which was developed at the top of the rock, but on a lower plateau, in good orientation, free from other buildings around it, in peace and quiet, isolated, but also close to the monastery temple.
    During the Byzantine and post-Byzantine era, it was an important component of the building program of the monasteries for the exclusive care of the sick monks.
    The ground plan is square. In the middle there are four cylindrical columns (known as the tetrachion), where the aroula was placed. Aroula is a low square stone base, which served as a fireplace, where special food, hot beverages and even some remedies for the sick monks were prepared. There was a fire place to keep the room warm.
    On the north side of the building there are two ground-floor auxiliary rooms, structurally independent of each other. The first one is a small open antechamber which is adjacent to the western side of the chapel of Agioi Anargyroi (Saints Anargyroi). The second room is a small chapel east of the portico, dedicated to Agioi Anargyroi.

    St. Stephan’s Monastery

    The origins of the monastery date back to the 12th c. The founders of the monastery were St Antonios Kantakouzenos (early 15th c.) from the prominent Byzantine family of Kantakouzenos, and St Philotheos (middle of the 16th c.) from the village of Slatauna, the today’s Rizoma in Trikala. The Old Katholikon (main church) is dedicated to St Stephan and it is one of the first buildings of the Monastery. It was erected in the middle of the 14th c. and rebuilt in the middle of the 16th c. by St Philotheos.

    In the 15th c., Dragomir, Grand Vornic of Wallachia, presented the graceful skull of St Charalambos as a gift to the monastery. Thereafter St Charalambos became the second patron-Saint and a strong guardian not only of the monastery but of the whole Greece. He worked several miracles; many believers found comfort and miraculous cure of their illnesses in body and soul.

    In 1798, a magnificent new church was erected dedicated to St Charalambos, under the abbacy of Ambrosios. This became the new Katholikon, the monastery’s main church. It is built in the architectural style of Mount Athos. St Charalambos church has a crucifix design with four columns, two lateral niches and the choirs. An inner narthex precedes it with four columns in the center to support its roof. On the north side of the church’s outer wall, there is the addition of an arched porch-outer narthex.

    The church features a remarkable iconostasis (altar screen) of exquisite art of wood carvings with elaborate vignettes that depict birds, animals, and scenes from the Old and New Testament. The artist -Kostas and Demitris from Metsovo carved them in 1814. He also made the wood-carved icon-stands in the inner narthex in 1836. The iconography of the Katholikon of St Charalambos started in 1992. This task was entrusted to the well-known and talented iconographer and mosaic maker Vlasios Tsotsonis. He worked in tradition and standard models of the Cretan School of Art.

    The Monastery made a very important contribution to the education of the nation. The church school operating in the Monastery has the Bishop and great national benefactor Dorotheos Scholarios (1812-1889) among its students. The Abbot Konstandios built the Konstandios School in Kalambaka in the 19th c.. The Monastery ran a primary school for orphans in the 1970s. During the period of the Turkish occupation, the monastery of St Stephan, like all monasteries of Meteora, was sensitive to the suffering of people and provided assistance to the population. The monastery participated in the resistance during the Greek-Turkish war in 1897 and the Macedonian Struggle (1904-1908). The Monastery’s Abbot was imprisoned during the German occupation for his involvement in the resistance. During the Second World War the entire monastery was severely damaged.

    In 1961, the monastery became a convent. By God’s grace, the first nuns who settled here organized monastic community and restored the buildings, despite many difficulties they faced. The historical buildings of the monastery have been renovated with participation of a talented, famous architect and conservator of monuments – Soterios Tzimas.

    The primary concern of our sisterhood is to practice the pure Orthodox monastic life. At the same time, we do not eschew social activity. We don’t neglect to offer spiritual support to our visitors, who come to draw on the miraculous grace of our Saints. Our Monastery still pursues its conscientious efforts to prove worthy of its history by continuing its ministry to the Nation, Education and Culture.

    In recent years, the monastery built a beautiful cemetery church dedicated to the Archangels and the holy Martyr Claudia with the chapels of Agia Skepi (Holy Protection of the Mother of God) and St Marina.

    Museum space: The sacristy of the monastery, housed in the old refectory (a 14th c. church), is of a particular interest to the visitors. Illuminated manuscripts, early printed books, silver and gold crosses used in blessings and processions, sacred vessels and icons are exhibited in this space.

    The Holy Monastery of Roussanou

    First established in the 14th century, the monastery got almost destroyed during the WWII. Established as a small nunnery today, it has lower elevation, but the ladder that takes you to it is a bit scary to step on if you’re afraid of the heights. Main levels of the church got built in the 16th century that have beautiful frescoes created by a monk-artist. The nuns sell beeswax candles, wine and religious objects in a small gift shop.

    Monasteries have small gift shops selling handmade icons, posters, wine, jewelry, etc

    The Holy Monastery of Saint Nicholas of Anapafsas

    Founded in the 14th century, the Agios Nikolaos Monastery currently experiences a renovation of its interior frescoes. You can see small spaces with 14th-century murals and new ones. The church space is interesting because when you walk it up it feels like catacombs one level built over the next vertically. You have to use the staircase for the access. There is no courtyard like in Varlaam and the church dome itself has no windows. Overall, this monastery feels like a dwelling with carved out spaces for cells, church and the heirlooms.

    Resting means anapafsis in Greek, so Agios Nikolaos of Anapafsas translates as Saint Nicholas the one who gives you rest.

    PS. We didn’t see the hidden monastery of Ypapanti in Meteora. The old abandoned monastery is located in the northern part of Meteora. Built in the 14th century, Ypapanti monastery is renovated today and accessible. I also suggest to check out the official site of Meteora for some hidden gems in and around town that include caves and museums!

    THE GREEK LANGUAGE

    The greatest offer of Hellenism to Christianity is the Greek language. The depth, infinity and power coming out of its vivid and clear terminology offered the background and became the most suitable vehicle for the formulation and expansion of Christian Theology. This is the language of the Gospels, the Divine Liturgy, the Hymnography and the Doctrines of the Church. It is the same language that was taught by from Aristotle to Alexander the Great. Finally, it is the language of multiple archeological findings that demonstrate glorious Greek origin of our Macedonia and our enslaved homelands. With this language spoken throughout centuries, Orthodoxy enriched and innovated the Greek terminology of its theology, cosmology, anthropology and gave it its own Christian content.

    Over a thousand year-old Byzantine Greek Empire regenerated and reformulated the Ancient Greek Civilization. It gave birth and made known the New Greek-Christian Civilization. It embraced and preserved an entire Ancient Greek spiritual heritage as the Christian teachings about the relation between God, man and the world. Greek Byzantium was the cradle of the great Orthodox Christian Emperors, the Ecumenical Fathers and Teachers of the church, the philosophers.

    THE GREEK PHILOSOPHERS

    • Sivylla, the Greek philosopher: “He will be sent from heaven the king of centuries, who is going to judge every single man and the whole world”.
    • Solon, the Greek savant and legislator, 16 century: “He will be the son of God the Father, without any physical father, the most blessed and the light of the triune divinity. Although He is God, He will come not as God but as human, He who is the light with human flesh The God-man will suffer among the mortals the death on the cross, abuse and burial”.
    • Pythagoras, the Greek philosopher and mathematician, 5 century bc: “God is spirit, and the Wont who will take flesh from the father”.
    • Socrates, the Greek philosopher, 3 century bc: “And His name will be known and honored all over the world”.
    • Apollonius, the Greek philosopher, 1st century ad: “I am talking about an almighty God in three persons, who created heaven and earth. God always existed, exists and will exist without any beginning or end”.
    • Homer, the Greek poet, 8 century bc: “After some time, a humble King of the earth will come to you and will be revealed as an infallible man”.
    • Thucydides, the Greek Historian, 5″-4″ bc: “Not another God, or an angel, or a demon, or a wisdom nor any other substance. but the only dominant creator of everything is the most perfect Word of all, without exception.”
    • Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, “Sometime in the future, somebody will arrive in this multi-divided earth. An omnipotent and infallible man will be born, God’s birth in a natural way. So, the Divine Word will take flesh”.
    • Platon, the Greek philosopher , “From the womb of a pure and virgin bride, the unique offspring of God will be born…. (The father twill exist inside his offspring and the offspring inside the father. The one is divided into three and the terve are divided into one)…. (This bride) will bring into the world, both without flesh and with flesh and with the possibility to be born, the creator of heaven and earth”.
    • Plutarch, the Greek Father of History, 1″ century A.D.: “I foretell only one God, the most high king, in three persons, whose Word is imperishable, and will be gestated inside a virgin. He, like a burning bow, will arise all of a sudden and will catch in in his nete the whole world and will offer it as a present to his Father.”

    PROPHETS

    • The Prophet Habakkuk, 6 century bc: “But the time is coming quickly and what I show you will come true. It may seem slow in coming but wait for it it will certainly take place and it will not be delayed” (Hah. b, 3).
    • The King and Prophet David, 10 century b.c.: “The Lord said to my lord, the King “Sit here at my right until I put your enemies under you feet”.
    • The Prophet Elijah, 9 century bc: “Omnipotent God be blessed. I swear to Him and my life that I will never abandon you” (Kings B. 2,1).
    • The Prophet Jonah: “In my distress, O Lord, I called to you and you answered me. From deep in the world of the dead. I cried for help and you heard me” (Jonah b. 3).
    • The Prophet Zechariah, 6 century bc: “The Lord said -Sing for joy, people of Jerusalem! I am coming to serve among you! At that time many nations will come to the Lord and become his people. He will live among you and you will know that he has sent me to you” (Zech, b, 15).
    • The Prophet Jacob, 18 century: “Judah will hold the royal scepter and his descendants will always rule. Nations will bring him tribute and how in obedience before him” (Gen. 49,an).
    • The Prophet Solomon, 10 century: “You, our God, are full of benevolence and real and govern everything with compassion. Because, even if we make a sin, we don’t stop being yours, by re enguizing your majesty and dominance” (Sul. Wisdom ie, 1-2)
    • The Prophet Isaiah: “Well then, the Lord himself will give you a sign a young woman who is pregnant will have a son and will name him Immanuel, meaning God with us” (Is. 714). “The royal line of David is like a tree that has been cut down. But just as new branches sprout from a stump, so a new king will arise from among David’s descendants (ls. a, 11. “A Child is born to as. A son is given to us! And he will be our ruler. He will be called Wonderful Counsellor-Mighty God Eternal Father «Prince of Peace” (Is. 9,6-7). The Judge Gideon (12th century bC.): Today I will put clips in the threshing floor. I called you clip Pure Virgin. Your Son showed me the miracle” (Judges 6, 37, 40).
    • The Prophet Jeremiah, 6 century bc: “He is our God. Nobody can be compared to Him. He invented and showed all streets of science. After that, He was presented to earth and mingled with people” (Jeremiah c. 15, Varuch 36,38).
    • The Prophet Moses,14-13″ century bc: “The Lord and God will give birth to kingship that will never be destroyed” (Daniel b. 44)
    • The Prophet Ezekiel, 6 century bc: “Green pastures of the land of Israel, I myself will be the shepherd of my sheep, and I will find them a place to rest. I, the Sovereign Lord, have spoken” (Ezek. 34, 45).

    Some practical information to plan your visit:

    It’s surprising to see public restrooms available on the grounds of the monasteries but they’re quite weird. Both men and women share the sinks like anywhere in Greece.
    • Meteora is easily accessible by a well-made road. You won’t have to climb the mountains for hours to get to the monasteries. Although some of them do require considerable walk up the stairs or a heel… Big basses, cars and motorcycles somehow fit on parking lots and winding roads. As we rented a car and drove across Greece, we experienced great, new highways that cost quite a lot to make a trip from Athens to Meteora. Every section of the road had a toll to pay that I think was close to 30 euros in total one way…You also must consider the cost of gas on top of a car rental as well.
    • Monasteries have different work hours! They are normally open till 3 pm, but it varies. Some close for a day like Tuesday. Check with Google map not to miss their work hours when you visit.
    • Monasteries are of different size but none of them is huge. Some are very small and will take you 20 minutes to visit.
    • Dress appropriately. Cover your shoulders. Men must wear pants and women must wear skirts. Most visitors don’t, so I find that the clergy is very accommodating to tourists there by giving skirts to wear while on their grounds.
    • Video and photography are prohibited inside the very center of the church. However, everything else is open for photography. I found monks to be very tolerant to buses of foreign tourists photographing everything around them…
    • The cost of visiting one monastery is just 3 euros per person.
    • Surprisingly, they have public restrooms on their grounds.
    • Every monastery has a gift shop with jewelry, icons and other religious attributes you could buy.
    • Kalabaka is a very small town at the bottom of Meteora where you can stay overnight in a hotel or eat at the restaurant.
    • We spent two days in Meteora visiting all churches at leisure enjoying the views and culture of Greece.
    • Even if you’re afraid of heights, you can still visit Meteora by avoiding groups of people climbing the mountains and just focusing on the monasteries themselves that are fairly safe to get to.

    THE KING OF GLORY

    After the disobedience of the Divine Order it created the human beings. The communication between a man and God was interrupted. People began to communicate with their Creator again with the help of the Prophets, Saints, Messengers and Interpreters of the God’s Orders, who predicted “what would happen in the future” and performed miracles in order to confirm their vocation and mission from God.

    Faithful Prophets accepted the Divine Revelation of the incarnation of the world’s Savior and transmitted to the people the hope of His coming. For that reason, they are considered to be our spiritual forefathers and first guides towards divine knowledge and our salvation through Jesus Christ.

    However, God, together with the Revelation of His Truth to the Righteous and the Prophets, did not let Himself be hidden from the other nations of the world. He enlightened people to talk about the essence of the soul, ideas, the nature of beings, the meaning of the World.

    Greek philosophy, poetry and science engraved the future events deeply into history according to the Divine Plan of the world’s salvation. St Justin, the philosopher and martyr declares “whoever lived with prudence and logos (before Christ’s birth) is a Christian, even if he was considered to be an atheist, for instance, among Greeks, Socrates, Heraklitos and others like them”.

    All those Greek wise men with their education and spiritual wealth, with their deep longing and love for values, ideals and the purpose of life and death, became loyal and persistent seekers of the truth. They reached very near the True God and, with their teachings, they formed the conditions for His acceptance by the people. For that reason, when St. Apostle Paul, in the Athens Supreme Court of Appeal, was talking to the Athenians about the unknown God (Jesus Christ), who was honored in a special altar, he underlined that “and some of your poets have talked about this” (Acts IZ, 23). Therefore, the meeting of the ancient Greek thinking with Orthodoxy and their union constitutes a milestone with ecumenical dimensions and enormous beneficial effects upon all humankind.

    To learn more: visit Meteora: https://visitmeteora.travel/

    References: Meteora writings in the monasteries, Meteora website (link above), art history lessons and Gemini.

    Leadership & new order

    A new leader & his order often destroyed cultural and scientific heritage of any given society. During the repressions of the 1930s in Russia, new government executed top scientists, artists, and writers. In China, Mao’s cultural revolution wiped out the intellect of the country. Many centuries back, the book of songs (that’s attributed to Confucius today) was burned along with other ancient texts and people who opposed new order. What remained was memory and some memorized poems and texts. The medieval ages & religious wars in Europe saw an unprecedented destruction of science & culture reverting the humanity back by hundreds of years, leaving it in a thorough stagnation. It’s common to see state confiscation, scientific and cultural reversal and overall decline instead of the birth of a thriving, new society after such events.

    While new replaces the old where creation is impossible without destruction in a natural cycle of life, it seems that psychopathic leaders alter this cycle where they can. They rule with endless propaganda and control. Controlling people’s thoughts, ideas, beliefs, religion, culture seems paramount to leader’s success. Only psychopathic rulers can govern and hold on to this position for a long time. Otherwise, the ruler is assassinated, executed or imprisoned.


    We try to pick a president based on our morals, beliefs and ethics, searching for a leader with a “heart.” Unfortunately, we won’t find one because he or she doesn’t exist. Each person takes a specific job in society based on his personality and inner life. Top politicians have qualities other people don’t possess and vice versa. Those people are low on empathy and emotion. Therefore, the decisions they make are easy for them to make.
    Obama can’t control TikTok. Hillary couldn’t tank Trump with her lies about Russian collusion. Trump suddenly worries about the morality of abortion overturning the law. Putin uses religion and TV propaganda to justify his choices and outcomes. Democrats have captured the media with their agenda. The Republicans want to die in the Senate when they reach 100 years of age. As a democratic society we end up with top politicians who serve the privileged few who really rule and kill behind the curtain. And we- the people, become entangled in this web of rules, regulations, lies, prosecution, control, disbelief and hurt. Strong voices get jailed. Others accept bribes. We pay taxes to bomb the world. We hope for a better outcome only to lose it after another election cycle.

    Just like the problem, the solution is never simple or clear. Every new idea or the structure of a society like communism, democracy, autocracy, and even utopian communes has beautiful thoughts that get corrupted by the human element. So it seems that a renewed system must consider human weaknesses and inability to change to function in a different and sustainable way. Is it possible at all? We can only know this after some social experimentation. But who wants to do just that?
    Because progress is exponential, we are able to evolve and advance more rapidly with each decade. Perhaps, new ideas will sparkle and ignite a strong wave in evolution of humanity that’s more encompassing of the past, human element & the seed of life.

    4 reasons not to paint on cheap canvases from Michael’s, Hobby Lobby, Lowes & alike. Canvas review

    Do you shop at these places for canvases? Michael’s, Hobby Lobby, Walmart, Lowes or online art supply retailers? When everything doubled or tripped in price in the art supplies section, these affordable canvases seem to be a steal. But are they really worth it? Stop 🛑 painting on these canvases now!

    canvas and art supplies review

    Video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/oxygIkpOwLA

    4 reasons to stop painting on cheap canvases from Michael’s, Hobby Lobby, Lowes & alike.

    Here are 4 reasons to stop buying cheap canvases at craft stores:

    1. Cheap wood doesn’t hold the frame in a long run unless you frame the art soon after its completion. The frames are often crooked and the stretcher bars are not stapled together. It could be all right for a small canvas but not for a big one because large canvases need more support to hold everything up together.
    2. You can’t be confident selling your art that’s produced using crappy art supplies. These canvases will begin to degrade within your lifetime (and this is a very conservative estimate).
    3. This material is not a high-quality canvas. I can’t even tell you what it really is. It can rip and ripple easily. Constant flactuations in room temperature cause cracks in art. This material is asking for trouble.
    4. This gesso (the white ground that covers panels and canvases) is not a high-quality gesso either. And that’s the biggest problem with the craft canvases in my opinion, because oil paint doesn’t form a permanent bond with this surface. It doesn’t stick even if it looks ok on the first sight. It’s very easy to damage the surface. Any shuffling of a painted art rubbed against something will damage the art. I’m not sure that acrylic paint forms a bond with this surface either. Beware.

    Combine this horrible surface with low-quality, cheap paints and you got yourself a painting that will crack, fade and change it’s shape pretty soon. Do you really want that?


    Affordable alternatives: paint on these high-quality panels instead

    Here are some very good alternatives to paint on.

    high quality panels for oil painting

    Paint on panels:


    My personal preference is a medium-textured panel like Ampersand gessobord or aluminum panels by Artefex. Artefex Alcotpanel is aluminum panel with a primed cotton canvas mounted on ACM and ready to paint on. Da vinci pro wood boards are also very good.

    The gesso quality is very important. Golden products are very good. I’m not an affiliate of any of these companies. I just like the quality and price of their art supplies. Panels don’t fluctuate with a change in room temperature or humidity unlike canvas. Old art looks ok painted on wood panels… Raphael Premium Archival OIL PRIMED linen panels are designed for oil painting only because their gesso is oil-based, not acrylic-based like the majority of gesso brands sold today. https://amzn.to/3VRUSBt

    colored pencil manual veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Paint on canvas:

    If you prefer the lightweight of a canvas, try working on a Belgian linen or more affordable canvas like Unprimed Cotton Duck #10 – Uniform Canvas Surface. It should be heavy and uniform. It’s best to buy a canvas in a roll rather than in a blanket format. The blanket could have creeses that are difficult to get rid of.
    It can be a challenge to buy a good canvas shopping online because you can’t see or touch it. Some canvases have a very thin thread and you can almost look through them. Look into the numbers to understand which one is good. For example, unprimed cotton duck #10 is a thick material…

    I hope this post and video helps you decide on your art materials choices or at least save you some real frustration and disappointment when you see your art scratch, crack or fade.

    canvas review

    Some art supplies available on Amazon:

    Da vinci pro panels —https://amzn.to/3RTIduu

    panels without gesso – https://amzn.to/3SfBJHx

    Raphael Premium Archival OIL PRIMED linen panels (for oil painting only!) https://amzn.to/3VRUSBt

    Ampersand gessobords-https://amzn.to/47ygmWg

    Golden gesso: https://amzn.to/3TTwn4p

    Gamblin oil paint and linseed oil – https://amzn.to/3vGNi1u ; https://amzn.to/47wvXph

    Natural Pigments- https://www.naturalpigments.com/paints.html

    Spray varnish – https://amzn.to/48OXyDn

    Tombow mono eraser – https://amzn.to/3FXS9gI

    Daler Rowney System3 Rich Gold Imitation 59ml Acrylic Paint Tube – https://amzn.to/48GA5nQ Alternative metallic acrylic gold paint – https://amzn.to/3vxx6je

    If you’d like to support my work, check out the Amazon links or make a purchase from my shop. Every bit helps and you’re a part of my push forward!

    What is the color white in life & art history?

    Canova-Napoleons sister-closeup of feet-Borghese gallery -blog

    What is the color white? Is it the titanium white in oil painting? Or is it the color of your skin, feather, cream, silk, snow, kitty, pearls, chess, lace, car, flowers, crystals, swans, wall paint, clouds and the moon? Or is it the white of a happy smile, hope, or the light of your soul? Is it the blinding sunlight, the whiteness of an angel’s wings or purity and innocence of a child?
    It seems that white represents no color. Yet, it means so much to us. The bride’s wedding gown. The white glow of the sublime. The ethereal beauty of a white Greco-Roman marble sculpture. White light. White face. White lilies. White room. White staircase. White dove. White snow. It’s either a clean start or cold emptiness. We see unity in the symbolism of white across many cultures but not all. White can mean either a wedding or a funeral.

    Turin

    Video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/mMMiPF6OpQY

    Technically, white isn’t a specific “color” like red or blue. When all the wavelengths of visible light are present and reflected by an object, we perceive it as white. In simpler terms, white is “all colors of the rainbow combined.”

    Ai-generated female face in neutral white hue.

    What is the color white technically?

    The color spectrum & white

    Rainbow. What is the color white? | photo: Veronica Winters
    color spectrum
    Color spectrum | Images https://www.freepik.com/ and https://pixabay.com/


    All the colors we see exist on the visible light spectrum, a range of wavelengths our eyes can perceive. Each color corresponds to a specific wavelength of light. White is an achromatic color, which means it lacks a “hue.” White light is “all colors combined.” ( We perceive black when an object absorbs all wavelengths of light instead of reflecting them. An opposite to white, black is the absence of reflected light).

    What is the color white? | photo: Veronica Winters

    What is the color white in oil & acrylic painting?

    Closeup of a white gown and metal from the Accolade, Edmund Blair Leighton (1852–1922), oil on canvas, 1901, height: 182.3 cm (71.7 in); width: 108 cm (42.5 in), private collection

    While prehistoric art got created with a white chalk made of the mineral calcite, white oil paint has a different composition and history. In oil painting, the ideal opaque white is neither warm nor cool. For generations artists painted with lead white until the 19th century when everything changed. Companies began to mass-produce art supplies including watercolor and oil paint. No more hand-grinding of pigments!

    White comes from substances like titanium dioxide, lead carbonate, calcite or zinc oxide. Zinc white has zinc pigments. Flake white is a softer, warmer white that used to have lead in it. Flake white is found in early Chinese painting. Kremnitz white, Venetian white, French white and Dutch white were also based on lead carbonate and lead hydroxide. Flemish white is based on lead sulfate. Cool color, the Titanium white is the strongest and most opaque white used by most contemporary artists today. A vast majority of the manufactured white pigments don’t have toxic lead in them. However, such paint is a lot more brittle and susceptible to the environmental changes, especially if it’s mixed with the safflower oil and not the linseed oil.

    Symphony in White, No. 2: The Little White Girl 1864, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, 1834-1903, oil on canvas, Bequeathed by Arthur Studd 1919, © Photo: Tate http://www.tate.org.uk/art/work/N03418 CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 (Unported).
    In this painting the artist painted his mistress wearing an airy white dress – Jo Hiffernan with whom he lived for a decade. “The Little White Girl” is one of three Whistler paintings known as “Symphonies in White.” Out of three paintings, I think this one is the most successful because the woman looks real and the white gown is also beautifully painted.
    Joyce H. Townsend, Senior Conservation Scientist, Tate, London, and honorary professor in the School of Culture and Creative Arts, University of Glasgow wrote about her experience of seeing te shades of white when old, lemon-yellow varnish got removed in 2021. This varnish removal revealed a range of beautiful, soft whites Whistler painted in the dress that included crimson red lake, red ochre, yellow ochre, blue ultramarine, and bone black, painted over a thinner layer of dark gray for the grate according to the conservation scientist. As you can see this range of whites got painted to capture the surrounding colors of the model cast from the pink flowers, blue vase and fireplace.
    Detail of “The Little White Girl” showing how Whistler painted Hiffernan’s skin over the dress’s white fabric. © Tate, London | image taken from https://www.nga.gov/blog/how-whistler-painted-white-in-full-color.html
    James McNeill Whistler -symphony in white, no1 the_white girl-Smithsonian-blog what is color white
    James McNeill Whistler, Symphony in white, no.1, 1861-1863, 1872, the White Girl at the Smithsonian. 213 x 107.9 cm (83 7/8 x 42 1/2 in.), oil on canvas.
    All three paintings were influenced by the Japanese art as the country opened itself in the 19th century. Just like the Impressionists, Whistler took the unusual elements of the Japanese woodblock printing to stylize his art. Artists borrowed cropping, the point of view, flatness of space and emphasis on patterns of color.
    James McNeill Whistler -symphony in white, no1 the_white girl-Smithsonian-closeup-blog what is color white
    James McNeill Whistler, Symphony in white, no.1, 1861-1863, 1872, the White Girl at the Smithsonian. 213 x 107.9 cm (83 7/8 x 42 1/2 in.), oil on canvas.

    A modern invention, acrylic white is a chemical-based paint that’s made of pigment suspended in an acrylic polymer emulsion. It’s also made of plasticizers, silicone oils, defoamers, stabilizers, or metal soaps. Unlike oils, it’s water-based and dries super quickly. Used in house painting, acrylic paint dries to be water-resistant. Some artists love painting with acrylics while others don’t. Unique properties of each paint fit different creative personalities.

    statue torso of river-the palatine museum-rome-blog
    “Torso of river” statue fragment at the Palatine museum in Rome | Photo: Veronica Winters
    Canova-Napoleons sister-closeup of feet-Borghese gallery -blog
    Canova, Napoleon’s sister, closeup of fabric in marble, Borghese gallery, Rome, Italy

    What are the shades of white?

    Duomo di Bergamo cathedral rose window wall
    Duomo di Bergamo cathedral rose window wall. Near Milan, Italy. | look at all these shades of white! I absolutely love the use of color marble here. Also there are several different patterns and textures that describe the ornamentation of this cathedral. Beautiful!

    While most people don’t think of white having shades, artists and creatives perceive a wide range of subtle variations of white while creating their art. Normally, we don’t see the difference between the shades of white unless we chose a wall paint in a hardware store or look at the neatly stacked rows of clothes in a shop.

    Shades of white seen in the Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain

    White should be neutral but it’s often either warm or cool. Warm whites have a hint of yellow to create a sense of warmth and coziness. Ivory, eggshell, cream, antique white, vanilla, and beige are the shades of warm white.

    Bernini, Apollo and Daphne-details 1625
    Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, closeup of fabric and hand, 1625, Rome, Italy. This white marble has a warm tone because of warm light.
    The dodge’s palace in Venice, Italy. Here the white marble has a warm cast on the left side and a bluish color on the right.
    Neutral color of the white snow in Russia.

    Cool whites have a bluish-grey undertone giving a sense of timeless airy feel. Alabaster, pearl, white smoke and snow come to mind describing cool whites. But not all snow scenes are created equal. Some snow scenes have warm, yellowish color and bluish shadows seen under the sun.

    Shades of white could also lean towards a specific color like pink, peach or green. Seashell white is a soft, pinkish-white reminiscent of the delicate hues of seashells.

    The crystal white tiara could literally be any color of the light projected onto it. Here it ranges from a purplish white to warm white.

    One of my favorite artists is John Singer Sargent. I love his use of bold brushstrokes, color and richness of paint he achieved in his large-scale canvases.

    John Singer_Sargent_Lady_Agnew Scottish National Gallery
    John Singer Sargent, Lady Agnew of Lochnaw (1864-1932), 1892, 127.00 x 101.00 cm, oil on canvas, National Galleries of Scotland.https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/5396/0?overlay=download
    I’ve seen this painting hanging at the entrance to the art museum in Edinburgh, Scotland. The artist painted ultra wealthy individuals and often participated in the arrangement and choice of gowns on his models. According to the museum’s notes, living a lavish lifestyle, Gertrude had to sell several paintings including this one to the National Gallery of Scotland in 1925!

    Regardless, I love how fluid and beautiful the white fabric is here. Look at all these shades of white!
    John Singer Sargent, Lady Agnew of Lochnaw (1864-1932), a closeup of the painting revealing beautiful shades of white shifting from warm to neutral to cool white.
    Sir Frederic Leighton, Portrait of a Roman Lady (La Nanna), Oil on canvas
    Dimensions: 31 1/2 x 20 1/2 inches (80 x 52.1 cm), 1859, Philadelphia Museum of Art
    While her face appears artificial lacking life and character I love how the artist painted all these different white garments! They range from neutral white in her robe to a warm white of silk cover to a pinkish white skirt. Also, a single string of white pearls matches the warmth of the silk. The background has some white elements that are greyed down and subdued to bring the figure forward.

    Sir Frederic Leighton, Portrait of a Roman Lady (La Nanna), Oil on canvas Dimensions: 31 1/2 x 20 1/2 inches (80 x 52.1 cm), 1859, Philadelphia Museum of Art

    The Symbolism of White across Art History

    Paul Delaroche-the execution closeup of hands
    Paul Delaroche, The execution of Lady Jane Grey, 1833, National Gallery, London, a closeup of hands and white gown. Photo: Veronica Winters | Here the white fabric is warm while the “grey” shadows are neutral and warm somewhat as well.
    Canova, Napoleon's sister, closeup of fabric in marble, Borghese gallery, Rome, Italy
    Antonio Canova, Napoleon’s sister, Venus Victrix, 1805-08, closeup of fabric in marble, Borghese gallery, Rome, Italy | The light is warm hitting the marble casting bluish-grey shadows.

    The symbolism of the color white is quite astonishing if we think about it. There are universal associations with this color as well as the nuanced meanings of white depending on culture or context. One color. Two opposite associations.

    Positive associations with the color white

    In Christianity white represents purity, innocence, divinity.

    Think of the white angels, white robes of monks and heavenly figures, a white dove or the white lilies of the Virgin Mary.

    paintings of angels
    The Ghent Altarpiece. Adoration of the Mystic Lamb: The Archangel Gabriel, 1432. Here, Gabriel brings the white lilies to Mary in annunciation. These flowers mean purity and virginity. The archangel wears a white robe with beautiful pearls decorating the fabric.
    Dressed in a beautiful white gown, heavenly figure of Mary soars on a white cloud. This is one of the most beautiful religious sculptures I’ve seen in the European churches.
    angel painting thyer
    Abbott Handerson Thayer, Angel, 1887, oil on canvas, Smithsonian American Art
    caravaggio angel violin
    Michelangelo Caravaggio, a closeup of a painting “Rest on the Flight into Egypt”, 1597. We see an angel playing music wrapped in swirling white fabric.

    While the white clothing is ceremonial of passing into another world or Heaven, the ethereal glow of white light represents heaven and the divine, spiritual purity, enlightenment and truth.

    Scottish national gallery
    John Duncan, 1866-1945, Scottish, St.Bride, 1913 detail | Scottish National Gallery | White clothing is ceremonial of passing into another world or Heaven. It’s the color of the ascension into the Heavens.
    This is the official emblem of the pope with a dove or the Holy Spirit depicted in the center of it. I think I saw it in the Vatican, Italy. I love how Italian artists used colored marbles and stone to decorate the churches, placing the material on the floor and walls.
    A closeup of the Pope’s emblem showing the Holy Spirit

    White dove or the Holy Spirit is a symbol of peace, forgiveness, hope and love. In art, it forms the Trinity and flies in rays of sunlight with an olive branch in its beak.

    Mexico City, Mexico
    Portrait of Pope, Leo X and his cousins, cardinals Giulio de’ Medici & Luigi de’ Rossi. Closeup detail of the white garment of the pope. Raphael, c. 1518-1520, oil on wood, 154 cm × 119 cm (61 in × 47 in), Uffizi, Florence.

    White can symbolize hope, innocence and royalty in ceremonies.

    A white wedding gown means innocence and pure perfection especially of a young bride. White is the color of light and white pearls communicate similar symbolism.

    Vladimir Makovsky, to the marriage (farewell), 1894; Russian Federation, oil on canvas, Samara Regional Museum of Fine Arts, Samara, Russia, Dimensions: 115 x 99 cm. | Here, although the bride wears a white gown and is about to get married, she is devastated by the normally joyful event. The artist commented on common practice of parents giving their daughter to marry at a young age to fix the family’s financial situation.
    Fedotov, Matchmaking of a major, 1848 | This famous Russian painting carries similar symbolism where a young bride doesn’t want to marry an old man for money.

    James McNeill Whistler (1834–1903), Symphony in Flesh Colour and Pink: Portrait of Mrs Frances Leyland, Image source: Frick Collection, NY., Henry Clay Frick Bequest, 1916.1.133

    Accolade, Edmund Blair Leighton (1852–1922), oil on canvas, 1901, height: 182.3 cm (71.7 in); width: 108 cm (42.5 in), private collection
    Closeup of a white gown and jewelry pieces from the Accolade, Edmund Blair Leighton (1852–1922), oil on canvas, 1901, height: 182.3 cm (71.7 in); width: 108 cm (42.5 in), private collection | White is the color of light, divinity, nobility and purity of the heart. White pearls also symbolize purity, wisdom and sincerity. And let’s just say that these beautiful pearls make a great visual statement in paintings like this one!

    White can represent royalty.

    Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Napoleon on his Imperial Throne, 259 cm × 162 cm (102 in × 64 in), oil on canvas, 1806, Musée de l’Armée, Paris. | You’d be surprised but this artwork wasn’t popular at the Paris Salon when he exhibited this monumental painting. It received vitriolic criticism mainly because Napoleon looked too artificial and Gothic. However, if you know other paintings by Ingres, this is the most elaborate one! Just like another French artist – Poussin, Ingres often received poor reception for his art at the Salon. Moreover, in the middle of his career he got so fed up with the criticism and poor receptions of his work that he began to exhibit his art in his studio and private apartments. A student of famous neoclassical painter David, Ingres took a different road in his vision of art that the contemporaries and critics didn’t get.
    In this painting you can certainly admire a perfect balance of color, lines, objects, textures and symbols captured in one painting. The artist’s composition is a reversed triangle. Both composition and realistic textures are reminiscent of Jan van Eyck’s painting.

    French artist, Ingres puts a lot of symbolism into this painting depicting Napoleon as a ruler blessed by God. Napoleon looks like a religious icon. The artist bestows a Roman-like golden laurel crown onto his head and paints a circular-shaped throne behind him to suggest the divine power of the ruler. White ermine fur incircles the Napoleon’s neck – the symbol of royalty. The emblem of bees seen throughout the Vatican can be noticed on this lush, red cloak. The golden bees represent immortality and resurrection, while the Eagle represents military might. You can read about life and work of the artist in a concise book titled “Ingres” Karin H. Grimme.

    The sword represents military power of French kings.
    The painting detail shows the Charlemagne’s golden scepter – the symbol of the executive power.

    Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Napoleon on his Imperial Throne, 1806, detail of the hand of justice
    Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Napoleon on his Imperial Throne, 1806, detail of the Hand of Justice ( in white).
    Anthony van Dyck Henrietta Maria of France. meaning of white in art
    Anthony van Dyck, Henrietta Maria of France.
    Marie-Antoinette, oil on canvas, 92.7 × 73.1 cm (36 1/2 × 28 3/4 in.), after 1783, unknown artist, at the Smithsonian national gallery
    Jacques-Louis_David_madame recamier
    Jacques-Louis David, madame Recamier, 1800, the Louvre
    Sargent, Mrs. Joshua Montgomery Sears, a closeup of white gown at The museum of fine arts, Houston, 1899, Canvas or panel: 58 1/8 × 38 1/8 in. 
    Sargent, Mrs. Joshua Montgomery Sears, The museum of fine arts, Houston, 1899, Canvas or panel: 58 1/8 × 38 1/8 in. 
    John White Alexander -American -repose-1895
    John White Alexander, Repose, oil painting, 1895, American, the Met, New York | Similar to Sargent and Chase, Alexander loved to capture wealthy women in gowns at rest. This beautiful white dress stretches from left to right forming a diagonal, which is one of the ways to create a dynamic composition.


    White is Heaven.

    The Cathedral of Salerno inside
    The Cathedral of Salerno inside. Italy.
    The Cathedral of Salerno inside, Italy. The Cathedral of Salerno was built between 1080 and 1085 on the ruins of a Roman temple.

    Ivan the Great Bell Tower at the Kremlin, image by Veronica Winters. | We can enjoy seeing the white stone cathedrals bathing in a warm sunlight. The Kremlin was built between the 14th and 17th centuries. The first white-stone walls and towers were built in 1367-68. The existing walls and towers were built by Italian masters from 1485 to 1495.

    Wat Rong Khun - the White Temple
    Wat Rong Khun – the White Temple in Thailand. Photos c Veronica Winters | This looks like heaven on earth. Famous contemporary Thai artist- Ajarn Chalermchai wanted to build a temple that’s different from other wats. Normally, Thai temples are golden and the artist wanted to emphasize the Buddha’s purity who achieved Nirvana. Ajarn considered gold having a negative connotation about human behavior like lust. He put myriads of small mirrors into the white sculptures that beautifully reflect the light of the temple. These mirrors are the symbol of Buddha’s wisdom that shines throughout the universe according to the artist. He amassed a team of artists to build this beautiful site that represents heaven on earth. Wat Rong Khun is expending as new elements are added to the wat. The admission is free for people to enjoy the garden feeling peace and joy. Isn’t it wonderful?

    The Alhambra was built between 1238 and 1358, mainly during the reigns of Ibn al-Aḥmar and his successors. Located in Granada, Spain, the Alhambra is one of the world’s finest examples of Islamic architecture that served as inspiration for many artists including Escher. This elaborate geometric design shows heavenly colors of white and blue. Image by Veronica Winters

    White in mythology:

    White crane, a closeup of a Japanese temple decoration. Photo: V.Winters | In Japanese culture, the white crane, or tsuru, is a national treasure and symbol of good fortune, longevity, and peace. It is also associated with loyalty, wisdom, fidelity, and beauty. The crane is depicted in art, literature, and mythology, and is said to live for 1,000 years. It is also associated with the Shinto god of happiness, and it is said that the god will come to a person who folds 1,000 cranes. Recently, the crane has become a symbol of peace, hope, and healing.
    cranes fabric-Japan
    Look at these beautiful patterns of gold, blue and white! We can see the white dragon in the center of the decoration. Two white cranes create symmetry in this elaborate decoration seen in Japan.

    In Japanese culture, dragons are guardians of the Buddhist temples and their meaning varies depending on their color. The white dragon, or Hakuryuu, is a water god that controls rainfall and water. White dragons are also associated with great wealth and blessings in marriage.

    The white dragon decoration, Japan.

    White as a force in duality of nature:

    Yin and Yang is a core concept in the Chinese philosophy that describes two opposing yet interconnected and complementary forces that are believed to underlie all of reality. They represent intertwined aspects of a whole in a dynamic balance within the universe. Famous symbol of yin and yang is the taijitu, a circle divided into two halves, each containing a swirl of the opposite color. The swirl within each half represents the seed of the other force, signifying their interdependence. In art it often means balance where white can’t exist without black just like the sun doesn’t exist without the moon.

    Among Neolithic jades of ancient China are bracelets (huan), penannular rings (chüeh), half-rings (huang), a flat disc with a hole in the centre (pi) and a ring or short tube squared on the outside (tsung). In later historic times these shapes acquired a ritual or ceremonial function, the pi and tsung, for example, symbolizing respectively heaven and earth.

    (From the book: the arts of China, 3d edition, Michael Sullivan)

    White often represents all the light in the world opposing the black of the darkness.

    Vasnezov Sirin and Alkonost. The song of happiness and sadness
    Viktor Vasnezov, Sirin and Alkonost. The song of happiness and sadness, 1896, The Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

    In this oil painting, “Sirin and Alkonost,” also referred to as “The Birds of Joy and Sorrow,” depicts two beautiful, half-bird, half-woman creatures from Slavic mythology. Sirin, on the right, is typically associated with joy and enchantment, while Alkonost, on the left, brings sorrow and mourning. Their contrasting melodies intertwine, creating a complex and evocative harmony that reflects the duality of human experience. The painting itself is a masterpiece of the Russian Romanticism expressed in symbolism that invites contemplation of life’s emotional range.

    A close up of hands and lace in oil painting, Metz, France. Photo: Veronica Winters
    Holbein-the ambassadors closeup
    Holbein, The ambassadors, oil painting’s closeup of fur. London

    The calming power of white:

    The calming effect of white is obvious in snowy landscapes, white clouds or cashmere sweater that bring us feelings of peace. Tranquil nature relaxes our mind. Soft, white fabric evokes serenity. And white swans and snowflakes seem magical floating in water.

    Snowy Gorge-
Utagawa Hiroshige -Japanese-
Edo period 1615–1868-Met
    Snowy Gorge, Utagawa Hiroshige, Japanese, Edo period (1615–1868), the Met

    White can carry a special meaning in objects we often see. For instance, symbolic of new life, white egg represents birth. Moreover, we can read the Chinese ancient legend about the origins of the world.

    “Once upon a time, the universe was an enormous egg. One day the egg split open; its upper half became the sky, its lower half the earth, and from it emerged P’an Ku, primordial man. Every day he grew ten feet taller, the sky ten feet higher, the earth ten feet thicker. After eighteen thousand years P’an Ku died. His head split and became the sun and moon, while his blood filled the rivers and seas. His hair became the forests and meadows, his perspiration the rain, his breath the wind, his voice the thunder-and his fleas – our ancestors.” This legend expresses a Chinese philosophy, that man is not the culminating achievement of the creation, but a relatively insignificant part in the scheme of things; an afterthought. By comparison with the beauty and splendor of the world itself, the mountains and valleys, the clouds and water- falls, the trees and flowers, which are the visible manifestations of the workings of the Tao, he counts for very little.

    (From the book: the arts of China, 3d edition, Michael Sullivan)
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/68969 Rank Badge with Leopard, Wave and Sun Motifs
    Period: Qing dynasty (1644–1911), late 18th century, China, silk, metallic thread, 10 3/4 x 11 1/4 in. (27.31 x 28.57 cm), Textiles-Embroidered, Credit Line: Bequest of William Christian Paul, 1929

    Caspar_David_Friedrich_-the polar sea
    Caspar David Friedrich, the polar sea or the sea of ice,1823–1824,oil on canvas, 96.7 cm × 126.9 cm (38 in × 49.9 in). This is one of my favorite Romanticism artists who painted the power of Nature to show its spiritual dominance over men.

    White hue can also be a symbol of cleanliness. Healthcare facilities have white rooms, corridors, and doctors’ coats.

    Contemporary architecture loves the color white. Both interior and exterior spaces have white paint and decorum seen across Florida’s new construction to amplify the light in the region.

    White can also represent neutrality or fairness, negotiation or surrender – the white flag of surrender.

    John Trumbull, The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, oil on canvas, 1826,21 × 30 5/8 × 3/4 in. image from the Yale University Art Gallery. It can be also seen in 12′ x 18′ size at the US Capitol Rotunda. This painting illustrates the surrender of the British army at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, which ended the last major campaign of the Revolutionary War. https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/buildings-grounds/capitol-building/rotunda
    Jacques-Louis_David death of marat
    Jacques-Louis David, the death of Marat, 1793–1793, in the collection of the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium.
    This neoclassical painting has a very careful, classical design both in color and lines. Marat was a revolutionary in France and a friend of the artist. David was also a radical thinker and revolutionary who was once an official court painter to Napoleon but ended up in prosecution and escape from France to Belgium closer to the end of his life.
    Marat’s skin condition made him take long baths to sooth the pain where he got assassinated. This painting represents the ideals of neoclassical art and politics- simplicity, heroism, idealization, classicism, neutrality and stoicism. Color white helps communicate these virtues.

    In modern art, white can symbolize a fresh start, an open canvas, or a space for interpretation. White is neutral, blank canvas. Artists like Robert Rauschenberg and Agnes Martin explored this potential in their monochromatic white paintings. Rauschenberg first painted his white canvases in 1951 in six variations- one to seven panels. Martin spent her 40-year career exploring the perception of stillness.

    Georgia O’Keeffe (1887–1986), the white skull, Chicago art institute. O’Keeffe often painted the bleached white bones and skulls of the animals in New Mexico. She associated the skulls with strength of an American spirit.

    White means innocence.

    William Sergeant Kendall, art interlude, 1907, oil on canvas, American Art Museum at the Smithsonian
    William Sergeant Kendall, art interlude, 1907, oil on canvas, American Art Museum at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.

    Rembrandt van Rijn, Lucretia, oil on canvas,(47 1/4 x 39 3/4 in.), 1664, closeup of fabric and pearls. National Gallery of Art, the Smithsonian, Washington DC. Rembrandt depicts the suicide of Lucretia happening in Rome in the 6th-century BC. She signifies virtue, loyalty and honor wearing white and pearls. You can read the full story here: https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.83.html
    Psyche Abandoned by Pietro Tenerani, Pitti palace, Rome, Italy. Image by Veronica Winters

    Paul Delaroche-the execution of lady jane grey-national gallery London
    Paul Delaroche, the execution of Lady Jane Grey, National Gallery London. The only person dressed in white – Jane Grey symbolizes innocence.
    Paul Delaroche, the execution of lady Jane Grey, National Gallery London, Photo by Veronica Winters
    Sir Joshua Reynolds The Ladies Waldegrave 1780_detail_scottish national gallery
    Sir Joshua Reynolds The Ladies Waldegrave 1780, closeup, Scottish national gallery. The dresses in Joshua Reynolds’ “The Ladies Waldegrave” are a striking feature of the painting. All three sisters are clad in garments of a singular color: white. The material is most likely muslin, a popular choice for fashionable gowns in the late 18th century. White evokes purity, innocence, and a sense of classical elegance and timeless quality Reynolds appreciated in ancient art.
    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, 1793, louvre-veronica winters art blog
    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, 1793, Louvre. Photo: Veronica Winters

    The Dance Class-Degas-met
    Edgar Degas, The Dance Class, oil painting, 1874, the Met, NY | Degas created a series of paintings devoted to the theme of dance. He captured white ballerinas in rehearsals sketching in pastels and painting in oil.
    Gerome, Pygmalion and Galatea
    Gerome, Pygmalion and Galatea,1890, oil on canvas, 35 x 27 in. (88.9 x 68.6 cm), the Met . “Between 1890 and 1892, Gérôme made both painted and sculpted variations on the theme of Pygmalion and Galatea, the tale recounted in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. All depict the moment when the sculpture of Galatea was brought to life by the goddess Venus, in fulfillment of Pygmalion’s wish for a wife as beautiful as the sculpture he created. This is one of three known versions in oil that are closely related to a polychrome marble sculpture, also fashioned by Gérôme (Hearst Castle, San Simeon, Calif.). In each of the paintings, the sculpture appears at a different angle, as though it were being viewed in the round.” the Met
    Francesco Hayez Suzanna at her Bath
    Francesco Hayez Suzanna at her Bath, National Art Gallery of Scotland. A classical painting in many ways, the white fabric forms a circle around the nude communicating innocence of youth.

    White as the representation of timelessness & memory

    The marble sculpture at the CA’ d’ ORO Palace in Venice, Italy.
    Michelangelo’s tomb, detail, Italy
    I love how lifelike this sculpture looks. It shows a pope blessing the crowd and wearing his crown. The light hit it so beautifully. It’s in St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican, Rome, Italy.

    Negative white

    Depending on our view of the world, specific events or cultural differences we can see the color white as cold, empty and artificially sterile. This kind of emotionless, stark white can trigger feelings of isolation, and emptiness. Moreover, white can be associated with mourning and death in some countries.

    White ghosts scare us representing the supernatural and death.

    William Blake, The Ghost of Samuel Appearing to Saul, c. 1800, pen &ink, watercolor, National Gallery of Art, the Smithsonian, Washington DC

    White can also represent death. White shroud symbolizes death, mourning, and loss.

    Vernet, Horace. angel of death, 1789-1863_hermitage
    Vernet, Horace. angel of death, 1789-1863, the Hermitage

    Hieronymus Bosch, Death and the Miser, c. 1485/1490, oil on panel (other panels lost), 93 × 31 cm (36 5/8 × 12 3/16 in.), National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
    Hieronymus Bosch Death and the Miser, c. 1485/1490, oil on panel (other panels lost), 93 × 31 cm (36 5/8 × 12 3/16 in.), National Gallery of Art, Washington DC.
    “In this panel Bosch shows us the last moments in the life of a miser, just before his eternal fate is decided. A little monster peeping out from under the bed–curtains tempts the miser with a bag of gold, while an angel kneeling at the right encourages him to acknowledge the crucifix in the window. Death, holding an arrow, enters at the left.
    Oppositions of good and evil occur throughout the painting. A lantern containing the fire of Hell, carried by the demon atop the bed canopy, balances the cross which emits a single ray of divine light. The figure in the middle ground, perhaps representing the miser earlier in his life, is shown as hypocritical; with one hand he puts coins into the strongbox where they are collected by a rat–faced demon, and with the other he fingers a rosary, attempting to serve God and Mammon at the same time. A demon emerging from underneath the chest holds up a paper sealed with red wax — perhaps a letter of indulgence or a document that refers to the miser’s mercenary activities.
    This type of deathbed scene derives from an early printed book, the Ars Moriendi or “Art of Dying,” which enjoyed great popularity in the second half of the fifteenth century. The panel may have been the left wing of an altarpiece; the other panels — now missing — would have clarified the meaning of some aspects of the scene, such as the discarded and broken armor and weapons in the foreground.” Taken from the gallery’s page https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.41645.html

    Empty white rooms can feel lonely and even scary.

    Blindfolded figures often represent ignorance, inability to see and vulnerability but the blindfolded Lady Justice has a different meaning. The blindfold represents that justice is unbiased and should not be influenced by a person’s appearance or other factors.

    Justice, from the Cardinal Virtues, Nicolaes de Bruyn Netherlandish, Publisher Frederick de Wit Dutch
    1648–56, the Met, New York. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/423841

    Whitewashing is a term denoting the covering up of unpleasant truth, describing censorship.

    art museum, Metz, France

    As you can see the color white carries several meanings and rich symbolism in art history and our life. What do you think of white?

    PS If you see a mistake in this article, please know it’s not intentional. Reach out with the suggested correction to nika@veronicasart.com

    The Color White in Contemporary Art

    Ann-Marie Kornachuk, oil painting, copyright of the artist
    G Mortenson, Homework, copyright of the artist
    lorenzo quinn hands sculpture in Venice
    Lorenzo Quinn, Hands, sculpture, Venice. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2017
    Lorenzo Quinn hands sculpture in venice italy
    Lorenzo Quinn, Hands, sculpture, Venice, Italy. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2017

    the infinity of human soul-24x36-veronica winters-oil paintings for sale

    Jorge Jiménez Deredia, capullo, marble sculpture-contessa gallery-art wynwood 2023
    filippo tincolini-spacesman seat-marble, art contexxt miami
    Filippo Tincolini, Spacesman seat, Marble, exhibited in Miami Art Context 2023
    Michael Buthe-white painting-tate modern-london-1969
    Michael Buthe, white painting at Tate Modern, 1969, London. I snaped a picture of this painting in 2019. A carefully constructed composition with white stretcher bars, Buthe blurs the line between the canvas and its support, emphasizing the artwork’s physical construction.
    Freedom-psychedelic art-Veronica Winters artist
    Freedom, 22x30inches, colored pencil drawing by Veronica Winters

    SHOP

    How to paint realistic details by studying famous art & artists through art history

    When I travel and visit art museums, I study the art. I often take pictures of closeups and details in the oil paintings to see how famous artists conveyed realism through texture and detail in their masterpieces. Some top art museums have digital art collections available to view and even download online these days but many don’t.

    I find it enjoyable to take pictures of jewelry, fabric, bows, gowns, metal, gold, silver and other details I see in art. I learned a lot by studying such detailed paintings and if you’re interested in the realist oil painting techniques, I suggest making painted copies of your favorite paintings. I hope this blog post can inspire you to do just that. Enjoy!

    All photos are taken by me- Veronica Winters unless noted otherwise. Also, many famous paintings are in the public domain and can be downloaded for free from art museums websites like the Met, the National Gallery of Art, etc.

    Agnolo Bronzino-Eleonora of Toledo with Her Son Giovanni-painting details-blog
    Agnolo Bronzino, Eleonora of Toledo with Her Son Giovanni, painting details of pearls and fabric. | photo: V. Winters. From 1539 to 1572, Bronzino served as the court painter to Cosimo I, duke of Florence. The Florentine artist, Bronzino painted in the Mannerist art style – emotionless figures and hyperrealist painting details of jewelry and fabric gowns.
    Bronzino
    Titian, a closeup of hands, fur and jewelry rings | photo: V. Winters
    Holbein-the ambassadors closeup
    Holbein, The ambassadors, a closeup of fur. National Art Gallery in London. Notice how soft the fur looks in comparison to carefully painted golden details in fabric.

    A close up of a painting showing white lace, Metz, France. Photo: Veronica Winters
    Art closeup at the CA’ d’ ORO palace in Venice, Italy
    Sargent, Mrs. Joshua Montgomery Sears, a closeup of a white gown, Huston art museum

    lady reading letters of Heloise and Abelard-1780-A. dAgesci
    Auguste Bernard d’Agesci, A lady reading letters of Heloise and Abelard, 1780, oil painting, Art Institute of Chicago

    Titian, Portrait of a Lady, a golden earring and pearl detail, the Pitti palace, Italy

    Some ribbon and fabric details at the Smithsonian National Art Gallery
    Turin, Italy. Here the meticulously created details of fabric are layered over the initial painting of a fancy yellow jacket.
    oil painting closeup-the Soumaya Art museum, Mexico city, Mexico
    oil painting closeup, the Soumaya Art museum, Mexico city, Mexico | I love the variety of textures created in this fabric.

    veronica winters painting

    white fabric detail-Smithsonian
    White fabric detail at the Smithsonian National Art Gallery. | Notice how abstract the details look painted over the base color. Stroke direction and curvature are essential to describe forms, shapes and textures.

    how to paint realistic details-white fabric and gold details- the Smithsonian
    White fabric and gold details, the Smithsonian. | Notice, how gold reads as gold because of few light highlights added to the general shape of these golden accents. How to mix gold color: You should use browns with a touch of either red or yellow (depending on the reflected light) to color mix gold color. It’s not about mixing lots of yellow into the oil paint, rather it’s using ochre and brown oil paint like raw sienna, burnt sienna, raw umber and bunt umber to create the shape first and then adding some strategic highlights over it where the light hits it the most.
    Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, The Marquise de Pezay, and the Marquise de Rougé with Her Sons Alexis and Adrien 1787. Image downloaded from the Smithsonian website. | This is a beautiful closeup of the female face that shows how to paint hair, face and fabric. The hair is always soft in classical art painting. The fabric has soft edges but definite highlights. The earring has the most defined edge. French female painter, Vigée Le Brun was a self-taught artist who got quickly noticed by her future husband – famous art dealer – Jean Baptiste Pierre Le Brun. The artist enjoyed both the opulent lifestyle and career in Paris and way beyond France, painting the wealthy and royals in Austria, Russia, Italy, Germany, England, etc. She is known for her official portrait of Marie-Antoinette. Her high-paying clientele loved her art style – creative poses based on classical ideals, realism and color choices.

    Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun
The Marquise de Pezay, and the Marquise de Rougé with Her Sons Alexis and Adrien
1787
    Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, The Marquise de Pezay, and the Marquise de Rougé with Her Sons Alexis and Adrien 1787. Image downloaded from the Smithsonian website. | Although I find Le Brun’s art less intriguing in terms of subject and meaning, I think her ability to paint realistic gowns and details is supreme. Notice how she catches the light on fabric in broad strokes of golden pink. We can feel the shimmer of fabric looking at this intense turquoise-blue and a lush golden sash.

    details of hands and animal-the Smithsonian
    details of hands and animal, the Smithsonian.
    de heem details-the Smithsonian
    de Heem, still life painting detail, The Smithsonian, National Gallery of Art | The seventieth-century painter, de Heem is one of my favorite Dutch still life painters who captured life of the wealthy in lux objects and food items. I learned a lot about classical realist painting by studying Dutch art, mainly composition, color choices and objects’ texture. His deliberate compositions feature careful balance of all objects and textures. Usually a piece of fabric leads the eye to the focal point. The background has subtle colors that support high-contrast still life.
    de Heem, oil painting details of glass, fabric and silver. The Smithsonian.
    Dutch painting of donuts and sweets at the Smithsonian.
    Dutch painting of sweets at the Smithsonian.
    ringling art museum_Munari_still life with plates
    Munari, still life with plates, closeup, the Ringling Museum of Art.
    Lavinia Fontana, jewelry painting detail, The Smithsonian
    Lavinia Fontana, Portrait of Costanza Alidosi, closup of jewelry- c. 1595, oil on canvas, National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington. | Famous female artist of her time, Fontana lived in Bologna, Italy in late1500s. It was highly unusual to have a name and a career as a female artist in Europe before late 19th century. It was also a strange choice to depict the mythological nudes at that time. Like other female artists of the past, she was trained by her father- Prospero Fontana in the late mannerist style. When she married, her husband became her manager; Apparently Lavinia made a lot of money painting portraits of noblewomen and religious subjects for churches because she had a big family of 11 children whom she supported!
    Golden jewelry and fabric details at the Smithsonian
    Lace and jacket fabric details at the Smithsonian.
    Rembrandt, Lucretia, 1664, dress details. The National Gallery of Art (Smithsonian) has 737 works of art by Rembrandt! Notice how abstract the strokes are describing texture and light of the fabric. These are thick strokes with deliberate rotation and movement of the brush.
    Rembrandt, Lucretia, 1664, dress and jewelry details. Notice how the artist uses greys to juxtapose colors. Thick, painterly strokes shape and sculpt the subject.

    This article is getting updated with new art ideas. So come back soon by subscribing to my awesome VIP list!

    Art, creativity & commercial success: the infamous fate of some famous artists

    In this episode I discuss the birth of the 19th-century art movements, some famous artists and their career success. I share one of my personal life’s lessons in the arts and what you need to pay attention to working on your art and career as an artist. You can see the art and read here: https://veronicasart.com/the-infamous-fate-of-some-famous-artists/

    If you find this episode interesting, share it with your friends and review the show!

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    4 Best Brands of Colored Pencils: are they worth the splurge?

    Are you an artist looking for the best quality colored pencils? In this episode (that’s also available in a video format on YouTube), I reveal the top 4 brands that are worth the splurge. Plus, I’ll tell you about the most expensive colored pencils on the market!
    Whether you’re an artist, a student, or simply love to color, this video will help you choose the best colored pencils for your needs. If you’re tired of low-quality colored pencils and want to invest in the best, then this podcast episode is for you. I’ll compare each brand’s price, softness, and overall quality to help you make the most informed decision for your art supplies. Don’t miss out on seeing the best colored pencils for your next masterpiece! Warning. The episode is highly informative review of the top colored pencil brands!

    On YouTube: https://youtu.be/vu0kycGEWzc

    The Colored Pencil Manual
    How to Color Like an Artist
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    3 Surprising Reasons How Art Improves Creativity & Well-Being

    Discover the hidden power of art and how it can enhance your emotional well-being. Join me as I explore the often overlooked connection between art and emotion, and why it deserves more attention in our public education system.

    Don’t miss out on the opportunity to enrich your life through the world of art – subscribe now!

    To watch on Youtube: https://youtu.be/Zh0KvUedMpQ

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    How to frame art on paper and canvas

    *Written in 2018, Updated

    In this article I’d like to share the basics of framing art on paper and how you can do it yourself inexpensively. Professional framing is your best option because it takes quite a skill to frame art on paper well. It also involves some understanding of color and color temperature to pick the right frame and mat that add beauty to the artwork and not subtract from it. Professional framing is expensive, and if you have to mount an entire solo show you know how draining that is financially, especially if you just begin showing your drawings in a non-commercial space. If you are not an artist, but you have just purchased an original drawing and want to frame it yourself, you’ll find your answers in this article below.

    When I began drawing I knew nothing about framing and I found it frustrating to frame a lot of art for a show. Even framing one piece seemed too difficult because I didn’t know what to look for in frames, why they differed in pricing and what was best for my budget. And while I learned the ropes that I’m sharing in the article below, I find that every art collector has his/her taste and unique style, and while the frame must match the art, not the house, the interior design still plays a role in the collector’s mind.  That’s the reason why I prefer selling art without the frame. However, a good frame dresses up a painting big time. It gives the art a finished appearance, enriching the artwork visually. So the ideal situation is to frame the art with a beautiful wood frame that compliments the original painting in style and color.

    Takashi Murakami at Miami ARt Context, photo: V.Winters

    Watch on YouTube:

    How to frame art on paper

    There are two types of framing choices you have to frame art on paper or canvas.

    Art on paper must have a mat, plexiglass, backing and frame. Art on canvas/ panel/ wood needs a frame only.

    How to frame art on paper | This artwork has a golden metal sectional frame, white mat, plexiglass and backing that show budget framing of art on paper. However, this drawing would look much richer if it had a wide wood frame instead of the metal one you see here. Also it would benefit from having a double mat. The inner mat could catch one of the colors in the drawing like purple or blue while the outside mat may remain off-white color.

    Framing supplies

    Every drawing/print/photo should have:

    • Acid-free mat
    • Acid-free white backing (mounting board)
    • Non-glare glass or acrylic plexi-glass (plexi-glass comes in different formats)
    • Wood or metal frame
    • acid-free tape to attach the drawing to the backing (in the corners) + tape thhe mat and backing together

    Mats: white vs. color

    The majority of framed work on paper that includes photography has a white mat and a simple frame around it. If you go to a museum, you’ll see plenty of examples there. While you can pick a frame to your taste playing with the styles and colors, the color of the mat should be reserved. And if you are not sure about the color, stick to a white or off-white mat.

    A common mistake is to frame drawings with a black mat. While it may work for a specific, very dark artwork, most of the time it doesn’t. When I’m not sure about the mat’s color, I take my drawing to Michael’s and start placing various, pre-cut mats over the drawing to see what color works best for my artwork.

    how to frame art prints

    If you are not sure about color and it’s your first time framing art, always pick an off-white mat as opposed to a color one because it won’t overpower your drawing or print. If you still want to play with color, consider framing art with a double mat. White or off-white never subtracts from your drawing, while color mats may overpower your artwork visually. I often see drawings framed with black mats, and most of them kill art. You end up looking at the mat, not the artwork. White mats come in different shades of white, and you need to pay attention to its color temperature. Either warm white or cool white is fine as long as you match this color temperature with the color temperature of white in your drawing.

    how to frame drawings_veronica winters
    These are custom-framed colored pencil drawings. The one in the center has a metal sectional frame, while the other two drawings have custom-cut real wood frames and custom-cut double mats. Notice that while the color of each mat picks up on the colors found within each drawing, the mats are not too dark or too ‘heavy’ in hue.

    A Single or a double mat?

    This colored pencil drawing has a double mat. Gold is the inner color and light grey is the outer color. This light grey mat mimics the colors seen in the glass. Gold metal frame and regular plexiglass complete budget framing. This drawing would look much better if it’s framed with a wide, real wood golden frame having the same mat.

    If you want to do a double mat,  have a color mat as your inner layer and the off-white mat as the outer layer. So you have a quarter inch color stripe around the artwork but the overall color remains neutral or off-white. The hue of your color mat should pick up on one of the colors present in the drawing. This is where professional framers are really good at. They have the talent to pick the right colors for your inner and outer mats and match that with a beautiful frame of the right hue and style.

    Prints can be framed with frames without a mat to have contemporary feel.

    Tip:

    Technically, any mat creates a barrier between your art and glass. Beware that photographs stick to glass eventually if they don’t have that space between the glass and the photograph. If you decide to stick a picture into a ready-made frame without the mat, add corners that would maintain necessary space between the photo and glass.

    Standard vs. custom cut mat

    how to frame art on paper
    Here you can see that the distances between the frame and the image are not the same. On the left, the image has an equal width/distance maintained around the image. On the right you see a picture that has varied width of the mat around the picture. It’s done to fit a non-standard mat opening into a standard-size frame.  *The image was taken at the Ringling museum in Sarasota.

    Standard mat has a 3-inch width on all sides of the drawing. It gives your drawing necessary space between the mat and the frame. This 3″ distance can be altered however. A lot of times expensive artworks have mats with a much wider width that add richness to art. Sometimes you see framed photographs that have mats with varied widths (right image) that allows for placing prints and photography into standard frames (minimizing costs of custom framing).

    Backing & Tape

    All materials must be acid-free, which include backing (mounting board/foam board/foam backing) and a double-sided tape. If it’s not the case, your drawing will yellow over time. The tape holds it all together but it also yellows the surfaces if it’s not acid-free.

    Beware that the ready-made frames you find in craft stores and Walmart don’t sell frames with necessary acid-free backings. Therefore, they are not suitable for professional framing and your original art or print will yellow over time. It yellows a lot faster than you think!!

    How to frame art on paper
    Consider how your artwork would look as a group. Consistency in mat color and framing helps unify displays of art on paper.

    Mat Cutters

    Logan 650 Framers Edge elite mat cutter model for professional framers

    You are lucky if your drawing is completed on standard-size paper and you can buy all the supplies at any craft store to do the assembly. But what if your drawing has different proportions and is far from standard mat openings? Most of the time you have no choice but go to a framer, so he can cut the right mat for you. However, if you do a lot of drawing and plan on selling your work, it’s a good investment to buy a professional mat cutter and learn how to cut mats yourself.
    Mat cutters give the greatest flexibility possible in mat cutting. You can cut mats to any size. You can also cut it to fit the overall dimensions to standard frame, making a nonstandard opening. Logan mat cutters are not cheap but they save you lots of money in the long run. You can buy large sheets of museum board in any color and cut them to size. It takes practice to learn how to measure and to cut mats, especially the mat openings, which have a beveled edge as opposed to a regular cut. Correct measuring and cutting of mat boards is a skill that demands practice and patience.

    The quality of a mat is determined not only by its thickness, but also by the cleanness of the beveled corners. If a blade is not new or cutting is sloppy, the inner corner edges look uneven. I think it’s best to learn the basics of mat cutting at a framer’s shop, or perhaps to find a detailed video of the process shown online. I used to cut mats myself using the Logan mat cutter, and I found this process quite frustrating at times because you’ve got to be perfect every time doing it. After doing it myself for several years, I prefer going to a framer or buying pre-cut mats online.

    Glass or acrylic plexi-glass?

    how to frame art on paper
    Omnipresent Mind, drawing size is 19×25 inches. It’s framed with non-glare, UV plexiglass and white wood frame for contemporary appearance.

    You can frame drawings with regular glass but consider the overall size of your piece. Glass is very heavy. It can shatter cutting into art. It’s also very reflective! So it depends where you are going to hang your artwork to minimize the reflections.
    Plexiglass is light and durable. Many galleries require framing with plexiglass as opposed to glass to minimize possible damage during the transportation to a show. However, regular plexiglass scratches and becomes useless once even a tiny scratch is there. The cost of plexi often exceeds the price tag of glass. Another thing to consider is reflections.  Pick a non-glare glass vs. regular glass. So you can actually enjoy looking at art from any corner of the room. Or consider framing art with a non-glare UV-protective plexiglass. Tru Vue Optium Plexiglass is the best museum-quality conservation plexiglass available today at almost any framing store online but beware that it’s really expensive and can easily cost you more than the frame itself.

    how to frame art on paper
    Mushroom heart, drawing on paper, 10×16 drawing size. It’s framed with a non-glare, UV plexiglass, double mat and black wood frame
    veronica winters colored pencil, how to frame art
    This is a colored pencil drawing on a 1-inch, wood panel. It’s framed with a canvas depth wood frame (rabbit width is 1 inch to accommodate the wood’s depth), UV, non-glare plexiglass. The result is that it looks like a painting, not a colored pencil drawing.
    art miami 2017

    Metal or wood frames? Consider the lifespan of your display

    There are three types of frames. Plastic, metal and wood. The choice is largely determined by your pocket book, but I strongly suggest not to give in into buying plastic frames or some craft-store frames that may look decent at first glance. Such frames don’t hold up well: they scratch, break and fall apart too quickly. They also don’t provide adequate support for big art in hot and humid climate bending and loosing its original shape quickly.  The frame’s surface may look like wood but it’s paper wrapped around the plywood. It comes off and scratches easily. The hanging wire and hardware are not there to support artwork larger than 11×14″. I always regret buying plastic frames because one scratch prompts eventual replacement.

    Clio Newton, b.1989, Sarah, charcoal on paper 81x59in | Sometimes you can see contemporary drawings framed as posters because they don’t have the mat or space between the art and the frame. It works here because of the figure’s scale giving the impression of her walking off of the wall. It also mimics framing of art on canvas. The frame is made of either metal or wood. It can look very similar in white hue.

    Metal Sectional Frames

    Metal sectional frames at AmericanFrame.com

    Metal sectional frames is great alternative to plastic frames if you work on a budget. They last for years and don’t scratch that easy and don’t fall apart. Sectional frames come in a variety of colors and styles, assemble easily and hold up their shape for a very long time. The only drawback is that most frames have small width and therefore provide economy framing, unlike the real wood frames. At the same time, metal sectional frames can be great for some contemporary art and photography. Many have canvas depth to frame canvas art as well.

    In my experience, if the artwork is larger than 16×20″ acrylic plexi-glass or glass may not hold up well within the metal sectional frame if the backing is not thick enough. Plexiglass tends to pop out of the frame in large drawings and large glass sheets are also too heavy for these frames.

    The back of an assembled metal sectional frame.

    Wood frames

    Real wood frames
    Tanja Gant, Bacchus @ Sirona fine art, Art Palm Beach | This colored pencil drawing has simple off-white mat and a wood frame.

    Real wood frames come in a variety of styles. They are the most beautiful, durable and stylish. Wood frames have varied width and finish and the professional framer can really make it or break it picking the right frame for your piece. Usually the wider the frame, the richer your artwork would look in it. However, the style of the frame is more important than its width because it needs to complement your drawing. Well framed art always looks amazingly beautiful.
    I buy real wood sectional frames that are cut to my dimensions and then assemble them into finished frames. It’s not difficult, but requires some patience and care to do it right. I buy all the supplies in varied sizes at American frame (frame samples of which you see in the images above). Frame destination is another company located in Texas that cuts custom frames.
    If the frame is standard size (8×10″, 16×20″, 18×24″ etc), you can buy these frames at any craft store. However, the variety and quality of ready-made frames is not great in comparison to those found online.

    Shadow boxes and canvas floater frames

    how to frame art on paper_how to frame photography_shadow box and float frame

    Sometimes canvas floater frames or shadow boxes may work better than traditional framing. Glass suspends the artwork in the middle and creates open space between the art and the frame.

    9×12″ colored pencil drawing on 3 layers of acetate-like film. This drawing looks interesting in a white shadow box frame because the colored pencil drawing has the room to breathe.
    Peter Anton @ Art Miami 2017 | This simple shadowbox holds the pieces as one artwork.
    I framed this colored pencil drawing using a real wood frame without the mat. It also has a UV, non-glare plexi and acid free backing. It depends on your personal preference if you like to have a mat around the art or not that usually adds to the art presentation.

    Framing companies where you can customize any frame, mat, online:

    American frame: https://www.americanframe.com/

    Top quality, great customer service, limited free samples of plexi and frames.

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    How to frame art on canvas & panel

    how to frame art on canvas
    Keeper, 36×48″ oil on canvas | Real wood black canvas-depth frame picks up on the color of the art.

     

    Here is a basic guide how to frame art on canvas. Framing of oil/acrylic paintings is much easier because there are fewer moving parts involved. You’ve got to pick the right frame and assemble it, if it’s not a ready-made frame. Art on canvas, panel or wood doesn’t need glass for display. Oil and acrylic paintings look best without it. Also, remember that these paintings would need canvas-depth frames unless it’s a panel. Usually panels are thin, unless they are cradled.

    jeff robb_lenticular photo_context rt miami 2017
    Jeff Robb, lenticular photo at CONTEXT Miami 2017 | Here the photo has canvas depth and requires a canvas-depth frame.

    Types of frames for paintings

    how to frame art on canvas
    Tenderness, oil on canvas, 24×36″, framed with custom-cut gold wood frame

    Once again you have three choices: plastic, metal and real wood frames. Go for the solid wood picture frames because they last the longest, look beautiful and you frame it once. Metal sectional frames is a good choice for beginner artists, some contemporary paintings, especially abstract art.
    The style of the frame should add to your painting. Some paintings look beautiful in golden baroque frames, others in minimalist black frames. Canvas float frames give an interesting effect to some contemporary pieces (see below).

    I find a very big difference in quality of wood sold at different framing stores online. If you see rather a cheap wood frames it means that they use soft, cheap wood that scratches and bumps corners very easily! I ended up re-framing such wood frames. It's better to frame art with metal sectional frames in such a case. Poplar wood and pine wood are very soft. Oak is very heavy and solid wood. Always ask a customer service rep what wood they use for framing!
    lowe art museum_miami univ_workshop of andrea del sarto_madonna and child infant st john
    Lowe art museum, Miami university, artists in workshop of Andrea del Sarto, “Madonna and child infant with St. John | Classical gold/blue frame highlights the colors and theme of the painting.
    Art by Mary Jane Ansell @ Miami Art Context 2017 | White frame gives a lot of space around the painting and extends it beautifully.

    Most people consider their interior space and style, picking frames. While it should harmonize with the rest of the space, always consider how a framed piece looks on its own. Pick the frame for the painting, not your sofa. If the artwork has some warm, golden tones, pick a golden frame. If  the piece has silvery, blue-grey tones, silver frame would be good.

    art palm beach 2018
    Isabelle Scheltjens @ Miami Art Context 2017 | The color of the frame picks up on black hues in the artwork.

    If the painting is standard size, you can find a ready-made frame in a craft store or online, but remember that canvases are between 3/4 and 1″ deep, and not every generic frame would work for framing of stretched canvas.

    Mike Dargas @ Art Miami 2017 | The side of this unframed painting shows the canvas depth you must consider when you pick the frame.

    Canvas-depth frame

    Image: American Frame

    american frame wood frame_canvas depth frames

    In this image taken from the AmericanFrame you can see that the frames have three dimensions: H height, W width and R rabbet. Rabbet should be at least 1″ if you have a painting on canvas. Some canvases require even wider rabbet height.

    Canvas floater frames

    brad kunkle at art miami 2017
    Brad Kunkle @ Miami Art Context 2017

    Canvas floater frames “suspend” your painting inside the frame without the edge touching it. Most picture frames cover the edge of the artwork. Personal aesthetic plays a big part in picking the frame. In this image you see a white floater frame that extends the whiteness of the canvas. The entire canvas floats within the frame.

    White float frame | King Woman show_| Art by van Roos

    White floater frame gives minimal appearance to the art that allows for a complete focus on the painting, not the frame. | Art by van Roos at King Woman art show in New York, 2017

    In this screenshot taken from AmericanFrame you can see the difference in frame styles. Canvas floater frame has a deep opening to nest the canvas painting inside. These are the bars in the back to which the painting attaches. The frames to the right cover the edge of the painting where canvas slides into a channel. Most wood, plastic, and metal frames cover the painting’s edge by 1/4″ or less.

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    White wood canvas float frame completes the look of this beautiful colored pencil drawing

    Standard vs. non-standard frames

    how to frame art on canvas
    Venetian boy, 8×10″ oil on panel | Here this real wood silver frame is ornate. It complements the painting’s style.

    Standard frames are 8×10, 9×12, 11×14, 16×20, 18×24, 24×36 and so on. If your painting is done on non-standard stretcher bars that don’t correspond to standard sizes, you have to order wood frames online to be cut to your specifications, and then assemble them at home if these are very large frames. If artwork is not very large, the shop does it. An electric screwdriver comes in handy, and you also need some hanging wire and hardware you can buy in a kit online or even at Walmart. AmericanFrame includes the kit with the purchase of custom-cut frames.

    In this screenshot from American Frame website you can see how much the frame costs depending on its length. The great thing about this service is that you can order any frame cut to your specifications. You can also order samples and corner samples.

    Still life with the corals and Venetian mask, oil on canvas, 24×36″, framed with custom-cut sectional real wood frame

    Tip

    Sometimes you can order samples of available frames and put them next to your artwork to see if the style of the frame works well with the painting. A lot of times it’s difficult to say how a specific frame would look like unless you have a sample in your hands. Usually the wider the frame, the richer it looks. Although some abstract paintings would look the best framed with thin frames.

    You can also buy standard frames at any craft or art supplies store.

    veronica winters painting_how to frame art on canvas and panel

    This is standard 5×7″ frame.

    Framed oil paintings at art museums

    Turin painting_how to frame art
    Paul Delaroche-the execution of lady jane grey-national gallery London
    Paul Delaroche, the execution of lady Jane Grey at the National Art Gallery, London
    Milan art_Magdalene_how to frame art
    ringling museum artpainting
    Turin painting 2_how to frame art

    These are examples of framed masterpieces I took pictures of. All of them have gold frames but the style of each frame varies. The color of the frame picks up on prominent hues seen within each painting. If these paintings had silver/grey elements, they would benefit from a silver frame. Also, the complexity of the frame matches the exuberant details seen in the painting. For example, the second image of Magdalene has simplified shapes and color that’s supported by a plain gold frame. The exuberant golden jacket of the king seen in the last image matches with more elaborate frame.

    Raphael. You can see a super elaborate round frame of the Raphael’s painting. You can see a lot more framed art from Florence here: https://veronicasart.com/the-15-best-art-museums-in-the-world-you-must-visit/

    In this short video you can see how I assemble custom-cut real wood frame using the provided hardware.

     

    Consider wall space & art display unity

    contemporary art portrait painting veronica winters
    Midnight Dream, 38″ oil on canvas, Veronica Winters

    If you plan on having a show, exhibiting a large number of works, consider framing art with similar frames to have display unity. In my experience, I framed art at different times with varied frames and my paintings don’t always look consistent as a group. It makes it harder to present as a coherent body of work in a solo show. I have to get creative arranging art pieces to have a sense of unity.

    If you have a single piece of art, consider the size of your wall space and the artwork’s size. I often see small art displayed on a large wall where one picture gets lost and just looks too timid or “eaten” by a large wall space. If you have a large wall and small art, consider grouping small pieces together on a wall to create a gallery. Below you’ll find several examples of art displays.

    Here are some of the commissioned wall art pieces at homes of my clients.
    how to frame art on canvas
    These are various drawings and paintings that are arranged in a wall display. Some of them could be re-framed for better visual experience.

    Framed pictures display @ Beverly hills hotel, Los Angeles

    To Frame or not to frame?

    Some art doesn’t require framing. When canvas’s edge is wide and clean, it might not need a frame, especially if it’s a sculptural piece. It gives contemporary, minimalistic appearance you might like more. 

    Glass sculpture @ Heller gallery, Art Miami 2017
    Galerie Bhak, Old man @ Art Miami 2017
    javier bellomo coria_face_art miami 2017
    Javier Bellomo, Coria face @ Art Miami 2017
    contemporary indian art santa fe
    Indian art in Santa Fe

    As you can see framing can be fun but takes time to figure out. Next time you are at an art show or a museum, pay attention to framing, take notes, and frame your pieces in accordance with your knowledge and taste. Good luck!

    If you’d like to get more inspiration how to organize and display wall art at home, here is a great article “How to design the best gallery at home”.

    russell young_marylin_art miami 2017
    Russell Young, Marylin @ Art Miami 2017

    Complete video series:

    Video #1 Part 1 – Learn what makes a painting great

    Video #1 Part 2 – Learn what makes a painting great 2: composition, color, emotion

    Video #2 Contemporary Art History

    Video #3 How to take care of your art collection – coming soon!

    Video #4 How to frame art – you are here!

    Video # 5 Why you don’t need an interior designer to buy and display art in your home – coming soon!


    Shop contemporary art here:

    https://veronicasart.com/shop/


    5 facts you didn’t know about Victor Vasarely & Optical Illusion Art: the Absolute Eye Exhibition

    If you’re in Naples, Florida, stop by to see the retrospective exhibition of Victory Vasarely that displays over 100 serigraphs, lithographs, gouache paintings, drawings and a few small sculptures. Hosted by the Naples Art Institute, the art show offers a beautiful look at Op Art you can rarely see around here.

    Hungarian-French artist, Victor Vasarely (1906-1997) is the leader of the Op Art (optokinetic art) movement, and his innovations in color perception and optical illusion had influenced numerous artists to come. Today his hand-pulled art prints sell for $4,000-30,000 a piece. Vasarely was 90 years old when he died in Paris, France.

    Victor Vasarely, Op Art, The Absolute Eye exhibition, Naples, FL 2024

    Better known as OP Art, Optokinetic art movement relies on mathematical principles to construct repetitive abstract shapes, stripes, grids or spirals to catch the involuntary eye movements we make when following moving patterns. In other worlds, this art stimulates the optokinetic response in us. Op Art takes this response as the basis to visually trick us but normally explores a wider artistic vision and techniques in art.

    Victor Vasarely, Op Art, the Absolute Eye exhibition, Naples, 2024


    5 Facts about Victor Vasarely and his Op Art:

    1. From Medicine to Mastermind 

    Before becoming the father of Op Art, Vasarely actually pursued a career in medicine! He switched paths mid-study, drawn to the power of visual communication.  Later, he studied graphic design at the private Műhely School in Budapest and in 1930, he moved to Paris to work in advertising and design.

    “Vasarely’s early geometric abstract research was inspired by purely abstract elements in nature and urban spaces. In 1947 he spent the summer on a small island off the coast of Brittany, called Belle-Île-en- Mer. He observed the polished stones in the sand, examined the prismatic behavior of the sea, as well as the refraction and reflection of light, the effect of creating space by shifting the viewer’s point of vision on a flat surface and the contrast of light and shadow that generates a vibration in the sight. This would mark the beginning of a true abstract approach for Vasarely. Although he later referred to this time in his life as “the wrong path,” it resulted in an important evolution in his work. It added more rounded elements to his paintings. When he returned to his previous geometric style, it was with the inclusion of dynamic rounded forms that seemed to bulge outward from the painting or collapse inward from the surface. These forms tricked the eye into experiencing that the image was moving. That kinetic illusion, combined with the three-dimensionality of the images on Vasarely’s canvases, became the foundation for the iconic aesthetic we now call Op Art.”

    Naples Art Institute
    Victor Vasarely, Op Art serigraph at the Absolute eye show, Naples, 2024

    ‘The extreme variety of its form leads the advertising designer to mute his personality.’

    Victor Vasarely

    2. Architect of 3-D Perception

    Vasarely didn’t just paint illusions; he aimed to engineer them. His works use geometry, repetition, and color play to manipulate how viewers perceive depth, movement, and even color itself.  Thanks to his jobs in advertising and graphic design the artist learned enough about human psychology to understand how we process visual information.

    “Our eyes are subjected to a constant flood of visual stimuli. In order to process and interpret them, the subconscious brain compares the images with memories and experiences. That’s what distinguishes personal perception from the actual physiological image. Large objects in the foreground, small objects in the back and lines converging at a vanishing point. As soon as the eye receives signals like these, it perceives even a two-dimensional image as spatial. That is why artists usually use so-called central perspective for their naturalistic depictions – not least of all in pictorial representations of cities. They work with lines that converge as they recede into the depths of space, just as they seem to do in the perception of reality. Vasarely, for his part, made frequent use of axonometric projection a geometrical method of constructing three-dimensional forms. The parallel side lines are drawn tipped over to one side at equal angles. This has a bewildering effect on visual perception: does the picture really depict a three-dimensional object?”

    Naples Art Institute

    His serigraphs depicting Zebras are considered the earliest examples of Op art. In the left corner we can see that this print is numbered and signed by the artist in graphite pencil.

    3. Op Art for Everyone

     Unlike much avant-garde art, Vasarely believed in democratizing art experiences. He embraced public art commissions and architectural integrations, bringing Op Art to everyday spaces like buildings and metro stations. Influenced by the Futurists, Constructivists and Dadaists, Op Art spread all over Europe and came to the US in the 60s.

    Victor Vasarely-op art-absolute eye show-blog
    Victor Vasarely, Op Art, The Absolute Eye exhibition, Naples, FL 2024

    Vega Structures

    “Vega Structures is one of the best-known and most emblematic series produced by Vasarely at the height of his career named after the brightest star in the northern hemisphere’s summer night sky. Inspired by contemporary news reports about mysterious signals received from distant galaxies, Vasarely named many of his works after stars and constellations. The Vega pictures rely on convex- concave distortions of a grid-like network, a sophisticated combination of the cube and the sphere, symbolically referring to the two-way motion of the light that emanates from pulsating stars, and to the functioning of condensing galaxies and the expanding universe.

    Through works such as “Vega-Fel-VR” (1971) and “Trivega” (1981), Serigraphs, the artist seeks to evoke the elusive universe of the galaxies, the cosmic pulsations and the biological mutation of the cell. The common denominator in these works is Vasarely’s realization that two dimensions can be expanded into three simply by deforming the basic grid, and that, depending on the degree of enlargement or reduction, the elements in the deformed grid can be transformed into rhombuses or ellipses.”
    Naples Art Institute

    Victor Vasarely, Op Art, The Absolute Eye exhibition, Naples, FL 2024

    4. More Than Meets the Eye

    Vasarely saw his art as a bridge between science and art. He incorporated mathematical principles and studied perceptual psychology to achieve the dynamic, almost psychedelic optical effects in his Op Art. 

    In 1955, Victor Vasarely published his thoughts about Op Art in the Yellow Manifesto. In his writing, the artist recorded his ideas that he called Kineticism. He believed that art should be based on scientific principles to create a sense of movement, energy, depth expressed in geometric forms and optical illusions, rather than copying nature.

    5. Beyond Canvas

    Op Art wasn’t just about grid-like paintings. According to Tate, Vasarely experimented with various mediums, including sculptures, tapestries, and even architectural facades, creating illusory, flickering effects of depth, perspective, and motion. There are a few small sculptures presented at the show illustrating his interest in other materials and techniques.

    Victor Vasarely, Op Art, The Absolute Eye exhibition, Naples, FL 2024
    Victor Vasarely, Op Art, The Absolute Eye exhibition, Naples, FL 2024
    Check out this cool shop https://customcreative.store, where you can custom-design your own gifts for yourself, family and friends. Custom-printed t-shirts, coasters, picture frames, tumblers and more! Take a look!” 

    What is a serigraph?

    In the ” Absolute Eye” the majority of art we see are vibrant serigraphs produced by the artist. A serigraph is a a stencil-based printing process normally called the silkscreen printing. Warhol is the most famous modern artist who used this printing method to create his art. Roy Lichtenstein comes in second.

    1. Stencils: A separate stencil is created for each color used in the artwork. These stencils typically use a photo-sensitive emulsion on a fine mesh screen (originally silk, now often polyester or nylon). Areas left open on the stencil will allow ink to pass through moving it with a squeegee.
    2. Layering Ink: Each stencil is placed on a frame and ink is pushed through the open areas onto the substrate (usually paper, but other materials can be used too). This process is repeated for each color, building up the image layer by layer, resulting in thick, vivid colors to complete the image. Each layer must align and print perfectly to create a finished artwork, which requires some skill and patience from the artist. The high-quality inks produce rich textures and colors.
    3. Hand-Crafted Touch: While automated machines exist, silkscreens are usually made as limited editions because each layer is hand-pulled, each stencil is hand-made, and each full-color serigraph is numbered and signed by the artist. Therefore, such prints are limited editions by nature and have the appeal to art collectors. Subject wise, this latest form of printmaking is the easiest to learn and doesn’t usually have the refinement of image like lithography or intaglio do.
    Victor Vasarely, Op Art, The Absolute Eye exhibition, Naples, FL 2024


    After walking through the exhibition and getting to know the artist, I was impressed with Victor Vasarely’s ability and mathematical precision to draft geometric forms – this is something I find very difficult to do in my art. As I’ve done silkscreen and other printmaking methods, I can appreciate the artist’s attention to detail and precision with which he worked to produce his op art prints.

    More importantly, his thorough understanding of geometry and mathematical perspective led him to discover his own ideal of beauty comprising the Universe. Instead of copying visual cues from Nature like trees or birds, the artist studied nature to see the underlying structure of everything living. While Op Art or geometric abstraction is not my favorite art movement, I can see how it can play its role in other artists painting including mine.

    Sources:

    Naples Art Institute, The Absolute Eye, retrospective art exhibition, January 2024, Naples, FL.

    The Art Story, Britannica, My Art Broker, Tate

    This is why you have unique perception of reality, emotions & awareness

    In this episode I share my thoughts and experiences outlining our unique perception of reality and how to expand on our awareness, understanding and love.

    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/z7bFUwyNXRY

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    The Canvas of the Soul: How Art Improves Your Emotional Well-being

    Imagine this. We can feel confident and inspired by looking at bold brushstrokes of Sargent. Or, perhaps, we can find solace in Vermeer’s quiet portraits. Maybe, the gaze of Frida’s self-portraits can reflect our own inner strength. Visual art, in its myriad of forms and styles, is a keepsake of our emotions. Art is open to everyone, regardless of age, culture, country or education level thanks to art museums, books and the Internet.

    lady reading letters of Heloise and Abelard-1780-A. dAgesci
    A lady reading letters of Heloise and Abelard-1780 by Auguste Bernard d’Agesci, oil painting, Art Institute of Chicago

    The Science of Art & Emotion

    ingres-Princesse-de-Broglie-1853-closeup-of-face-and-jewelry-the-met-best-art-museums
    Ingres, Princess de Broglie, 1853, closeup, the Met, New York

    When we go to an art museum to marvel at the technical skills of artists, research reveals a deeper magic at play. Studies have shown that engaging with visual art can trigger a cascade of positive effects on our emotional and mental well-being:

    1.Reduced stress and anxiety: A 2019 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that museum visits lowered cortisol levels, the stress hormone, in participants. Promoting relaxation, art can be a useful technique to lower your anxiety level without taking the prescription.

    2. Enhanced mood and happiness: A 2015 study by the University of Westminster revealed that looking at art increased feelings of pleasure and excitement in participants.

    3. Improved empathy and social connection: A 2020 study in PLOS One found that viewing art together fostered greater empathy and prosocial behavior among participants.

    Federico Uribe art, Adelson Galleries, 2023, Miami Art

    The Secret Weapon is Art Education

    The impact of visual art isn’t just for art nerds; it’s an effective tool for nurturing well-being from a young age. Art education is often ignored in public schools giving more value to sciences or sports. However, we have many parts to us and we grow emotionally by incorporating many subjects and social cues into our life. Art isn’t about making pretty pictures; rather it’s about:

    Building self-esteem and confidence: As children express themselves through art, they discover their unique creative voices, boosting their self-confidence and sense of accomplishment.

    Enhancing cognitive skills: Studies show that art education improves critical thinking, problem-solving, and spatial reasoning skills, giving young minds a well-rounded workout.

    Fostering emotional intelligence: Through art, children learn to identify and express their emotions, developing a healthy vocabulary for their inner world. I think this is the most overlooked, yet most powerful application of art in our daily experiences.


    Creative thinking is not limited to arts. It often influences our business and social decisions.. Creativity is essential in problem solving, science exploration and personal life growth. Some super creative personalities like Steve Jobs and Elon Musk have revolutionized our understanding of and interaction with technology. Creative thinking is about generation of unique ideas and solutions. It’s a skill that takes time to develop while we study arts and sciences in school. Sometimes students do need help with homework and assignments. There are many companies that offer quality service helping students succeed in learning. At homework help websites experienced writers help students understand difficult course topics, reducing stress and overwhelm. Students are able to complete homework on time and hone their creative skills. They show improved performance in grades and timely submission of assignments.

    Mäda Primavesi (1903–2000) Gustav Klimt Austrian, 1912–13
    Gustav Klimt, Mäda Primavesi (1903–2000), Austrian, 1912–13, oil on canvas, 59 x 43 1/2 in.

    Gustav Klimt despised government control and censorship in the arts, and as a result, revolutionized the art scene in Europe with his sensual, stylized art in early 20th century. He has influenced many modern and contemporary artists as well as art styles, including Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, and Russian Constructivists. According to the Met, The girl’s parents were banker-industrialist Otto Primavesi and his wife Eugenia, who were supporters of progressive Viennese art and design. This painting was seized by the Nazis from Jenny Pulitzer Steiner in 1938 in Vienna and restituted to her in 1951. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436819

    Tips to Tap into Art’s Therapeutic Power in You

    Every person has the artistic side inside him. It may be dormant or not fully explored. As we nurture this part of our personality, we discover new ways of looking at the world. We become more creative in our jobs. We feel emotional connection to people. We engage with others with empathy. We see beauty in ordinary places. We become more connected to the source of our divine nature.

    So if you’re in the mood to discover and process your emotions via visual art, here are some tips to get you started.

    1. Visit an art museum or art gallery: 

    When you travel to another state or city, place the largest art museum and a few art galleries on your list. Not everything is going to look as art to you or become your favorite, but you learn to explore art beyond your comfort zone; you also understand what you really like or dislike. Sometimes, I go out and get disappointed in the shown objects promoted as ‘art’, but there are moments when I find paintings or sculpture that inspire me to create art or try new art materials or just look at the subject differently. I often study paintings by looking at unusual composition, color use or texture created in paint. Such visits cultivate my taste and appreciation of art.

    OtherWorld, interactive space, Columbus, Ohio

    Digital art and technology: I find this new realm of technology exciting. I’m not talking about the NFT scams or bitcoin-get-rich schemes. I think that the interactive, digital art installations are becoming more creative and exciting in comparison to contemporary painting. Some interactive installations can help you explore yourself and grow your understanding of reality by going to these virtual reality rooms. I like how some artists combine nature and technology to create moving exhibitions. My favorite artists in this field are: Studio Drift, Studio Olafur Eliasson, Kusama’ Infinity Rooms. You can also explore new interactive spaces like Other World, a 32,000-square-foot immersive art installation in Columbus and Philadelphia. It’s an interactive, multilevel playground filled with large-scale art, mixed reality playgrounds, and secret passageways. It’s a surreal mix art, technology and interactive experience.

    OtherWorld, immersive space in Columbus, Ohio. Mushrooms changing color and sound.

    2. Let your inner artist shine: 

    Grab a brush or a pencil and make a drawing of something in front of you. Sketch a tree outdoors or a flower on your table. Write a note next to your sketch about your feelings as you’ve been drawing it. It’s about finding joy in the process of creation.

    3. Turn your home into a gallery: 

    abbotsford house castle library
    Abbotsford house, Castle’s interior with a bookcase

    Surround yourself with art that speaks to your soul. Photographs, paintings, small sculptures or even handmade coffee cups can create a nurturing environment that reflects your inner world. Sometimes I visit homes that have 100% white walls. These houses look empty of color and emotion. Lacking personality, such houses are generic and sterile. Every human being is unique and by exploring your emotions in art, you create beautiful and healing space for yourself and others around you.

    midnight dream_bedroom interior shot_celestial painting

    4. Engage with art in everyday life:

    Notice the beauty in the architecture you pass, the patterns in nature, the colors of a sunset, the texture in your friend’s bag. Collect those moments in a sketchbook or pictures because the world is your scrapbook of memories and emotion.

    Church in Venice with mosaic floor design

    5. Art therapy: 

    Art therapy is a profession and service that grew out of art-making. It’s about using visual arts as a tool for self-expression, emotional exploration, and healing. From trauma recovery to managing chronic illness, art therapy offers a powerful outlet for processing difficult emotions. If you think that drawing is not your thing, try making collage pieces out of magazines and postcards exploring your emotions. I find that I often make art and collages without any particular thoughts but the meaning reveals itself when the art is done… Just like writing or a combination of the two, such process can help you understand and process your painful past to move into the light.

    Sometimes psychologists use projective tests to understand your psyche.

    Deep Dive into Projective Tests:

    Projective tests, like inkblots and incomplete drawings, offer a glimpse into unconscious thoughts, feelings, and conflicts. They often look like symmetrical blobs of paint juxtaposing negative and positive space. But how does it work, right?

    The Projective Hypothesis: Imagine throwing a pebble into a still pond. Ripples emanate outwards, revealing the contours of the pond floor. Similarly, projective tests are thought to “disrupt” the calm surface of the mind, provoking responses that reflect our inner landscape. By presenting ambiguous stimuli, such as inkblots or unfinished sentences, psychologists encourage individuals to project their own interpretations and motivations, revealing facets of personality that might otherwise remain hidden.

    Rorschach inkblot

    Common Projective Tests:

    • Rorschach Inkblot Test: The Rorschach presents ten inkblots of varying shapes and complexity. Psychologists analyze the patient’s interpretations, focusing on content, location, and movement. A bat in the blot might indicate anxiety, while seeing multiple figures interacting could suggest interpersonal struggles.
    • Thematic Apperception Test (TAT): In this test, individuals tell stories about ambiguous pictures depicting people in various situations. The psychologist delves into the themes, emotions, and conflicts projected onto the characters, gaining insights into the patient’s underlying motives and needs.
    • Draw-a-Person Test: Simple as it sounds, this test can reveal volumes about self-perception and emotional states. The size, posture, and details of the drawing can offer clues about self-esteem, anxieties, and interpersonal relationships.

    You can read about these tests here: https://pdx.pressbooks.pub/thebalanceofpersonality/chapter/chapter-3/

    Evaluation and Interpretation: Projective tests are not designed to provide definitive diagnoses, but rather to offer additional information alongside other clinical tools. Psychologists consider contextual factors, compare responses to established norms, and analyze the specific details and patterns in the patient’s interpretations. Projective tests can reveal deeper dynamics:

    • Defense mechanisms: The way individuals cope with stress and anxiety can be evident in their interpretations, revealing defense mechanisms like denial, projection, or rationalization.
    • Unconscious conflicts: Underlying anxieties, fears, and desires can surface through projected themes and symbolism, helping psychologists get to the root of emotional struggles.
    • Relationship dynamics: Projective tests can shed light on how individuals perceive and interact with others, offering insights into potential relationship difficulties or attachment styles.

    However, it’s crucial to remember that projective tests are not infallible and rely heavily on subjective interpretation with some cultural biases and individual quirks that can influence responses. While not perfect, they can be valuable tools for psychologists to gain a deeper understanding of their patients, their personalities, and the emotional forces that shape their lives.

    6. Community art projects: 

    School building in Nicaragua

    It’s often difficult to make yourself do something outside the house if you’re introverted or feel tired after a work week. However by going out and participating in collaborative art projects, you gain a sense of belonging, connection, and collective creativity that improves your mood and well-being. Imagine painting a mural for your community or taking an art class to learn the basics of pottery or sculpture. This activity can make you feel needed and appreciated by other members of the circle.

    In conclusion:

    Art is a valuable tool helping people express their emotions in a safe environment. Children benefit from doing art greatly by learning to explore their feelings and their relationship to the world around them. Art nurtures creativity, intrapersonal skills and grows emotional intelligence that becomes useful in a wide range of daily tasks. Art reduces stress and anxiety.

    Remember, the emotional impact of art is unique to you. So, the more you explore, experiment, and record, the more your soul expands with empathy, love and curiosity. Art provides emotional connection to ourselves and the world while other activities may not have the same reach. Create healing space in your mind, home, relationships by developing your skills in painting, drawing, sketching, photography, pottery, etc. The world awaits your light.

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    Colored Pencil techniques Video class by veronica winters_s

    4 best papers for colored pencil drawing

    In this episode I list 4 different surfaces for colored pencil drawing I use the most often. There are many more drawing papers of course. Share your ideas in the comments on YouTube or in messages on Instagram

    To watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/LdXTinmciDc

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    A Tangled Triangle: Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera, and Leon Trotsky Museums in Mexico City

    Casa Azul, the Frida Kahlo’s house in Mexico City: is it worth the visit ?

    Located in the Xochimilco district, Coyoacán neighbohood of Mexico City, the Blue House is the home and studio of famous surrealist female artist – Frida Kahlo. She is the most known Mexican painter promoted across numerous art museums in the US. Frida Kahlo was an amateur surrealist painter, a feminist icon, and a wife of famous Mexican muralist – Diego Rivera whom she married in 1929.

    frida blue house courtyard
    Frida’s courtyard: a cobalt-blue house pulsates with the vibrant spirit of Frida Kahlo.

    The Casa Azul (Blue House) was built in 1904, long before Frida was born. It became her childhood home, a witness to her joy, pain, and unwavering passion for art. Here, amidst splashes of cobalt blue and Mexican folk art, the house became a shared haven for the artist’s tumultuous yet creative partnership with Diego Rivera. The Casa Azul museum doesn’t display famous art by Frida but mostly exhibits personal objects, small art, photography, pre-Columbian sculptures, documents, books and furniture of the artist.

    frida blue house courtyard

    The museum is a living space, infused with the echoes of Frida’s presence. Temporary exhibitions inside the house weave narratives around her life and art, while well-maintained lush garden, once Frida’s sanctuary, invites quiet contemplation.

    Stepping into Frida’s World: the studio

    Stepping into the museum is like stepping into Frida’s soul. Her studio, one of the rooms in the house, displays art supplies, objects, easel and inspiration of the artist. The windows bath the studio in warm light and provide the views into green-blue courtyard. It’s impossible not to notice that this house with a studio is modest in contemporary terms but it was definitely specious and cozy for that time period.

    In the “Studio” room the easel takes a prominent space, which was given by Nelson Rockefeller to Frida Kahlo. This picture also captures the artist’s table with art supplies, books and pictures.

    A Tangled Triangle: Frida Kahlo, Diego Rivera, and Leon Trotsky

    Both Frida and Diego Rivera were fascinated with the socialist ideology and supported its ideals via art. Rivera painted several murals with political messages. They both had a very close relationship with Leon Trotsky whose house was just a few steps away from theirs.

    Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera had a tumultuous relationship. Although they shared passion and love for each other, Frida weathered many infidelities by her husband, and entered into extramarital affairs herself. In 1937, Leon Trotsky, the exiled Russian revolutionary, found refuge in Mexico, courtesy of Diego Rivera’s political leanings. He and his wife Natalia Sedova moved into Casa Azul, creating an unorthodox mix. As Diego became increasingly disillusioned with Trotsky’s political stances, Frida and Trotsky were known to have a short-lived affair, fueled by intellectual connection and perhaps a desire for revenge against Diego’s infidelity. When Trotsky and Natalia moved out, the friendship between Frida and Diego fractured, and Frida poured her emotional turmoil into her art, most notably the poignant “Self-Portrait Dedicated to Leon Trotsky.”

    “Casa Azul” presents a collection of personal mementos, books, pictures, traditional Mexican crafts, pottery, etc. There is a display of medical corsets and costumes that reveal the depth of her struggles.

    frida kahlo  museum review
    Further down in the museum you’ll find a wall display of Frida’s crutches, corsets and medicines the artist used after her numerous surgeries.

    The Artist’s Bedroom

    The artist’s bedroom is modest with the mirror that her mother had put into her room after the accident. Unable to move for almost a year, Frida began to paint in her bed.

    Kitchen

    Kitchen space at the Frida’s house-museum. While the rooms are specious, you can see modest furniture, pottery, artifacts, folk art and personal items of the artists reflecting Mexican culture of that time period.

    Frida’s dresses

    A collection of Frida Kahlo’ dresses. Saint, muse, lover, victim and survivor. Frida Kahlo is the very model of the bohemian artist.

    “Writer Carlos Fuentes described how Frida’s arrival at the Palacio de Bellas Artes would be announced by the sound of her jewellery and how the architectural grandeur of the palace, its paintings and the captivating music of its concerts would be instantaneously outshone by her striking presence. Some of her closest friends have described how Kahlo would take special care in choosing each one of her garments, styling herself from head to toe, with the most beautiful silks, lace, shawls and skirts, some of which can be admired in this gallery. On the street, children would ask her “Where is the circus?” and she would just smile graciously and continue walking.

    October 1937 marked a major step for Frida’s future influence in the fashion world, when Vogue featured her for the first time in the pages of the magazine. Later, in 1939, André Breton organized Kahlo’s first exhibition in Paris. It was called Mexique and her Tehuana dress became an instant sensation among European elites. It is said that star designer of the day Elsa Schiaparelli created a dress in her honor that was named ‘La Robe Madame Rivera.

    It was the Tehuana dress that Kahlo chose as her signature dress; to define her identity and to portray her cultural heritage and political beliefs. Her wardrobe is mostly composed of Mexican traditional pieces from Oaxaca and other parts of the country. Nonetheless, there are also ethnic garments from Guatemala and China, as well as an interesting collection of European and American blouses. Kahlo used to combine these pieces to style herself and her favorite colors were red, green, blue, black and white. The development of her distinctive style as a blend of traditional Mexican and European fashion, as well as the fundamental effects of her disabilities, is represented through this selection of Kahlo’s most iconic looks. Kahlo as a bohemian artist, a Tajuana, a hybrid – representing her own mixed European and Mexican blood.”

    1. Carlos Fuentes, introduction to The Diary of Frida Kahlo,
    New York, Abrama, Ine, 1995, p. 7. 2. Hayden Herrers, preface to Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo,
    United States, Harper Perennial, 2002, p. X

    Transforming Grief into Legacy:

    Frida Kahlo is a symbol of female empowerment and artistic defiance in art history of the West. Her story, whispered through the cobalt-blue walls, continues to inspire artists and dreamers alike. Frida died in 1954. Grief-stricken, Diego Rivera set about creating a lasting tribute to her life and work. He transformed the house into a museum, officially inaugurating it in 1958. It was his way of keeping her spirit alive, sharing her story with the world.

    Is it worth your visit?

    While the museum has a historic value of course, it’s rather small in today’s terms, crowded, and doesn’t have as much art as you may think could be found there. It also requires advanced purchase of tickets stamped with day and time. So if you plan to visit it, you must purchase the tickets before traveling to Mexico. Personally, I didn’t find the house fascinating but the Rivera’s Pyramid- museum was really interesting and definitely worth your visit! The Blue House ticket price includes the visit to the Anahuacalli. Be aware that it’s located in a different part of town and we used Uber to go there.

    Address: Londres 247, Del Carmen, Coyoacán, 04100 Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico. Visit: https://www.museofridakahlo.org.mx/visita/

    Anahuacalli: A Temple of pre-Hispanic art rising from Diego Rivera’s passion

    Diego Rivera pyramid ANAHUACALLI MUSEUM-veronica winters art blog
    Diego Rivera pyramid museum or ANAHUACALLI MUSEUM in Mexico City. The Museum houses more than 45,000 pieces, 2,000 on permanent display. In 1941, Diego began building the Anahuacalli, an architectural blend of modern art and pre-Columbian culture. The artist bought the land to build a cultural destination for artists and art enthusiasts alike. Each corner of the building has four elements – the goddess of corn and earth- Chicomecóatl; the god of wind and air- Ehécatl; the god of fire-Huehuetéotl, and the god of water and rain – Tláloc.

    The eruption of Xitle, in the year 400 BC, created a landscape of layers of lava that, when solidified, formed an ecosystem of desert plants. The architecture of Anahuacalli was integrated into this biosphere, thought by Diego as a sacred receptacle in connection with the underworld.

    from the museum’s website

    Rising from volcanic rock, the Anahuacalli’s name, derived from the Nahuatl language, translates to “house surrounded by water”. Throughout his life, Rivera amassed a vast collection of pre-Hispanic artifacts, captivated by the history, wisdom and beauty of ancient Mexican cultures. He dreamt of a space to house these treasures, not just as a collector, but as a storyteller, an educator, and an artist himself.

    One of the halls inside the museum displaying sketches done by Diego Rivera.

    In 1943, Rivera began translating his vision into reality. He designed the Anahuacalli, drawing inspiration from Mayan and Aztec pyramids, using volcanic rock and concrete to create a sense of permanence and power. The building’s façade features sculptures reminiscent of pre-Hispanic iconography, hinting at the treasures within. The building consists of different levels with a varied amount of natural light, symbolizing a journey from the underworld to the sun. As a collector, Diego Rivera amassed over 45 thousand pieces of pre-Columbian art – comprising Jalisco, Colima, Nayarit and Michoacán.

    Inside, the museum unfolds like a journey through time. Dark rooms showcase Rivera’s collection of over 6,000 pre-Columbian artifacts – terracotta figurines, masks, ceremonial objects – each whispering stories of forgotten civilizations. Rivera carefully arranged these pieces, not as mere exhibits, but as characters in a grand narrative, weaving together threads of mythology, ritual, and daily life. Ancient figurines are fascinating to look at as they are varied and represent different time periods. This museum is as interesting as the Archeological museum in Mexico City.

    The Anahuacalli was envisioned as a cultural space, a “City of Arts,” where artists of all disciplines could find inspiration and collaboration. He designed studios, gardens, and courtyards, dreaming of a vibrant hub where creativity could flourish across generations. Unfortunately, Rivera’s ambitious vision for the Anahuacalli remained largely unrealized. He passed away in 1957, leaving the project incomplete. His wife, Frida Kahlo, ensured the museum’s completion and official opening in 1964, though Rivera’s dream of a bustling “City of Arts” never materialized.

    Diego Rivera Museum: soviet star built on the floor’s terrace of the museum. Don’t forget to step out to see the views of the lava sea and rugged nature of the region in Mexico City from the rooftop of the museum. The Anahuacalli terrace offers views that inspired the artist to create this place.

    The Anahuacalli stands as a testament to Rivera’s legacy. It’s a well-organized, yet underrated art museum and an architectural marvel! Its pre-historic art collection is inspirational and educational for us to learn about the ancient wisdom and artistic spirit of the peoples of Mexico. It is a unique temple of Mexican art that you must see in person!

    Anahuacalli museum of Diego Rivera is showing a vast collection of pre-Hispanic figures. Throughout his lifetime, Diego Rivera collected numerous sculptures and objects of pre-Hispanic art. Later in life, he built the space to house his collection and for others to enjoy the archeological collection today.

    The ticket to the Frida Kahlo Museum includes admission to the Diego Rivera-Anahuacalli Museum! More information:https://museoanahuacalli.org.mx/


    Leon Trotsky’s Turbulent Exile in Mexico City: a story of defiance and assassination captured inside the house-museum

    Trotsky house-museum is situated very close to the Blue House and is worth your visit! It doesn’t require advanced reservations as it’s half-empty and obviously not as known to the West as Frida Kahlo’s art.

    Leon Trotsky museum review
    View from the street of Leon Trotsky’ house

    Leon Trotsky, a towering figure of the Russian Revolution, found himself ostracized and hunted after falling out of favor with Joseph Stalin. His exile in Mexico City from 1937 to 1940 was a period of immense personal struggle, marked by intellectual defiance, political isolation, and ultimately, a brutal assassination.

    From Revolutionary Hero to Exiled Pariah:

    Trotsky’s early life was a whirlwind of revolutionary fervor. A brilliant orator and organizer, he played a pivotal role in the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, becoming Lenin’s right-hand man. However, ideological clashes with Stalin led to his expulsion from the Communist Party and the Soviet Union in 1929. He embarked on a nomadic journey, bouncing from Turkey to France, Norway, and finally, Mexico, desperately seeking refuge.

    One of rooms in a spacious Trotsky house-museum

    Finding Solace in Coyoacán:

    Mexico City’s Coyoacán neighborhood offered Trotsky a temporary haven. He and his wife Natalia Sedova settled in a fortified compound, dubbed “Fortress Trotsky.” Despite the constant threat of Stalin’s assassins, Trotsky remained intellectually active. He wrote prolifically, criticizing Stalin’s regime and advocating for a global proletarian revolution. His magnum opus, “The Revolution Betrayed,” became a scathing indictment of Stalinism.

    House library at the Trotsky residence in Mexico City
    Bathtub at the Trotsky house

    A Beacon for Leftists, a Target for Stalin:

    Trotsky’s exile attracted a motley crew of supporters, including painters Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo. His home became a hub for leftist intellectuals and revolutionaries, who saw him as a beacon of hope against Stalin’s tyranny. However, this notoriety also made him a prime target for Stalin’s agents. Assassination attempts became a grim reality, culminating in the tragic events of August 20, 1940.

    Leon Trotsky & Diego Rivera, one of many photographs displayed at the house-museum

    A Brutal End to a Tumultuous Life:

    Ramón Mercader, a Spanish communist recruited by Stalin’s secret police, infiltrated Trotsky’s inner circle. Gaining Trotsky’s trust, Mercader struck with an ice axe. While Trotsky initially survived, he succumbed to his injuries the next day. His assassination silenced a major critic of Stalinism and marked a tragic end to a life defined by revolutionary zeal and relentless pursuit of his ideals.

    Mexican police showing the ice axe used by Mercader in the crime killing Trotsky.

    Trotsky’s Legacy: A Complex Tale of Revolution and Exile

    Trotsky’s legacy remains complex and contested. He is revered by some as a champion of socialist democracy and a tireless fighter for the working class. Others condemn him for his role in the Bolshevik Red Terror and his unwavering commitment to a revolution that ultimately paved the way for Stalin’s dictatorship.

    His exile in Mexico City, however, stands as a testament to his unwavering defiance and intellectual commitment. Though ostracized and hunted, Trotsky remained a thorn in Stalin’s side, his voice echoing through his writings and inspiring future generations of revolutionaries. Trotsky’s story is a cautionary tale of the dangers of political idealism and the dark undercurrents of revolution. Yet, it also serves as a reminder of the power of dissent and the importance of fighting for one’s convictions, even in the face of seemingly insurmountable odds.

    To read more about Frida: https://veronicasart.com/frida-kahlo-art-in-st-petersburg/

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    Check out Visionary Art here: https://veronicasart.com/shop/

    The art world’s enigma: highlights from Context Art Miami 2023

    Carole Feuerman

    CONTEXT Art Miami takes place every December alongside the Art Miami in downtown Miami. This upscale, glitzy art fair is the 33rd Edition of Art Miami and 11th Edition of CONTEXT Art Miami. It features emerging and mid-career artists presented by more than 240 International art galleries. CONTEXT also showcases commissioned art made for the fair.

    Due to some nudity in the art this full-version video is available to some audiences on YouTube: https://youtu.be/brV6c_UVo1g

    Contemporary art sculpture at the Context Art Miami

    Coderch and Malavia-ALIS VOLAT PROPRIIS-sculpture-art fair miami 2023
    Coderch and Malavia-ALIS VOLAT PROPRIIS-sculpture-CONTEXT art fair Miami 2023
    Coderch and Malavia-Galene-sculpture-art fair miami
    Coderch and Malavia-Galene-bronze sculpture-art fair Miami. Incredibly talented Spanish artists, Joan Coderch and Javier Malavia began creating art together in 2015. They create contemporary figurative realism sculptures together by modeling the pieces and casting them in bronze.
    Joan Coderch was born in 1959 in Castellar del Vallés, Barcelona, and he graduated from Barcelona’s Faculty of Fine Art in 1984. Javier Malavia was born in 1970 in Oñati, Guipúzcoa, and he graduated from Valencia’s San Carlos Faculty of Fine Art in 1993. Once they met, they discovered their artistic similarities, which led to their undertaking this new project that follows in the footsteps of masters of figuration such as Maillol, Rodin, Marini and Bourdelle.
    Coderch and Malavia-Kymo-bronze sculpture-miami 2023
    Coderch and Malavia-Kymo-bronze sculpture-CONTEXT ART Miami 2023
    Carole Feuerman-context 2023-veronica winters art blog
    Carole A. Feuerman (born 1945) is an American hyperrealist artist-sculptor. The artist is best known for her figurative art of swimmers and dancers. Feuerman is the only artist to make realistically painted outdoor sculptures and the only woman to sculpt in this style.

    filippo tincolini-spacesman seat-marble, art contexxt miami
    Filippo Tincolini, Spaceman seat, marble

    Contemporary painting & wall art at the Context Art Miami

    Takashi Murakami context art

    Gabriel Moreno Art-context art miami
    Gabriel Moreno, Epistolary relationship Nº3, 150 x 180 cm, pencil, Bic blue pen, charcoal, on paper 320 gr. with finished in gold leaf. Context Art Miami 2023
    Alvaro Petritoli, Art Movement Gallery, London, Context Art Miami. Ink on watercolor paper.

    “Fireflies in the forest and stars in the night sky connect us with the wonders of childhood and fairytales. As creatures of mystery and magic, fireflies invite the viewer to follow their luminous trail in the delicate dance between light and dark. About stars, they define a nocturnal atmosphere where the microcosm turns into a macrocosm and vice versa. As human beings, we naturally find ourselves at the crossroads between these two dimensions. Apart from the sea and the sky, blue is the rarest color in nature. It is linked with eternity, supernatural beauty, religious transcendence, and the beyond.

    I paint forests from my imagination. They are not a representation of specific geographical locations. However these places exist as a manifestation of inner spaces.
    In relation to stars, they define a nocturnal atmosphere wherethe microcosm turns into macrocosm and vice versa. As human beings we naturally found ourselves at the crossroad between these two dimensions.
    The forest as a threshold symbol into the unconscious was the conceptual starting point for these ink paintings. I’m drawn to this archetype loaded with symbolic connotations: a place of loneliness, healing, regression, entanglement, growth and self discovery.”

    Shepard Fairey-exclamation 2019 silkscreen and collage
    Shepard Fairey, exclamation, 2019, silkscreen and collage
    Luciano Ventrone occasion oil on canvas- stefano forni gallery-context art miami
    Luciano Ventrone, Occasion, oil on canvas. stefano forni gallery-context art Miami
    Context art Miami 2023- blink group
    Federico Uribe art-Adelson Galleries: Born in Bogota, Colombia, Federico Uribe lives and works in Miami. He studied art at the University of Los Andes in Bogota, and in 1988 left for New York to pursue a master’s degree in fine art under the supervision of Luis Camnitzer. In 1996, he abandoned his paintbrushes and began creating his sculptures out of everyday objects, whose beauty is often overlooked. Uribe constructs and weaves his sculptures in curious and unpredictable, repetitive and almost compulsive ways, yet still with reference to the history and tradition of classical art.

    Uribe’s work has become prominent in the United States over the past decade, and has been collected by multiple museums, and featured in several museum exhibitions across the country. He has most recently created installations for the Hudson River Museum (NY), Mass MoCA (MA), the Montgomery Museum of Fine Art (AL), and the Montclair Art Museum (NJ). Federico Uribe currently has an exhibition at the Madison Museum of Contemporary Art (WI) on view through June 2024.
    Federico Uribe art-Adelson Galleries

    Contemporary 3-D art at the Context Art Miami

    HOFA gallery-JULIAN VOSS-ANDREAE
    HOFA gallery, JULIAN VOSS-ANDREAE, RECLINING WOMAN, 2022. Stainless steel (316L) Weight: 230 lbs (110 kg) 26 x 57 1/8 x 21 1/4 in

    Julian Voss-Andreae, a German sculptor based in Portland (Oregon, USA) produces large-scale public and private commissions often blending figurative sculpture with scientific insights into the nature of reality. Voss-Andreae’s work has been featured in print and broadcast media worldwide and videos of his sculpture have gone viral with tens of millions of views. Prior to his art career, Julian Voss-Andreae studied quantum physics and philosophy at the Universities of Berlin, Edinburgh and Vienna and did his graduate research in the lab of 2022 Physics Nobel Prize laureate Anton Zeilinger, participating in a seminal experiment in foundational quantum physics. His expertise in diverse fields of science and a deep passion for the mysteries of the world have been a continual source of inspiration for his work.

    Ai Weiwei-context art miami 2023
    BREAKFAST: Brooklyn, Est. 2009, Flashbacks, Blue Lines, Edition 1/8, 2023, Flip-discs, software, camera, computer, 38 x 38 in (96 x 96 cm)
    “Flashbacks” is the latest series from the artist BREAKFAST, which explores the fusion of art and memory. This interactive artwork records a brief clip of each individual who interacts with it, subsequently replaying a selection of these clips from the artwork’s memory.
    The piece is constructed using Flip-Discs, a medium BREAKFAST has been perfecting since 2012. Each disc is intricately flipped using electromagnets.

    BREAKFAST is celebrated for their digitally-driven kinetic sculpture. At the core of their work is a dedication to crafting advanced artworks that harmoniously blend software and hardware. These creations not only provide interactive experiences that transcend physical boundaries but also convey the poignant narratives of our dynamically evolving world.
    Patrick Hughes: (British, b. 1939) Patrick Hughes’ first solo show was in 1961 in Mayfair, London. The catalogue introduction was by the critic David Sylvester. He has since held one-person exhibitions in Los Angeles and San Francisco, Chicago, Boston and New York, and in France, Germany, Italy, Holland, Belgium, and Switzerland, one hundred and fifty-four so far.
    Patrick made his first reverse perspective, or reverspective, relief painting in 1964 and has refined his technique since. These artworks are constructed of wooden pyramids in perspective but the wrong way round, with the furthest point of the space represented being closest to the viewer. The result is an optical illusion. As the viewer looks and moves near the painting it seems to change seamlessly, giving an illusion of movement in three dimensions.
    Patrick Hughes received an honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the University of London in 2014 for his contribution to the study of the psychology of perception. Hughes wrote a book titled “Paradoxymoron” that gives insight into his thought process and ideas. His 3D art is in many private and public collections including art museums internationally.
    Miss Bugs, Algorithm sunny day, context art Miami 2023

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Visit:

    https://www.contextartmiami.com/galleries

    The CONTEXT Art Miami Pavilion
    One Herald Plaza @ NE 14th Street | Downtown Miami
    On Biscayne Bay between the Venetian & MacArthur Causeways

    The Omni garage parking is $40! 1645 Biscayne Blvd @ NE 15th Street, Miami, FL 33132 Mon – Sun: All day

    Megan Seiter: art promotion and colored pencil techniques

    Learn art promotion and colored pencil techniques with Megan Seiter

    Megan Seiter is an accomplished, contemporary hyperrealist artist working in colored pencil. A winner of many prestigious awards, Megan creates beautiful floral paintings with a twist. Using the pan pastel and watercolor she draws realistic still life paintings with amazing precision and vibrancy. In the interview she shares her colored pencil techniques, art supplies and gives us valuable tips on art marketing, presentation, networking, gallery representation, and so on. You don’t want to miss this episode!

    Parrot Tulips-Megan Seiter-hooked on art podcast
    Parrot Tulips by Megan Seiter, colored pencil drawing

    Megan Seiter website: https://www.meganseiter.com/

    To watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/53_ObOt26F8

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Best brushes for oil & acrylic painting

    If you’ve tried painting, you know how hard it is to find a good set of brushes. Many of them are flimsy or too soft to spread the oil paint around. Cheap brushes can shed the hairs like a cat. They don’t keep the fine point necessary to paint the details in oil painting. I went through many artist brushes trying to find something that works in my oil painting process. Here you’ll find information on how to pick a good brush for oil and acrylic painting, how to clean the brushes and what brands you can try to purchase the brushes from for your art studio practice.

    what are the best brushes for painting?

    Painting brushes differ in size, shape, and type of bristles

    Size

    The higher the number written on a brush, the larger the brush you get. For example #0000-0 brushes are for super fine detail, # 2-4 brushes are for small work, # 6-10+ are designed for a general application of paint.

    Shape

    There are rounds, flats, liners, chisel tips, filberts, and fans. The shape of a brush determines the stroke you can make with it. The rounds  have a fine point and are good for small, detailed application of paint, flats are for a large coverage of paint or to make a wide stroke; fans are good for gentle blending of the edges and for creation of some textures like tree foliage. My favorites are the filberts because they give me a variety of strokes. Depending on the rotation of my brush, it can give me either a flat stroke or a thin, fine line that’s great for defining and maintaining straight edges.

    How to pick a perfect brush for oil & acrylic painting

    Types of brushes

    In general, watercolor brushes are very soft and are not suitable for oil painting. They are too soft to maintain a point filled with oil paint. However, small round Kolinsky brushes are very good for painting details, and watercolor 1″ flats are great for blending large areas of paint right after a painting session to soften the entire picture.

    There are three kinds of oil/acrylic brushes: the bristle ones, the synthetic ones, and a blend of synthetic and sable hairs. Both the bristle and the synthetic ones are necessary for oil or acrylic painting.

    First layer of painting: the bristle brushes

    Use stiffer, synthetic brushes for your underpainting because the first layer doesn’t brush over smoothly. Many artists help the oil paint flow by using some solvent ( Gamsol) mixed into the paint. Both the solvent and canvas surface wear out fine brushes using them at this step!

    The bristle brushes are used in a first, rough layer of painting to put the paint on canvas and to mass out shapes. It’s difficult to paint the first layer with the synthetic ones on canvas, because they are too soft for this step and don’t spread the paint around easily. I find that major manufacturers produce similar bristle brushes that don’t differ much in quality. I would avoid the cheapest ones because they shed hairs a lot that get embedded into the wet paint, if you don’t take them out of your artwork during painting. However, If you paint on panels and not canvas, the bristle brushes may be too hard to paint with.

    Second layer of painting: the synthetic brushes

    When you paint with oils over the underpainting, it glides over the first layer much better but often needs just a little bit of medium to have the flow. This is the stage when you switch from stiffer brushes to the synthetic ones. I find that “Simply Simmons” brushes are cheap, over the counter brushes sold at Michael’s that are quite durable and have a nice point when painting. Craft, unbranded brushes is a waste of money because they don’t hold the paint and have no stiffness necessary to move the paint around or to make clean edges and details.

    With each layer your painting becomes more refined in color and detail and so do the brushes. I use Robert Simmons oil brushes that are cheap, durable and hold the point well. I paint with #2 round and #2-4 filbert for most work. I also have #6-8 to paint larger areas. The Robert Simmons brushes’ quality is OK for its price. They don’t last for a year, but perform quite well in comparison to other more expensive brushes I’ve tried so far. I also buy them separately, if I need a particular size or a tip. Another brand I recommend is the Rosemary and Co for the majority of oil painting.

    To complete big chunks of painting I like using a variety of filberts. The W&N Galeria set of brushes are great. They are quite soft but work well with oil paint.

    Third layer of painting: synthetic and sable brushes

    Having good brushes is critical to painting subtle transitions, texture effects and details. For detailed work, I like the Ebony Splendor by Creative Mark that are budget friendly. This brand has a variety of small brushes. However, the really good ones are by the Rosemary brushes & Co. This English company manufactures a great variety of brushes.

    For a super detailed work I love to use:
    1. the Kolibri, artisan Kolinsky 3/0 sold at Natural Pigments
    2. a variety of 3/0 or 5/0 Rosemary & Co oil painting brushes sold on their site, which I prefer using the most.
    3. I also use a #0 liner “scepter gold II”, a sable/synthetic blend by Windsor & Newton to paint fine details.
    4. Recently I found the Princeton, round, 18/0 to paint the tiny details as well but it didn’t last as long as the Kolibri one.

    What about the brush handle?

    I find that the brush handle length makes no difference in painting. In fact, if you do realistic painting with lots of detailed work, you want to minimize your hand movements to remain precise. I don’t see how long handles help artists do that.

    I keep a wide, super soft watercolor brush (3/4 or 1″) for blending large areas to soften everything before I quit painting for a day. It doesn’t matter what brand it is as long as it’s a super soft brush like the watercolor brushes are.

    If you want your brushes to keep their shape, it’s not only the quality of the hairs to pay attention to, but also how you wash them.

    Thomas Gainsborough The Honourable Mrs Graham
    Thomas Gainsborough The Honourable Mrs Graham (1757 – 1792) 1775 , painting detail

    How to clean the oil painting brushes

    If you want your brushes to last, take good care of them. Squeeze all the unused paint out of your brush, using a paper towel. I Usually, I deep them in linseed oil first and then take the paint out with a paper towel.

    Then you can use a solvent like Gamsol to swish them around in a glass jar, and then wash them out with a bar soap and warm water. I skip the solvent step most of the time because of the two reasons. One reason is a plain health precaution and another one is care for my brush hairs. The solvent dilutes the paint and damages the hairs. I find that cleaning with linseed oil and a bar soap works great and makes the brushes last longer.

    To sum up, I take the paint off the brush with a paper towel and use the oil to take most of the paint off. I use a soap bar to clean them after every painting session. I wipe the water off of every brush, and rest them flat on a paper towel, so the excess water doesn’t run underneath the ferrules, damaging them.

    One more thing. Brushes wear out a lot faster working on textured canvases. Use lightly textured panels or linen canvases to keep your brushes like new.

    Presto!

    Check out video classes here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/ or visit my shop. Thank you for stopping by!

    The art of donation: is it worth it?

    Over the years I’ve donated close to two dozen pieces, including my donations to CSN (the Community School of Naples), State College high, the Seeds of Learning, the humane society of Naples and many others. They were nice works, the artwork that had the potential to sell, yet I chose to let them go. In this post I’d like to share both sides of the coin for other artists to consider before donating your art.

    In my opinion, it all boils down to your motivation, standing behind the very act of donation. Many artists feel sour and often become negative talking about the art donations they made in the past. Why?

    #1 Artists feel used donating art.

    Artists feel used. First, all fundraisers ask artists to donate their art for free. There is absolutely no profit going to the artist, only the promise of “getting your name out there,” or getting “exposure.” In my experience, name recognition or a promise of exposure is not worth it. I had zero contacts coming in from my donations.

    #2 No real tax-deduction for artists.

    Second, although it’s said that your donations are tax-deductible, they are, but not for the artist. Say you bought a piece for $100. If you donate it to a charity, you can write $100 off as your tax deduction. If the artist donates his artwork, he or she can deduct only the cost of art supplies used to manufacture the piece. The deduction sum doesn’t include the artist’s labor, level of expertise, tuition loans, years spent learning, etc. Therefore, when the artist donates, he or she gives it away for real, which looks unfair to the artist at times, because the institution seems to “make money” using the artist. Moreover, in my experience only half of organizations that sold my art for their purposes sent a “thank you” note to me. And none of them shared the information on price it went for or the client’s name without me asking about it.

    #3 Devaluing of art.

    Third, many think that your art donation devalues your art because it can sell for any price and you have no control over its pricing. It’s also a sign that you are a “weak” artist since you donate art instead of selling it. Therefore, if you aim to make money via donations, don’t do it not to get disappointed with meager results.

    Most artists paint no matter what, walking against the grit of economic problems. The financial pursuit via donations is not the right path to take. Let's become financially successful in other ways, dear artists :)

    Now I’m going back to my original idea: your inner motivation  is the whole point of donation. I donate because I feel good helping others. It sounds cheesy, but I feel fortunate I live in a place where I can create, and I’m able to share my gift with purpose at heart. I feel that my art can change the world for the better, even if it looks like a drop in the ocean today. Like most artists, I’m proud of the fact that I’m not motivated by greed or a lucrative business to paint. However, making money is absolutely necessary for the artist to continue doing his or her work!

    If you decide to donate a piece, work out the mutually-beneficial agreement with the organization. My tip is to set the base auction price and require half of that base price as payment to you if the art sells.
    
    * This article was written back in 2015 but nothing has really changed in favor of artists.

    Check out visionary art for sale!

    What is positive and negative space in drawing?

    To design beautiful compositions in painting and drawing, you need to understand the difference between negative and positive space in art. Every realist artist combines negative space into his drawing and painting to create visual balance and unity.

    Definition

    Positive space in art is the subject or object itself in art, such as a cat, cup, spoon, etc. Negative space is the empty space or background space that surrounds that object or subject.

    what is negative space in art?
    Look at this picture. What do you see a black vase or two white profiles? If it’s the black vase, you’re looking at the positive space. If it’s the profiles, you’re seeing the negative space. Usually the positive space is the object(s) you draw, and the negative space is the background that surrounds it.

    what is negative space in art?
    Here is an example of a positive space in art. This is my colored pencil drawing of a flower. The flower itself is the positive space, and the white background around it is the negative space. The negative space in art isn’t always empty or in one color. It can have out of focus objects, colors and details that support the focal point – your main subject in the drawing.
    Left: The vase itself is the positive space.
    Right: The space around the vase shows the negative space.
    My cat Neutron passed away a few years ago but I still melt over her cuteness. I marked the negative space in the picture. When I draw, I look at the distances that are created by the negative space to create accurate drawing.

    How to use negative space in your art

    The negative space can be an effective tool to define your center of interest in art. Every subject in your painting and drawing has edges. These edges are affected by tones and colors placed right next to or around it. Hence, the negative space can bring visual balance and unity to your composition with a specific tone, shape or shadow.

    One of the most common mistakes beginners make, they forget to include their background space into the equation, and ask me what to do with it much later when they are almost done shading the object itself. In my mind I compose the image before I begin drawing. I consider everything: composition, values, textures, and colors not only of the subject, but also of the negative space itself.

    To use both negative and positive space in drawing effectively, consider picking your main focal point or a center of interest in art first. This focal point must be big enough, taking the majority of your space. Add the background elements around this focal point to lead the eye to it.

    Woman Reading a Letter, Johannes Vermeer, c. 1663
    Woman Reading a Letter, Johannes Vermeer, c. 1663 oil on canvas, h 46.5cm × w 39cm × d 6.5cm | In this painting the woman in blue is the subject and the focal point of the painting. The surrounding objects – the chairs, table and map create visual balance in the painting. Notice that the chair on the right is rotated towards the figure and a large map behind the woman sets contrast and mystery in art.
    Prado museum | In this beautiful painting we can see how the artist creates a dynamic composition using both negative and positive space effectively. He places his focal point-the woman at a diagonal, creating movement. Painted in sharp focus, she occupies the most space in the picture. The background (negative space) has subdued colors and details. The edges are soft.


    Negative space in art: examples

    rose colored pencil by veronica winters
    Pink rose, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on board | For example, in this picture pink rose stands out being the center of interest or a focal point set against the purplish background (the negative space). If the background were the same pink hue and sharpness, the flower would be lost visually.

    self-portrait by Raphael at Pitti palace
    Raphael, Self-portrait, Pitti Palace, Italy | In this painting we can see the most common use of negative and positive space in art. The portrait itself is the positive space and this empty background is the negative space.

    how to draw glass
    This is one of my still life drawings where I play with negative and positive space. The starfish is the focal point. The beads and marbles lead the eye to the subject of interest (positive space). The fabric becomes the negative space with its folds moving around the starfish to create visual interest.

    surreal art and paintings of women
    Invisible: frosted past, oil on panel with some aluminum leaf, 11×14. In this oil painting I use negative space to fill in the forms around and in the figure.

    presence_veronica winters_16x20_oil on panel, contemporary romantic paintings of women
    Presence,16×20, oil on panel with some leafing, unframed, available. I play with the negative space in this oil painting as well. The dress that is normally a positive space becomes part of the negative one. https://veronicasart.com/product/presence-painting/

    Tips for using negative space effectively

    Here I’m going to give you three additional tips on how negative space can enhance your art. I often use all of these strategies designing my colored pencil drawings and paintings.

    • You can create contrast in art using the negative space with purpose.
    • You can measure and check distances between objects visually while sketching or drawing the shapes to create accurate art.
    • You can improve your drawing accuracy or realism in your art by looking at the negative space.
    • You can come up with a unique drawing design using the negative space as an illusion.

    1. Create contrast using negative space in your art

    As a beginner in art, it’s easy to start designing your images around the concept of contrast that occurs between the negative and positive space. If your still life is dark, set up the light background behind it. If the object/focal point is light, it would appear much brighter set against dark, negative space.

    oil painting techniques still life with starfish and peacock feather
    In this small oil painting of a starfish I make my focal point – white starfish – the brightest object. I place the peacock feather at a diagonal to create visual balance and the background (negative space) is dark brown-grey to create contrast and balance.

    2. Measure and check distances

    You can measure and check distances between objects visually while sketching or drawing the shapes. This is a very useful skill drawing all subjects, especially people. I often check distances between the eyes or between a hand and a waist, etc.

    When students draw the object, they tend to focus on the curvy line itself. As a result, the shape might be too long or lopsided, or foreshortened the wrong way. Instead of focusing on the object’s curve itself, look at the space between those curves. Realist artists visually measure distances between the lines, shapes or objects by checking the negative spaces between them to make the most accurate drawings.

    Additionally, using tools like VeePN for TV can help you access a variety of art tutorials and resources online, which can further enhance your drawing skills. Streaming art lessons on a big screen can provide a clearer and more immersive learning experience. This way, you can improve your technique by observing and practicing alongside professional artists.”

    I made this illustration to show you the idea behind visual measuring of distances using negative space in art. Focus on these black lines (negative spaces) to see the accurate distances between the shapes. These distances help you measure, copy and draw accurate outlines of the subject (cat).

    The black lines show the idea of visual measuring of distances between the shapes using negative space.

    3. You can improve your drawing accuracy or realism in your art by copying abstract negative shapes.

    By focusing on negative space you can become more skillful drawing realistic shapes. Negative shapes look abstract in our mind. Copy those abstract shapes with as much precision as possible to improve the overall accuracy of your drawing.

    what is positive and negative space-veronica winters art blog
    In the image on the right I defined the negative space that consists of abstract shapes made by the positive space. It’s useful to learn to see these abstract shapes and copy them to create a more accurate drawing of a cat in this case.

    4. You can come up with a unique drawing design using the negative space as an illusion.

    This is AI–rendered image that illustrates the idea of using the negative space as part of your drawing.
    Here is another render illustrating the illusion you can create using the negative space as an active part of your painting.

    Pens are important tools for us to keep learning and take notes. Our custom personalized pens are unique and add lot’s of fun while learning the skills.

    video courses by veronica winters

    If you’d like to learn more about colored pencil drawing, check out free previews of my video courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Art supplies I often use in my drawing:

    Reasons why da Vinci Mona Lisa is still here: how to use your art supplies in oil painting correctly

    Technical reasons why Mona Lisa is still here

    Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was a scientist and an inventor. In his mind, his remarkable abilities to perfect the oil painting techniques were secondary to his numerous other interests. That’s one of the reasons why so few da Vincis exist today. Tall, handsome, and charming Leonardo was great at building relationships and finding patrons for his military, scientific, theatre and art projects, which he rarely finished.

    As an inventor, he also loved to experiment with his art materials, using new, untested methods and processes that led to a number of disasters. His greatest surviving disaster-achievement is the “Last Supper” mural painted inside a church in Milan. It began to chip off the wall during his lifetime! It happened because he disregarded the traditional fresco painting technique. Leonardo painted the picture on a dry wall instead of a wet plaster, and experimented with oil, tempera and other materials combining them in a new, untested method. The mural has endured a number of renovations since then, but only restored and computer-generated models can show us his genius: perfectly sculpted figures set in triangular sub-compositions. The admission to the museum requires multi month booking to see the mural, which attests to his long-lasting enigma.

    It’s not a surprise that da Vinci experimented with “Mona Lisa” that he began working on in 1503. Obviously, this painting had held a very special place in Leonardo’s heart since it had never left his hands until his death. Da Vinci’s drawing of the figure was absolutely perfect, and his creation of a soft landscape behind her using the sfumato technique was his signature invention. I’m not going to talk about the mystery of the sitter, the beauty of this composition, or the artist’s preoccupation with the painting. There is numerous literature written about these topics. Rather I’d like to illustrate the importance of art materials used in the oil painting.

    The artist played with the technical aspects of the painting itself that deteriorated its surface at a much faster pace than it normally would. The exposure to light and humidity darkened and discolored the pigments. Fine details in the face got lost as dyes mixed with the paint faded. Her brightly colored attire changed to shades of browns and black that we see today. Further applied varnishes during the early restorations darkened the painting even more, and today it has a rather colorless appearance of yellowed browns.

    Italian painter, Giorgio Vasari was the first to write a comprehensive book about famous artists preceding his generation that he titled “lives of the most excellent painters, sculptors, and architects.” In his notes he reviewed the “Mona Lisa” as follows:

    “The eyes had that luster and watery sheen always seen in life … the nostrils, rosy and tender, seemed to be alive … The opening of the mouth seemed to be not colored but living flesh.”

    Georgio Vasari

    These are the words that describe the mastery of the artist that we sort of see here, only if we could take the sunglasses off to see the real colors.

    So what happened to the painting? Because the artist painted on a poplar panel (soft, non-durable and susceptible to insect attacks wood) that was removed from its original frame, the surface couldn’t withstand the changes in humidity. It warped and cracked. In the 18th century the braces were added in the back of the painting to stabilize the crack, and later the added frame and cross braces helped to stop the continuous warping of the panel. Over the centuries the panel had actually shrunk!

    Today you can see the painting in the Louvre that’s kept in a bulletproof glass case. It’s rather small (21×30”) and it’s hard to enjoy the beauty of it, jumping over the heads of so many tourists surrounding it with phones. To preserve the priceless artwork, this painting is kept in a climate-controlled room with a 50% (+\-10%) humidity and 18-21C (68-70F) temperature. To compensate for fluctuations in relative humidity, the case is supplemented with a bed of silica gel treated to provide 55% relative humidity (source: Wikipedia)

    These are computer-generated models of the famous painting showing us true colors the Mona Lisa probably had when Leonardo had just painted it. In these models we can see the pinks and the blues that Vasari mentioned that have faded over the centuries.

    Source for the images: World Mysteries at http://blog.world-mysteries.com/science/digital-restoration-of-leonardo-da-vincis-mona-lisa/ Other sources: Art history lessons | the Natural Pigments at http://www.naturalpigments.com/blog | Wikipedia at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa

    Mona Lisa in the Louvre

    If you’re interested to learn more, the Louvre museum website is a great source. Here you can see Mona Lisa up-close and personal going through the digitized images completed by the Louvre museum:

    Close ups: http://focus.louvre.fr/en/mona-lisa/

    Overview: http://focus.louvre.fr/en/mona-lisa/understand/most-famous-painting-world

    Scientific tests: http://focus.louvre.fr/en/mona-lisa/compare/scientific-tests

    This diagram is taken from the Natural Pigments website. NP produces lightfast, high-quality materials for professional artists.

    11 Classical Oil painting techniques rules

    If you are serious about creating permanent oil paintings, always consider using the best art materials that includes the painting substrate. the longevity of art depends on the environment you place it in. The best conditions you can set in your home or office must include:

    -constant room temperature

    -low humidity level

    Also, don’t expose your oil paintings and especially watercolors and drawings to extreme sunlight, heat oxidation and high humidity. These are the main causes for art deterioration.

    -Don’t wash the surface with water!

    -Don’t paint on super smooth or glossy surfaces because the paint doesn’t stick or form a permanent bond with the substrate.

    -Don’t use a lot of medium as it weakens the oil paint. Use a little bit of linseed oil to help the paint flow.

    -Ideally, it’s best to paint with a lead white, no the titanium white or worse the flake white. Lead white holds everything together like a glue and minimizes cracking.

    -If you don’t paint large, stick to painting on professional panels, the surface of which doesn’t fluctuate as much as canvas.

    -Have strong stretcher bars and frames that keep the canvas flat and unchanged.

    -Use the linseed oil to form the most durable paint film, although it may yellow more than the walnut oil. The walnut oil is also a very good medium that dries much slower then the linseed oil.

    -Don’t use the oil paint that contains the safflower oil.

    -Always paint on a previously dry layer!

    I hope these oil painting techniques tips will help you use your art materials correctly. Learning the rules helps artists create permanent paintings that you can be proud of and confident selling!

    + Updated. First written in October, 2016.

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    The apotheosis of war

    The Apotheosis of War, colored pencil and markers on paper, 12×16″, Veronica Winters

    The US was involved in a number of wars in the past 100+ years.

    Wars:

    World War I (1914-1918)
    World War II (1939-1945)
    Korean War (1950-1953)
    Vietnam War (1954-1975)
    Gulf War (1990-1991)
    War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
    Iraq War (2003-2011)


    Proxy wars:

    Chinese Civil War (1944-1949)
    Greek Civil War (1946-1949)
    First Indochina War (1946-1954)
    Korean War (1950-1953)
    Vietnam War (1954-1975)
    Angolan Civil War (1975-2002)
    Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990)
    Salvadoran Civil War (1979-1992)
    Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989)

    Russian-Ukrainian war (2022-


    There is some debate about whether or not some of these conflicts can be classified as proxy wars. In Serbia, the US was involved in the NATO bombing campaign against Yugoslavia in 1999. This bombing campaign was launched in response to the Yugoslav government’s crackdown on ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. The bombing campaign lasted for 78 days and resulted in the deaths of hundreds of civilians.

    The US has also been involved in the conflict in Libya. In 2011, the US led a NATO intervention in Libya to protect civilians from the forces of Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi. The intervention resulted in Gaddafi’s overthrow and death. However, the conflict in Libya has continued since then, with various factions vying for power. The US has continued to be involved in the conflict in Libya, providing support to the internationally recognized government. However, the US has also been criticized for its role in the conflict, with some accusing the US of destabilizing the region and creating a power vacuum that has been exploited by terrorist groups. The US involvement in the conflicts in Serbia and Libya has been controversial. Some argue that the US interventions were necessary to protect civilians and promote human rights. Others argue that the interventions were illegal and counterproductive, and that they have contributed to the instability in both regions.

    Additionally, the US has been involved in a number of other conflicts over the past 100 years, but it is difficult to say definitively whether or not these conflicts can be classified as wars or proxy wars. For example, the US intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1965 and the US invasion of Grenada in 1983 are often considered to be military interventions, but they could also be classified as proxy wars, as the US was supporting or opposing specific factions in those conflicts.

    Written with knowledge of AI-based Google Bard.

    PS. The US is currently involved in the Russian-Ukrainian war and the Israel – Palestinian conflict in 2023.

    5 Tips in Realist Oil Painting Techniques for beginners & beyond

    Traditional oil painting techniques means painting natural forms from life. Academic studies are based on copying reality as close as possible to life through still life and figure painting. Classical painting method consists of daily drawing from life. That’s why when you visit the art studios at the Grand Central Academy of Art in New York, The Art Students League or the Ryder’s School in Santa Fe, you’ll see students copy objects and draw from figure all day long for weeks, months and even years.

    I spent many years learning how to draw realistically and then how to paint with oils well. I must say that realist oil painting is a lot more challenging than drawing because color mixing is not the same as shading in colored pencil or painting in watercolor. In drawing artists shade via subsequent layering to build up a range of values. In painting we have to “guess” correct color, value and color temperature in one stroke! It requires good understanding of color mixing and lots of practice. In this article I’d like to explain several important factors that affect the quality of your oil paintings. Let’s dive right in.

    contemporary realism still life with blue vase and starfish-oil on panel-12x16-veronica-winters
    contemporary realism still life with blue vase and starfish, oil on panel, Check out a short Video course


    1. Invest in quality art supplies & understand their properties

    Painting with oils could be a lot of fun when you understand how to use the art supplies in oil painting correctly. Of course, you shouldn’t break the bank by buying pricey art supplies. Painting with high-quality paints really makes a difference in the end result. I’m going to mention budget art supplies that are still good quality. I’ll also explain what to look for buying them in art stores.

    Oil Paint

    I use professional-grade oil paint. It has high pigmentation, so one small tube lasts for a very long time painting daily. Gamblin colors, Natural Pigments, Michael Harding and Utrecht oil paints are high-quality, yet affordable.

    If you want your oil paintings to last, you must use White oil paint that has PW6 pigment and nothing else in it. Most white paint contains additives that break down the paint much faster that leads to deterioration of your entire painting! For instance, Winsor&Newton titanium white has PW6 and PW4 mixed with safflower oil in it. Gambin colors are mixed with high-quality linseed oil. It’s not that important when you paint as a hobby or for practice but it becomes important when you sell art to savvy art collectors. I have written an extensive post about oil paint here: https://veronicasart.com/oil-painting-techniques-whats-the-lightfastness-of-paint/

    Panels & canvases

    Panels for oil and acrylic painting

    In general, panels for oil painting are much better than canvases because they don’t fluctuate much as room temperature and humidity change. Canvases tend to curve and deteriorate, especially in humid climate. Canvases expand and contract a lot due to temperature changes causing paint to crack in the long run. That’s why you can see the cracks in master paintings in art museums today. If you’re a beginner, it’s not your concern, but if you paint professionally, you should paint on panels.

    I recommend: Ampersand Gessobord (medium texture, professional white panels) & Jack Richeson toned gesso hardboard panels (toned surface is great to start painting in full color. It gives a warm undertone to colors!

    Canvases have a very big advantage however. They’re light and easy to carry. Canvases can be stretched to any size. Large panels are very heavy and it’s difficult to find large panels selling online. When they arrive, the corners may be damaged.
    Fredrix canvases have good quality-to-price ratio for beginner artists. Utrecht canvases (and other Utrecht art supplies) are high quality that don’t cost you a fortune. They are good for beginners in oil and acrylic painting.

    Brushes & mediums

    Brushes must have a spring to them, meaning that they should keep their point well while painting. It’s best to test the brushes at the art store as opposed to buying unknown brands online. A lot of them are too soft or don’t come to a nice point. Here I have an extensive post written about the brushes. I recommend oil painting brushes manufactured by the Rosemary brushes & Co.

    Oil paint mixes with mediums for oil painting. All paints already have some oil mixed into the pigment in your tubes. You need a little bit of medium in the 2nd and subsequent layers of painting to develop transparency and vividness of color. I also use the medium to clean up the brushes during the painting process when I switch between the colors. Clarified, cold press linseed oil is the best for oil painting because it’s stable. One disadvantage, it yellows quite a bit over an extensive period of time. Walnut oil doesn’t yellow. It slows down the drying time of oil paint however. If you’re slow, this is a great medium to work with. I recommend Sennelier Clarified Linseed Oil. Buy a small bottle. It lasts for a very long time.

    Varnishes & palettes

    You’ve got to have medium-toned palette for oil painting. It doesn’t really matter if it’s wood or plastic. What matters is its size and hue. You need a large one to have enough space to mix colors. Medium-toned panels are great since most of the oil painting techniques involve painting on a medium-toned surface (The underpainting in browns or greens or grays preps the painting for color layers). I have a rectangular, 10×14 palette made in Italy –Feather’s touch palette. You’ll find a great selection on this site: https://www.jerrysartarama.com/

    Varnishes come in sprays and liquid form. My absolute favorite is Grumbacher final varnish for oil and acrylic painting, matte. It gives me a very even coat in seconds. Many artists like Gamblin varnishes. Please know that both the surface and space must be super clean! Varnishes attract dust like a magnet and then it’s a pain to remove any tiny hairs from the surface. Usually, you varnish oil paintings in 6 months after painting or you could wait on varnishing your oil painting even longer. Spray two-three times outdoors in low humidity environment.

    Also, have at least one palette knife to mix batches of paint.

    Additional art supplies: https://veronicasart.com/5-great-art-supplies-to-use-in-your-drawing-and-painting/


    video courses by veronica winters
    Check out free previews of my video courses here:: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/


    2. Paint everything from life!

    Paint still life with oils from Life. Direct observation is key. There is no better way learning to see how light turns the form!

    Links to how to set up a still life: https://veronicasart.com/how-to-paint-still-life-step-by-step-oil-painting-techniques/

    3. Precise prep drawing is a must to create realistic oil paintings

    oil painting techniques step by step

    Drawing skills are super important! Prepare a full-scale preparatory drawing in accordance with classical oil painting techniques. You can read about it here: https://veronicasart.com/how-to-use-graphite-transfer-paper-to-trace-designs-for-drawing-and-painting/

    4. Direct vs. Indirect painting

    There are different approaches to color mixing in painting. The Impressionists painted without the use of black. Their paintings taught me to see colors in shadows. The old masters painted with black. I don’t know how Velasquez or Caravaggio would work without the use of black. Their high-contrast paintings taught me to focus on placement of shadows, not the details. Vermeer and Ingres have subtle, controlled palettes that reveal beauty through color unity.

    caravaggio wall in borghese gallery-veronica winters art blog
    Caravaggio art takes the entire wall space at the Borghese gallery. Photo: veronica winters


    Direct oil painting technique

    No matter what oil painting style you choose, never put acrylic paint over your oil paint! High-quality acrylic paint is ok underneath the oil paint. Always paint following the fat-over-lean rule with oil paint. Meaning that you start out with very thin paint using no medium and progress painting, building up thicker layers with more oil and linseed oil.

    Direct oil painting technique is oil painting in full color right from the start. It doesn’t have the underpainting layer done in one hue. However, oil painting in full color often has 2-3 layers, depending on the artist’s style of painting.

    Direct painting in full color became very popular among the Impressionists and landscape artists who began sketching outdoors in mid. 19th century. This change happened due to the simplification of the entire manufacturing process of oil paint. Artists could finally buy colors in tubes to carry them around to paint outdoors.

    In this video I explain the difference between direct and indirect ways of painting. These are classical oil painting techniques that can be used in combination to achieve the desired effect.

    Indirect oil painting technique

    Indirect oil painting technique is the most used traditional oil painting method. It’s about creating an underpainting in one color only and then layering the colors in subsequent layers. This method has several variations.

    It could be done in black-and-white (grisaille) or in low chroma greens ( white skin has a lot of green in the shadows). The grisaille oil painting technique allows the artist to develop values in shades of grey.  Values are more important than colors because values express the 3D effect, the illusion of something being round on a flat surface. The same is true for painting in low-chroma green-greys. You can find many classical art studies in art museums when artists painted in grisaille only or made an earlier version of a finished, full-color painting. Ingres comes to mind here.

    ingres odalisque

    Grande Odalisque in Grisaille and full color by Ingres | http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436708

    Here are two versions of the Odalisque painting completed by the 19th century French artist – Ingres. Usually, the grey monochrome painting looks like a finished work of art in its own right. Technically, it’s painted on a tinted, warm brown surface. So this warmth shows through the shades of grey. Every layer must be thoroughly dry before continuing painting. If you paint over the wet layer, you not only mix the colors you don’t want to mix, but also make the paint fragile and easy to crack in the future!

    Grisaille means ‘grey’ in French. It’s an oil painting technique that has been used by artists for centuries. Grisaille means painting in monochrome or shades of grey. Usually it refers to creating underpainting. Sometimes other low chroma colors are added. For example one of the Italian painting techniques is painting in shades of low-chroma green. So shades of grey look greenish (because skin tones in white people look greenish).

    The Ringling museum of art, De Heem, "Still life with parrots"
    The Ringling museum of art, De Heem, “Still life with parrots” | Here you can see grey-green sections in the painting where the color layers wore off to reveal a complete underpainting!
    My grisaille palette is Gamblin titanium white+ ivory black + Burnt Sienna. Burnt sienna is a warm brown that 'warms up' the greys.

    Why do you need to know about this oil painting technique? You learn to see values as opposed to color and to create volume on a flat surface in just two colors! It trains the eye to see and paint a wide range of tones. In classical oil painting training artists painted in greys and then added colors over the underpainting.

    5. Combining the effects: sfumato, glazing & scumbling

    Glazing means applying oil paint very thinly over the dry layer. Glazing gives you the effect of transparency. This technique requires the use of linseed oil or walnut oil to dilute the pigments. Strong paper towel is needed to wipe off some of the paint to create the thinnest layer possible.

    Glazing is useful to unite all shadow areas and to glaze the colors in progression, creating special effects. You can do glazing multiple times when each layer dries completely. Also, know that each new layer darkens the surface. So plan ahead and paint your values a bit lighter, knowing that they’ll be darker via glazing in the end. I show the glazing technique in a short video course painting painting the blue vase.

    Check out my oil painting class here.

    Scumbling means applying light, opaque paint over the previous layer. Scumbling is great to paint fog, mist or to lighten up any area, uniting the surface as well. It’s possible to create fuzziness on the fruit or softness on the cheeks you can observe in classical paintings.

    Astral Dream, close up, oil painting

    Sfumato is an Italian term that means super soft shading. Sfumato gives haze or smoky effect to oil paintings. Leonardo is widely credited for the invention and use of this painting technique. If you look at his late paintings, the transitions between the tones are super soft with no visible edges, especially in the skin tones. The background is hazy.

    Mona Lisa, detail

    You can achieve such effect by carefully blending every new layer of paint with a separate (clean from paint), soft brush. Paint application is different too.

    Why do you need this technique? Objects go out of focus and fade as they recede in space. So you’ve got to soften the edges a lot to show this aerial perspective. Skin tones are also very soft. Personally, I’m far away from this method of painting as I like to have strokes in my paintings but I often look at da Vinci’s work to push myself to create softer shading.

    If you’re interested in da Vinci’s work, I like this wide format, hardcover book by Pietro C. Marani titled “Leonardo da Vinci, the complete paintings.”


    This is one of my most popular videos I made years ago explaining the underpainting techniques, grisaille, glazing, and other color painting techniques.

    One more thing. Paint the same object from different angles and under different lighting conditions. This will help you understand how light turns the form. As you can see painting with oils requires thorough understanding of materials, subject and styles to become good at it. Hope this article gives you plenty of information to start painting with oils like a pro! Thank you for reading and if you’d like to keep in touch you can subscribe to my VIP list or follow my art on Instagram, and YouTube. Good luck!

    To read how to varnish your art, go here: https://veronicasart.com/fixatives-varnishes-what-you-need-to-know-to-preserve-your-art/

    Check out visionary art for sale

    How to use color harmony in colored pencil drawing

    veronica winters colored pencil

    When you begin realistic drawing in colored pencil, artistic aim is to copy what you see in front of you or in your reference. Beginners in colored pencil drawing pay attention to small things like details and textures, and they’re important. However they become truly important only when the basic drawing is in place. If you begin shading one spot and forget about the rest of your composition, you might end up having the colored pencil drawing that has no consistency or unity in color harmony and composition. In this article I’d like to share a few strategies I often employ using color harmony to create mood and atmosphere in colored pencil drawing. Let me give you some ideas how to use color harmony in colored pencil drawing so you can discover your own unique approach to drawing.

    Another extensive article on colored pencil portrait drawing and the use of values and color: https://veronicasart.com/realistic-colored-pencil-portrait-drawing-guide/

    On YouTube: https://youtu.be/kFdssDSWL3c

    Color wheel for colored pencil drawing

    While color wheel isn’t everything for colorful pencil drawing, you do need to know these basic definitions and color triads.

    Definitions:

    • Hue – means color. Red, green, yellow, etc.
    • Value – means how light or dark the shading is.
    • Chroma – is the color’s strength or color intensity. Colors can be super intense or muted.
    • Value – the lightness or darkness of a color.
    • Color Intensity – the saturation or purity of a color.
    • Neutralized color – the color with less intensity that’s either grayed down or mixed with its complement.
    • Local color – the natural color of an object as it appears in daylight (green of the cucumber or blue of the blueberries). Art students see only local colors in objects rather than the colors of light and reflections.
    This is a page from my coloring book titled “How to color like an artist“, in which I explain basic color theory as well. My art instruction book titled “The Colored Pencil Manual” has the entire chapter devoted to color theory for advanced artists.

    I know it’s difficult to remember all the definitions and I strongly recommend buying a color wheel because it’s visual. You can rotate the dial to see complementary colors, triads, etc. I still use it every time I design my colored pencil drawings. You can buy it at any art supply store or on Amazon.

    Color Wheel is available on Amazon.
    • primary colors are red, blue, yellow. If you put all three primary colors (making them equal in intensity) your colored pencil drawing will be screaming with too much color.
    • secondary colors are orange, violet and green. They’re mixed with two primary hues.
    • complementary colors in colored pencil drawing – are opposite each other on the color wheel. Complements intensify each other. You don’t want to have all the complements in one drawing for that reason. Red-Green, Violet-Yellow, Blue-Orange.
    • analogous colors in colored pencil drawing – are hues adjacent to one another on the color wheel.
    Analogous colors: red-red-orange-orange
    Analogous colors: green-green-blue-blue
    • triadic colors in colored pencil drawing –
    • split complementary colors in colored pencil drawing – are the colors on either side of a color’s complement. For instance, if your primary color is blue, your split-complementary colors would be yellow-orange and red-orange. Violet’s complimentary color is yellow, and its split-complementary colors are yellow-green and yellow-orange. Blue-purple and red-purple are split complementary colors. Red and green are opposite each other on the color wheel, so red-orange and blue-green are split complementary colors. Split-complementary colors seem to be less color-intense.

    • tetradic colors in colored pencil drawing – are a color scheme that uses four colors that are equally spaced around the color wheel. The four colors are made up of two sets of complementary colors, which are also known as double complementary colors. To be honest, I don’t think this color scheme is very useful although you can try it of course. I think it’s too many bright colors competing for attention unless you use as single dominant color in this color scheme.
    • monochromatic color harmonies- colors composed of variations of the same hue but different in color intensity and value. Red is a hue. Its monochromatic variant is pink and maroon.
    koh-i-noor colored pencils review
    color wheel_color intensity-color harmony blog
    Color wheel & Color intensity:
    Color Intensity – the saturation or purity of a color. Neutral colors are mostly browns but
    Neutralized color – is any color with less intensity that’s either grayed down or mixed with its complement.

    Colored pencils don’t mix to grey unlike oil, acrylic and watercolor paint. Therefore you need to use grey colored pencils to neutralize the color so that there are 1-3 dominant colors in the picture, and the rest are neutralized. By using the grey colors you create selective focus as well as beautiful, subtle color variations and texture. In the closeup drawing below you can see grayed down fabric. I shaded with some bright hues first and then added light greys over them.
    Blue lily dream, 20x30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters
    Blue lily dream, 20×30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters

    How to use color harmony to create mood and atmosphere in colored pencil drawing

    I’d like to share 5 drawing tips on using color harmony to make your colored pencil drawings more realistic.

    1. Consider overall color harmony design in your colored pencil drawing

    Decide on the overall color theme of your colored pencil drawing. Is it light or dark? Is it monochromatic or in full color? How do you decide? Look at your main reference to see the dominant color. Make that particular color your main focus in colored pencil shading. Everything else should be less color intense to support the dominant color. The color harmony you decide on may not be unique to you but you make it unique by choosing the unusual point of view, stroke or subject. Your choice of a dominant color(s) and contrast determines the mood in the drawing. For example, light blues and pinks look serene, while deep reds and blacks make us feel very differently.

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing-how to use colored pencil for beginners
    If you look carefully, the only dominant color here is light blue-turquoise. Everything else is grayed down using colored pencil shading in greys and less bright hues. The overall theme is light. The dominant color is present throughout the composition. Its reflected in the silver plate. It’s noticeable in the background and crochet.

    2. Test your colors to decide on the best color harmony

    Once you decide on your leading or main colors for your drawing, look at your colored pencils to pick the colors from that color family.

    Test your colored pencils on your drawing paper to have consistent color harmony and shading. If you see lots of blue in your reference, test all your blues to see which ones look similar to your picture. Start testing these colors right next to your reference and you’ll notice that some colors are totally off and don’t look right as your main hue. If you have a big box of colored pencils, you have many similar colors. You don’t need to use them all in one drawing because you can adjust your pencil pressure drawing in one blue to get a range of blue tones that’s similar to a number of various colored pencils.

    colored pencil techniques
    If you’re testing dark blue colored pencils based on your reference, do you see that not all of them fit that particular color range? Many blue colored pencils are too light or too greenish to be considered for the dark blue range.

    3. Keep it simple to create consistent color harmony

    Shade all shadows in one color first. Students love to jump around the picture, using all possible colored pencils to draw the portrait. Instead, pick one color to shade all your shadows first. Colored pencil shading in one color is key to create volume in portrait drawing.

    veronica winters colored pencil
    In this example you can see that I picked a single purple colored pencil to shade the deepest darks first. When I’m done with basic underpainting in one color, I shade with other colored pencils, layering them one by one.

    You can make personal colored pencil drawings by focusing on a familiar subject that has unique story line or idea. For example, we all know how the human heart looks like but by designing my own composition and color scheme, I make my colored pencil drawing look different from everyone else’s.

    blooming heart in steps-veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Here you can see that I used one dominant color – red for the shading of the heart and another one – dark green for the leaves. Because I created this colored pencil drawing on a light grey paper I also marked the highlights with white not to lose them by accident.

    4. Add more tested colors to develop contrast in your color harmony

    Most colors are warm and cool. This includes reds, greens, blues and even greys. Some are neutral like browns. You must consider how light or dark they’re. You can’t create a very dark shadow using light pink. You can’t shade around the highlight with a dark blue ( because dark blue is too dark for shading in the light).

    Build contrast by having a range of tones in your colored pencil drawing going from very light colors to very dark ones. Of course, not all references call for it but keep it as a guideline for your art and colored pencil shading.

    Most colors are warm and cool. This includes reds, greens and blues. Some are neutral like browns. You also must consider how light or dark they’re to build contrast in shading.

    5. Look at your colored pencil drawing from a distance!

    You lose all the details by looking at your art from the distance. You do see the inconsistencies in color, awkward shapes, weak shadows and highlights, or undefined edges.

    If you consider all 5 rules you will be able to draw a photorealistic colored pencil drawing that has unity in color.

    how to draw glass

    On using color harmony to create unique and personal colored pencil drawings

    veronica winters colored pencil art, mushroom heart
    mushroom heart, 10×16, veronica winters colored pencil drawing

    I’d like to share my approach to using color harmony to create unique and personal colored pencil drawings. I think it may be useful for advanced artists interested in colored pencil art.

    veronica winters colored pencil

    #1 Start with a good idea

    Have a good idea in mind what colored pencil drawing you want to create. The idea is a visual story in color, subject or light. It doesn’t have to be the figure. It could be one object displayed in a unique light, rotation or point of view in artist drawing. This is the artistic vision and interpretation of a “boring” object that becomes fun to look at because of your unique interpretation of it. You can train yourself to see the world more creatively by improving your photography, reading, looking at art masterpieces and contemporary art.

    I have a folder where I save art to learn from done by other artists. I study unique color choices, composition and subject. Sometimes, the subject isn’t new but the approach to drawing it is totally unique.

    veronica winters colored pencil
    lambent space, veronica winters colored pencil drawing, 19x25in

    My idea starts from my imagination, reading, travel, emotions and thoughts. One day I imagined a seated figure with light passing through his body. I also imagined a rain of hearts above the figure. I made notes of this idea on my phone…I wanted to depict energy, chakras and the colors of the Universe in this colored pencil drawing of Buddha. I came home and started thinking of my references to illustrate this concept.

    #2 Pick high-quality references for realistic colored pencil drawing

    At first I wanted to paint a real person but I had no references of the pose. So I browsed pictures from my Thailand trip folder. I saw so many beautiful Buddhas and palaces there…And this green Buddha was made of semitransparent stone that looked like glass.

    You need to pay attention where your references come from. Sometimes you can’t enter competitions drawing from someone else’s photo. Other times, you don’t have an emotional connection to the picture which is not yours. Or you need to get a photo release that takes time and effort. Personally I try to use my references but when it’s impossible to do, I go to Pixabay to find inspiration and you can too! Pictures are of high-quality and free for commercial use. The only problem with them is that they’re Photoshoped heavily. You must see if you have enough information to draw from as most filters remove warm/cool contrast from pictures.
    
    
    This is my original idea designed in Photoshop. I used a combination of my pictures to illustrate the visual reference to draw from. As you can see I made considerable changes to the final drawing.

    Picking the right references is not enough. They need to “connect” with each other in light and color temperature.

    I always design my images around the main subject. I place it first and put smaller shapes around it. In this example, the largest shape is Buddha’s image and my design revolves around the figure. I used the ruler to make straight lines and place the hearts. I cut a heart-shaped template to have a consistent shape in my colored pencil drawing. I use Photoshop to plan the design as much as possible by layering and moving elements around the main figure to arrive at a perfect composition.

    step-by-step drawing on canson colorline paper

    #3 Decide on your color harmony in colored pencil drawing

    This drawing has quite sophisticated color scheme. My color harmony is a combination of cool red, green and cool, bluish white.

    My tip is to focus on picking 1-2 main colors in your color harmony. It doesn’t mean that you use just two colored pencils for that. It means that you pick the basic scheme, say, ‘yellow-purple’ and design your colored pencil drawing in these colors. The rest of them should be grayed down or become less prominent to support the main hues.
    

    #4 Pick the right toned paper for your specific color harmony

    veronica winters colored pencil
    lambent space, veronica winters colored pencil drawing, 19x25in

    I love drawing on Canson Colorline paper because it comes in a variety of bright colors. The texture is not overwhelming and colored pencils become very vibrant drawing on this paper. (I’m linking to this paper on Amazon but I find that DickBlick has better choices).

    Once you picked you main color scheme, say ‘yellow-purple’, look at the color of your drawing paper. In general, don’t draw on yellow paper if your main color is ‘yellow’. Don’t draw on a purple drawing paper if your main color is ‘purple’. Pick the opposite color of paper (like green or orange) and test the colored pencils on it. Test a few colored pencils on it to see how either vibrant or dull they’re. Some colors may disappear on colored paper and others would be super bright.

    #5 Have consistent shading in your colored pencil drawing

    Begin shading the shadows first using one color. Don’t jump around the picture with many colors. Pick one color and shade all the darks with it. Mark the highlights with white colored pencil (or reserve the space for your highlights if you draw on white paper). Lastly, shade the middle tones connecting the darks with the lights.

    Shade with the softest colored pencils, filling in large areas. If you start working with harder colored pencils like Polychromos, it might be frustrating to fill in large space. I save a lot of time and hustle for myself by drawing with the softest pencils like Prismacolor Premier and Luminance or Pablos, and then switching to harder pencils like Polychromos to work on the details in my colored pencil drawing.

    Have fun creating your super vibrant colored pencil drawings with beautiful and unique color harmonies!

    buddha art-veronica winters colored pencil
    Lambent space, veronica winters colored pencil drawing, 19x25in, Canson Colorline drawing paper, lightfast colored pencils ( Faber-Castell Polychromos, Luminance and Prismacolor Premier colored pencils)

    You can learn a lot more about color and color harmonies by taking my video course where I explain the properties of color and how you can design your images around color. I share my secret picking a perfect color scheme for my colored pencil drawings every time.

    Design your perfect color harmony by taking this course:
    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/p/color-crush-course-for-colored-pencil-artist-by-veronica-winters

    Colored pencil drawing on Ampersand pastelbord

    This board could be an alternative to drawing on colored paper but you must consider the disadvantages working on it in colored pencil.

    I like to experiment with different surfaces drawing in colored pencil, searching for the most archival support for my art. Since most people find the colored pencil work inferior to oil painting and even pastel painting, finding the right, archival surface takes the fear away from your clients who wish to buy your artwork otherwise.

    This slightly sanded, colored pastelbord by Amersand is similar to the 800 grit Uart paper, which is great for soft pastel painting. Just like the Uart paper, the pastelbord has similar advantages and disadvantages to using it in colored pencil drawing.

    Advantages:

    • Ampersand offers a nice variety of colors: sand, dark green, white, gray, and other neutral colors. It takes much less time to shade on colored surface rather than on white.
    • Artworks look vivid drawn on this board.
    •  This archival surface is durable. It doesn’t bend or crumble, stays flat at all times.
    • It offers easy display without glass. Just make sure you fix your art beforehand with 3 layers of final fixative. Now you have neither glass reflections nor scare to transport the art!
    • The Ampersand pastelbords come in standard sizes that makes it super easy to frame them!

    Disadvantages:

    • Colored pencil shading on pastelbord is limited. It accepts few layers of pigment.
    • It “eats” my colored pencils. If you buy expensive, lightfast pencils, they don’t last long drawing on this surface, and you’d have to replenish them quite often.
    • It’s best to use harder pencils on these boards. I use Pablos to fill in all the detail.
    • The boards cost more than the average drawing paper, of course.

    rose colored pencil by veronica winters
    Pink rose, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on pastelbord, in private collection
    peacock feathers
    Peacock feathers, 5×7 inches, lightfast colored pencils on pastelbord, in private collection

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!
    One mistake every beginner makes!

    Art Supplies:

    Colored Pencils:

    Drawing paper:

    Spray fixative for drawings:

    Other art supplies:

    Tombow mono eraser: https://amzn.to/3yOVmMT

    I’m an Amazon affiliate. You can find these brands at other art supply sites as well.

    Colored pencil drawing on UART Paper: pros and cons to consider in your colored pencil shading

    my-mother- -veronica-winters
    My mother, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on uart paper, private collection

    As I like to experiment with new art supplies once in a while, I gave a try using the UART premium sanded pastel paper. It comes in various grits and feels like a real sandpaper. It’s finest grit is 800, which is advertised as a perfect surface for colored pencil drawing.

    All the drawings you see here were done on 800 grit paper, tan hue. This paper is produced for pastel painting and the 800 grit is made for colored pencil drawing. But is it really that perfect? Many artists say it’s their absolute favorite, but I found several considerable challenges working on it. Let me explain.

    UART Paper review

    a closeup of a drawing done on uart paper, 800 grit

    Challenges & solutions:

    1. The surface is not smooth enough for colored pencil drawing. The 800 grit makes the strokes look very textural, even when the colored pencil point is super sharp.
    The solution isn’t using a paper stump for blending, rather applying Gamsol. It really “calms down” the surface and makes it a lot easier to shade with colored pencils after that. Gamsol melts the wax in pencils, spreads it around, and gives a painterly effect to my first layer.

    Warning: if you are a beginner, you might be seriously frustrated with the result, because Gamsol creates loose edges on this paper, and its hard to keep the outlines intact with such approach.
    veronica winters colored pencil
    Nymph, colored pencil on uart paper, 9×12 inches

    2. So the second solution is to use a soft, clean brush and blend the entire surface with it. Fix this layer with a fixative, wait till it dries and continue working on it shading in colored pencil.

    colored pencil drawing
    Steps: 1. Here you can see the paper’s texture when I drew with colored pencil on it. 2. Here you see the painterly effect that happens when I use Gamsol over it. 3. Here you see me work on the eyes with the colored pencil again, after the first layer has dried.

    3. It’s easy to make and to spread dirt on paper. This is the case when you begin shading in colored pencil, especially if you use dark colors. The solution: Use the kneaded eraser to pick up the smudges and put a piece of paper underneath the palm of your hand.

    4. UArt paper "eats" up your pencils because the sanded surface has a lot of texture. The solution: test your colored pencils to see which ones respond better to this paper. I find that Prismacolors and Pablos work well. You can blend them with a solvent, and continue shading with soft colored pencils over this layer. Another option is to work with Polychromos because they blend and behave like soft pastels. They're quite hard, so they last longer shading on uart paper.
    
    colorful-dreams-sm-veronica-winters-colored-pencil

    5. Details. After the paper dries (if you use solvents), it’s much easier to continue doing colored pencil shading. However, if you have small details like the eyes or finger nails, etc., it requires precision and patience to fill those details well. I use Polychromos colored pencils for shading the details.
    The solution: the solution is to draw larger in colored pencil. In this post you see several drawings completed on 800 grit uart paper. With my third drawing done on this paper titled the “Colorful dreams,” it became much easier to shade because I increased the scale of the portrait. The eyes are not as small in this drawing as in my previous attempts. Still, it was taking a lot more time to fight with the surface’s roughness as opposed to working on smooth Stonehenge.

    6. Pretty pricey paper. Selling at nearly $40 for 10-9×12 sheets per pack, you really can’t allow yourself to screw up at all. UArt paper on Amazon.

    nicaraguan-boy-sm-veronica-winters-colored-pencil
    Nicaraguan boy, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on UART 800 grit drawing paper

    Advantages:

    The more I work on it, the more I like it.

    1. It accepts many layers of pigment, and it’s really great for soft pastel painting! I used to work with soft pastels but switched to colored pencil drawing because I find it more fun and archival.

    2. UART durable surface is much stronger than a regular 80 lb. or even 100 lb. paper. It stays flat at all times.

    3. Colors look much brighter on this paper in comparison to drawing on white paper. Colors pop and look gorgeous!

    4. Accepts various media. You can make a painterly underpainting with the colored pencils and Gamsol, or use the watercolors or watercolor pencils like Neocolor underneath your work as this surface accepts various media. In my drawing titled “My mother” the painterly effect on her leather coat was a happy accident. Once I used Gamsol on dark colors, it melted with the blues I used for the highlights and created the leather coat effect.

    5. The paper is at its best when you work large. I discovered that 9×12″ is just too small to work on subjects with tiny details, like the boy’s face here where I had a hard time keeping up with the anatomic accuracy.

    Because this paper is designed for pastels, the colored pencil shading technique should be close to pastel painting technique. What do I mean by that? Draw from dark to light. Shade with dark pencils first. Fix the layer. Continue shading with lighter colors over it. You’ll see the effect it’s producing. Quite awesome and so different from regular colored pencil drawing on white paper!!

    Hopefully these pros and cons will let you make an informative decision buying the uart paper and having fun with it. 🙂

    Other artists working on this paper:
    Linda Lucas Hardy & Lisa Ober

    video courses by veronica winters
    Check out free previews of my video courses

    If you’d like to take your colored pencil drawing to the next level, check out free previews from my video courses. Click on the image above to learn more!


    Colored pencil shading on uart paper, step-by-step tutorial

    how to draw on uart paper-veronica winters colored pencil
    Cosmic joy, step by step drawing by veronica winters, colored pencil drawing on uart paper

    Here you can see the steps drawing in colored pencil on uart, 800 grit paper.

    1. In the first step I applied major lights and darks very loosely.
    2. In the second step I blended everything with a soft brush. You can see a very dark left corner there. This is how I tested the solvent on it.
    3. In the third step I applied Gamsol over the entire drawing, letting it dry. This is an underpainting.
    4. In the forth step I began layering more color aggressively.

    What I love about this paper that the colors looks super vibrant and I love working from dark to light on it. (I apply much darker colors on purpose to lighten them up in subsequent layers).

    The UArt paper accepts many layers of color. In the final image I use a touch of oil-based paint pen by craftsmart to draw those tiny blue dots. This marker has a pearlescent quality that’s subtle and beautiful. I hope that this short tutorial helps you in your creative pursuits.

    Check out all my colored pencil drawings!

    Mental health, connection & illusion of reality

    On unique perception of reality, emotions and judgment

    Have you experienced talking to someone trying to explain your point of view only to hear these words back – ‘you’re being crazy’, ‘you’re wrong’ and ‘you’re overreacting.’ You try to prove your point but the other side needs a hearing aid to even listen to your opinion. Many people don’t want to hear another side because it will violate their perception, beliefs, order and views of the world. Most people protect their views and can’t stand contradiction because otherwise their way of life can crash down like a card house… 

    Some people don’t want to consider a different point of view because it will destroy their reality or perception of themselves. They don’t want to understand that we all have unique perception of reality and the way we see ourselves isn’t the same as people see us. It turns into endless judgment and debate of your feelings instead of finding mutual understanding and love.

    Sometimes people don’t want to hear the truth because they don’t want their illusions destroyed.

    Friedrich Nietzsche

    On Awareness

    Every person has a unique perception of the world. Therefore, the same daily experiences have different interpretation of reality. One human sees the glass half-empty and another person half-full. If you’re a highly sensitive person you’re able to perceive the world on a much deeper level than other people which affects the level of hurt you experience in childhood and adult life. While most beliefs and perceptions form in childhood, some do change. It depends on your desire to be open to it. Awareness isn’t something that grows quickly and automatically. You have to be open to see beyond your daily experiences and be accepting of the opinions of others. You become more aware of your actions, causes and reactions. You learn to take control of your reactions by having a thorough understanding of your inner life, triggers and pain points. The more you know yourself, the more you understand others.

    blue lily dream-veronica winters colored pencil
    Blue lily dream, 20×30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters | Breath in. Become aware of your feet touching water. Give yourself permission to feel what’s alive around you. Become aware of cosmos that’s inside you. Feel the infinity in a single moment. Step into the river of a creative life force that’s always there. Let your emotions come to the surface to become open to receive guidance. Breath out. Experience all emotions with intensity. Painful. Joyful. Sincere. Allow yourself to let go what’s holding you back in daily life. Discover your true self.

    Being fully aware of our thoughts, actions, feelings, body, intentions and everything that happens around us is being fully conscious. It may be difficult to gain full awareness of a situation or a person we interact with for quite some time until further information comes to light. As time passes fuller awareness emerges with more details and unaccounted points of view that either change the situation some or totally disrupt our understanding of reality.
    People often project their personality and way of thinking onto others. All of us do this. It’s common to act in a certain way expecting the result based on your perception, beliefs and thinking. But the catch is that the other person is not You. So their perception of reality, inner motivation, values and beliefs may be the opposite of yours. What does it mean? It means that we can’t project our character, ethics and morality onto others expecting reciprocity or a positive exchange of energy. The other party would take your actions and deeds to interpret them through their prism of personal beliefs and values. Therefore the final outcome of any interaction is unknown and often not what you would expect to see…
    That’s how we can hurt others and not be aware of it. That’s how others can hurt us and not be aware of it. But that’s also how we can bring something special into someone’s life, enriching our mutual existence with positive energy.

    On YouTube: https://youtu.be/z7bFUwyNXRY

    If you are depressed you are living in the past.
    If you are anxious you are living in the future.
    If you are at peace you are living in the present.

    Lao Tzu

    On mental illness

    I believe mental illness is grossly misunderstood. The very definition implies that people must be shamed because they are considered being crazy although mental illness is a lot more complicated and nuanced than that. “Mental illness” is a brain-heart-and-body response to adversity, emotional or physical abuse. It’s a distress signal, not craziness.

    blooming heart colored pencil drawing by veronica winters-15.5x25
    blooming heart colored pencil drawing by Veronica Winters | Check out visionary art for sale: https://veronicasart.com/


    Depression, PTSD, anxiety and some other disorders happen to intelligent and talented people who function in our society the way ‘normal’ people are expected to behave. “Illness” develops inside a person’s mind and heart because of traumatic conditions. These include emotional and physical abuse in the family as well as traumatic events like car accidents, fire, failure at work, military combat, rape, etc. People learn to suppress their emotions when they served in the military or were raised in families that didn’t care much for child’s emotional well-being. When children are deprived of love and acceptance by parents they grow up starving for those feelings, still trying to conform to norms and expectations set within the family unit. Many people hide their emotions not to be shamed or called crazy because what they feel is not joy. These are thoughts of death, grief, and feelings of loneliness, emptiness, abandonment, worthlessness and numbness. Is it really crazy to feel what was perpetuated by others? Pain comes from rejection, disregard, shame, submission, disconnect and absence of love.


    There are moments when depression happens to “happy” people because of personal failure at work, cheating of a spouse, death in the family, childbirth or divorce. Are those people mental or simply confused by life’s challenges? Reasons can be very different but the end result is the same. Depression.
    Why are you mental if you were abused as a child, harassed as a teen or ignored as an adult? While it’s important not to be stuck in a victimhood mindset, you shouldn’t be marginalized, named or punished some more for the injustice that has already been served to your heart.

    How to take control of your life

    It’s important to become aware of these challenges to take control of your life because it’s you who changes the game. You need to grow new, green brunches in your heart to replace the dead ones. We all want to be loved but we need to learn to love ourselves first. Suffering can end with you taking small steps towards learning to love yourself, paying attention to your needs and finding support in circles, books, podcasts, music, dance, martial arts, yoga, drawing or whatever else that helps you heal and grow. Have an activity that helps you feel joy. Do it daily even if it takes just a few minutes of your busy day. Record your progress and thoughts in a notebook or in art sketches. Find new friends and activities that nurture your soul. Repeat. Repeat until the day you begin to feel joy and love.

    It’s also a beautiful experience to find someone to love. When you’re in deep pain, it’s hard to get out of a dark pit to love anything or anybody. However, by becoming aware of your shadow and trying to take control over your daily routine, you can slowly change that. Giving love to somebody is a transformational experience that makes you feel warm and fulfilled. This is how you find connection to your soul and light. Also, be mindful of your thoughts and aim to replace or dismiss the negative ones. If you become aware of your angry, self-diminishing thoughts about yourself, would you direct them at your best friend? Probably not. So, why are you telling those thoughts to yourself? We are often more cruel and unkind to ourselves. By learning to be kind to our own heart and mind first, we can be kind to others. Over time we can spread our joy and laughter and help others heal as well.

    I framed this colored pencil drawing using a real wood frame without the mat. It also has UV, non-glare plexi and acid free backing

    3 undeniable reasons to visit the Wurzburg Residence & the Mirror Cabinet in Germany

    My husband and I traveled the romantic road in Germany and this palace was a great start. The Würzburg Residence’s exterior is reminiscent of French Chateau architecture and features opulent rooms in Baroque and “Würzburg rococo” styles. It’s a feast for the eyes if you feel inspired by the visual beauty. Constructed in the 18th century, this architectural marvel emerged from the genius of Balthasar Neumann. Unlike many other European palaces, the Würzburg Residence was built in its entirety within one generation.

    #1 A perfect blend of Baroque architecture and Rococo style

    Commissioned by Prince-Bishop Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn (reigned 1755-1779), the Würzburg Residence is a must-see palace! Its so beautiful and the Mirror Cabinet is one-of-a-kind room that I’ve never seen before. It features exuberant decoration of white stucco, gold leaf, sculpture, color and the reverse glass painting giving the room magical appeal. Nearly demolished during the World War II, it was reconstructed to its former glory of lavish opulence.

    wurzburg palace room-veronica winters art blog

    The court architect, Balthasar Neumann (born in 1687) oversaw the construction project that would span nearly 24 years. Neumann, merged the elements of Baroque and Rococo styles in one palace. Neumann worked with top architects of Germany and France – Lucas von Hildebrandt, Maximilian von Welsch, Robert de Cotte and Germain Boffrand, and many artists under the guidance of Antonio Bossi. Johann Wolfgang van der Auwera from Würzburg and Georg Adam Guthmann were the gifted sculptors and woodcarvers, and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo painted the frescoes in the 18th century.

    wurzburg palace -veronica winters art blog

    What is the difference between Baroque style and Rococo?

    Baroque art is a style of art that originated in Italy in the late 16th century and spread throughout Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It’s known for its dramatic, emotional, exuberant impact and exaggerated movement of figures. Baroque artists used a variety of techniques to create their art, including exaggerated movement, high contrast, twisting and turning figures and elements, and rich color palettes. Baroque architecture and art features the opulence and exuberance that contrasts medieval modesty in art.

    Rococo style is a later development of Baroque art that emerged in France in the early 18th century. It’s known for its lightness, elegance, and playfulness. Rococo artists often used soft, pastel colors, curved lines, and elaborate ornamentation in their works similar to the Baroque art.

    This table summarizes some of the key differences between Baroque art and Rococo style:

    CharacteristicBaroque artRococo style
    Time period17th and 18th centuries18th century
    OriginItalyFrance
    Overall styleDramatic, emotional, and grandioseLight, elegant, and playful
    Subject matterOften religious, but also mythological and historicalOften secular, depicting scenes of everyday life and leisure
    Color paletteRich and vibrantSoft and pastel
    Lines and shapesBold and angularCurved and delicate
    OrnamentationElaborate and ornateMore restrained and elegant

    Some examples of Baroque art include:

    • The Rape of the Sabines by Peter Paul Rubens
    • The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Gian Lorenzo Bernini
    • The Palace of Versailles in France
    • The Trevi Fountain in Rome

    Some examples of Rococo style include:

    • The Swing by Jean-Honoré Fragonard
    • The Pilgrimage to Cythera by Antoine Watteau
    • The Amalienburg in Munich
    • The Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna

    #2 The beauty of reverse glass painting at the Mirror Cabinet

    wurzburg palace-mirror cabinet-veronica winters art blog
    The Mirror cabinet at the Würzburg Residence is a stunning room of art I haven’t seen anywhere else in Europe.

    The recreation of the Mirror Cabinet

    If you walk through the rooms, you’ll see pictures taken after the WWII showing the ruins of the city. The palace was reconstructed based on written materials, fragments and drawings.

    The precious wall decoration of the Mirror Cabinet with the reverse glass painting created in 1740-1745 was almost completely destroyed in 1945. Only the furniture, the chandeliers and two door wings had been stored beforehand in a safe place. Since the glass plates had been plastered directly onto the wall, the first one had broken when an attempt was made to remove it. The reconstruction was based primarily on this original fragment, an extremely detailed painting of the room by Georg Dehn and numerous color slides taken by Carl Lamb in 1944.

    From 1979-1987 it was thus possible to recreate the entire interior, imitating the old techniques. The stuccowork alone took 27,000 hours to complete, while the gilders spent 30,000 hours applying 2.5 kilos of gold leaf. The artist Wolfgang Lenz reconstructed the complex reverse glass painting.

    On 16 March 1945 Würzburg suffered the same fate as Rotterdam, Coventry, Hamburg or Dresden. Within 17 minutes, 225 Lancaster bombers of the Royal Air Force dropped about 400 tones of high-explosive bombs and more than 300,000 stick-type incendiary bombs. Würzburg was razed to the ground by a gigantic storm of fire; 90 per cent of the historic city center was destroyed, and at least 5000 people were killed. But this was not the end of the war. Before American Forces reached the banks of the River Main below Marienberg Fortress on 2 April, the German Armed Forces blew up all bridges and prepared to defend the ruins of the city. Only after heavy artillery fire and three days of fierce fighting, with numerous military and civilian casualties, were American troops able to capture the whole of Würzburg on 6 April 1945.

    Source: taken from the writing at the museum

    The reverse glass painting:

    Mirror Cabinet mirrors by Johann Michael Feuchtmeyer, closeup at the Würzburg Residence

    What is the reverse glass painting?

    The Reverse glass painting, also known as verre églomisé, is a traditional decorative art technique where a design is painted on the backside of a piece of glass or glass plates, typically using oil or acrylic paints. The term “reverse” comes from the fact that the painting is viewed through the glass from the front, which is the opposite of traditional painting on canvas or other surfaces. The technique allows for a unique luminosity and depth to the colors due to the transparency of the glass, creating a distinct visual effect. To create a reverse glass painting, the artist begins by tracing a design onto the back of a piece of glass. The design is then painted in reverse order, starting with the smallest and most detailed elements and working towards the background. Once the painting is complete, the glass is flipped over, varnished and framed so that the image can be viewed from the front.

    wurzburg palace
    Wurzburg Reference | A closeup of the reverse glass painting recreated in the Mirror Cabinet at the Residence.

    The history of reverse glass painting can be traced back to at least the 10th century in China. The earliest known examples of reverse glass paintings from China are religious icons, which were often used to decorate temples and shrines. Reverse glass painting was also popular in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. During this time, it was used to create religious stained glass windows, devotional panels, and mirrors. In the 17th and 18th centuries, reverse glass painting became increasingly popular as a folk art form. It was especially popular in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland, where it was used to create decorative objects for the home, such as clocks, picture frames, and furniture.

    #3 Artistic inspiration behind opulent rooms & gardens

    The Würzburg Residence reminded me of the Hermitage and the Catherine Palace with its Grand Staircase consisting of twisting figures and white staircase. Designed by the court architect-Neumann, the rooms have unique coloring of light, gentle hues and absolutely gorgeous stucco work. Paired with crystal chandeliers and frescoes, this palace stands at par with top palaces found in Europe.

    wurzburg palace 7-veronica winters art blog
    You can find White Hall statues by Johann Peter Wagner & the Tiepolo frescoes at the Residence.

    The Imperial Hall features stunning celestial frescoes by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. The Court Chapel consists of Baroque-style columns, sculpture and art that seem to be transported from the St. Peter’s Basilica’s interior. Lavish, ethereal creations created by artist- Antonio Giuseppe Bossi- take a while to process because of its beautiful interplay of light and shadow, color and air.

    The Court Chapel at the Wurzburg Residence

    The 3-D floor design:

    Found in the Green Lacquered Room, the three-dimensional parquet design is a fascinating circular pattern of inlaid light and dark exotic woods. The floor was destroyed completely in the WWII and it took years to understand the pattern to reconstruct it out of 8 different kinds of woods. The floor design is similar to the Italian designs found in other European palaces.

    The Garden of the Residence

    Don’t forget to visit beautiful garden of the Residence by Balthasar Neumann designed during the reign of the Prince Bishop of Würzburg, Adam Friedrich von Seinsheim. Created by the Johann Prokop Mayer (1735-1804), the grounds are reminiscent of French design. It’s well-maintained and is a nice spot to take pictures.

    Würzburg Residence tickets and parking: There is a large parking lot available in front of the Residence. Plus street parking is easy too. I visited the palace in early September 2023 and it wasn’t crowded at all. The single adult ticket was under $10 and they give great discounts to children, students, etc. They don’t allow any kind of bag/backpack inside the palace and so you need to have one euro to use their free locker. The administration also offers Würzburg Residence tours.

    Official website of the palace: https://www.residenz-wuerzburg.de/englisch/residenz/index.htm

    Address: Residenzpl. 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany

    Photo credit:

    All photos are taken by Veronica Winters posted with permission of the Bavarian Palace Administration. No copying or re-print is allowed without a written permission from both parties. Courtesy of the Bavarian Palace Administration www.schloesser.bayern.de

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    Collective consciousness

    illusion 24x36 oil on panel--veronica winters painting
    illusion 24×36 oil on panel

    Some day I will disappear. Family, relatives, friends and people I passed by once will also be gone in a few decades. Strangers will occupy our homes, jobs and aspirations. My memories will end along with my art. We all come and go like tiny specks of the universe. So what’s the reason for people to want more power, influence, and reaches?

    We all should live in fair comfort of course, but we run for greater success and importance. Many of us are workaholics feeling uncomfortable in stillness. Some hate their jobs but feel determined to continue living in the grind. Others drift without a direction, hope or love. Everyone complains about the lack of time to do something good. Yet we all have the same 24 hours in day.

    If we all considered the nature of life in the universe, we would rebalance our priorities and outcomes. We would pay more attention to our inner life and our relationships with others. We would value even silly moments spent with friends and family . We would feel love more often. We would find joy in warm hugs and grey clouds. We would pay more attention to a beautiful light swirling in our morning coffee. We would see magic in a brisk walk in the woods. We could keep more joy in our hearts, yet we open spaces for envy and hate.

    Artists try to rebalance the universe. Fill it with light and beauty while the psychopathic people govern with lust for more control, power and wealth. Most people can grow beautiful flowers of joy inside their hearts, awakening to their full consciousness, sociopathic personalities can’t.

    The easiest thing to do is to sit on the bleachers and complain. If you don’t like something in your life, change it (It wasn’t me who said the last two sentences. Rather the president of the Oklahoma State University at my graduation in 2003). Accept help from people around you or offer it to others if you see it’s needed. We have a chance to create harmony and peace collectively. We still have the time.

    veronica winters painting
    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!
    How to improve art skills by taking great pictures for colored pencil drawing and painting

    How to take great pictures for colored pencil drawing and painting

    If artists paint in figurative realism style, most rely on photography these days. Model fees, time constraints, lighting and studio conditions – all add up in a puzzle we have to organize and manage, if we paint from life. While painting from life is a must for realist artists to get the skill going, perfecting photography is also a necessary skill. Because colored pencil drawing is such a slow medium to work in, almost all artists rely on their references to create art as opposed to drawing from life. Sometimes it takes weeks to complete one colored pencil drawing, and we have to rely on our photo reference to capture story, composition, design, color, and details. That’s why great photography becomes key to artistic success. Let’s master it!

    How to take great pictures suitable for colored pencil drawing and painting

    It took me years to understand how to see the light turning the form and how to pick pictures, capturing that light. I used to play with pictures from fashion magazines that looked incredibly beautiful, yet they were missing something I couldn’t quite figure out what. Some were OK for black-and-white drawing but none of them were good for oil painting. Why?

    All magazine pictures are Photoshoped heavily, getting rid of important information necessary for artists to capture the form realistically. First, the Photoshop filters and presets get rid of warm/cool balance in skin tones, objects and even backgrounds that we normally see in nature. Second, copyright is a big deal, and we can’t use such images for our art to create the originals. Thirdly, a lot of times the “connection” between the subject and artist is missing. We have no emotional attachment to the photo that’s not ours that results in unfinished or poorly executed art.

    Photo equipment:

    My greatest investment into my studio equipment is my camera Nikon D500 with the interchangeable lenses. The quality of lenses is even more important than the the body itself. The higher the quality, the better the outcome. Over the years I bought several lenses for different tasks.

    • Nikon 105 mm- micro lens for extreme close up photography
    • Nikon Nikkor 85 mm – for portrait photography (that gives no distortion)
    • Sigma 12-24 mm – for interior photography (that has a wide angle with no distortion)
    • Nikon Nikkor 18-200 mm zoom lens – for general photography ( while it’s my heavy duty use lens, it gives the most distortion and requires extra work in Photoshop to even out the perspective, etc. Zoom lens have the most distortion especially noticeable in cityscape photography).

    I also have an inexpensive Westcott reflector kit with multiple colored surfaces (silver, gold, white) that I use for portrait photography at times. I use the reflector to bounce the natural light back onto my model or object that removes harsh shadows or adds more light into the shadows.

    You can also consider buying a backdrop equipment that I don’t need personally because I shoot models in natural environment, and when I do still life photography I make my own light box set up that you’ll see in the article below.

    Besides having excellent equipment you also need to have a good eye to take great pictures, which you develop by studying the art of others and practicing your photography skills.

    Pixabay image

    Advantages of Mastering Photography:

    • It develops your originality and vision.
    • It forces you to extrapolate and focus on what’s important in busy environments.
    • It teaches you to see how light shapes the form
    • The artist is the sole designer and creator of artwork beginning from the very first step of photography.
    • It’s a forgiving medium, giving you many chances to practice at all times. You become attuned to cropping and balancing techniques that artists traditionally use in their paintings.

    Disadvantages of Using Photography:

    • It often flattens out the form to such a degree that you have a hard time re-creating the volume. That’s why it is best to start taking pictures with one directional light source that gives you definite lights and shadows.
    • Camera makes its choice. Even the best cameras don’t capture what you see as an artist, which involves emotion. By working from a picture, artists analyze the subject rather than respond to it freely.
    • There is a lot of distortion in the images depending on the lens and camera you use that is obvious in cityscape photography or in pictures of geometric objects. The same distortion is present in pictures of people or fruit, or whatever subject you have, but our eye doesn’t catch those distortions as quickly as we notice those in linear and geometric forms. Those “unseen” distortions will travel to a student’s drawing when the artist transfers the outlines rather than learns to sketch freehand from his reference.
    • You may have problems with exposure. Use the HDR (high dynamic range) function on your phone to level out the exposure. HDR combines two or three pictures into one automatically, giving you a single balanced shot. HDR function is very handy when the sky looks too bright or the background is so light that it makes your subject appear too dark. • You can take good pictures with your phone, although the quality won’t be the same as shooting with a DSLR (digital single lens reflex) camera. If you shoot with your phone, zoom in on your object as closely as you can. That will blur the background, giving your subject a boost in color and texture.
    colored pencil manual veronica winters
    You’ll find sample photos and more information on mastering the photography in The Colored Pencil Manual as well my Colored Pencil Video Course

    Subjects

    leopard, how to improve art skills
    This image is taken from Pixabay, a free resource for artists to use!

    First of all, decide what you favorite subjects are, and isolate them from busy environments. Here are some ideas for your photography. Close-ups of textured subjects—these can be the most fun, unpredictable subjects for your photography and art.

    They can be reflective surfaces and reflections, fabric patterns and lace, rusted door locks, wood grain, colorful feathers, candy, sliced fruit, marbles, flowers, kitchen utensils or tools, and even mechanical parts of clocks. Other popular subjects are glass; portraiture; animals, birds, and pets; food; florals; seashells and sea life; trees and landscapes.

    Properties of light

    Your goal of shooting in the “right lighting conditions” is to beautify your subject and to bring the best out in it. Ask yourself what attracts you to this object. It could be a specific texture, transparency, color, or an abstract pattern of light and shade that you see. You need to figure out what you love about your subject and how you can highlight its most attractive qualities in a specific light. If your subject looks boring in a picture, chances are that the lighting conditions were boring at the time it was shot.

    Light temperature:

    starfish, how to take good pictures
    In this picture the evening light is warm (yellow) and the shadows are cool (blue).

    The light can be either warm or cool. In the beginning it may be difficult to spot the difference, but if you ask yourself if it is yellowish or bluish, it makes more sense. Fluorescent lights tend to be cooler, while the tungsten lights are warmer. In nature, you see a beautiful golden light twenty minutes before the sunset. The light temperature affects how you see the colors and how they unify everything in the image. You also use the light temperature to understand the color on your subject: if the light is cool, it gives cool lights and warm shadows. If the light is warm, it gives you warm lights and cooler shadows.

    Quality of light:

    This picture has a soft, diffused light throughout. While the picture looks like fun to draw, it would be much harder for a beginning artist to create volume and to turn the form using this kind of lighting. (Pixabay image)

    Natural light is the most beautiful light we have as artists. While the soft, diffused light may give the artist beautiful, soft skin tones in portrait photography or a dream-like mist in a landscape, this light is difficult to master for a beginner who is shooting pictures of glass, fruit, or flowers. The glass loses its sparkle and reflections, the fruit doesn’t have the volume or shadows, and flowers appear quite bleak. That’s because the diffused light gives you very soft, almost unnoticeable shadows and highlights, which, in turn, are difficult to reproduce in art for a student. Whatever the light temperature is, the goal is to avoid getting monotonous images that often happen in diffused light situations when you have an overcast sky.

     

    Light direction and shadows:

    how to improve art skills
    This teapot has one directional light set up on the right at night. Such light gives strong highlights and shadows that are easier to re-create in a drawing.

    The most effective way to study the light on a form is to have a singular, strong directional light source set up at 45 degrees, which is often called Rembrandt lighting. This light direction creates beautiful highlights and shadows that will add dimension to your objects.

    If you go to an atelier school of classical painting, you’ll see students draw from plaster casts and still lifes set under a single directional light that doesn’t change direction for the entire drawing process. Such setups are vital to an artist’s understanding of how to turn the form. So when you take pictures inside, find and focus on one primary light source, like a table lamp, and consider its strength. Look at your subject and find definite highlights and shadows on and under it because it will give you this 3-dimensional quality you want to re-create in your drawing.

    Set up a strong directional light drawing people. In this example the David’s Eye sculpture looks very three-dimensional because of the directional light that makes the forms pop.

    In my video course I teach how to take your colored pencil drawing to the next level including set up and photography. Watch a video preview here:

    Depth of field:

    Shallow depth of field allows you to capture your object in a sharp focus, blurring the rest of the image. A soft background supports the focal point rather than competing with it. When you have a high depth of field set at f16 on your camera, everything is in focus, and oftentimes the image will look too busy and indistinguishable from other elements in the background where everything competes with each other. Always think what you’d like to focus on, then make it your priority by zooming in or fixing the depth of field.

    Zoom in, keep it simple & use negative space as a design element:

    crystal pitcher colored pencil drawing
    This is a crystal pitcher colored pencil drawing. The background (negative space) becomes part of the design in the artwork.

    Background affects the edges and creates abstract shapes. As a beginner, stick to plain backgrounds to isolate your subject and to show contrast. After a while you can start playing with the color and complexity of your negative space as well.

    Use backgrounds and boxes for staged photography:

    light box still life set up
    Light box still life set up

    If you don’t want to buy a light box, you can make a very simple setup next to your window. Use colorful but plain matboards, fabric, or paper as your choices. The result is a single image with a beautiful, natural directional light, a shadow, and a white or color background all around it.

    Avoid flash photography:

    Flash destroys the natural flow of light and its shadows. It flattens out the object and gives you strange, unnatural colors. Professional photographers know how to rotate their flash unit to get the right position of the flash, but most of us don’t!

    Prioritize values over color:

    When a student is learning to draw and paint, it is difficult to translate hues to tones. Convert your photos into greyscale to see values. Most students end up with middle-toned drawings because of weak contrast.

    Well, I hope this article helps you to shoot beautiful pictures as references for your art!

    video courses by veronica winters
    Check out free previews of my video courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    How to start your own art collection: 3 powerful reasons to collect art today

    underwater painting of woman veronica winters painting
    Descend, oil painting on canvas, 36×48 inches, Veronica Winters

    Thanks to the pandemic, art collecting has become a prominent topic in the past two years. The online art market is growing and young art collectors want to buy art with a click of a button instead of going through art shopping in snobby art galleries. Mature art collectors prefer gallery visits to make their decision about the art purchase. No two art collectors are alike.

    There are several types of art collectors living today since there are many valid reasons to collect art. These reasons could include personal attachment, vanity or desire to impress others, passion to own art, social purpose, home decoration, emotional healing, feeling empty or incomplete without the wall art. Some art collectors make their purchase decisions based on their taste and budget. And there are those who collect art as an investment. Who are you? My guess is that many people who search for advice in art collecting actually search for ways to understand how to buy the best artists out there as an investment. So in this article you’ll find different strategies and reasons for art collecting.

    1. Art collecting as decoration, attachment and altruism

    If you want to buy art to support the living artists and help your community flourish, you do buy art based on your taste, focusing on what you like (which is generally suggested by all art consultants, gallery owners and online art market places). In the process you do learn to curate your taste, educating yourself about art history movements, styles of art, and contemporary art market. You collect art that inspires you or makes you think. You collect art that turns your empty wall space into another world you wish to inhabit. You don’t really need any art advisors or gallerists for decision-making in this regard. You make decisions based on your taste and joy of art collecting.

    You may want to decorate your home and office and thus consider art size and color when purchasing art. You might have a lot of passion collecting art because paintings that you buy give you feeling of peace or remind you about a person, emotion or place. You may find yourself inspired and rejuvenated by looking at paintings in your living room or bedroom every day. (If you need tips how to arrange art for display based on your space, go here: https://veronicasart.com/6-tips-for-arranging-wall-art-in-your-home/

    If you love the art and believe in an artist and collect him or her, your purchase satisfies your need and passion for art ownership. However, you can also consider the fact that another important collector may already have the artist you bought in his art collection that would be gifted to the museum at some point. Also some fairly unknown artists could sip into museums and corporate art collections over time.

    2. Art collecting as an investment

    If you want to buy art as pure investment, most artists are bad investment. Yes, you may be lucky. You buy a random artist you like and turn the painting over in an auction a few years later. But in most cases it doesn’t happen. If you want to collect art as an investment, your decision will be based not on the quality of art. It doesn’t matter how good or bad the painting is. You must purchase artists based on their fame. Obviously, a substantial financial gain is your main goal collecting art.

    How to collect hot, emerging artists

    If you want to collect art of emerging artists who don’t sell for millions just yet, you need to look at their network, not the art per se. Artists must be under 35 and be promoted and represented in the top galleries in New York as well as pushed by the non-profits and art museums of New York, mainly MOMA, Guggenheim, Whitney and Gagosian Gallery. Hence, the popularity of the artist largely depends on the network the artist is in. Where does this information come from? You can read the book by Magnus Resch “How to become a successful artist.” He publishes other books in this space and lectures in the ivy-league schools. He also produced his own online courses about art collecting. So if you plan to collect art as an investment or speculation, your read stops here. You find the Magnus’ website online, take his $1000 course and start collecting emerging artists as pure investment.

    Who are those hot, established, famous artists?

    Established or the blue-chip artists today include Picasso, Basquiat, Warhol. The price for their artwork keeps rising steadily, leaving everyone else in the dust. Post-war artists like Rothko sell well. Some 19-th century art, a few old masters and some contemporary artists are considered a good investment like Banksy,

    • Kaws
    • Hirst
    • Rashid Johnson
    • Andy Warhol
      Jean-Michel Basquiat
      George Condo
      Picasso
      Yayoi Kusama
      Keith Haring
      Ed Ruscha
      David Hockney
      Roy Lichtenstein
      Damien Hirst
      Edgar Plans
      Jordy Kerwick
      Harland Miller
      Javier Calleja
      Yoshimoto Nara
      Szabolcs Bozo
      Jordi Ribes
      Hebru Brantley
      Jonas Wood

    The truth about the art market today is that although the top artists and their works keep rising in price, the overall art market is in a long-term decline according to the data collected by Resch. This means that everyone is trying to invest in those top famous, ‘hot’ artists while the rest of the art market is stuck in limbo. Small art galleries often go out of business quickly. Medium-size galleries cover their overhead costs with few of them churning considerable profit. As a result of this, “the winner takes it all” mentality applies to art business as well. And the winners are the top 4 art galleries – Houser & Wirth, Gagosian, Pace Gallery and David Zwirner art gallery.

    Not everyone can afford buying his next blue chip artist because those artists sell for hundreds of thousand and even millions of dollars. An alternative to art collecting of hot names is to invest in fractional shares of the most famous artists or art collections. Some companies like Masterworks allow you to invest in their collections by buying a small stake in their art that’s similar to owning shares of a company.

    While Asian art collectors buy art as an investment only, the American and English markets are quite different where people buy art for other reasons but investment, which leads us to the next reason to collect art.

    3. Art collecting as an adventure and legacy

    If you want to enrich your soul and collect art with purpose, you can become an art collector with the goal of leaving legacy in this world. Your desire is to give back to the community because you understand the importance of art in shaping culture and humanity.

    You can build an art collection that becomes influential by itself in a decade or two of art collecting without collecting heavily promoted or already “hot” artists. When your art collection has a specific purpose that’s larger than life, it can potentially have social impact for generations to come.

    Look at the art collections of the past that comprise the art museums today. Those wealthy art collectors thought of the importance of the arts and built their collections to leave legacy. Mammontov, Tretyakov were Russian industrialists who collected the best realist artists working at the moment. Today you can view their collections in art museums in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia. The Flaglers, Sacklers, Gertrude Stein, Peggy Guggenheim and many more were American art collectors. The Medici family and the Italian papacy commissioned one of the best artworks in the world. Kings and queens in European countries amassed great art collections that can be enjoyed by everyone visiting art museums and palaces these days.

    5 Art collecting tips:

    What do you need to start collecting art?

    • Set a budget.
    • Visit artists’ studios, fairs and shows.
    • Educate yourself about the art styles of the past and present as well as art trends.
    • Decide what style of art you love or wish to collect.
    • Have focus on the art style and some goal in mind.
    • Collect art direct from artists by contacting them on social media like Instagram or Facebook.
    connection-oil on canvas-24x36 inches-veronica winters
    connection, oil on canvas, 24×36 inches, veronica winters

    Consider other costs to start collecting art

    Art collecting is fun and it’s exciting to bring new artwork home. Overtime your art collection may become of considerable size. As a result you may face considerable storage costs, art consultant fees, fees to sell or acquire fine art, taxes and insurance to pay to preserve the blue chip paintings and sculpture.

    If your art collection grows and becomes quite extensive you have to consider how you’re going to live with the collection and what happens when you’re no longer here. Relatives don’t usually have the same passion for the arts and it’s your job to find the placement for your art collection if you want to keep it together. This leads to questions about the estate planning. This foundation has great resources about estate planning that you could find here: https://www.joanmitchellfoundation.org/professional-development. Scroll down to see all the documents.

    I hope this article brings you much closer to start collecting art! Visit my art store to pick your favorite painting or email me your questions.

    Other articles that might interest you:

    John Dalton-accelerate your creative vision-hooked-on-art-podcast

    Accelerate your creativity with John Dalton

    Irish artist, John Dalton is an accomplished writer, podcaster and craniosacral therapist. He is the host of two podcasts – “Further Emergence” and “John Dalton Gently Does it”. “Further Emergence” focuses on topics of spirituality and emotion, while “John Dalton Gently Does It” is dedicated to interviews with contemporary figurative artists. John has an extensive experience working in the field of craniosacral therapy as he founded the Australian Institute of Cranio Sacral Therapy in 1998.

    Dalton’s books include “The Gentle Snap,” “Maya Noise,” “Why Do We Get Sick? Why Do We Get Better? – A Wellness Detective Manual” and “But then again . . .” available on Amazon.

    To contact John: https://www.johndalton.me/ | https://www.furtheremergence.com/

    John is a kind and sensitive person who shares his views on art and life. We discuss his background in animation and therapy. He shares his observations about artists in regards to self-doubt, financial pressure, and art contests. John advises how artists can improve upon their art submissions. He also shares his thoughts on the comparison game, affirmations, illusion of reality, hope, loneliness, rejection and reparenting of yourself to get rid of emotional pain.

    The only things that I’ve seen that’s real in existence are communication and love.

    John Dalton

    To watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/yTsQtpfLcbQ

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    5 great art supplies to use in your art studio

    In this article you’ll find reviews of art materials I use a lot in my painting and drawing practice. These art supplies make a big difference in the final result of my art presentation.

    5 art tools to keep in your studio:

    #1 The color shaper set

    5 art tools for your studio
    These are great tools for oil painting, pastel painting and even colored pencil work (if you work on the Icarus board to blend the wax-based pencils).
    1. When I paint, they help me clean a sloppy edge.
    2. Its easy to take the extra paint off the area I put in by accident.
    3. I can “carve into” the freshly applied paint to make a specific pattern or texture. 
    4. You can create an entire underpainting by applying the brown paint first and then lifting out some of the paint with the color shaper creating a drawing!
    Made of silicone, the shapers have unique property of not absorbing the paint. Rather the paint comes off their tips easily and doesn’t need washing. Just wipe the color shaper off with a paper towel. Besides moving the paint around, removing or carving into it, the color shapers are great to blend the oil pastels or wax-based colored pencils (Prismacolor Premier) when heated, using the Icarus Art board. The color shaper set has several tips that you can buy separately or as a complete set. I find that I mainly use the taper point (round tip) size #2 in my art.

    You can buy the color shapers at any art supply store online like Jerrysartarama or use this link to buy it on Amazon.

    #2 Gloves in a bottle

    gloves in a bottle review
    This is a truly unique product that I love! I especially use it when I paint since the lotion provides relief from a very dry skin, making a protective layer between the skin and the chemicals. A modest amount of lotion works like gloves I use while painting. Its unique formula bonds with the upper layer of my skin and creates the invisible protection from harmful chemicals. It’s waterproof and doesn’t wash off, rather it comes off naturally shredding the dead skin cells. The bottle comes in two sizes. Give it a try!

    Gloves in a bottle is a lotion https://amzn.to/3SxSE93

    #3 Luminance, professional colored pencils

    luminance review
    Swiss-made, Luminance colored pencils is the Cadillac of professional colored pencils. All colors have supreme lightfastness rating. They’re very durable, highly pigmented and have the softness I love. The price tag is very high. Please don’t be tempted to buy them in strange places because they could be the fakes. Buy these from the established art supply companies only like the jerrysartarama. You can buy them in sets or as open stock.

    #4 Professional panels for oil and acrylic painting

    gessobord review
    These are durable, archival and acid-free surfaces that are great for oil painting. Remember, paintings of the old masters have survived through the centuries because they were painted on panels, not canvases. If you paint professionally and want your art to last, paint on panels.
    The cradled gessobords provide much greater support against humidity as the panels resist warping.  Gessobords have a very slightly textured surface making them perfect for oil painting because the oil paint needs some tooth to adhere to to create a permanent bond with the surface. Avoid using panels that are too smooth or cheap canvases because the paint doesn’t adhere to the surface properly.
    I also use gessobords for my silver gilding. I do sand the surface some with a 800 grit sandpaper but the silver leaf goes over the panel perfectly.
    Toned, neutral gray surface of Richeson panels is great to begin painting without any additional preliminary work needed but I find their surfaces too smooth and thus questionable if the paint makes the bond with its surface.

    #5 Grumbacher final fixative for drawings and scratchboard art

    This is a really great product that’s different from cheaper brands. It makes a very nice, even sheen, eliminating the surface’s unevenness, finger prints, and other imperfections in scratchboard. Colors look nice and bright. It works great on paper too. And I use 2-3 coats on my colored pencil drawings.
    Like other sprays, the final fixative protects your artwork from the UV-rays, moisture, smudges, and humidity.
    The only downside is its smell. It’s not a product to inhale. So spray it in a well-ventilated area or outside in low humidity environment.

    Don’ confuse the fixatives with the varnishes as the varnishes are used in oil and acrylic painting.

    educational books, drawing instruction books, travel books
    Art Lessons in Drawing, Painting & Beyond, 2014 | This is an art inspiration book filled with creative and technical advice coming from contemporary realist artists. Realist artists share their painting and drawing inspiration in the Art Lessons book available in print, on Kindle and as a digital download (pdf file) from: https://veronicasart.com/product-category/art-instruction-books/
    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Art supplies:

    veronica winters colored pencil

    The One Colored Pencil Technique you must master to create Photorealistic Colored Pencil Drawings

    Colored pencil shading techniques

    If your aim is to create photorealistic colored pencil drawings, you need to master the very basic drawing concepts, which includes colored pencil shading. Whatever subject you draw in colored pencil, it’s important to control your pencil pressure to achieve realistic result.

    Pencil pressure

    For instance, when you press on your pencil very lightly, you won’t be able to achieve rich darks or create enough contrast in colored pencil drawing. At the same time if you’re heavy-handed, your drawing may become too muddy or overworked quickly. So it’s all about finding that perfect balance in colored pencil shading.

    colored pencil drawing of Jasmine by veronica winters-pencil pressure- colored pencil techniques
    This is my colored pencil drawing done on pastel paper, which has a lot of texture. Paper’s texture is the number one enemy of every colored pencil artist. I had to do lots of paper’s tooth filling doing colored pencil shading. My pencil pressure played a big role in it because I had to increase my pencil pressure a lot shading with a very sharp colored pencil. This was true for both black and white colored pencils. I could of used a solvent to do colored pencil blending to achieve a different effect but I left it untouched. I wanted to preserve this sketchy feeling in this colored pencil portrait.

    You do need to increase your pencil pressure in colored pencil drawing when:

    • you try to blend some areas with light pencils shading over the dark layers
    • you blend the areas around the highlights
    • you want to build up contrast in progression
    • or when you work on textured paper and have to do lots of filling of a paper’s tooth.
    colored pencil drawing of flower of life by veronica winters-pencil pressure- colored pencil techniques
    This colored pencil drawing closeup shows several colored pencil shading techniques at once.

    #1 I shaded with white colored pencil over the dark area using a unique stroke to create the texture I wanted. While some dark is showing through, I applied the white colored pencil with medium pencil pressure.
    #2 I did a lot of shading with colored pencils on the light side of her face using a very heavy pencil pressure to raise the lights as much as possible. White colored pencil sits on top of all other light colors I shaded with there.
    #3 I shaded with a light pencil pressure to create that purple circle so that some previous layers still show through it.
    #4 I used a very light grey colored pencil to shade over the purple with heavy pencil pressure. It lightened up and blended the area.

    Check out available video courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Colored pencil techniques: colored pencil shading in white and off-white colors

    When you work on your colored pencil shading using heavy pencil pressure, the area becomes very waxy and so filled with the pigment that you can’t layer more color over it. That’s the desired outcome. However, if you feel like you want to add even more color to that area, spray it lightly with a fixative. Wait for it to dry and shade over it again.

    colored pencil drawing of Ice Maiden by veronica winters-pencil pressure- colored pencil techniques
    This colored pencil drawing was done on a white matboard with various pencil pressure to blend some areas and to create contrast. In the following closeups you can see 3 colored pencil blending techniques used.
    #1 I used white colored pencil and medium pencil pressure to lighten up the geometric shape. It also blended it.
    #2 I used a very soft white colored pencil (Luminance or Prismacolor Premier or Pablo) to shade around the highlight leaving the highlight itself uncolored. If your colored pencil is hard this kind of blending is difficult and incomplete.
    #3 I used soft, light grey colored pencil and a very heavy pencil pressure to blend the area shading with colored pencils.

    I hope that this article helps you in your creative colored pencil drawing and you also find some new colored pencil drawing ideas. Controlling your pencil pressure shading with colored pencils is a must. So next time you draw, pay attention how you press on your colored pencils and observe what results you’re getting. If you’d like to learn more about colored pencil drawing, check out these art books or watch my free videos on YouTube. You may find your answers there. 🙂

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!
    Professional Drawing paper for Colored pencil drawings I use the most often…

    Art supplies on Amazon

    If you’d like to connect with me:

    17 tips for artists to sell their art

    I’ve decided to write this article because many artists want to find answers to this dilemma and think of sales as some sort of miracle that needs to happen. The advice you’ll find here is based on my experience being a full-time artist since 2005. While I’m always on a look out for new art marketing ideas as I need to improve my art sales, I’ve realized that I figured out a lot of things on my own that I can share with other artists today. It took me many years to understand the business of art, and if I had a mentor or the right person to talk to, setting up and advancing my career wouldn’t be as difficult as it’s been for me thus far. So this post is a note I could have given to myself 2 decades ago.

    A lot of artists start doing art marketing by approaching the art galleries from the get go because selling art is not easy, and while it can work, there is a lot you can do to advance your career without gallery representation. Galleries close left and right, and the established galleries would take your art, if they’re sure they have the clientele to sell it to.

    Don’t quit your day job that brings you mental and financial stability but try to pursue your artistic career with more purpose, so when the time comes, you’re able to quit your job without hesitation. In my case, I have several income streams and the most reliable one comes from teaching privately.

    visionary art, cosmic dancer
    cosmic dancer 18×24-oil painting on panel, https://veronicasart.com/product/cosmic-dancer-oil-painting/

    So here are the top 17 steps to sell your art:

    1. Be confident & believe in yourself

    This is the most important thing to master in any career, especially art. The only substitute for talent is confidence. If you don’t believe in yourself and feel unsure about your own artwork, people won’t buy anything from you. You must be eloquent talking about your art in words people can relate to. Talking about ideas and feelings as opposed to materials and techniques makes sense to most people. I know artists who sell really well not because of quality art but because of their confidence. Watch a documentary about Jean-Michel Basquiat. He began his career as a homeless person in New York and ended up selling his art for thousands of dollars while being in his 20-s. Amazing!

    2. Help others and network

    This is the second most important step to find sales. I find it to be the hardest to pursue, but I also have to admit that Networking is incredibly important! It can propel your career fairly quickly, if you’re able to socialize in the right circles and sell your confidence to others. But it’s also important to know that not every event is yours and that selfishness won’t get you far. Help others. Take time to know the other person before asking for something in return. I think long-term relationships are friendships. And friendships are not easy to acquire and maintain for many of us. Be honest, authentic and giving, even if it doesn’t work out, but stay away from negative people who bring you down every time you see them.

    3. Find a mentor!

    Find a mentor who is a successful artist in your field. This is a giant building block I’ve been missing in my career. It’s so incredibly important to find this person who can be supportive of your talent, and teach you everything you need to know to become successful. Sometimes college teachers take on this role, but I think in order to build a real career, you must connect with the artist who does sold out shows, exhibits nationally and internationally and just knows ins and outs of art business. Mentorship will also keep you accountable if you get sidetracked. If you connect with the right person you admire and respect, please don’t waste his/her time on small tasks. You need to be proactive and independent, work in his/her workshop/studio and learn from that experience!

    how to draw glass

    4. Always be in growth mode mindset

    A lot of artists get frustrated and stuck after receiving a rejection. I agree it’s very hard, but I also learned to accept the fact that my art is not for everyone and any art contest is a gamble. I always look at the winners to understand if I can improve my craft. Also, I’ve learned to be picky about the art contests and shows themselves. A lot of them are not worth your time and money because they’re like vanity galleries. They make money on your paid fees. To participate in good and relevant contests, your art must be good to plow through competition.

    5. Publicity must be consistent focus

    Every artist hopes to get discovered somehow. This is a silly hope, considering how much noise we have in this world. I submit my art to publications regularly and always get excited when it gets noticed. It’s also a gamble but a lot of opportunities are free in comparison to art contests, and can actually help you sell art. If you’re an emerging artist, begin making submissions locally, and also consider free online publications. The larger the magazine, the harder it would be to get into it, but its readership brings new clients and opportunities. What I discovered by looking at opportunities in the Submittable database, many obscure literature magazines actually pay a publication fee to the artist. It’s not huge and runs between $25-100 for one artwork but it’s a lot better than nothing or worse, paying the fee to be published.

    6. Working on your craft is a must

    Well, if you’re satisfied with your work 100% all the time, it leaves very little room for improvement. Be excellent in your art form. It attracts serious art collectors to your art and it builds your own confidence!

    7. Define what you do and what makes you different from everyone else

    This one is not as easy as it sounds. It took me years to find my voice: to understand what I wanted to paint, why and how. Come up with a two-sentence elevator pitch to describe your art. This process of thinking to describe your art in just one line helps a great deal to narrow down what you can paint and what makes you excited to produce as an artist. I used to be all over the place, painting everything that came along my way. While I don’t regret it because I’ve learned so much, I wish I cut on years spent wondering around the bush. This is where clarity in your goals and strategy comes in handy.

    8. Dream big, but also remain realistic in your goals

    Your dreams must be big. You must be ambitious if your art career is important to you. At the same time, your goals should be doable, measurable and manageable not to get overwhelmed with tasks. I have a timeline and a calendar writing down jobs and events I must do to be on time.

    9. Have a strategy, goals and sub goals that have due dates on your calendar

    I have one strategy for a year, one big goal for a month and 4 sub goals to achieve that monthly goal. All of them are written down in my calendar.

    10. Organize your work schedule that includes 1/3 to 1/2 of your time spent on marketing

    Calendar your tasks. I’m a very organized person naturally but I still write them down to stay on top of things. We all have one thing in common-24 hrs in a day. So if you have no time to do what’s important to you, you must prioritize and re-organize your days.

    Yes, unfortunately, a lot of time must be reserved for art marketing and that includes writing your newsletters, calling and meeting people, following up, posting to social media regularly, and submitting art to opportunities to be noticed. If you just sit in your studio painting, no one is going to knock on your door. Sorry!

    11. Stay focused

    Don’t sidetrack yourself with other tasks and opportunities that don’t lead you to your final goal/destination. This is very hard to do because we balance tons of art jobs and family. If you feel overwhelmed, just go back to your board and review your goals and strategy. Sometimes they need adjustment too!

    12. Be prompt answering all correspondence and follow up with people yourself

    Sometimes I contact artists whose art I could of bought but because they don’t find time to reply to their emails, I move on to another artist. Sometimes I email to artists to write about their art, and get no replies. Of course, it means that they also prioritize what deserves attention and what doesn’t, as we get tons of emails and messages daily. But in my experience, many opportunities came to me because I was quick to reply with answers. I also think it’s a good practice to follow up with people once. It’s very annoying to receive unfocused, unspecific messages from people who don’t value my time, and just keep messaging me for no particular reason. So if you write to someone, please be prompt and specific in your request and always address that person by his first name.

    13. Follow other successful artists to understand what they do differently from your routine to increase exposure, publicity and sales

    I keep learning every day by reading business books, subscribing to memberships, and following other artists to pick up on their strategies.

    14. When you make a sale, under promise and over deliver

    Don’t make promises you cannot keep. If you take on a commission, say you’ll be done in 2 months and deliver it in one. If you sell a piece, say you ship it in two weeks but deliver in one week. You get the idea.

    15. Avoid scams and ‘for exposure’ venues and opportunities

    I can’t even tell you how many scam emails and phone messages I get. These people have become very creative! Don’t pay for wall space, representation or shows. They have no incentive to sell your art because they’ve already covered their costs and made profit at your expense! Hang your art in a local cafe, spa or a bank instead.

    16. Collect emails of your art collectors and supporters

    Don’t include everyone into your email list, don’t share your list with others, and don’t bother people on your list every day. Communicate to build anticipation about your new projects, share free and relevant information and announce special events, etc.

    I reach out to my past art collectors in personal communication and send real cards on special occasions.

    17. Live in a fairly big place

    While it can be managed, living in a remote area is not great, unless you’re an established artist. If you’re serious about your art career, get out of your small town. Why? It all comes down to networking and networking happens in the city art galleries, events, parties, and art museums.

    I’m thinking of inviting other artists to share their ideas and art sales strategies. What do you think? Would you be interested in that? Write to nika@veronicasart.com and let me know your thoughts!

    green eye & leaves, psychedelic art mandala, 6×6″ scratchboard, resin & glitter
    video courses by veronica winters
    Check out free previews of my video courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Art supplies on Amazon

    7 art corruption schemes that rule the art world

    I got interested in art sales, art marketing and promotion mechanics at the top tier of the art market years ago visiting art fairs, shows, Art Basel Miami, etc.
    I had questions that seemed to have no answer. One of the questions I wanted to find the answer to was why some weird artists sold for thousands if not millions of dollars, while the majority of artists were not of interest to those top art collectors/investors. It’s shocking and sad and frustrating but it is what it is. It took me a while to convince myself to make it public. I was afraid to be misunderstood, explaining shady money laundering schemes. Fortunately, recent scandals with art advisor Lisa Schiff and Hunter Biden made it easy for me to illustrate my points…

    Video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/ybHfOoa9lp0

    To read: https://veronicasart.com/how-to-spot-art-market-fraud-in-contemporary-art-world/

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    How to spot art market fraud in contemporary art world

    Art Palm Beach 2018

    The uncomfortable truth about the art market corruption

    Is this painting great? No. Discover why we face the fraud of contemporary art every day.

    This is an opinion piece that you may not agree with. I’m going to explain some art market money laundering and Ponzi schemes prevalent at the top art market today. I’m a realist artist myself and I see how the majority of talented artists can barely make a living, while others are killing it in the contemporary art market. The obvious question is why some artists are incredibly successful while the majority struggle. This question is not about feeling jealous or insecure, rather it’s about observing and understanding the driving force behind successful artists so you can make informed decisions whether you’re an artist or art collector.

    The first answer to this question is relationships. Artists who grow their network and connect to the most influential art dealers, gallerists and curators in New York, LA, London and other top art destinations can become famous early in their career. Artists who get exhibited in art museums in New York stand a much better chance of growing their artistic career exponentially according to Magnus Resch, the author of “How to become a successful artist” book.

    The second answer to this question- why some strange artists become famous- is art market collusion. In essence, art investors pose as art collectors. This category of art collectors want to make money by buying modern and contemporary art at the art fairs and top art galleries, hoping to flip the art in a few years making a considerable profit. This leads to some remarkable art market corruption schemes at the very top tier of the art market you can learn about in podcasts, art law books and some YouTube videos. (I’m going to mention some of them below.)

    There is no art market regulation. Therefore it attracts many speculators to it. In this post, I’m going to discuss several most used art market corruption schemes, however there are many more I’m sure.

    First, let’s look at the numbers because art seems to be a profitable business overall.

    How big is the art market?

    Despite billions made in revenue, the art market is a relatively small market if you look at the numbers in comparison to revenues of some blue chip companies. For instance, FedEx annual revenue for 2022 was $93.512B. Walmart generated over $572 billion in revenue in 2022. In its 2022 financial year, Apple reported 394.33 billion U.S. dollars in revenues. The global art market for 2022 was $67.8B.

    • The global art market: the art market worldwide totaled $67.8 billion in 2022, growing by 3% year-over-year and reaching its second-highest level to date, according to The Art Market 2023, authored by Dr. Clare McAndrew, Founder of Arts Economics and published by Art Basel in partnership with UBS. The US was the top market, commanding 45% of global sales by value in 2022 and growing by 8% year-on-year to reach $30.2 billion! Significant growth at the high-end of the auction market, along with some growth in dealer sales, propelled the increase.
    • Other art markets: The UK and China ranked second and third among global markets respectively.
    • Dealer sales: art dealer sales went up 7%, reaching the pre-pandemic level of $37.2 billion. Nearly two-thirds (61%) reported an increase in sales year-on-year, and a majority (58%) even saw an improvement in values over 2019. About a quarter (24%) reported a year-on-year decline in values. The return of art fairs resulted in dealers making a growing percentage of their sales at in-person events in 2022. 
    • Online-only sales: Online fell to $11 billion, dropping 17% from their 2021 peak of $13.3 billion, though still 85% higher than in 2019. Online sales represented 16% of the art market’s 2022 sales volume overall.
    • Auction Houses: The strength at the top end of the art market – Christie’s, Sotheby’s, and Phillips each achieved a record high in 2022, with combined annual revenues of $17.7 billion.
    • Source: https://www.artbasel.com/stories/key-findings-art-market-report-2023

    Top 5 art galleries in the world:

    • Larry Gagosian of Gagosian Gallery, 17 galleries worldwide! $1B in revenue
    • David Zwirner of David Zwirner Gallery, 6 locations, $1B in revenue
    • Manuela Hauser and Iwan Wirth of Hauser & Wirth, 10 galleries, slightly under $1B in revenue
    • Marc Glimcher of Pace Gallery, 6 locations, $1B in revenue
    • Jeffrey Deitch of Deitch Project, 2 locations, considerably under $1B in revenue

    Data Source: Magnus Resch

    Art market fraud at the top tier of the art world

    Money corrupts people. That’s human nature. The top tier of the art market is all about making money, not selling or purchasing beautiful art. Because of deregulation and tax laws in the US, art has become a place to write off taxes or to store millions in overpriced works. Art dealers, curators, advisors and top mysterious clients all participate in these art flipping or art market tax evasion schemes to make money and to avoid paying taxes. Let me explain.

    Ponzi scheme is a form of fraud in which belief in the success of a nonexistent enterprise is fostered by by the payment of quick returns to the first investors from money invested by later investors.

    Art market fraud refers to deceptive and dishonest practices within the art industry that are intended to deceive, manipulate, or mislead buyers, sellers, collectors, investors, and other participants for financial gain. This type of fraud can encompass a wide range of illicit activities aimed at misrepresenting the authenticity, provenance, value, condition, or ownership of artworks.

    #1 Charitable donations to art museums

    Let’s look at the charity donations to art museums. These charitable contributions have several angles. In the first instance, while the artist gets zero in return from donating his art to a charity (only the cost of art supplies can be written off taxes as a business expense by the artist), the art collector can write off the entire price tag spent on art by donating it to an art museum or other non-profit organization. Yep, the artist gets nothing but the art collector is getting paid via a legit art donation.

    In the second instance, charitable art donations can be good for artist’s brand name recognition. To advance artistic career, artists must receive validation by exhibiting their art at the top art museums in New York City. What does it mean exactly? Art must be chosen for shows by leading art curators working in New York. According to Magnus Resch, New York is the center of the art world and the “Holy Land” of art institutions and galleries. The Holy Land consists of Gagosian, Guggenheim Museum, MoMa, the Whitney Museum, Pace gallery and Houser & Wirth. A commercial gallery’s director representing work of such artists, would say that it’s a stamp of approval from professionals who choose the artist by merit. The more art museums the artist concurs, the more validation he receives, the much higher price of art follows. As a result, galleries sell very expensive art because of formal validation, not the aesthetic principles of art or the artistic genius. Art market ethics is questionable here.

    This leads to art museum purchases or donations that raise the value of art. Nothing wrong with that, only many mega wealthy individuals sit on museums’ boards and pump the artist’s price up by giving the artist a show and then donating the art from their personal art collection to that museum at a much higher price. Donation is a tax write off. Nothing more and nothing less. Big money donations to the art museums are simple tax write offs. Plus you get your name written on a bench or a plaque. How exciting!

    donation to charity law
    Donation to charity: Another means by which a taxpayer can shelter income is to donate appreciated property. If, for example, an individual is lucky enough to purchase a valuable work of art for an amount less than its fair market value, he or she may hold the piece for one year and then donate it to a qualified charity. The tax deduction which may be taken for this donation is based on the fair market value of the work on the date of the donation. As discussed in Section C of this chapter, valuation is an important consideration and a substantial penalty can be imposed if an underpayment of tax occurs as a result of overvaluation.
    A taxpayer may take this donation concept one step further and set up a systematic plan of donations involving limited edition prints or books. In this situation, the investor purchases the prints, probably at a discount, or the books at cost, holds them for 12 months plus one day, then donates them to museums or charities. He or she then may take a charitable deduction in the amount of fair market value of the prints on the date of contribution and in the amount of retail list price of the books. However, two revenue rulings make it clear that the investor’s activity with respect to these types of art shelters makes him or her substantially equivalent to a dealer who sells the objects in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Rev. Rul. 79-419, 1979-2 C.B, 107. Source: Art Law in a nutshell by L. DuBoff, 4th edition.
    ingres-Princesse-de-Broglie-1853-closeup-the-met-best-art-museums
    Art: Ingres, Princesse de Broglie,1853, closeup, the MET

    #2 How some obscure artists become famous.

    Do you ever wonder how some strange art gets popular among the elite and good art remains in the shadows? Here is how you can become a famous artist participating in art market money laundering. Say, a wealthy person X must write off millions to avoid paying a big tax. So he must own an expensive painting, say a $15 million one without spending that much money on it. That wealthy person finds an underrepresented artist and buys some of his art for a few thousand dollars. But how do you make a $1k painting worth $10 million? Here is how. Such people are usually well connected and either already have or will find necessary people in the art world to realize their scheme. It means finding high end curators, appraisers and gallery owners who can decide on pricing of art. If the artist is underrepresented, they can’t justify price increase without a reason. Therefore they do something like this.

    The unknown artist gets a massive marketing boost by hiring a PR firm to promote the artist’s work. These PR agencies place the artist in top publications, magazines and art influencer accounts using their connections. After a while, the artist gets a show at a high-end gallery where the right people shop for art at high prices. This process gives lots of credibility and social proof to the artist. As a result the unknown artist becomes “hot” as his artwork gets continuously promoted. The appraisers can put a high price on art from now on. At about that moment, the wealthy person X would cash in on his original investment because the art was purchased for pennies and sold for thousands. The investment is worth a million or two and can be donated to a setup charity. By spending some money on art and promotion, the artificially raised price becomes income after donation giving the investor profit not to spend it on taxes.

    Adrian Ghenie – Pie Fight Interior 12

    A variation of this business practice is when a ‘hot’ artist gets flipped a lot for higher prices in a pyramid-like scheme.

    The most recent example of this Ponzi scheme is New York art advisor Lisa Schiff. She has got a lawsuit where two plaintiffs allege that she owes them $1.8 million related to the sale of a painting by famous Romanian artist Adrian Ghenie (b.1977). Ghenie is a hot artist represented by one of four top galleries-Pace. According to the Artnet news, the record for a Ghenie work sold at auction is $10.3 million for Pie Fight Interior 12 (2014), sold at Christie’s Hong Kong in May 2022. This lawsuit opened a can warms exposing Schiff’s business model of flipping art for profit for many years! In this particular case,

    In 2021, Schiff told Barasch and Grossman that a Ghenie painting, Uncle 3 (2019), was available for purchase. After discussions they agreed to buy the painting. Barasch took a 50 percent share and Grossman and his spouse each acquired a 25 percent interest. No one got the art as it was shipped to a storage unit in Delaware. Source: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/art-advisor-lisa-schiff-hit-with-lawsuit-art-flipping-deal-2300709

    Next year, the plaintiffs agreed to resale the art with the help of Lisa Schiff. They agreed on price of art – $2.5 million and to split the proceeds, after a commission to Schiff of $250,000. The art was sold at Sotheby’s Hong Kong and the sellers received $450,000. Schiff got the commission. The rest of the money, which was $1.8 million were never wired to the sellers by Schiff, hence the lawsuit.

    The art world knows Lisa Schiff, an art advisor to the rich in New York who worked with high- profile clients. She was a well-connected, influencer seen at art fairs, on museum boards, and in New York and LA, running her upscale business from a gallery in Tribeca. Schiff was frequently quoted as an expert in the art press, until the day the lawsuit dropped accusing her of running a Ponzi scheme flipping really expensive art from one buyer to the next.
    What’s common among such schemers like Bernie Madoff* or Sam Bankman-Fried, founder of the collapsed cryptocurrency exchange FTX, is their low sense of consciousness and unbelievably lavish lifestyle. Schiff maintained her business model and lavish lifestyle for many years at the expense of those art collectors/investors who chased hot contemporary artists to get a lucrative return on their investment within a few years.

    *Bernie Madoff, a prominent New York financier, pleaded guilty in 2009 to running a Ponzi scheme that resulted in as much as $20 billion in cash losses and $65 billion in paper losses. He was sentenced to 150 years in prison and died in April 2021 at age 82. Sam Bankman-Fried’s case is ongoing in 2023.

    #3 Art purchase as a bribe and exchange for a valuable position

    In this art market money laundering scheme, you usually see inflated art prices on art selling at a high-end art gallery where an “art collector” comes in and purchases art in exchange for a big favor or a valuable position within the government or other entity. The Hunter Biden case illustrates this concept perfectly. I’m not going to discuss the political views and implications here, rather I’d like to focus on the art corruption scheme itself.

    In this particular case, the art gallery sold Hunter Biden’s art to some art collectors for 1.3 million dollars. According to the Insider, one art collector bought 11 artworks for $875,000 according to the Insider. Upon close investigation, the names of at least two people who were art collectors became known- Elizabeth Hirsh Naftali & Kevin Morris. Eight months later after the Hunter Biden’ solo show opening, Joe Biden-the president- put Naftali to the Commission for the Preservation of America’s Heritage Abroad.

    This case illustrates how valuable positions can be sold when you can’t do a simple money transfer in exchange for it.

    This was first published in Insider on July 24,2023 by M. Schwartz. You can read the full article here: https://www.businessinsider.com/hunter-biden-joe-artwork-berges-gallery-elizabeth-hirsh-naftali-2023-7

    #4 Murky Pricing at high-end galleries

    Pricing is murky. When you enter a top art gallery, you won’t see prices for art sold at the gallery. When you go to Miami Art Basel, you see very few art galleries displaying prices on walls next to paintings. There is no art market transparency. Shrouded in mystery, prices are not publicized by dealers for a reason. Price varies depending on your looks and status.

    Hot artists are not sold to first-come, rich art collectors. If you just walk in wishing to buy a particular hot artist, you’d be placed on a wait list with a promise that you need to buy a “less hot” artist first. Hot artists are sold to the most known art collectors first to bump up the price further.

    art miami 2018_ron isaacs
    Ron Isaacs, 3D wall art at Miami Art Context 2018

    #5 Freeports

    Freeports, also known as Free Trade Zones or Free Economic Zones, are specialized facilities that provide secure and tax-advantaged environments for the storage, trade, and exhibition of valuable assets, including art, collectibles, and luxury goods. These areas are typically located within a country’s borders but are considered to be outside its customs territory. Freeports offer various benefits, such as exemption from customs duties, taxes, and stringent regulations that would normally apply to imports and exports. In other words, the simplest way to use freeports is not to pay a sales tax on sold art by storing it in freeports, which speaks volumes of art market tax evasion.

    Freeports have gained prominence as a solution for wealthy individuals, collectors, galleries, and art institutions seeking a secure and flexible space to store and manage their valuable artworks. They offer a range of services beyond simple storage, such as conservation, restoration, cataloging, and even private viewing rooms for potential buyers or patrons. These facilities are equipped with state-of-the-art security systems, climate control, and specialized expertise to ensure the preservation of delicate and valuable art pieces. The example of such facility is shown in the Tenet movie.

    The primary advantage of using freeports for art storage is the ability to defer tax payments and customs duties until the items are brought back into the domestic market or are sold. This art market tax evasion feature can be particularly beneficial for collectors who acquire artworks from various parts of the world and wish to avoid immediate taxation or customs complications. It also allows for more fluid movement of art across international borders for exhibitions, auctions, and art fairs. Examples are:

    1. Geneva Freeport (Switzerland): One of the most famous freeports for art storage is the Geneva Freeport. Located in Switzerland, it offers secure and climate-controlled spaces for storing high-value assets, including artworks, fine wines, and precious metals. The Geneva Freeport gained notoriety for its confidentiality and lack of transparency regarding the ownership of stored items, making it a popular choice for individuals and institutions looking to keep their collections discreet.
    2. Singapore Freeport (Singapore): The Singapore Freeport is strategically positioned in Asia and serves as a hub for art storage and trading in the region. It provides specialized facilities for storing art, precious metals, and other valuable assets. The Singapore Freeport is known for its stringent security measures, advanced technology, and favorable tax policies.
    3. Luxembourg Freeport (Luxembourg): The Luxembourg Freeport is another significant player in the world of art storage. It offers a range of services beyond storage, including customs clearance, art logistics, and private viewing rooms. The facility’s location within Europe makes it an attractive option for art dealers and collectors seeking a central point for their art transactions. The LUXEMBOURG HIGH SECURITY HUB is a 22,000 m2, 4-story building with beautiful architecture. The facility has 24h-security and offers storage rooms, vaults and safes of custom sizes. https://lux-hsh.com/luxembourg/

    In recent years, freeports have faced criticism and increased scrutiny due to concerns about money laundering, tax evasion, and lack of transparency regarding the ownership of stored assets. Some countries have taken steps to address these issues by implementing stricter regulations and transparency measures within their freeport systems.

    This video gives a good overview of freeports to store super expensive artworks as means of tax evasion. It also explains some schemes in art fraud, manipulation, and price gauging. It explains some shady financial setups for trafficking of cultural assets through shale companies and freeports. For example, according to this video it’s estimated that the Nahmad family of art dealers stores over 4 billion in art at the Geneva freeport. Art Basel is the place for art dealers to make business.

    Sometimes you can see the depiction of freeports in movies. They show such facilities where valuable items, like art can be stored, traded, or showcased. Some movies include:

    1. “No Time to Die” (2021): In the James Bond film “No Time to Die,” there is a scene set in a fictional Cuban Freeport where a valuable art collection is stored. This location plays a significant role in the plot of the movie.
    2. “The Thomas Crown Affair” (1999): This remake of the 1968 film features a scene set in a freeport where the wealthy protagonist stores his art collection, including stolen pieces. The freeport becomes a focal point in the investigation of a major art heist.
    3. “Rush Hour 3” (2007): In this action-comedy film, there is a sequence set in a French customs warehouse that operates as a kind of freeport. The film’s protagonists discover valuable artworks stored there as part of the plot.
    4. “The Good Liar” (2019): While the film primarily revolves around a con artist and his schemes, there is a scene involving a high-security storage facility in London that serves as a freeport for valuable items.
    5. “Duplicity” (2009): This movie involves corporate espionage and features a subplot that revolves around a secure storage facility where high-value products are kept. While not a traditional freeport, the concept is similar.
    6. “Danny Collins” (2015): While not the main focus of the film, there is a scene set in a storage facility where valuable items, including artworks, are stored. This scene contributes to character development and plot progression.
    “Tenet” (2020): In Christopher Nolan’s movie Tenet, the protagonist travels back in time to the freeport in Oslo airport. The Protagonist approaches Sator’s wife who is an art appraiser. She sold Sator a forged Goya drawing for $9 million. As a result, Sator uses that forged drawing to blackmail her. The Protagonist plots to steal the drawing from a freeport facility visiting it as a potential art collector.

    While freeports don’t play a central role in the movies, they serve as intriguing settings for some movie scenes or plot developments. Keep in mind that movies often take creative liberties, so the portrayal of freeports in these films may not fully represent the real-world complexities and operations of such facilities but somehow illustrate the nature of art market tax evasion.

    #6 Art market forgery

    There are numerous art market forgery schemes. While they’re somewhat different in motivation from all the previous art market collusion schemes listed, they do exist as forged art gets produced and sold to art collectors, art museums and private companies.

    Art market forgery means creating or selling artworks that are falsely attributed to a well-known artist or created to imitate a particular artistic style in order to pass them off as genuine.

    Misrepresentation of Provenance means providing false or fabricated ownership histories and records of an artwork’s past ownership to inflate its value or authenticity.

    A very interesting documentary about a German art forger (born in 1951) who made over 35 million euros on forgeries. Because pricing of the top art market is so opaque, its sort of easy to sell art forgeries. The artist and his wife kept selling forgeries until their mid. sixties!
    A single parent with two young children, the art forger made a living lying confidently about almost everything. He not only forged the modern art but also inserted forged provenances into the catalogs of the Tate museum’s archive. Amazing!!!

    #7 Art Philanthropy

    What is philanthropy? The original meaning of this word gets corrupted by human nature. Philanthropy raises the person’s profile. It also looks great on paper when the philanthropist is giving money to the foundations. The only problem is that that philanthropist controls the foundation behind the scenes. If it’s an LLC, these companies make and spend money as they want. During the money transfer to the foundation they get a tax break for a charitable contribution. In reality it’s same old tax evasion. If registered as charity, philanthropists donate to both nonprofit and for profit companies with direct interest in those companies that make them money. It’s a business, not philanthropy.

    Tax Shelter: Another type of tax shelter involves an investment tax credit available under IRC § 46 for qualified rehabilitation expenditures. This is one of the few shelters which Congress appears to favor. It is a means by which the legislature can encourage rehabilitation activities that it deems beneficial. In these situations, the taxpayer deducts the tax credit directly from taxes owed. The amount of investment tax credit is 20 percent for certified historic structures and 10 percent for other qualifying structures. To qualify, most buildings must be non- residential at the time rehabilitation begins; however, certified historic buildings can be either residential or nonresidential. The building also must have been placed in service before the beginning of the rehabilitation, and it must have been substantially rehabilitated…Source: Art Law in a nutshell by L. DuBoff, 4th edition.

    #8 Price gauging at art auction houses

    Price gouging at art auction houses refers to the practice of artificially inflating the prices of artworks beyond their fair market value through various means, ultimately leading to higher auction results. This can occur due to a combination of factors, including manipulation, collusion, hype generation, and unethical practices by auction houses, bidders, or intermediaries involved in the art market. While not all art auction houses engage in price gouging, instances of such behavior can undermine the transparency and integrity of the art market.

    Methods of Price Gouging:

    1. Shill Bidding: Auction houses might use “shills,” which are individuals posing as legitimate bidders, to drive up the bidding and create an illusion of high demand. Shill bidders artificially increase the price of an artwork, encouraging genuine bidders to offer higher bids.
    2. Pre-Arranged Sales: Some artworks might be sold privately before an auction but are then presented as fresh-to-market items. This tactic can create the perception of high demand and value, leading to increased bidding during the auction.
    3. Chandelier Bidding: Auctioneers might falsely claim to have received bids from the audience, inflating the price of an artwork even if no actual bids were placed. This technique encourages real bidders to compete at higher price points.
    4. Limited Information: Auction houses might withhold relevant information about the artwork’s condition, provenance, or authenticity, leading to higher prices based on incomplete or misleading information.
    5. Hype Generation and Marketing: Auction houses often use elaborate marketing campaigns, glossy catalog descriptions, and celebrity endorsements to generate hype around certain artworks or artists. This can create an atmosphere of excitement and exclusivity, driving up demand and subsequently inflating prices.

    Price gouging can have many negative consequences for the art market that include loss of trust of collectors and investors, loss of value of art, and damaged reputation of houses, dealers, etc.

    Other art market scams:

    In addition to price gauging, you must be aware of Online Auction Scams. These scams involve posting fake listings on online auction platforms, often using stolen images, to deceive potential buyers into making payments for nonexistent artworks. There are also scams involving undisclosed restoration or damage. The scammers conceal the fact that an artwork has undergone restoration or repair, or downplaying the extent of damage, in order to sell it at a higher price. Some art market participants also give false appraisals. By providing inaccurate or inflated appraisals of an artwork’s value to deceive buyers or lenders for financial gain. Finally, some can forge the Certificates of Authenticity by creating counterfeit certificates of authenticity or manipulating genuine certificates to falsely authenticate an artwork. Obviously, it leads to financial losses and legal battles by the art collectors.

    In conclusion

    You can call me cynical or too ironic describing the art world. After all it’s a web of connected art dealers, auctioneers, appraisers, art critics, influencers and gallerists – all participating in the art market collusion. My point is that art has nothing to do with art. All of these art market money laundering schemes are real and some thrive because of legit tax code in the US. Art as an investment is for people to do just that. To put money to work. Yes, they all say that they love and enjoy looking at art. Perhaps. And so many really talented artists live and work on the sidelines of these marketing machines and have no way of receiving a” stamp of approval” to either confirm or raise the value of their art.
    Until the day we have a new voting system in place where people vote after seeing new shows or recent acquisitions at the art museums, nothing would change. We will continue to be mesmerized by exuberant pricing and ugly “art” hung in institutions telling us what’s great and what’s not. They will make you believe something that’s not true. You will continue being confused about what you’re seeing, saying to yourself that you don’t understand art.

    The sad part is that the average Joe and Jane pay their taxes to support the government spending while wealthy people who can really contribute to the well-being of our society avoid doing just that.

    If you’re an artist and want to take part in this marketing machine, now you know what to do. You can try getting into the shows at the art museums in New York or connect to a powerful player in the artworld who would promote your art.

    As a side note, you can read about various cases and corruption schemes in this book. It’s a great read to understand other art-related issues as well. Art Law in a Nutshell, 6th Edition https://amzn.to/3Ds3SmJ Art Law in a Nutshell presents an overview of the legal issues concerning art. It covers the definition of art, and the theft and movement of art in wartime and peacetime. It examines the business of art for artists, dealers, museums, and collectors, including art as an investment, auctions, authentication, insurance, tax issues for artists and collectors, working artist issues, and aid to the arts. It also explains the intellectual property issues of copyright, trademark, moral rights and economic rights, right of publicity, and First Amendment freedom of expression rights. The latest introduction was written by a Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals judge who actually wrote at least one of the opinions discussed in the book.

    SHOP visionary art for sale now!

    Top scams to avoid on Instagram & other social platforms

    As I’m fed up with daily scams reaching my inbox, I’ve listed some of the most annoying ones here. When you’re new to these messages, it’s easy to get scammed but when you get several similar ones in a day, it becomes much easier to spot, report, and block them on Instagram! Below you find the screenshots from my direct messages and comments scammers leave on my Instagram account . The sad part is that these scammers target artists they want to take advantage of because we’re naïve and trusting and want to sell our art.

    #1 Buying followers scams.

    instagram followers scam

    There are two kinds of scams. They either sell you followers for your money or provide you with a service selling “real and engaged” followers. The result is that you spend your money and all new followers disappear from your account amazingly quickly. In the first instance, you buy ‘engagement’ but the engaged followers come from bots of India and Pakistan. It’s a scam that won’t give you real followers.

    top art scams on instagram

    In the second instance, Instagram scams involve service companies. Service companies like Trusy Social masquerade as legit companies but they are not. Trusy Social claims to provide a service to accelerate Instagram growth by delivering “real and engaged followers that are not bots or fake accounts” with ” hyper niche targeting”. This service claim was written on the front page of their site. I tried their service in February-March, 2022. After I started a 2-month subscription to their service I did see a boost of activity on my posts. However, these were done by fake accounts. Trusy also added fake followers, not the real ones as was promised. Those new followers began to disappear daily from my account when I stopped monthly payments. Every such account stated that the “user is not found”. In a few months, I was free of all fake followers losing all the money I paid for zero real followers. While I thought I paid for a plan to get real engagement, accounts, and followers, I got a bunch of fake accounts that left as quickly as they appeared. Btw there is no expert advice or hyper-niche targeting of users either. None. The only true promise was a responsive account manager so that my emails were answered quickly. I paid using PayPal, opened a case, and lost it because their policy said that the company ‘provided me with service’. So don’t fall for something that can’t be true. Don’t pay for followers.

    #2 Art collectors interested in purchasing your art as the NFTs.

    These are incredibly annoying scams. They offer you good money to purchase your art as NFTs. They send you to a website where you need to make your NFTs either paying for them so they can purchase the nfts from you or connecting your wallet and they steal your money. Block and Report such accounts! The NFT is the real thing but the market crashed last year with the stock market crash and now Instagram is flooded with these NFT art collector scams.

    There’s another version of the same scam. They invite you to a crypto trade.

    nft scams
    top nft scams on Instagram

    #3 PR firms selling you PR service writing an article on a big news site like LA Weekly.

    The problem is that their writers don’t really work for the company and at best, you’re buying an expensive spot in an article that may appear as a sponsored ad. My guess is these articles don’t stay up for long either. The cost of the spot is over $600 according to Mogul Press’s outreach specialist! But ‘if budget is an issue’ it’s just $450.

    mogul press scam

    #4 Buying art as an anniversary gift

    I’m also getting emails that look like so:

    Hello There,
    My name is Stefany Lee from Miami Fl, i actually observed my husband has been viewing your website on my laptop and i guess he likes your piece of work. I’m also impressed and amazed to have seen your various works too, you are doing a great job. I would like to purchase ” Blue Lily Dream, colored pencil drawing $2,300 ” as a surprise to my husband on our anniversary. Also , let me know if you accept CHECK as mode of payment.
    Thanks and best regards. Steffany Lee

    These are fishing scams. They want to send you big checks for your art. To make it short, you won’t be able to cash this check because it will bounce, and you might spend around $200 paying for shipping to a non-existing shipping company they ask you to ship through. That’s how they make money…Collecting $ from artists…

    I’m also getting messages from ‘lightworkers’, palm readers, Illuminati people, etc. All of them try to scam you out of your hard-earned money!

    #5 Hacking your account

    Finally, I’d like to warn you about various apps that ask you to log in using your Instagram, Facebook or Google accounts. Many of these apps take your login information and hack your account! Be super careful because you can lose your account in no time and these social companies don’t restore them. Install a two-step verification logging in. At least you decrease the chance of the account hacking this way.

    My Facebook account got hacked because I logged in to INShot photo editing app using my Facebook log in. I had to change my log in several times a day being notified of suspicious activity after that. They broke into my account in the middle of the night anyway, took my money, and posted and advertised on Facebook on my behalf. The scam doesn’t stop here.

    Hackers who hack your account pretend that they are you and try to scam your followers via direct messages. I got messages from a few accounts I followed and they asked me to go to a specific site or give them my phone or vote for them on a weird site. These messages sounded strange to me because I knew the people whose accounts got hacked. It’s easy to get caught in this if you’re not vigilant about the scams.

    I’m going to update this post with new scam alerts in the future. My hope is that you avoid falling into a web of horrible people who prey on artists to scam. If you’d like to share your scam alert, reach me on Instagram.

    If you’d like to check out my work, go here: visionary art for sale.

    https://veronicasart.com/shop/

    Basic copyright law for artists to learn on a go

    In this podcast episode I summarize some basic rules to follow to protect your art from copyright infringement in the US. I discuss fair use, fan art use, copyright protection for art, copyright expiration dates, copyright use of photography, etc.

    You can read about this topic here: https://veronicasart.com/copyright-law-for-artists-rules-to-protect-and-avoid-copyright-infringement-of-original-art/

    If you find this episode helpful, please share it with your friends or

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Copyright law for artists: rules to protect and avoid copyright infringement of original art

    In this article you’ll find some basic information on copyright law for artists. While I’m not an attorney, I have researched this topic quite a bit to give you some clear guidelines for copyright protection for art and what you need to consider doing as an artist painting, digitizing your art and giving images to art magazines. As I worked with various publishers, I didn’t pay attention to the copyright law for artists and I didn’t ask questions where I should of asked them. Also, I had no idea where fan art ended and fair use began. I hope that this article helps you understand what rights your have to protect your art, how to use photos for references, what fan art and fair use of original art means, and so on. Let’s dive right in.

    veronica winters colored pencil

    What is copyright protection for art?

    Copyright protection for original art is a legal framework that grants creators exclusive rights over their original works of authorship, including art. It provides creators with the ability to control how their works are used and allows them to profit from their creations. Copyright protection arises automatically upon the creation of an original work in a fixed and tangible form, such as a painting, sculpture, or drawing. No registration or formalities are generally required to obtain copyright protection, although registering your work with a copyright office can provide additional benefits.

    Here are some key points regarding copyright protection for original art:

    1. Scope of Protection: Copyright protection extends to a wide range of original art, including paintings, sculptures, drawings, photographs, digital art, and more.
    2. Exclusive Rights: Copyright grants certain exclusive rights to the creator or copyright owner. These rights typically include the right to reproduce the work, distribute copies, publicly display or perform the work, and create derivative works.
    3. Duration of Protection: Copyright protection generally lasts for the creator’s lifetime until his death plus 70 years after the artist’s death in the US. The exact duration depends on various factors, including the country where the copyright is sought and whether the work was created by an individual or a corporate entity.
    4. Copyright Infringement of Original Art: When someone uses a copyrighted work without authorization, it is considered copyright infringement. This includes copying, distributing, displaying, or creating derivative works based on the original art. Copyright owners have the right to take legal action against infringers and seek remedies such as damages and injunctions.
    5. Fair Use in Art: Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner. Fair use is determined on a case-by-case basis and considers factors such as the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount used, and the effect on the market for the original work. Fair use is a complex concept and often subject to interpretation. More on this topic of fair use of original art later.
    6. International Protection: Copyright protection is recognized internationally through various international agreements and treaties. While specific laws and regulations may differ between countries, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) are two international agreements that establish minimum standards for copyright protection.
    7. Copyright Notice and Registration: While not mandatory, it is generally recommended to include a copyright notice (e.g., “Copyright © [year] [name]”) on your art to inform others of your rights. Additionally, registering your work with a copyright office provides certain advantages, such as the ability to sue for statutory damages and attorney’s fees in case of infringement.

    What’s the copyright duration after the first publication of original art in the U.S.?

    In the United States, copyright protection for original art begins automatically upon the creation of an original work fixed in a tangible medium of expression. Since March 1, 1989, registration with the U.S. Copyright Office is not required to secure copyright protection, although it is beneficial for enforcement purposes. The Copyright Act of 1976 went into effect on January 1, 1978, which means that any original art created after this date is automatically copyrighted by the creator and lasts for 70 years after the artist’s death.

    This copyright law for artists has undergone some amendments and updates since 1976, including the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in 1998 and the Music Modernization Act (MMA) in 2018. These amendments have addressed emerging issues related to digital media, internet, and other technological advancements.

    The copyright duration of original art depends on several factors, including the type of work and when it was created. Here are the general guidelines for copyright duration in the United States, based on the current copyright law (as of September 2021):

    For works created by an individual artist:

    • Original art created on or after January 1, 1978: The copyright duration is the life of the author plus 70 years after the author’s death.
    • Anonymous works or works created under a pseudonym: The copyright duration is 95 years from the year of first publication or 120 years from the year of creation, whichever expires first.
    • Works created before January 1, 1978, but not published or registered by that date: The copyright duration is the same as if they were created on or after January 1, 1978 (life of the author plus 70 years).

    For works created by a corporate entity or “works made for hire”:

    • Works created on or after January 1, 1978: The copyright duration is 95 years from the year of first publication or 120 years from the year of creation, whichever expires first.

    These guidelines are subject to various exceptions, extensions, and specific circumstances. For example, certain works created by the U.S. government, copyright restoration for foreign works, and copyright terms under previous copyright laws may have different durations. Copyright protection for art and its duration varies in other countries as each country has its own copyright laws and regulations. It is crucial to consult the copyright laws of the specific jurisdiction in question to determine the applicable copyright duration. For up-to-date information on copyright duration, consult an intellectual property attorney or refer to the U.S. Copyright Office website.

    blue lily dream-veronica winters colored pencil
    Blue lily dream, 20×30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters

    Does copyright protection for art in the U.S. work in other countries?

    Copyright protection for art in the United States does not automatically extend to other countries. Copyright is primarily territorial, meaning that it is granted and enforced based on the laws of each individual country. So, while your artwork may be protected by copyright in the United States, it does not guarantee the same level of protection in other countries.

    However, there are international agreements and treaties in place to facilitate and harmonize copyright protection across borders. The most significant of these is the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, which has been ratified by a large number of countries worldwide. Under the Berne Convention, member countries must provide a minimum level of copyright protection to works originating from other member countries, treating them in a manner no less favorable than their own nationals. Other international agreements, including the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), also help establish standards and mechanisms for protecting copyright internationally but it will depend on country by country basis. Son don’t count on this! Here is the case of a famous artist-photographer Jingna Zhang whose photography was stolen yet she lost her case in a European court because of differences in law of two countries.

    copyright for artists-zhangjingna-zemotion case
    This is one of the Instagram posts made by a well-known photographer-Zhang Jingna (zemotion on Instagram). The artist stole her picture by copying her photo to create a painting. All he did, he reversed the image. As you can see it’s copied 95%. What’s more incredible, the artist wins not only the art contest getting prize money, but also wins the case in Luxembourg court!! The artist ripped off her work, won a prize of €1,500 from the government of Luxembourg and Ministry of Culture, and had it presented to Hereditary Grand Duchess of Luxembourg Princess Stéphanie.

    When art is in the public domain in the United States?

    In copyright law for visual artists the image enters public domain depending on a year of first publication. In the United States, original art published before 1923 is considered to be in the public domain. Art can be freely used, reproduced, and modified without permission from the original creator. So to avoid the copyright infringement of original art is not to use art imagery created after 1923.

    Art published between 1923 and 1977: The copyright duration for these works varies. If the copyright was properly renewed, the copyright term is 95 years from the year of first publication. However, many works from this period have fallen out of copyright due to failure to renew or comply with other formalities. Determining the copyright status of works from this period may require further research.

    Works published from 1978 onwards: For original art created by individuals, the general rule of life of the author plus 70 years applies. After this duration, the work enters the public domain. However, different rules may apply to works created by corporations or works made for hire.

    Determining the public domain status of a specific artwork can sometimes be complex. Copyright protection for art can vary between countries. The public domain status of an original painting in one country may not necessarily apply globally. For works from other countries, the copyright duration and public domain criteria should be checked according to the laws of the respective country.

    What are copyright law renewal rules in the US?

    Copyright renewal rules in the United States were applicable to works published between 1923 and 1977. Prior to the current copyright law, which went into effect in 1978, copyright owners had to follow specific renewal requirements to extend the duration of their copyright protection.

    Pre-1978 Copyright Law: Under the Copyright Act of 1909, which was in effect until December 31, 1977, copyright protection initially lasted for 28 years from the date of publication. At the end of this initial term, copyright owners had the option to renew the copyright for an additional 28-year period. To renew the copyright, the copyright owner had to file a renewal registration with the U.S. Copyright Office during the 28th year of the original copyright term. This renewal registration had to include specific information and be accompanied by a fee. If the copyright owner failed to file a proper renewal registration, the copyright expired at the end of the initial 28-year term, and the work entered the public domain. Renewal requirements varied depending on the year of publication. Before 1964, renewal registration had to be made with the Copyright Office. From 1964 to 1977, renewal could be accomplished through either actual renewal registration or by virtue of a publication with a proper copyright notice.

    Subsequent Copyright Law Changes: The copyright renewal requirements changed with the enactment of the Copyright Act of 1976, which went into effect on January 1, 1978. Under the current law, renewal registration is no longer necessary to maintain copyright protection for art. Works created after 1977 are granted copyright protection automatically upon creation, and the duration is based on the life of the author plus 70 years. Determining the renewal status of a specific work published between 1923 and 1977 can be complex. The renewal requirements were subject to various rules, formalities, and deadlines, and not all works were renewed.

    pomegranate heart oil painting, 5x7, visionary art by veronica winters
    Pomegranate Heart, oil painting, 5x7in, Veronica Winters

    What is copyright protection for art on movie stills and publicity photos?

    Copyright law regarding movie stills and publicity photos is generally similar to copyright protection for other types of visual works. In the United States, movie stills and publicity photos are considered creative works, and they can be protected by copyright if they meet the requirements of originality and fixation in a tangible medium of expression.

    Ownership: The copyright in movie stills and publicity photos is typically owned by the person or entity that created them. In most cases, this is the photographer or the studio/company that commissioned the photographs.

    Duration: Copyright protection for movie stills and publicity photos is governed by the same duration rules as other visual works. For works created by an individual, the general rule is that copyright lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years after their death. For works created by a corporate entity or as “works made for hire,” the copyright duration is typically 95 years from the year of first publication or 120 years from the year of creation, whichever expires first.

    Fair Use: The fair use doctrine can apply to movie stills and publicity photos, allowing limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner. Fair use is determined on a case-by-case basis and considers factors such as the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount used, and the effect on the market for the original work.

    Licensing and Permissions: Using movie stills and publicity photos without proper authorization may infringe upon the copyright owner’s rights. To legally use these images, it is generally necessary to obtain permission from the copyright owner or their authorized representative. This may involve negotiating a license, paying a fee, or complying with specific terms and conditions.

    The copyright law on movie stills and publicity pictures is complex, plus other countries have their own copyright laws.

    Iconic Movie stills & copyright infringement of original art

    Movie stills from iconic movies like Star Wars, Mission Impossible, the Dune and alike are generally subject to copyright protection. As creative works fixed in a tangible medium, movie stills are considered original expressions and are typically protected by copyright law. This applies to stills from well-known movies. The copyright in movie stills is typically owned by the photographer who took the stills or the studio/company that commissioned the photographs. The duration of copyright protection for these stills follows the general rules mentioned earlier, typically lasting for the life of the author plus 70 years or a specific period based on corporate ownership.

    Using movie stills from iconic movies without proper authorization or a valid legal basis may infringe upon the copyright owner’s rights. To use movie stills legally, it is generally necessary to obtain permission from the copyright owner or their authorized representative. This may involve negotiating a license, paying a fee, or complying with specific terms and conditions. Unauthorized use of copyrighted material can lead to legal consequences, including claims of copyright infringement. If you intend to use movie stills from Star Wars or any other copyrighted work, it is advisable to consult with a copyright attorney or seek permission from the copyright owner or their representatives for specific guidance and permissions tailored to your intended use.

    Fan art & copyright infringement in art

    Fan art refers to artwork created by fans that is based on characters, settings, or other elements from existing copyrighted works such as movies, TV shows, books, or video games. Fan art is a complex area of copyright law, and its legality depends on various factors.

    Fan art is generally considered a derivative work because it incorporates elements or characters from existing copyrighted works. Copyright law for artists grants the original copyright owner the exclusive right to create derivative works based on their original work. Creating and distributing fan art without permission from the copyright owner may infringe upon their rights. It involves copying, displaying, and distributing copyrighted elements without authorization, which is generally considered copyright infringement.

    Fan art & fair use

    Fan art may potentially qualify as fair use under certain circumstances. Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner. The determination of fair use depends on various factors, including the purpose and character of the use, the nature of the copyrighted work, the amount used, and the effect on the market for the original work.

    However, the legality of fan art under fair use is a complex and context-specific analysis, and each case is evaluated individually. Merely labeling something as fan art does not automatically qualify it as fair use. It’s a fact-specific determination that requires considering the specific details of the artwork and the relevant legal principles. For example, images of Star Wars movies, including promotional stills and other related materials, are not in the public domain. Star Wars is a highly copyrighted and trademarked franchise owned by Lucasfilm Ltd., which is now a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The original Star Wars films, as well as subsequent releases and associated materials, remain protected by copyright. As a general rule, copyright protection lasts for several decades after the death of the author or the creation of the work, depending on the applicable copyright laws. For Star Wars movies and associated images, the copyright protection is held by the copyright owner, typically the production company or studio.

    Some copyright holders may tolerate or even encourage fan art within certain limits. They may allow fan art to exist as a form of fan expression and promotion of their original work. Some copyright holders may establish guidelines for fan art or grant licenses for its creation and distribution.

    Many artists use pictures of famous people for their art or create art based on famous artist style. Depending on the amount of modification of the original, such new, created art can pass as a new creation because it's been modified enough to count as a new artwork. Some artists paint in the style of Picasso or Vermeer but they don't infringe on the copyright because of a considerable modification of the original. There is a debate about the AI art trained to create pictures based on some famous artists and art. Some artists are furious about this but the thing is, the copyright for art may fall into this category of 'created in the style of'' or modified enough to pass as a new artwork. It will be interesting to see how the copyright law changes with the introduction of AI-generated images. 

    Fan art & Commercial use

    The commercial use of fan art, such as selling prints or merchandise featuring the artwork, can increase the likelihood of copyright infringement claims. Commercial use typically carries greater risk because it can impact the market for the original work and may be seen as exploiting the copyrighted material for financial gain.

    Copyright law for artists can vary between countries, and the legal status of fan art may differ accordingly. If you plan to create or use fan art, it is advisable to consult with a copyright attorney who can provide guidance based on the specific circumstances and applicable copyright laws in your jurisdiction.

    What is fair use of original art?

    Fair use is a legal doctrine in copyright law that allows for limited use of copyrighted material without obtaining permission from the copyright owner. It is a flexible and context-specific concept that aims to strike a balance between the rights of copyright holders and the public’s interest in accessing and using creative works. While fair use is primarily based on the U.S. legal framework, similar concepts exist in other countries, although they may be referred to by different names or have different criteria.

    The four factors determining fair use under U.S. copyright law are:

    1. Purpose and Character of the Use: This factor examines the purpose and character of the use of the copyrighted material. Transformative uses, where the work is modified or used in a new or different context, are more likely to be considered fair use. Nonprofit, educational, or critical uses are also often favored under this factor.
    2. Nature of the Copyrighted Work: The nature of the copyrighted work is considered, such as whether it is factual or creative. The fair use defense may be stronger for using works that are more factual or published.
    3. Amount and Substantiality of the Use: The amount and substantiality of the copyrighted material used in relation to the entire work are evaluated. Using small portions or excerpts of a work may be more likely to be considered fair use, especially if it does not affect the market value of the original work.
    4. Effect on the Market for the Original Work: The impact of the use on the market for the original work is assessed. If the use of the copyrighted material negatively impacts the market potential or potential licensing opportunities for the original work, it may weigh against fair use.

    Fair use is a nuanced and fact-specific analysis. No bright-line rules exist, and courts consider each case individually, weighing these factors and considering other relevant circumstances. Fair use determinations can vary depending on the specific facts and context of the use, and the outcome may differ between different cases. In the context of art, fair use may be relevant when artists incorporate copyrighted material into their work for purposes such as commentary, criticism, parody, or transformative expression. However, each case must be evaluated on its own merits with legal advice from a copyright attorney.

    Sacrifice oil painting
    Sacrifice, 18×24 in, oil on canvas

    How to register a copyright for original art?

    Copyright law for visual artists is clear on one thing. Copyright registration for original art is not a requirement for obtaining copyright protection. Copyright protection begins automatically upon the creation of the artwork. However, registration offers certain benefits, such as the ability to sue for statutory damages and attorney’s fees in case of infringement. It also serves as public evidence of the copyright claim.

    To register a copyright for original art in the United States, follow these steps:

    1. Create the Artwork: Copyright protection arises automatically upon the creation of an original work in a fixed and tangible form. Before registering a copyright, ensure that your artwork is complete and fixed in a physical or digital format.
    2. Determine Eligibility: Not all works are eligible for copyright protection. Generally, original works of authorship, including paintings, sculptures, drawings, and digital art, are eligible. However, facts, ideas, and common symbols or designs may not qualify for copyright protection.
    3. Complete the Application: Visit the website of the U.S. Copyright Office https://copyright.gov/ and navigate to the Register your Works system. Create an account and follow the instructions to complete the online application. Provide accurate information about the artwork, the author, and the copyright claim.
    4. Submit Deposit Materials: As part of the registration process, you’ll need to submit deposit materials, which typically include copies of the artwork. The specific requirements may vary based on the nature of your art (physical or digital). Follow the guidelines provided by the Copyright Office for submitting deposit materials.
    5. Pay the Registration Fee: There is a registration fee associated with copyright registration. The fee amount depends on various factors, such as the type of work and the method of submission. Make sure to pay the fee as required by the Copyright Office.
    6. Wait for Processing: The processing time can vary, but it generally takes several months for the registration to be completed. You may receive a certificate of registration once the process is finished.
    Registration of a claim in an original work of authorship copied from the Copyright Office
    Electronic filing:
    Single author, same claimant, one work, not for hire$45
    Standard Application$65
    Paper Filing (Forms PA, SR, TX, VA, SE)$125
    Registration of a claim in a group of unpublished works$85
    Registration of a claim in a group of published photographs or a claim in a group of unpublished photographs$55
    Registration of a claim in a group of works published on an album of music$65
    Registration of a claim in a group of serials (per issue, minimum two issues)$35
    Registration of a claim in a group of newspapers or a group of newsletters$95
    Registration of a claim in a group of contributions to periodicals$85
    Registration of a claim in a group of short online literary works$65
    Registration of updates or revisions to a database that predominantly consists of non-photographic works$500
    Registration for a database that predominantly consists of photographs and updates thereto:
    Electronic filing$250
    Paper filing$250
    Registration of a renewal claim (Form RE):
    Claim without addendum$125
    Addendum (in addition to the fee for the claim)$100
    Registration of a claim in a restored copyright (Form GATT)$100
    Preregistration of certain unpublished works$200
    Registration of a correction or amplification to a claim
    Supplementary registration
    Electronic filing$100
    Paper Filing for correction or amplification of renewal registrations, GATT registrations, and group registrations for non-photographic databases (Form CA)$150
    Correction of a design registration: Form DC$100
    Registration of a claim in a mask work (Form MW)$150
    Registration of a claim in a vessel design (Form D/VH)$500
    Registration fees as of 7/15/2023

    The benefits of copyright registration for original art

    The specific benefits of copyright registration for original art may vary between countries, and the advantages mentioned below primarily apply to the United States.

    Legal Evidence: Copyright registration provides a public record of your copyright claim, serving as evidence of the validity of your copyright and the date of creation. This can be crucial if you need to enforce your rights in court, as it simplifies the process of proving ownership.

    Statutory Damages and Attorney’s Fees: If you register your artwork with the copyright office prior to infringement or within a specific time period after publication, you may be eligible to seek statutory damages and attorney’s fees in a copyright infringement lawsuit. Statutory damages can provide compensation even if you cannot prove the actual damages you suffered, and attorney’s fees coverage can significantly reduce the financial burden of litigation.

    Presumption of Ownership: Copyright registration creates a legal presumption of ownership and the validity of your copyright. This means that in case of a dispute or infringement, the burden of proof may shift to the opposing party to challenge your copyright claim.

    Enhanced Remedies: Registration allows you to seek additional remedies in court, such as the possibility of obtaining an injunction to stop the infringing use of your art. It also opens up the potential for higher damages in some cases.

    Licensing and Commercial Opportunities: Copyright registration can enhance your credibility and make it easier to negotiate licensing agreements and commercialize your art. It provides a clear demonstration of your commitment to protecting your work, which can be attractive to potential licensees or buyers.

    International Protection: Copyright registration in your home country may also facilitate copyright protection in other countries. Many countries recognize and respect the registration of copyright in other jurisdictions through international treaties and agreements.

    Copyright law for visual artists in art magazines

    Leisure Painter, February 2023

    The ownership of copyright in a scenario where an art magazine prints an artwork depends on the specific circumstances and agreements involved. Generally, the copyright ownership remains with the artist who created the artwork unless there is a transfer or assignment of rights in a written format. Also, in general, images belong to the artist but the writing may not!

    Here are a few possibilities:

    1. License or Permission: The artist may grant the art magazine a license or permission to reproduce and publish the artwork in the magazine. In this case, the artist retains copyright ownership, but the magazine has limited rights to use the artwork as specified in the license agreement.
    2. Work Made for Hire: If there is a contractual agreement stating that the artist created the artwork as a “work made for hire” for the magazine, then the copyright ownership may belong to the magazine as the employer or commissioning party. However, specific requirements must be met for a work to be considered a “work made for hire” under copyright law.
    3. Assignment of Rights: The artist may assign or transfer their copyright ownership to the art magazine through a written agreement. This means that the magazine becomes the new owner of the copyright for the artwork.

    The default assumption is that the artist retains copyright ownership unless there is a clear agreement to transfer or assign rights. The specific terms and conditions should be outlined in a written agreement between the artist and the art magazine to clarify the ownership and usage rights of the artwork. If you are a visual artist and you are approached by an art magazine or any other publication to feature your artwork, it’s advisable to review any agreements or contracts carefully, consider consulting with a copyright attorney, and negotiate the terms to ensure that you retain appropriate rights and receive fair compensation for the use of your art. I would ask the editor directly about the copyright ownership before agreeing to give art or write a specific article.

    Ai-generated art & copyright infringement in art

    visionary art-veronica winters art blog
    https://veronicasart.com/what-is-visionary-art-themes-style-and-artists/ | AI-generated image

    The application of copyright law to AI-created images is evolving as technology advances. Here are some key considerations regarding copyright law for visual artists and AI-generated images:

    1. Authorship: In traditional copyright law, authorship is typically attributed to human creators. However, when it comes to AI-generated images, determining authorship becomes more complicated. If an AI system autonomously creates an image without human intervention, the question of who qualifies as the author may arise. Different jurisdictions may have different approaches to this issue, and legal frameworks may need to be adapted to address the unique aspects of AI-generated works.
    2. Human Involvement: If human input, creative choices, or interventions are involved in the AI-generated image, the law may consider the human as the author or co-author, depending on the extent of their contribution. For instance, if an artist utilizes AI tools as a tool to assist or enhance their creative process, they may retain copyright over the resulting work.
    3. Originality and Fixation: Copyright protection generally requires that a work be original and fixed in a tangible medium of expression. If an AI system generates images based on pre-existing works or data without adding sufficient originality, the resulting images may not meet the threshold of originality required for copyright protection. However, if the AI system creates novel and original images that are fixed in a tangible medium, they may qualify for copyright protection.
    4. Ownership: Ownership of copyright in AI-generated images can be complex and may depend on various factors, such as contractual agreements or specific laws in the jurisdiction. It is important to consider who owns or controls the AI system, as well as any agreements or terms of use associated with its usage.
    5. Derivative Works: If an AI-generated image is based on pre-existing copyrighted works, it may be considered a derivative work. Creating and distributing AI-generated images based on copyrighted materials without permission may infringe upon the original copyright owner’s rights.
    6. Fair Use and Transformative Use: The fair use doctrine, which allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission, may apply to AI-generated images under certain circumstances. If the AI-generated image is used for purposes such as criticism, commentary, parody, or transformative use, it may be considered fair use. However, fair use is a fact-specific analysis and should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

    I hope that this article helps you protect your original art and make informative decisions about the copyright law for visual artists moving forward.

    One of the helpful books about art law, corruption in the art market and other issues can be found in this book- “Art Law in a Nutshell” by DuBoff-King.

    SHOP visionary art for sale now!

    4 best colored pencil shading techniques

    Learn how to create depth and dimension in your colored pencil drawings with these top four colored pencil shading techniques. In this article you’ll discover the most useful shading techniques that you can apply to any subject you draw. I also share some necessary tools that can help you create colorful pencil drawings.

    Colored pencil shading techniques in art help create the illusion of depth, volume, and form in a two-dimensional artwork.

    Before you begin drawing, place your paper on a hard and smooth surface. You can use the backing from your drawing pad. Don't draw on soft surfaces under your paper because your drawings will lack definition. It's much easier to create tight shading and sharp edges drawing on paper that has a field sketch board underneath it. They come in different sizes under many brands.
    

    #1 Crosshatching in colored pencil drawing

    Crosshatching in art definition:

    Crosshatching is the most useful colored pencil shading technique that’s used to create a variety of effects in colored pencil drawings including volume creation and blending. Hatching involves creating parallel lines or strokes to indicate shading. The lines can be closely spaced or widely spaced, depending on the desired effect. By varying the density and direction of the lines, different values and textures can be achieved.

    Top 4 shading techniques
    This is an example of hatching shading technique. I used 3 different colored pencils to make the lines shading in a single direction.
    Crosshatching shading concept

    Cross-hatching is similar to hatching, but it involves layering sets of parallel lines in different directions. By overlapping the lines, darker and more complex shading with colored pencils can be achieved, creating depth with colored pencils. When I crosshatch the lines, I rotate my paper often to create tight shading with depth and volume. If you shade every object in one direction, you’ll make it look flat lacking volume. Crosshatching is the most useful shading technique for beginners and advanced artists.

    hatching and crosshatching-shading techniques with colored pencils-veronica winters
    In the first image you can see a lot of hatching. In the second image the hatching lines “get canceled” by applying the same lines in a different direction-crosshatching them. When shading is tight and continuous those lines become almost unseen and well-blended.

    #2 Colored pencil shading with tiny circles

    I often use shading with tiny circles to blend colored pencils, to soften the edges around the highlights, to make transitions between the tones, and to add colorful dimension to my art. This meticulous method of shading with tiny circles allows for precise control in color application. Because we see no visible lines, shading with tiny circles allows artists to create subtle variations in light and shadow, adding dimension to colored pencil drawings.

    Pencil pressure is important using this shading technique. The more pencil pressure you use, the more blended the surface will be. Usually, art students look for special tools and blending techniques for colored pencils, but most blending can be done with simple shading with tiny circles, drawing on Bristol Vellum paper!

    child of love, colored pencil on paper, close up,19x25, veronica winters
    In this closeup you can notice shading with tiny circles around the highlights/strong lights. I also did a lot of shading with circles on the boy’s skin not to make strong, linear lines. | Child of love, colored pencil on paper, close up,19×25

    #3 Creating contrast with strong and soft edges in colored pencil drawing

    Creating depth with colored pencils involves artistic control of edges. Art students shade everything the same way. Therefore, art lacks contrast and definition. I make a creative decision what I want to have in focus and out of focus. This is where the edges come in. To define the edge you must use a very sharp point of colored pencil. Re-define and outline the sharpest edges during your entire shading process because they tend to disappear during shading with colored pencils. Step back from your drawing to see if they pop or not. I usually place sharp edges in my focal point.

    Not everything must have a strong edge. Some edges must remain soft and muted as we see them in real life. Therefore, I intentionally blend, soften or crosshatch some of the edges to keep them out of focus. It’s one of the most useful colored pencil shading techniques.

    closeup detail, psychedelic art
    In this closeup you can see that the forest floor has soft shading and edges. The lights are not outlined. The wing is. The wing has strong lights and edges to bring it forward. | Magic Tree Portal, drawing detail, colored pencil drawing on matboard by Veronica Winters

    #4 Shading with greys to blend the colored pencils

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Create, colored pencil drawing, 19×25 inches

    I love adding dimension to colored pencil drawings by shading with grey colored pencils over the previously applied color layer. It does two things. This shading technique does awesome blending without the use of solvents or time-consuming blending with pencil blenders. Second, this shading technique adds new dimension to color in art. By making some areas less bright, I’m able to control and bring forward major colors that are part of my overall composition and design. This is one of my favorite shading techniques for portraits because I can create depth with colored pencils, shading over local colors.

    Blue lily dream, 20x30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters
    This is a closeup of one of my colored pencil drawings where I used a lot of grey colored pencils to shade the fabric. I applied some colors first and then shaded over them with light greys. | Blue lily dream, detail, 20×30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters

    Normally I don’t use the stippling technique because it’s too time-consuming but if you have a subject calling for it, by all means use it. All four shading techniques can be used in colored pencil drawing of any subject – landscape, still life, portrait, etc.

    If you’d like to learn more about colored pencil techniques, check out the video courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Happy drawing!

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Art supplies:

    How to use grids in art to create realist painting

    What is a grid method in art?

    The grid method is a technique used in drawing and painting to help artists accurately replicate an image or scene changing the scale of the picture. The artgrid is one of the ways to transfer the outlines onto enlarged canvas with maximum precision. The artist can grid a small reference photo to enlarge the image to a big canvas with maximum accuracy. It involves breaking the reference image into a grid of equally-sized squares, and then creating an enlarged grid on the drawing or painting surface. The artist then copies the lines seen in each square of the grid with the corresponding details of the reference, resulting in a precise and proportionate representation of the original image. It’s especially useful in portrait and figure painting.

    Hyperrealist artists often use grids in art to create realistic portraits, landscapes, still life or other complex compositions that require precise proportions and details. It takes many years to learn to create accurate and precise drawings by hand and the grid process helps achieve the same result in a much shorter time. The realist artist spends his time working on an original idea and outline sketch, erasing and composing the image on a sketch piece of paper. Then he simply grids that sketch to enlarge it to a desired scale getting ready to paint it. Having clean outlines and no residue on canvas is important to realist drawing and painting. By breaking down the complex picture into smaller, manageable parts, the artist can focus on recreating one section at a time, which can make the process of transferring the overall composition less overwhelming. Therefore, grids in art or gridding is often used by artists although it’s not the only way to transfer and upscale images. Nowadays, artists use projectors, transfer paper, print outs, etc for this purpose.

    You can take almost any image and grid it using a pencil and a ruler. Number each square and transfer the lines you see inside each square. See the demo below.

    How to use grids in art

    To use the grid method, the artist first needs to select a reference image or a composite scene to draw or paint. The artist needs to decide on the size of the grid squares, which often depends on the image’s complexity. Once the grid is established on both the reference image and the drawing or painting surface, the artist can start filling in each square with the corresponding details, using the lines of the grid as a guide for accurate placement and proportion. In the images below, you can see my process of gridding the photo and then transferring or copying the outline onto my drawing paper.

    how to use grid in art-grid method-veronica winters
    How to use grids in art: Besides using the transfer paper or a light box, you can use the grid method to enlarge and transfer images onto your fine paper or canvas. The grid method is one of the oldest methods used by artists including Durer. Print your reference and then measure equal squares of 1 inch to divide the space. The length of each square is your choice and depends on the complexity of the reference. If the image has lots of details, you can make smaller squares to be more precise about image transfer. Say, it could be half an inch square. If the reference is simple like you see above than a 1.5inch distance is ok. Pick an even number because it’s much easier to measure and grid it. I use a very light pencil pressure to do artgrids. Also I use the 2B graphite pencil and the kneaded eraser to erase the artgrid afterwards.
    This reference’s ratio is about 6×10 inches, which means that I can enlarge it to 12×20, 18×30, 24×40 and so on. You multiply the number by two to get the enlargement. Also if the image has lots of squares, you want to number them both vertically and horizontally to keep track of the squares when you begin to transfer the image.
    This is a sample rather detailed grid you can use for your designs. If you use Photoshop you can layer the grid over the image and use ‘multiply’ function to see the grid on your reference.

    Is grid art cheating?

    The short answer is no. Is using a ruler by an architect called cheating? It’s simply a tool to achieve the accurate result. You also learn to eye-size the objects from a reference doing art grids. So there is nothing wrong with it, in my opinion. While the grid method is a useful tool for artists, some argue that it can also hinder creativity and spontaneity in the artistic process. It depends on the art style, in my view. I doubt it hinders your creativity. Abstract artists and many other artists who paint with spontaneity simply don’t need to use the grid because their painting technique isn’t about meticulous precision, rather it’s about gesture and expression – the opposite technique and result of the hyperrealist painters.

    colored pencil techniques video course by veronica winters
    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Who invented the grid method in art?

    Grids in Art History

    I think it’s not quite clear who invented the grid method to upscale and transfer images but at the same time the grids or the grid lines were used with different intent and purpose for centuries including Egyptians and Greeks. Mathematical grids have a different purpose from the artist’s, using an artgrid to scale-up and transfer the image. Art grids used in architecture had a different purpose from a simple image transfer and enlargement. Grids were important in design because they were used to create balanced and harmonious designs and compositions involving geometry, math and scale as you can see in one of the pictures below.

    One of the churches’ interior in Venice where you can see a complex mosaic floor design. Photo by Veronica Winters

    Pompeii geometric floor design. Photo by Veronica Winters

    The grid is a series of intersecting lines that divide a surface into equal parts. In ancient Greece and Rome, for example, grids were used to create ancient Greek mosaics and floor patterns and to plan the layout of architectural structures. In the medieval period, grids became a key tool in the creation of stained glass windows, which required careful planning and precise placement of colored glass pieces. The grid provided a framework for the design, allowing for accurate and proportional depictions of figures and scenes. During the Renaissance, grids continued to be used in architectural design and in the creation of frescoes and other large-scale murals. Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Albrecht Dürer used grids as a tool for creating accurate perspective and proportions in their drawings and paintings. In the 20th century, the use of grids in art took on a new significance as modern and contemporary artists began to explore the grid as a conceptual element in their works. In the early 1900s, Russian avant-garde artists such as Kazimir Malevich used grids in his abstractions, creating works that emphasized pure geometric form and color over representational imagery. Later, American artists such as Sol LeWitt and Agnes Martin embraced the grid as a foundational element of their minimalist art, using it to create precise, geometric compositions that explored the relationship between order and randomness.

    Pompeii geometric floor design. Photo: Veronica Winters

    If you’re interested in art history, geometry and design, I recommend to read “Rhythmic form in art” by Irma A. Richter. I wish this book had more illustrations but you can get a thorough understanding how artists designed their art images based on mathematic shapes and forms. If you struggle with composition, you’ll learn how to apply geometry to your compositions. You can also find many books of MC Escher’s drawings and study his use of art grids, perspective and design.

    What artists used grid method?

    The grid method has been used by many artists throughout history, particularly those who create realistic and detailed works of art. Grids are not useful for gestural, free style painting. They’re needed to create hyperrealist art or art that has strong sense of geometry and design. Here are some famous artists who have used the grid method in their work:

    Leonardo da Vinci: The Renaissance master is known to have used the grid method to achieve accurate proportions and perspective in his drawings and paintings.

    Albrecht Dürer: The German Renaissance artist also used the grid method to create detailed and precise works, particularly in his prints and engravings.

    Chuck Close: The American painter is famous for his photorealistic portraits, which he creates using a grid method that allows him to break down the image into small sections and build it up piece by piece.

    David Hockney: The British artist is known for his use of the grid method in his photographic works, which often involve multiple photographs arranged in a grid to create a single image.

    Johannes Vermeer: The Dutch Baroque painter is thought to have used a camera obscura and a gridded glass plate to achieve the precise perspective and proportions in his paintings.

    Gustave Dore: The French illustrator and engraver used the grid method extensively in his detailed and intricate illustrations for books such as “The Divine Comedy” and “Don Quixote.”

    MC Escher: must have used the art grids to create his complex art compositions that have incredible geometric designs and perspectives!

    Wypych-Anna-artist interview in podcast with veronica winters
    Art by Anna Wypych. Hooked on Art Podcast interview can be found here.

    There are a number of contemporary artists who use the grid method to transfer and enlarge their images onto panels and paper. For example, a contemporary realist artist Tanja Gant (interview) and a Polish painter Anna Wypych grid their surfaces to do realistic painting. Do you know any other contemporary artists using art grids to enlarge their references? Let me know!

    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Art supplies:

    7 income streams for artists to make money

    7 Income streams for artists to make more money today

    We must make money to make more art! It’s difficult for artists to think like a business because our motivation is not to make money rather to create something beautiful. But life is expensive these days and we must make money to make as much art as possible! We must make art to fill this world with emotional beauty, which shouldn’t come at our own expense and endless sacrifice.

    Most artists want to sell in a gallery so we don’t have to deal with the art sales. But small and mid range galleries barely cover their costs. I worked with several art galleries locally that disappeared because their overhead costs were way over their revenue. If you find a good commercial gallery, you must consider it as a partnership not to undercut the owner if you’re approached to sell the represented art direct to your customer.

    Art doesn’t sell on its own when you start out. Don’t wait to be discovered! Have a very active presence both online and offline to sell your art direct to your clients.

    Veronica Winters

    Income streams for artists

    Promotion

    Always assume responsibility to promote your art online, offline and anywhere in between. Use local and national magazines and newspapers to put your art in front of people. You must be of interest to the writer or magazine, so pitch an engaging story on a particular topic instead of writing ‘hey-look-at-my-art’ email. Newspaper journalists like to print artists who have a strong connection to the local community. They usually cover local events that benefit the community. Write a short email with a paragraph how your art benefits others.

    Fan base

    Focus on building your fan base or community around you – people who like, support and buy your art or service from you. This is not about begging, forcing or making them to buy. It’s about finding real fans who enjoy your work on their wall and, want to support you.

    Passive income streams

    Now let’s look at some income streams for you to consider to make money as an artist. There is passive income as well as income coming per hours spent working on a job that can be compare to having a regular job.

    #1. Selling digital products

    You can be selling books and digital products/downloads explaining your painting techniques, or sales strategies or grant writing knowledge- something of interest and value that other artists need to know and you’re good at. You can sell these digital products on Amazon kindle, your web store, Instagram or other social platform.
    These digital pdf downloads can sell on its own without active promotion but these sales would be small and inconsistent. Writing time can vary greatly to create a digital asset. In my case it takes up to a year to write one book).

    Printed books industry is declining rapidly along with digital books and art magazines. However, if you create and manage a successful book launch, your book may become a bestseller. I learned about this strategy many years later so I didn’t have a chance to implement it.

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Launch strategy to sell books on Amazon

    The strategy is to have a strong base of at least a hundred top fans who write a book review at the launch day when the book goes live on Amazon. You must collect as many reviews as possible on the launch day to boost the algorithm and sales of your book. You must give something in return to people who write reviews (digital book file or something else). I didn’t know about this strategy when I began selling books on Amazon a decade ago. I simply listed them on Kindle. The sales were going well on their own years ago but this industry declined sharply and I get less than $300 a year from it now. This doesn’t count for my royalties coming from my latest two books published by Dover. I’m paid in royalties direct from this company every 6 months and it’s 4 times more than my sales on Kindle.

    #2. Selling courses

    It’s a booming industry. I think the decline of the printed book industry relates to the boom in this one.

    Let’s look at your investment of time vs. the benefit of having your video course up and running. I spent an insane amount of time creating my first comprehensive course in colored pencil drawing. It took me almost a year to record, edit, narrate and put it all together. I probably overdid it because most courses are between 1-2 hours long and I made 18 lessons of 1hr classes. So it depends how much time you want to invest into your course design. You must know how to record and edit your videos. Outsourcing is possible of course and in this case you have to set a budget for that.

    Let’s look at your expertise vs. a quick way to make money. Today we can pick from thousands of courses. Why? Because anyone can make a course. The quality of the course varies greatly. Usually the reviews can spot strengths and weaknesses of the creator. It doesn’t mean you can’t make your own course. Think what value you give to your customer to design your video course. If you’re not sure, pay attention what people ask you about most often and consider making the course on this topic.

    A course won’t sell on its own without marketing if you list it on your own platform. Some aggregate platforms like Skillshare, Udemy, Domestika already have students and traffic and the companies spend their money advertising to bring more students in. So if you upload your course to these platforms (which is free), you’ll get reasonable traffic to your course, which would very monthly. These companies take a substantial cut from your sales. But you can upload your course to all these free platforms and get paid from all of them producing just one class.

    To list your course with a full control over its price and sales, you can use teachable platform. However you pay quite a lot in yearly fees up front $348-$3000 /year for maintenance of your courses. That’s regardless your sales or profit. Plus they take a cut from every sale you make, which depends on your payment plan. You do have an option to start with a free plan listing 1 course. I love this platform because customer service is great and they take care of all transactions, taxes and other issues that may arise especially selling courses internationally. An alternative to Teachable is Samcart or Thrivecart. Pricing starts at $49 per month. And I’m sure there are many more platforms available for creators now.

    To sell courses in volume you must have some form of marketing in place or active following to promote it. Otherwise your sales would be small and inconsistent. A sales funnel should be in place to attract new customers to buy your courses.

    #3. Selling merchandise printed on demand

    Selling merchandise printed on demand is trickier than you think. Everyone talks about how great it is to sell prints and get paid but it’s not that simple. No one talks about it. Despite the ease of opening your store and uploading files, you’re stuck with the same problem – low or zero traffic to your store front when there’s no active community around you.

    Let’s look at time spent to open your print shop vs. the traffic problem.

    Again your success in sales of prints relates directly to your marketing effort, engagement and your following on social platforms. New people can find you via SEO to buy commercial art listed on third party platforms like Society 6 or Red Bubble. To be successful, you must do a lot of research first. Research long tale keywords for the product you want to make using Ubersuggest. You need to understand what’s popular and trending in your niche (use Google trends) to create a commercially successful product. That’s one of the reasons why some artists sell prints like hotcakes and others don’t. Look at top products selling on Society 6, Red Bubble, Etsy to figure out what you can offer that’s better. Price point matters selling merchandise. Start researching your competition to see what they’re doing and how they are pricing their work.

    All content on my site is copyrighted but you’re welcome to share this entire article with your friends!

    Check out my art shop here: https://veronicasart.com/shop/

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing of cosmic buddha in frame

    Active income streams

    These are major passive income streams. Now let’s look at the active income streams. The following strategies require your ability to communicate and connect with people, offering something of value to them.

    #4. Teaching art

    As artist you’re in a unique position to to teach art online, off-line, in private lessons, and group classes even if you don’t have a college degree. You can organize lucrative cruise workshops or workshops in a beautiful vacation spots to boost your art income. That’s always been a lion share of my work and income that’s fairly consistent and can be compared to having a full-time job. All these teaching opportunities are totally possible and pay well when you ask for it. You must manage time, schedule and students progress. So if you’re disorganized or can’t set boundaries with people, it could be a problem. But if you enjoy teaching and love to see your students grow, it becomes a very beautiful and rewarding job to have as an artist!

    #5. Working with brands

    Let’s look at brand sponsorships. Brands are interested in your following numbers and active community. Brands can either give you products to use and promote or they can actually pay you for your work promoting their products on social media and YouTube. You need to have a rate card (price list) to negotiate payment for your service as opposed to receiving no money but art supplies.

    #6. Collaboration

    It’s great to collaborate with other artists or organizations that are a step ahead of you. This leads to more opportunities down the road and creates friendships. Connect with other artists (who are ahead of you) and participate in group shows with them.

    Selling art is a very social skill where you have to meet a lot of people to socialize first. You don’t want to be that salesy rep. You want to genuinely connect with people building a relationship over time. Connect with local community, restaurant business owners to display your art. Business people are interested to collaborate with you when they can make money. Think what you can offer in exchange for the use of their space. What makes artists cringe is that we are the opposite of business people. We are here to create something beautiful and money making is not our goal. It’s the purpose of every business person however.

    • Connect with local Interior designers.
    • Connect with spa owners.
    • Connect with people at your local art museum
    • Connect with health care & insurance industry
    • Connect with businesses that don’t relate directly to art so you benefit them by bringing additional traffic or offer other value to display and sell your art. Framing store, art supplies store, musical instruments shop, gift shops in museums, botanic gardens, etc.

    Connect. To speak eloquently about your art for their benefit!

    https://instagram.com/veronicawintersart

    paintings on sale, veronica winters painting, fine art, art painting
    paintings on sale, veronica winters painting, fine art, art painting

    #7. Meet art collectors at art museums

    This idea comes from Brainard Carey (you can find him on YouTube and at the Praxis Center). Buy a membership at your local art museum to meet art patrons at special events and show previews. Ask them about their interests & invite them to your studio to build a relationship with them without asking for sales! This builds trust and friendship. They’ll want to buy from you when you establish a relationship with them.

    Other important things to consider for your art business:

    • List building
    • Publicity efforts
    • Social media growth
    • Connection and service to others
    • Underpromise and Overdeliver
    • Ask for reviews or testimonials from your past collectors and fans to build more trust
    hooked on art podcast with veronica winters artist
    Leave a review of my podcast on Apple & Spotify, send me the screenshot of your review and I’ll give you access to my video mini course for free!
    Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/hooked-on-art-podcast/id1578503310
    Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/601b3tkDmePVnsFPCRrDTm?si=cded1d145ffd4c7a

    Learn from your mistakes

    Learn from your mistakes not to get discouraged and quit, rather to be able to pivot and adjust your strategies. The case of Netflix is clear. Once a disruptor and innovator no more. Life changes constantly and we must be able to adapt and change with it.

    Pick a strategy that’s easy to implement in accordance with your personality at first. Then add another strategy to your action. You must take action on 1-3 strategies to see the results. You need to implement them. Without taking action, it’s just the information without its proper use. Good luck and let me know what you think of this article by messaging me on Facebook or Instagram. 🙂

    P.S. Study great art marketers of our time – Jeff Koons, Kinkade, Warhol.

    Art supplies sold on Amazon:

    You can find me here:

    Because you’re interested in art sales, you might be interested in this article and video here: https://veronicasart.com/the-quality-of-your-art-makes-no-difference-in-sales-what-you-must-know-as-an-artist-selling-art/

    Pros and cons drawing on wood in colored pencil

    In this article, I’d like to share my experience doing colorful pencil drawing on wood. I list both advantages and disadvantages working on wood.

    The advantages of colored pencil drawing on wood

    • The panels are very durable and stable. They resist warping.
    • The panel has a 1-inch depth, which is good for wall display.
    • Wood panels prevent warping.
    • The panels look like paintings that aid professional presentation and make people more excited to purchase art. Drawings on wood don’t need a mat.
    • Because the wood surface is so stable it accepts many materials and techniques in addition to the colored pencils. For example, I tested it adding acrylic inks to its surface. I also added Fine Tec iridescent colors with a tiny bit of water, various markers, acrylics, resin, glass, diamond dust, glitter. The possibilities are endless!
    • The wood panels accept layers of color when primed with the right primer for drawing that I list below.
    • You can play with the negative space of the wood panel by not coloring the entire surface, rather allowing it to show in art because it has it’s own pattern and color.

    veronica winters colored pencil-portrait painters
    “Celestial Day“, 16x20in, colored pencil on wood panel

    Drawbacks in colored pencil drawing on wood

    • It’s much harder to draw on wood panels in comparison to drawing on bristol vellum paper! It can be frustrating to fill in the surface.
    • The surface tends to “eat” the colored pencils.
    • Hard colored pencils may slide off of the surface.

    I highly recommend buying a very small panel to test all the materials and techniques on it first.

    veronica winters colored pencil
    Let it be, 12x16in, mixed media on wood panel. This colored pencil drawing has colored glass, glitter and resin to produce unique look.

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Art supplies list for colored pencil drawing on wood

    how to draw on wood art blog by veronica winters

    Wood Panels

    Obviously, we can find many brands of wood panels suitable for colored pencil drawing. I happen to use Da Vinci Pro panels because they are sturdy and have a 1-inch depth that makes them look like paintings. I usually buy my art supplies at JerrysArtarama although some of them are available on Amazon.

    Da Vinci pro panels come in different sizes and surface preparation. If you plan to draw on those, buy the panels that are NOT primed. You’ll prime them with one of the primers listed below. These panels come in primed for oil and acrylic painting and I find that even the smoothest, primed surface isn’t good enough for drawing. They’re made of birch wood and are available on Amazon here: https://amzn.to/3OUEGw4

    Art Primers for colored pencil drawing on wood

    I did some colored pencil drawing on wood with and without a primer. I prefer using the primer to have that extra tooth in the surface to grab the colored pencils. Primers seal the surface to prepare it for drawing in colored pencil.

    There are several primers that you can test to use to cover wood panels, panels and paper. All of them are quite similar but give a slightly different grip or tooth to the surface to apply the colored pencil to.

    • I like Colourfix Primer because it comes in several colors!! You can tint the surface with this primer and draw like you draw on toned paper. https://amzn.to/3WKbwjm Colourfix Primer Clear 250Ml, Brand: Art Spectrum.
    • Golden Acrylic Primer for Pastels has more texture than the Colourfix but is also used for surface prep. You can find it here: https://amzn.to/43DNbzC.
    • Finally, there’s another ground with superfine texture for drawing –Golden Silverpoint/Drawing Ground. You can buy it here: https://amzn.to/3MSqbq1
    Golden Silverpoint/Drawing Ground, how to draw on wood
    Golden Silverpoint/Drawing Ground is a liquid acrylic used for the preparation of supports for drawing media. The ground is designed for the achievement of fine detailed lines on a permanent, lightfast, flexible ground. Developed for easy application, the ground has a very fluid consistency that will level as it dries. A single coat of Silverpoint provides a smooth, durable surface, ideal for use with a silverpoint stylus or other metals, such as brass, gold, copper, or even a steel paperclip.

    You need to test them first to see which one will work for your colored pencil drawing. You might not like all of them.

    Primer: https://amzn.to/3WKbwjm Colourfix Primer Clear 250Ml, Brand: Art Spectrum

    Art Fixatives for colored pencil drawing

    There’re numerous brands of fixatives for drawing. I recommend listening to the video with a technical cosnultant Ed Brickler to understand the differences and to figure out which ones will work for you. I’m including some of the best ones below.

    Grumbacher Final Fixative is an excellent spray to protect colored pencil drawing. Don’t buy Krylon fixatives as they can present problems.
    https://amzn.to/3MT4WUO

    Sennelier Delacroix Fixative https://amzn.to/3MT4WUO is also an excellent spray for pencils that has a super fine mist. Both sprays are hazardous and must be sprayed in a very well ventilated space or outdoors with low humidity levels.

    One of safe fixatives is Spectrafix.

    SpectraFix is a safe fixative for drawings. https://amzn.to/3OSNZfS Personally, I haven’t tried it yet but it was recommended to me by a technical consultant (watch the video below on that).
    To read about fixatives and varnishes, go here: https://veronicasart.com/fixatives-varnishes-what-you-need-to-know-to-preserve-your-art/

    How to frame colored pencil drawings on wood

    This is a tough one! The panel has a 1-inch depth, which is good to prevent warping and it also aids professional presentation but it makes it quite difficult to find a proper frame for it. So you have to search for “canvas-depth frames” that would compliment your drawings. Regular frames won’t have enough depth to cover the panel’s sides.

    You still must use a non-glare plexiglass to protect the drawing from UV-light and moisture.

    veronica winters colored pencil, how to frame art
    This is a colored pencil drawing done on a 1-inch, Da Vinci Pro wood panel. It’s framed with a canvas depth wood frame (rabbit width is 1 inch to accommodate the wood’s depth), UV, non-glare plexiglass. The result is that it looks like a painting, not a colored pencil drawing. There’s no glare and the colored pencil drawing looks vibrant and clear of reflections.

    “Celestial Night” is a 16×20″ colored pencil drawing on wood. It’s framed with a non-glare plexiglass and solid wood, canvas frame. This colored pencil drawing has high-quality plexiglass with a much greater depth than glass, which offers superior protection from light. However, the wider the depth of plexi the less colorful it becomes because it absorbs some of the color in the original colored pencil drawing.

    artist drawing for sale, veronica winters colored pencil
    “Celestial Day” is a colored pencil drawing is framed with the UV-protective plexiglass with custom-cut real wood frame. The weight is over 10lb.

    To read about framing of colored pencil drawings, go here: https://veronicasart.com/how-to-frame-art-on-paper-and-on-canvas/

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Canvas float frame completes the look of this beautiful, colored pencil drawing titled “Alignment”. It doesn’t have glass or plexiglass.
    veronica winters colored pencil
    Summer Solstice is framed with real wood, black-gold canvas float frame and is ready for wall display! It has a coat of resin with glitter over the colored pencil drawing!

    If you’d like to learn more about colored pencil drawing, take one of my video classes here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Art supplies:

    Contact:

    Uncover the secrets to networking to grow your art career with art advisor Emily McElwreath

    Emily McElwreath is an art advisor, curator and podcaster working in New York. Her formal education includes an MA from Purchase College in Art History with a Concentration in Contemporary Art Criticism and an Art Business Certification from Christie’s Education. Years ago she left the position of director of communications and education at the Brant Foundation art study center to pursue her passion in the arts as an independent art curator, advisor and educator. McElwreath has organized numerous educational talks, tours and programs on university campuses and art museums, including the Whitney, The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Sotheby’s Education. She is the host of the Art Career Podcast.

    I asked naïve questions and got honest answers about art marketing, networking, and art presentation for artists. Listen to the full interview to learn how you can put your best leg forward in your art portfolio presentation, as well as how you can network effectively to build your professional presence in the arts.

    Contact Emily McElwreath: The Art Career Podcast & https://www.mcelwreath.co/

    On YouTube: https://youtu.be/HZxqjGTubuY

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Giuseppe Arcimboldo Art: the fusion of symbolism and illusion

    Born in Milan, Giuseppe Arcimboldo was a rather mysterious Italian painter who lived from 1526 to 1593. He is known for his optical illusion portrait paintings or composite heads, which are made of a variety of objects such as fruits, vegetables, fish, flowers, books, twigs, and animals arranged to create a human form. His innovative style of portrait painting that looks fresh and contemporary even today, was appreciated by his royal patrons during his lifetime. The artist fell into obscurity after his death until the Dada and surrealism movements re-discovered the artist. Arcimboldo’s portraits were symbolic and allegorical, representing various aspects of nature and political power of the Habsburg’s royalty.

    Just like any Italian Renaissance artist Arcimboldo went through years of schooling in a workshop of a master artist first. Artists received training in several related fields that included sculpture, architecture, craft and design, not just painting. He was highly skilled in a variety of painting techniques, including oil painting, fresco, and tempera. After that the artist began his artistic career as a designer of stained glass windows for the cathedral. Arcimboldo was called to Vienna in 1562 by Maximilian to become a court painter for the Habsburg emperors in Vienna and Prague, creating portraits and other paintings for the royal family-Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg (1503-1564), then his son Maximilian II (1527-1576) and his son, the Emperor Rudolf II. Besides portrait painting, Arcimboldo also designed elaborate celebrations for the court, including weddings, festivals, pageants and coronations. He created exuberant special effects and made drawings for the Habsburg family. He also painted landscapes, still lifes, and religious scenes there before returning to Milan in 1587.

    Giuseppe Arcimboldo Four Seasons in One Head 1590-national gallery washington dc
    Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Four Seasons in One Head, 1590, The National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. | In this painting we can see an old man made of twigs, flowers and fruit that’s probably a self-portrait of an aged artist, painted not long before his death. The National Gallery acquired the painting from a New York dealer. The tree-trunk face is grumpy old and comical, but vivid cherries, grape leaves and apples form a nature’s-made crown he deserved to carry.

    Some of Arcimboldo’s most famous weird paintings are:

    Arcimboldo painted several copies of the same idea in his paintings that the emperors gifted to other royalty members and important figures in the European court. That’s why we can see similar paintings in different art museums these days. Arcimboldo painted the Seasons series several times! Some copies were made on canvas rather than on wood, considering easy transportation of art. (Canvas is light while wood panels are much heavier). The Four seasons and The Four Elements are his most famous paintings that were dedicated to Maximillian in 1569.

    “The Four Seasons” (a series of four paintings, each representing a season of the year)

    Arcimboldo, 4 seasons at the Louvre
    Arcimboldo, Four Seasons at the Louvre, Paris, France https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010065017 | Commissioned by Emperor Maximilian II (1527 -1576) for Elector Augustus of Saxony (1526-1586), the paintings show some symbolism representing the royal court. The crossed swords of Meissen and the coat of arms of Saxony appearing on the winter coat, and the date of 1573 inscribed on the shoulder of L’ Summer, signed by the artist. 

    The Four Seasons have multiple layers of meaning. The obvious one is the change of seasons but the four paintings may also suggest the four ages of man: childhood, adolescence, maturity and old age as well as everlasting peace and abundance of the Hapsburg’s empire.

    Giuseppe_Arcimboldo La Primavera
    Giuseppe Arcimboldo, La Primavera, Spring, The Four Seasons series, oil, 1570s

    “The Four Elements” (a series of four paintings, each representing an element of nature)

    In antiquity, four elements were believed to compose all matter. In Arcimboldo’s art these elements contain additional meaning and symbolism suggesting the political power of the royal family.

    Arcimboldo, Water, the Elements series, 1566, Vienna, Austria

    A poem by Giovanni Battista Fonteo offered to the Emperor in 1569, together with a series of Seasons and another on the Elements, gives voice to the allegorical heads, each of which reveals the power of the empire whose power is part of an infinite time, throughout the eternal cycle of the seasons.

    the Louvre
    Giuseppe Arcimboldo, the Waiter, 88 x 67 cm, oil on canvas, private collection, 1570s
    • Other famous paintings include:
      “The Librarian”- a portrait of a man composed of books and other library-related objects.
    • “Vertumnus” – a portrait of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, depicting him as the Roman god of the seasons and change.
    • “The Waiter”- a portrait of a man consisting of barrels and jugs.
    Autumn and Winter: two heads made from flora
    Arcimboldo-inspired etchings, Anonymous, Italian, 16th to early 17th century, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/656760

    Art style & symbolism

    Giuseppe Arcimboldo worked during the Late Renaissance period, and his work is often associated with the Mannerist style, although I think he has little in common with this art style. Mannerism (1520s-1600) was an art style that emphasized the distortion of human figure. It’s known for excessive twisting of poses and highly-detailed but artificial representation of space and figures. Figures were very elongated like they had some extra bones and thus were incorrect anatomically. Of course, it was intentional as artists probably wanted to get away from classical representation of human form. Famous mannerist painters are Parmigianino, Vasari, Bronzino and El Greco. Like other Mannerist painters, Arcimboldo’s work pushed the boundaries of traditional painting techniques and classical conventions but he didn’t paint the elongated figures. His art was a precursor to surrealism being rich in symbolism and illusion, manifesting incredible creativity, wit, and ingenuity.

    a young woman and her little boy-bronzino-1540-national gallery of art-washington dc
    A young woman and her little boy, Bronzino, 1540, National gallery of art, Washington DC

    He used objects to create the illusion of a face. Some of Arcimboldo’s inspiration comes from Leonardo da Vinci who worked in Milan in late 1400s. In the da Vinci’s sketches we can find grotesque figures and faces that may have influenced the artist.

    Bust of woman with protruding mouth-etching by Wenceslaus Hollar after da vinci.
    Bust of woman with protruding mouth, etching by Wenceslaus Hollar after Da Vinci, 1660, the only state, the Metropolitan Museum of Art. | Printmakers made “copies” of famous art to disseminate them to wider audiences. This etching shows a grotesque female figure that Da Vinci sketched. Similar figures and portraits by Da Vinci probably influenced Arcimboldo while he lived in Milan.

    Maximilian’s personal interest included the study of nature as scientists collected specimens studying the natural world. There were numerous objects in the imperial art collection displayed in special chambers. The art collection display included weird metalsmith objects like a nautilus seashell becoming a chicken or a coconut as a drinking cup.

    Arcimboldo-the elements series-Earth-1570
    Arcimboldo, The Elements series, Earth, oil on wood, 70 x 48.5 cm, 1570, private collection

    Arcimboldo’s portraits look like puzzles that have allegorical meanings. While Giuseppe Arcimboldo sought to explore the connections between humans and the natural world, the symbolism of ripe fruits and vegetables is quite subtle – it points at the abundant nature of the Empire. The symbolism of his paintings serve as glorification and celebration of the royal court and its power. For example in one of his paintings of four seasons- Fire is a composite portrait of a man made of flames and fire-related objects. Those objects are the fire striker is the Hapsburg’s emblem that forms the nose and ear. The spark probably suggests the power of the royal family. Pendants are the imperial symbols -the golden ram and the double-headed eagle. The Earth has the suggested crown with some imperial emblems including the ram’s skin and the lion’s skin, which suggest the connection to the Golden Fleece and Hercules. Water represents the sea life with many aqua species. Air is made of a flock of colorful birds. As The Four seasons and The Four Elements were dedicated to Maximillian, they celebrated the Habsburg’s empire and reign over the seasons. As seasons cycle and change, the empire remains eternal though all of them.

    Arcimboldo, Fire, Four Elements Series, 76 x 51 cm, oil on wood, 1566, Vienna, Austria
    Arcimboldo, the Cook, Visual Pun series, oil on canvas, 52x41cm, 1570, Sweden | His invertible paintings are fascinating as well. A grotesque figure of a cook is reminiscent of da Vinci’s grotesque faces. Invertible paintings can be rotated upside down to reveal a different image and meaning.

    Arcimboldo, Vertumnus (Emperor Rudolph II), 68 x 56 cm, oil on wood, 1591, Sweden

    Maximilian’s son -Rudolf II moved the court to Prague. So his art display of objects and art got housed in Prague castle. While the artist returned to Milan, he still painted for the court and created one of his best paintings – “Vertumnus” – a portrait of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, depicting him as the Roman god of the seasons, nature and change. The symbolism suggests peace, abundance and prosperity of the empire.

    Arcimboldo-Flora young man-Soumaya museum in Mexico city
    Arcimboldo. I took this picture at the Soumaya museum in Mexico city that’s why it has such a reflection, but you can see that it’s a variant on the theme of 4 seasons he painted for the court.

    Design and Architecture

    Besides painting, Arcimboldo was also known for his skills in design and architecture. He was appointed as court architect and was responsible for designing and overseeing the construction of various buildings, including the castle at Prague and the cathedral at Olomouc in the Czech Republic.

    Arcimboldo’s designs include:

    The Castle at Prague – Arcimboldo was appointed court architect by Emperor Maximilian II, and one of his first major projects was the redesign of the castle at Prague. He created a number of decorative elements for the castle, including frescoes and stucco work.

    The Cathedral at Olomouc – Arcimboldo was also responsible for the design of the cathedral at Olomouc, which is located in the Czech Republic. He created a number of decorative elements for the cathedral, including the intricate stucco work and the sculptural reliefs on the exterior.

    The Jesuit College at Vienna – Arcimboldo also designed the Jesuit College at Vienna, which was one of the most important educational institutions in the city at the time. The building featured a number of intricate decorative elements, including frescoes and stucco work.

    The New Castle at Prague – Arcimboldo was also involved in the redesign of the New Castle at Prague, which was used as a residence by the Habsburgs. He created a number of decorative elements for the castle, including frescoes and stucco work.


    In art collections

    The Instruments of Human Sustenance in the manner of Arcimboldo-the Met
    The Instruments of Human Sustenance in the manner of Arcimboldo-the Metropolitan Museum of Art http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/367504

    Arcimboldo’s paintings are held in private and public collections around the world. In Italy, his paintings can be found in the Pinacoteca di Brera in Milan. The Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and the Louvre Museum in Paris also hold significant collections of his work. At the Met you can find engravings done in the manner of Arcimboldo’s art. It was common to “copy” and distribute popular paintings via lithography and etchings. Denver Art Museum displays variants of “Summer,” 1572 and “Autumn.” The National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. has one painting but many are in private collections today. According to the Smithsonian magazine ( https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/arcimboldos-feast-for-the-eyes-74732989/ ) the Kunstkammer was looted during the Thirty Years’ War (1618-48), and a number of Arcimboldo’s paintings were carried off to Sweden. The composite heads disappeared into private collections, and Arcimboldo would remain rather obscure until the 20th century, when painters from Salvador Dali to Pablo Picasso are said to have rediscovered him. He has been hailed as the grandfather of Surrealism.

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    References:

    Links to works and references are included in text. Other references are: Arcimboldo: Nature and Fantasy, video produced by National Gallery of Art

    If you find a mistake in this article, please email me the correction.

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    What are the symbols of transformation in art?

    Symbols of transformation in art can represent various concepts, such as growth, change, rebirth, and metamorphosis. They represent the process of personal growth, which is often painful and difficult but because we’re able to overcome our challenges, the process of transformation happens to renew our souls. As a result, symbols of transformation in art, music, and literature often represent the journey of the soul or the process of self-discovery. Here you’ll find some of the most common symbols of transformation, most of them having multiple meanings depending on context and culture.

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Create, colored pencil drawing, 19×25 inches

    What are the symbols and meanings of transformation in art?

    Tree

    Magic Tree Portal, colored pencil drawing on matboard by Veronica Winters
    Magic Tree Portal, colored pencil drawing on matboard, 20x30in by Veronica Winters

    The tree is a common symbol of growth and transformation because it grows from a seed into a large, complex organism. It can also represent strength, stability, and resilience. The concept of a “Tree of Life” is present in every ancient culture on our planet. It has the everlasting quality and wisdom, connecting the Earth to both Heaven and the Underworld.

    The Aztecs believed that gods traveled up and down the Ceiba tree, a cotton tree with a large, broad trunk. Some scholars believe it served as a model for the Mesoamerican world tree, connecting the underworld, earthly realm, and heavens.

    tree of life mural design-Mexico city-veronica winters art blog
    Tree of Life, mural design of the indigenous peoples, Mexico city, photo-veronica winters

    Water

    Water is a powerful symbol of transformation in art, representing the ability to cleanse, purify, and renew oneself. It’s constantly changing form and shape, from liquid to vapor to ice. In myths and art we often see gold or silver chalices filled with water to use in mythical ceremonies. In Christian religious ceremonies water represents purification, renewal, and regeneration.

    underwater painting of woman veronica winters painting
    Descend, oil painting on canvas, 36×48 inches, Veronica Winters

    Butterflies

    Butterflies are often used as symbols of transformation in art, representing the process of metamorphosis from a caterpillar to a beautiful winged creature. It’s seen as a symbol of rebirth, renewal, and resurrection. It can also represent the journey of self-discovery, as the caterpillar must shed its skin and emerge from its cocoon in order to become a butterfly. The butterfly is a symbol of transformation because it begins its life as a caterpillar and then undergoes a metamorphosis into a beautiful butterfly. This process can be seen as a metaphor for the journey of the soul, as we all undergo changes and transformations throughout our lives.

    art symbols
    Butterflies printed on ancient Greek golden disks (top image) were excavated in ancient site of Mycenae, Greece. They date to 16 BCE. A butterfly was a symbol of the soul in the ancient Greek world. Cocoon was a symbol of rebirth. Pomegranate was a symbol of bounty. Gold balances represented the weighting of the soul in the Underworld. | Photo: Veronica Winters

    blooming heart colored pencil drawing by veronica winters-15.5x25
    blooming heart colored pencil drawing by veronica winters

    Moth – Similar to the butterfly, the moth is also a symbol of transformation due to its metamorphosis from a cocoon. However, it is often associated with darker, more mysterious transformation.

    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, louvre-veronica winters art blog
    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture at the Louvre, photo: Veronica Winters

    The lotus

    Bliss, 18x24in, closeup of oil painting by veronica winters

    The lotus is a symbol of purity and enlightenment in Asian cultures, as it grows from the mud at the bottom of a pond and emerges into the sunlight. It can represent the journey of spiritual growth, as we strive to rise above our limitations and achieve a higher level of understanding. We often see the representation of Buddha and Bodhisattvas sitting on an open lotus.

    Ancient Egyptian blue lotus art found in Florence’s archeological museum. Photo: Veronica Winters

    We can find the depictions of the blue lotus in Egyptian culture that is said to have psychedelic powers. The lotus grows in muddy water and yet produces beautiful flowers that can be seen as a metaphor for the process of overcoming adversity and finding beauty in the midst of darkness.

    romantic paintings of women popsurrealism
    Where Joy Blooms, 12×16 inches, oil and aluminum leaf on panel, unframed, available
    blue lily dream-veronica winters colored pencil
    Blue lily dream, 20×30 inches, colored pencil on art board by Veronica Winters

    The yin and yang

    The yin and yang symbol is a symbol of balance and harmony. It can represent the duality of nature, as everything has its opposite. It can also represent the journey of self-integration, as we strive to find balance within ourselves. We must have both light and dark to live in balance and understand and experience all feelings. Nature also finds harmony in this constantly shifting duality.


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    The Triquetra

    The triquetra is a symbol that has been used by many cultures and religions throughout history, but it is perhaps best known as a Celtic Trinity Knot symbol that represents the concept of unity and interconnectedness. The word “triquetra” comes from Latin, and it means “three-cornered.” The symbol itself consists of three interlocking loops or arcs, forming a shape that resembles three interconnected circles or a trefoil knot.

    In Celtic culture, the triquetra was often used to represent the three aspects of the goddess, or the three realms of earth, sea, and sky. It was also used as a symbol of the Holy Trinity in Christianity, with the three loops representing the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. In other cultures, the triquetra has been used to represent other concepts such as past, present, and future, or birth, life, and death. It has also been associated with various mystical and spiritual beliefs, such as the power of threes and the interconnectedness of all things.

    Snake

    In Latin America:

    snakes -feathered serpent at National Museum of Anthropology in mexico-veronica winters art blog
    “Feathered Serpent” at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City

    The snake is a symbol of transformation in many cultures because it sheds its skin and emerges with a new, fresh appearance. It can also represent healing and wisdom. In some ancient Latin American cultures snakes represented the energy of everything living. The Mexica’s conceptually related serpents to water, earth, sky, and rebirth, depicting them traveling across the sky. In the Mayan “Stone of the Sun”, fire serpents carried the sun across Heaven.

    feathered serpent-20x30-veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    feathered serpent, 20x30in, colored pencil on art board, Veronica Winters

    In Ancient Greece & Roman times:

    In ancient Greece, serpents have mythical connotations and appear in varied contexts. For instance, in one of the myths about the Oracle and Apollo, the serpent or the Python was the Earth spirit, the son of Gaia. God Apollo slayed the Python. I have many images of Apollo here: https://veronicasart.com/what-you-dont-know-about-ancient-delphi-god-apollo-oracle-myths-history-architecture-art/

    The Typhon is a massive serpentine monster with wings, which represents chaos and destructive power. This is somewhat different from the more positive symbolism of the caduceus.

    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/364035

    Serpent Column or Delphi Tripod
    Serpent Column or Delphi Tripod in Delphi, Greece, photo: V Winters

    In the context of the Eleusian Mysteries, Triptolemus rides a winged snake chariot to teach people agriculture.

    Triptolemos and Persephone, tondo of a red-figure Attic cup, ca. 470 BC–460 BC. Notice, that Triptolemos is riding a chariot with winged snakes.

    Marble relief of Triptolemos, Demeter and Persephone. Archaeological Museum of Eleusis, Greece. | Photo: Veronica Winters

    The winged snake
    The term “Ophis Pterotos” (Ὄφις Πτερωτός) literally translates to “Winged Serpent” in ancient Greek. In ancient Greek myths, we can see some chariots run by snakes (Medea in a chariot, Cleveland Museum of Art) or Triptolemos riding a winged snake chariot here.

    Some scholars suggest that the Winged Serpent was more of a philosophical and mystical concept rather than a specific mythological beast. It embodied ideas of wisdom, transformation, and the ability to transcend physical limitations – much like the snake’s ability to shed its skin and seemingly be reborn. The winged snake represented divine wisdom, transformation and transcendence. It signified the connection between earthly and divine realms, which makes a lot of sense in terms of the Eleusian Mysteries.
    The snake is also associated with mystical and philosophical concepts, being closely related to the caduceus of Hermes and connected to concepts of healing and regeneration as Asclepius (the god of medicine) was often depicted with a snake.
    Influenced by ancient Greek culture, the Romans copied and adopted art, symbols, and myths. In Roman times the snake symbol represented Immortality. We can view many golden bracelets in the shape of a snake in archeological museums.

    Red-Figure Calyx-Krater (Mixing Vessel): Medea in Chariot (A); Telephos with Baby Orestes (B), c. 400 BCE.

    Near the Policoro Painter (South Italian, Lucanian, active c. 400 BCE). Ceramic; diameter of mouth: 49.9 cm (19 5/8 in.); overall: 50.5 cm (19 7/8 in.); diameter of foot: 22 cm (8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Fund 1991.1 https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.1

    As an example, in this ancient Greek vase, we can also see two snakes and Medea riding in a chariot.

    In ancient Greek mythology, winged snakes (or serpents) were not extremely common, but they did appear with significant symbolic meaning. The most clear example is associated with the caduceus, the staff of Hermes (Mercury in Roman mythology). This staff typically features two snakes intertwined around a winged rod, symbolizing commerce, negotiation, and divine messenger roles.

    The symbolism of winged snakes in Greek mythology often represented:

    • Divine messenger qualities
    • Transformation
    • Wisdom and secret knowledge
    • Mediation between earthly and divine realms

    In Roman mythology, the symbolism remained largely similar. The caduceus was adopted from Greek mythology, maintaining its associations with Hermes/Mercury as a god of travelers, merchants, and boundaries. The winged aspect suggested swift movement and transcendence, while the snakes symbolized wisdom, healing, and regeneration.

    Hermes
    Terracotta lekythos (oil flask), Attributed to the Tithonos Painter, ca. 480–470 BCE http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/251800 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Fletcher Fund, 1925 (25.78.2)
    Hermes, the messenger god, wears winged sandals and carries a herald’s staff, a kerykeion, which terminates in entwined snakes.

    In Roman interpretations, winged snakes could also appear in religious and mystical contexts, often representing divine communication or supernatural transitions between different states of being. It’s worth noting that while the core symbolism remained relatively consistent, Romans were more likely to adapt and pragmatize mythological symbols compared to the more mystically-oriented Greeks. The winged snake maintained its core symbolic essence of wisdom, transformation, and divine communication, but with slightly different cultural nuances.

    The snake was a powerful symbol of immortality in both ancient Greek and Roman cultures. Asclepius (the god of medicine) was often depicted with a snake, symbolizing healing and regenerative powers.

    In Roman culture, the snake symbolism became even more prominent in jewelry and decorative arts:

    Ouroboros-golden snake bracelet in Pompeii-Veronica Winters art blog
    Ouroboros-golden snake bracelet and other golden snake bracelets displayed in Pompeii | photos: Veronica Winters
    • Serpent motifs in jewelry often represented eternal love, protection, and immortality
    • Funerary art frequently used snake imagery to suggest the continuation of life after death
    • Wealthy Romans would wear snake-themed bracelets and rings as both decorative items and symbolic talismans

    The Ouroboros – a snake eating its own tail – was an especially powerful symbol in both cultures. This image originated in ancient Egyptian mythology but was widely adopted by Greek and Roman philosophers and mystics. It represented:

    • Eternity
    • The cyclical nature of life and death
    • Infinite renewal
    • The eternal return of all things

    Interestingly, the snake’s association with immortality wasn’t just metaphorical. In medical and philosophical traditions, snakes were seen as creatures that seemed to transcend normal biological limitations through their skin-shedding process. This gave them an almost magical quality of perpetual renewal.

    In both Greek and Roman mythology, snakes were often associated with chthonic (underworld) deities, further emphasizing their connection to the mysteries of life, death, and rebirth. The snake wasn’t just a symbol of physical immortality, but also of spiritual continuity and transformation. So when you see ancient Greek or Roman jewelry with snake motifs, it’s likely representing much more than just an aesthetic choice – it’s a deeply symbolic representation of life’s eternal cycle, renewal, and the hope of transcending mortal limitations.

    The octagon and the star octagram

    The octagon and the star octagram is a polygon with 8 sides and angles. We find it as the shape of buildings and rooms. It is also one of the most beautiful geometric shapes in Islamic art and architecture, where it is used in the design of mosques, carpets, and other decorative objects.

    This is a closeup of a ceiling I saw in Seville with the octagram pattern throughout the ceiling.

    The star octagram, also known as the octagram, is a shape that consists of two overlapping squares, forming an eight-pointed star. The octagram said to represent balance, harmony, and the connection between heaven and earth. In some contexts, it is also associated with magic and mystical beliefs. In Christianity, the octagram has been used as a symbol of resurrection and new life, as it is formed by combining the square (representing the earthly world) with the circle (representing the divine or heavenly realm). In Jewish tradition, the star octagram is known as the Star of David and is a symbol of the Jewish people and their faith.

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    The Phoenix

    Phoenix contemporary figurative ainting
    Phoenix, oil on panel 18×24 inches

    Birds – Birds are often used as symbols of transformation in art, particularly in Native American and ancient Egyptian cultures. They represent the ability to soar to new heights and transform oneself. The phoenix is a mythical bird, a symbol of rebirth, as it is said to rise from the ashes of its own destruction. It’s often depicted in red-yellow colors mimicking the fire. It can represent the hope that even after a difficult time, there is always the possibility of renewal, as we all have the ability to overcome challenges and come out stronger on the other side. The phoenix is a powerful symbol of transformation, resurrection, and immortality.

    The Hummingbird

    A spiritual symbol, the hummingbird is a tiny, colorful bird that is known for its rapid wing beats and ability to hover in the air. In many cultures, it is considered a symbol of joy, love, beauty, and positive energy. Its presence is believed to bring joy and happiness, and it is often seen as a messenger of hope and renewal.

    In Native American traditions, the hummingbird is often seen as a messenger of joy and happiness. Its rapid wing beats are believed to create a vibration that can bring positive energy and lightness of being to those around it. The bird is also associated with love and harmony, and its presence is said to be a sign of good luck in matters of the heart. In other cultures, such as in Central and South America, the hummingbird is associated with energy, vitality, and transformation. Its ability to hover in the air is seen as a symbol of agility and adaptability, and its brightly colored feathers are believed to represent the sun and its life-giving energy.

    Masks

    Masks are often used as symbols of transformation in art, particularly in African cultures. They represent the ability to transform oneself into a different being or persona. The Venetian masks counseled the real person in carnivals. Artists often use the mask as a symbol of revealing your true self “once all masks get removed” metaphorically speaking.

    oil painting of lovers in Venice
    Promises: Lovers of Venice, 18×24″ oil on gilded panel, available

    Skull

    Although the skull is associated with death and the impermanence of life, it can also be seen as a symbol of transformation because it represents the cycle of life and death, or the idea of rebirth or transformation after death.

    apotheosis of war 12×16-veronica winters

    The Wheel & Circles

    flower of life drawing, veronica winters colored pencil
    The flower of life, colored pencil drawing on paper, 18×25″

    The wheel is a symbol of transformation because it represents the cycle of life and death. This can be seen as a metaphor for the journey of the soul, as we all go through cycles of growth and change throughout our lives.

    Circles are often used as symbols of transformation in art, as they represent the cycle of life and the process of change and growth. Circles are often the depictions of the divine in life. Circles become a part of many geometric shapes in sacred geometry including a geometric pattern-the flower of life.

    Dove of Love, 24×36 in, mixed media on canvas | The painting features the flower of life geometric symbol.

    The Sun

    The sun has various interpretations depending on culture and time. In Egypt, the god of the sun was Horus often shown in a human form with a falcon head that was also represented as a beetle crossing the sky. Horus held the supreme power over the universe as creator and sustainer in Egyptian mythology.

    “The god of the rising sun grants life and dominion over all that the sun encircles for one million one hundred thousand years…”

    Ancient Egyptian sign. the Met
    transformation
    Faience Wedjat-eye amulet, Egyptian, ca. 1090–900 BCE, on view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 171

    The Egyptian god Horus had a human body and the head of a falcon. His eye represents the sun, whose setting and rising symbolizes loss and recovery in Egypt. | http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/243794
    Relief panel showing two baboons offering the wedjat eye to the sun god Khepri, who holds the Underworld sign, Late Period–Ptolemaic Period, 400–200 BC.
    Two baboons offer wedjat eyes to Khepri, the newborn sun in a beetle form. Khepri (the beetle) holds a disk with a star above it that represents the Underworld. The sun with the rays is below the beetle. According to the Met, the baboons seem to represent Thoth because they hold the wedjat eye signs and wear the shen-rings on their heads that look like the moon disk and horns of the Thoth baboon. http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/549700
    Pectoral and Necklace of Sithathoryunet with the Name of Senwosret II, Middle Kingdom, Dynasty 12
    Reign: reign of Senwosret II, Date: ca. 1887–1878 B.C. Gold, carnelian, lapis lazuli, turquoise, garnet (pectoral), Gold, carnelian, lapis lazuli, turquoise, green feldspar (necklace).
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/544232

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    Other ancient symbols:

    Discovered in Egypt and dating from the 100s BCE to the 400s CE, the Greek Magical Papyri list a wide variety of plants used in their spells and rituals in ancient Greece! Here are some of the plants and their symbolism that are mentioned:

    Peony: Often used in love spells and potions.
    Lily: Associated with beauty, love, and fertility.
    Laurel: Symbolizing victory, purification, and prophetic power.
    Olive: Connected to peace, wisdom, and healing.
    Poppy: Associated with sleep, death, and dreams.
    Rue: Used for protection, purification, and healing.
    Thyme: Associated with courage, strength, and purification.
    Mint: Used for purification, healing, and love magic.
    Garlic: A powerful protective herb, often used to ward off evil spirits.
    Onion: Associated with fertility, protection, and healing.
    Fig: Symbolizing abundance, prosperity, and fertility.

    The Pomegranate

    A pomegranate is a fruit associated with both fecundity and death in Greek myths. It’s also written as a symbol of bounty, fertility, rebirth, and the underworld in ancient Greek history.

    Golden Pomegranate Heart, oil painting, 5x7in, Veronica Winters
    Golden Pomegranate Heart, oil painting, 5x7in, Veronica Winters

    The pomegranate has been associated with funerary beliefs and rituals throughout ancient Greek art. The mythological expression comes from the Greek myth of Persephone, daughter of the goddess Demeter. She spends half of each year in the Underworld after eating the seeds of the pomegranate given by the god of the Underworld and her husband, Hades.

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    Unlocking the secrets of master oil painters: interview with George O’Hanlon & Tatiana Zaytseva at Natural Pigments

    Learn why the 20th-century art will be lost faster than the old masters’ paintings housed in various art collections worldwide. Meet George O’Hanlon and Tatiana Zaytseva, co-founders of Natural Pigments.

    In this episode, we’ll be exploring the hidden truth about today’s art supplies and how the incorrect use and poor quality can cause cracking, fading and other issues with art. We’ll discuss the oil painting techniques and art materials of the old masters. By the end of this interview, you’ll have much better understanding how to use oil paint, mediums, gesso and other art supplies in your own paintings, and you’ll be able to understand the various techniques used by the artists before the 19th century. Don’t miss out on this chance to learn from the best!

    Based in northern California, Natural Pigments manufactures and sells rare and hard-to-find materials for professional fine artists and decorators. The art supply company produces high-quality artists’ materials that were used in historical painting until the nineteenth century.

    Contact: George O’Hanlon, Technical Director + Tatiana Zaytseva, Administrative Director of Natural Pigments https://www.naturalpigments.com/

    Understand how to create the best oil paintings possible using high-quality art supplies correctly.

    Interview:

    • 2-23min Why George went to Russia and how he met his future wife Tatiana.
    • 24-30min George’s surprising discovery of the old masters painting techniques
    • 39min The proper use of mediums in oil painting
    • 46min How the “Painting Best Practices Workshop” was born
    • 48min Is it ok to have acrylic underpainting with oil painting?
    • 51:40min Does gesso quality matter?
    • 57min The importance of having high-quality art materials and how to use them correctly to make lasting art
    • 59min Main advantage painting with lead white. The difference between titanium white and lead white. Is lead poisoning real for artists? The safely issues with the lead white oil paint.
    • 1hr Safe use of solvents
    • 1:09 The lightfastness of colors
    • 1:15 Medium to paint thick textures in oil painting
    • 1:17 Gilding process and preparation of surface
    • 1:24 the best surfaces for oil painting and gilding
    • 1:31 The most famous artist who creates art painting with Natural Pigments!

    Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/zxv_WXHvO6c

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Watch in a video format on YouTube

    How to draw fur in colored pencil: the secret tool you need to succeed

    When it comes to drawing realistic fur with colored pencils, there are a variety of techniques you can use to create texture, pattern, color, and shading that mimics the look of real animal fur. Whether you’re drawing long fur or fluffy fur, a cat tail, dog tail, or any other type of animal tail, there are a few key things to keep in mind. When it comes to creating realistic animal drawings, the texture of the fur can make or break the artwork. Colored pencils are a great medium to use when drawing fur, as they allow for precise and detailed strokes that can mimic the look of individual strands of hair. In this article, I’ll focus on drawing tips, ideas, techniques and a simple tool for drawing realistic fur with colored pencils on white paper. (I usually draw on colored paper and the colored pencil technique is different for that).

    How to draw fur with colored pencil

    #1 Start with a good reference photo

    Before you begin drawing, it’s important to have a good reference photo of the animal fur. Look for a photo that clearly shows the texture and pattern of the fur, as well as highlights and shadows. The more detailed the reference photo, the easier it will be to create a realistic colored pencil drawing. Take photo that has a clear division between light and shade (or highlights and shadows).

    I found this free photo on Pixabay that you can use as a practice reference. There’s a clear light coming from the left and shadow on the right. The cat is very colorful and in focus. The fur patterns are simple to repeat.

    #2 Use directional strokes in colored pencil drawing of fur

    One of the most important factors to consider is the texture of the fur or the direction of the hair growth. To create a natural-looking texture, it’s important to use a combination of short, directional strokes in varying lengths and pressure levels. Depending on the type of fur you’re drawing, you may need to use different stroke techniques to create the desired effect. For example, for long fur, you may need to use longer, more fluid strokes to create the appearance of length and movement, while for fluffy fur, shorter, more jagged strokes may be more effective.

    how to draw fur-photo with fur direction
    Study the fur’s length and direction because different parts of the animal’s face will have slightly different coloring and fur’s length. Use short, directional strokes to mimic the look of individual strands of hair. Vary the length and direction of the strokes to create a natural-looking texture.
    #1- These are rather wide stripes and fur’s patterns that WRAP AROUND the body. Most students draw them too flat. Observe how the animal’s fur wraps around the neck, stomach, etc.
    #2 Copy the unique patterns of the fur as precise as possible.
    #3 Some fur is rather long. Use multidirectional strokes to re-create it.
    #4 This fur is very short but super soft with the blurry edge. Edges are important.
    #5 These are rather long and sharp-edged hairs that wrap around the eye.
    #6 Extremely short and multi-colored fur.
    #7 Very long, directional strokes.

    #3 Layering

    Build up layers of color. Another important aspect in colored pencil drawing of fur is layering. Building up layers of color gradually can help you create depth and dimension. Gradual layering also helps you blend different colors together for realistic appearance. Use a light touch of colored pencil while layering colors, and build up the darker shades gradually.

    Start with a light layer of the base color, and then gradually add darker shades to create depth and dimension. Use a light hand and short, light strokes to mimic the texture of fur. Use a variety of colors to create a realistic fur texture.

    #4 Light direction: highlights and shadows

    To create depth and dimension in your colored pencil drawing of fur, pay attention to the light direction. You must have both strong highlights and shadows to create some depth and dimension. Use darker shades in areas where the fur is more dense, and lighter shades in areas where the fur is more sparse or where highlights are present. Adding highlights can help create a three-dimensional effect and make the fur appear more lifelike.

    how to draw fur in colored pencil step-by-step-veronica winters
    Here is a short step-by-step colored pencil tutorial for beginners: 1. Layer the general pattern of the fur using light to medium pencil pressure. 2. Start with a light layer of the base color, and then gradually add darker shades to create depth and dimension. 3-4. Use Tombow mono eraser to lift out the lighter strands. Pay attention to fur’s direction to do the lift outs. 5-6. Build up layers of texture by layering the variety of colored pencils to create a realistic fur texture. Erase. Layer again. And finally take a very sharp colored pencil to draw fine strands that are darker than white.

    Shadows

    Use darker colored pencils to create shadows in the areas where the fur is more dense. Pay attention to the direction of the light source in your reference photo to ensure that the highlights and shadows are accurate. For that I make a separate image by converting the original photo to a black-and-white one. This way I can clearly see the light direction that I must copy.

    Highlights

    There’re several ways to draw the highlights in colored pencil. It depends on the drawing paper’s tone as well as your own preference. In this tutorial I focus on drawing the lights of the animal’s fur on white paper. In general, using a white colored pencil to add highlights to the fur can be ineffective. It works well when you do the following trick, however.

    After layering the base of color, take the Tombow mono eraser and erase parts of the fur paying attention to its length, strength and direction. This becomes the foundation for texture. Then you start drawing around those “puled out whites”. Then take your drawing outside and spray it lightly with a final fixative. I recommend Sennelier or Grumbacher brands. Wait for it to dry completely!

    To continue building up the texture drawing the animal fur, you can add refined lines in a very soft, white colored pencil. You can continue shading with darker colored pencils around the lights. And you can use the mono eraser once again to texturize the fur even more, shading in a slightly different direction. These are steps 3-6 in the drawing of the jaguar.

    This drawing is a blend of fantasy and reality and therefore the patterns on the animal’s nose and cheeks are not real. They resemble the patterns of the overall design in my colored pencil drawing. Also it’s totally possible to use white markers to define the whiskers a lot more. I simply chose not to do it on this drawing.

    #5 Adding refined texture in colored pencil drawing

    To blend or not to blend, right? I think that the colored pencil blending is the opposite of drawing fur and texture in colored pencil. You want to imitate the texture in the cat’s fur or other animal fur. Therefore, you can blend the colors some at the first step when you’re layering the base but refrain from blending the animal’s fur at the end of the drawing process in colored pencil. Never use a blending stump or a piece of tissue paper in colored pencil blending. It’s ineffective and damages the surface. Use a sharp pencil to create fine lines instead. You need to do this towards the end of your colored pencil drawing process when you have the base shading done.

    feathered serpent-20x30-veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Feathered Serpent, 20x30in, colored pencil on art board, Veronica Winters

    Remember, drawing realistic fur with colored pencils is a skill that takes patience and practice to develop. Don’t be discouraged if your first attempts don’t turn out exactly how you’d like. By starting with a good reference photo, building up layers of color, using directional strokes, adding highlights and shadows, and practicing regularly, you can create stunning animal drawings with lifelike fur texture. Also be open to experimenting with different techniques, and trying new things until you find the approach that works best for you. With some effort and positive attitude, you’ll be able to create stunning drawings of animal tails with lifelike fur texture, pattern, and color.

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Check out the article where I show how to create fur texture and fur shading using scratchboard art. https://veronicasart.com/how-to-start-scratchboard-art-tools-techniques-tips-to-make-fur-texture/

    Art supplies on Amazon:

    The 15 best art museums in the world you must visit

    Best art museums in the world for art lovers offer a unique experience to learn about art history and humanity as we can study art masterpieces in context of socio-economic and political changes rather than from a technical point of view. Top art museums for art lovers offer visitors a chance to appreciate the beauty, cultural significance, creativity, and history of different people from across the world regardless current views on culture appropriation or colonialism issues. While we can argue which must-see museums are the best ones because art is always subjective, I list the 15 best art museums in the world based on the art collection variety, size and overall museum experience. Every art collector and art enthusiast is going to be inspired by these top art museums in Europe and the US.

    #1 The Vatican Museums, Vatican City, Italy

    The Vatican Museums house an extraordinary art collection of most famous ancient Greco-Roman art, Egyptian art, Italian Renaissance art and Baroque art. The Vatican City has a maze of rooms, hallways, museums, chapels, pavilions, apartments, including the Ethnological Museum and the Pio Clementino Museum as well as beautiful gardens and St. Peter’s Basilica. The Vatican library houses an incredible collection of books, manuscripts, and other documents. Plan to spend a day on the grounds of the Vatican City. You must see:

    The Sistine Chapel Ceiling by Michelangelo: This masterpiece is one of the most famous artworks in the world, depicting scenes from the book of Genesis. The ceiling, completed in the early 16th century, is renowned for its monumental beauty and complexity of figures placed in space. Figures twist, turn and stare, carrying Michelangelo’s sculptural quality in painted form. No photography or talking is allowed in the chapel.

    The School of Athens by Raphael: This fresco is one of the most famous paintings of High Renaissance art significant as a reflection of Renaissance humanism, depicting a group of ancient Greek philosophers and thinkers. Located in the Vatican Palace, The Raphael Rooms are a series of 4 rooms that include The Transfiguration mural. Just like Leonardo and Michelangelo, Raphael showed thorough planning designing the figures in space with correct perspective and balanced composition.

    Raphael fresco closeup-veronica winters art blog
    Raphael, the School of Athens’ fresco closeup. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2021 | These pictures get distorted because of the camera’s angle and lens. In this part of the mural you can see the Michelangelo figure (right).
    One of Raphael’s frescoes in the Vatican rooms. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2021

    The Laocoön Group: Found in 1506, a Hellenistic sculpture from ancient Greece dating from around 40-30 B.C., depicts a priest of Apollo in the city of Troy, Laocoön and his sons being strangled by sea serpents.

    Laocoön and his sons in Vatican courtyard-veronica winters art blog
    Laocoön and his sons in Vatican courtyard, Photo by Veronica Winters, 2008 | According to the museum’s notes “Laocoön warned the Trojans against taking in the wooden horse left by the Greeks outside the city gates. Athena and Poseidon, who were favoring the Greeks, sent two great sea-serpents to kill them. From the Roman point of view, the death of these innocents was crucial to the decision of Aeneas, who heeded Laocoön’s warning, to flee Troy, and this led to the eventual founding of Rome.” Pope Julius II (1503-1513) bought the marble sculpture to display it in the Cortile delle Statue. I don’t know if the information is still correct but I remember from my art history class that Michelangelo ran to see the newly found sculpture to figure out if it were made from a single marble block (and it wasn’t).
    • The Apollo Belvedere: This ancient Roman sculpture depicts the god Apollo, and is considered one of the greatest works of antiquity because it captures the perfection or the highest ideal of art in human figure. ‘Belvedere’ roughly translates as a ‘beautiful view’ from Italian. Youthful, nude man has just released an arrow from his bow allowing viewers to admire his lifelike beauty made of marble. According to the museum, the sculpture has been dated to the 2nd century A.D. and is considered to be a copy of an original bronze statue of 330-320 B.C.
    • The Gallery of Maps – a long corridor lined with colorful maps of Italy, commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII in the late 16th century. But to be honest, any hallway or corridor in the Vatican is an amazing work of art that beats the gallery of maps.
    the vatican soldier-costume design by Raphael-Veronica Winters art blog
    The Vatican’s soldier dressed in a form originally designed by Raphael. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2021

    The Belvedere Torso is the marble torso with the identity of the figure being open to interpretation for centuries! It’s a beautiful fragment of a Hellenistic statue from ancient Greece. This fragmented statue was found in Rome at the end of the 15th century. “Current hypothesis identifies the male marble sculpture as the Greek hero Ajax, contemplating his suicide. According to the museum’s notes Ajax becomes enraged when Achilles’ armor is awarded to Odysseus and not him during the Trojan Wars and so he kills himself. “The head was leaning sadly towards the right hand which was gripping the sword with which the hero would take his own life. The sculpture dates from the 1st century B.C. and is signed by the Athenian sculptor Apollonios, an artist of the neo-Attic school, who was most probably inspired by a bronze from the first half of the 2nd century B.C.”

    The Pietà and St. Peter’s Basilica

    pieta closeup-Michelangelo-Veronica Winters Art Blog
    The Pietà, a closeup of the marble sculpture by Michelangelo, 1499. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2021

    Located in the St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, the Pietà is an emotional sculpture by the Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo. It depicts the Virgin Mary holding the dead body of Jesus after his crucifixion. The Renaissance sculpture is one of the most famous artworks in the world. The Pietà was commissioned by Cardinal Jean de Bilhères, who was a French ambassador in Rome. Michelangelo was just 23 years old when he carved the ethereal statue from pure white, Carrara marble in 1499. It is the only piece of sculpture that Michelangelo ever signed.

    The Pietà is a powerful and moving work of art. The Virgin Mary is shown grieving the death of her son holding him on her knees, but she is also shown with a sense of peace, hope and faith. Michelangelo was a religious man and he created emotional depiction of the Christian faith. From the technical point Mary appears to be disproportionally tall in comparison to the body of Christ but who really cares when this beautiful sculpture speaks volumes of human emotion.

    St. Peter’s Basilica is an architectural marvel on its own right that can’t be missed! It was designed and constructed by several famous architects and artists including Bramante, Michelangelo, Bernini and Maderno. The Baroque art, sculptures, tabernacle and dome inside the basilica impress with their overflowing rich decorum, monumentality, life-like appearance and scale. And while it’s not a museum in a traditional sense, it is one of the top must-see attractions for art lovers in the world.

    #2 The Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    the Hermitage with carriage- winter palace-veronica winters art blog
    The Hermitage with a carriage, Photo by Veronica Winters, 1997

    The Hermitage Museum is one of the largest, top art museums for art lovers in the world, housing over 3 million works of art and artifacts in a Winter Palace where Catherine the Great ruled Russia for 34 years, from 1762 to 1796. Catherine came to power after overthrowing her weak-minded husband, Peter III. The Empress was a highly intelligent woman, shrewd politician and powerful ruler who oversaw a period of great change and expansion for Russia. She promoted education and the arts, and she expanded the Russian Empire into new territories.

    Located in a beautiful northern capital of Russia -Saint Petersburg, one of the best art museums in Europe was founded in 1764 when Empress Catherine the Great acquired 225 paintings by Western artists. She displayed her art collection in the private apartments of the palace first, which she called the Hermitage, which means “my solitude” in French. (Russian nobility spoke French until the revolution in 1917). As an avid art collector, Catherine the Great kept expending her art collection that included the antiques, sculpture, porcelain, furniture, giant semi-precious stone vases, jewelry and paintings. So she expended the building for it as well that was called the Great Hermitage and then the New Hermitage Palace after that. Consisting of 6 connected buildings, the “Hermitage complex” is also called the Winter Palace (one of the buildings) because the Empress spent most of her time in it. Her Summer Palace is located in Tsarskoye Selo. Catherine the Great loved to entertain Russian and European royalty with balls, theatre, and masquerades at the palace. The winter palace also held grand receptions and ceremonies for state and government officials. The Hermitage buildings served as a home and workplace for nearly a thousand people, including the Imperial family.

    Main rooms in the Hermitage:

    The Pavilion Hall

    pavilion room-hermitage-veronica winters art blog
    The Pavilion room in the Hermitage, photo: Veronica Winters

    The pavilion hall is the most stunning room in the Small Hermitage, designed in the mid-19th century in white and gold hues with oriental and classical decorum by Russian architect Andrei Stakenschneider. It’s so ethereally beautiful it reminds me of a magical, white wedding cake. Big, crystal chandeliers are reminiscent of the Versailles grandeur. In that room you can find big, mechanical clock with a peacock and moving figures, presented to Catherine by her lover Potemkin.

    the pavillion room in hermitage-veronica winters art blog
    The pavilion room in hermitage-veronica winters art blog

    St. George’s or the Great Throne Hall. Designed in neoclassical style in white and gold, the hall features the royal throne for the receptions.

    The Armorial Hall. Used for special events, this great hall was created for celebrations. The Alexander Hall is named after Alexander I. In the Concert Hall you”ll find a silver shrine of Alexander Nevsky, the patron saint of St. Petersburg, entirely made of silver.

    This short video gives a great overview of the Hermitage showing main rooms in the palace as well as major art collection.

    The Malachite room at the Hermitage

    Created in 1838, the Malachite room is one of the most valuable drawing rooms in the palace because of its precious stone columns, tables, vases and fireplace decorum. Malachite is a dark green, semi-precious stone coming from the mountain region of Russia – Ural. The room also features golden doors, dark red curtains, gilded elements and incredibly rich, ornate ceilings and wooden floors.

    The Diamond Storeroom

    The treasury is located away from the excursion routes around the museum, and not everyone knows about it. The secret room displays the jewels of the Romanov dynasty and St. Petersburg collectors, as well as diplomatic gifts, church utensils dating back to the Byzantine era, as well as masterpieces by Faberge, Pozier and other court jewelers. It requires a separate ticket that’s sold in edition to the general admission ticket to the Hermitage.

    Art Collection at the Hermitage

    If you look at every displayed art object and painting in the palace, it will take you about 8 years to go through everything. At least that’s what they say! In all seriousness, this top art museum is so massive, you can easily spend two days in it. Featuring an extensive collection of European art, the most popular art museum in Russia includes works from the old masters and other famous artists such as Rembrandt, Leonardo da Vinci, Rubens, Van Dyck, Hals, and Vincent van Gogh. The art museum’s collection includes works of art from ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome; paintings from the Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo periods; and sculptures, tapestries, and other decorative arts from around the world. The Hermitage also has a large collection of Russian art, including paintings by Ilya Repin, Vasily Kandinsky, and Kazimir Malevich. You must reserve the entire day to walk through the best art museum in the world!!!

    The Soviets sold over 250 works to the West in early 1930s and so Russian people said good-bye to Jan van Eyck, Titian, Rembrandt, Rubens, Raphael, and many more famous artists! One of super wealthy art collectors was Andrew Mellon who purchased the art and ended up donating his art collection to the government. So these famous paintings are now displayed at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.

    Leonardo_da_Vinci_Benois_Madonna
    Leonardo daVinci, Benois Madonna, 1478

    Today you can view the following works in the Hermitage’ art collection:

    • The Kolyvan vase is a giant stone vase made of jasper by Avraam Melnikov, 1843. It weights almost 19 ton with 8.55 ft in hight.
    • Leonardo da Vinci’s “Benois Madonna” got its name from a family who owned this painting before it entered the Hermitage’s art collection. it is considered one of the most important works in the museum’s collection.
    • Copy of an ancient Roman mosaic floor is located in the Pavilion Hall. The artist is unknown.
    • Canova’s “Cupid and Psyche” marble sculpture, 1808 and “Three graces”, 1816 are so beautiful, they can make you cry. The Hermitage has a collection of 9 sculptures by Canova from the Yusupov collection. Canova’s Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss, exists in two aderations only. In the Hermitage one, the artist draped the legs of Psyche completely unlike in the second one housed in the Louvre. The Yusupov’s sculpture was damaged during the fire in his residence and it was transported and restored in the Hermitage later on.
    • Tenerani, “Psyche in a Faint”, marble statue of the 19th century
    • Bartolini, “Nymph with a scorpion,” marble statue of the 19th century commissioned by tsar Nicolas I. Bartolini was one of David’s students and a friend of Ingres, he created utterly beautiful, neoclassical sculptures that were often copied.
    • James Cox, The Peacock clock,1770s is displayed in the Pavilion Hall.
    • Giorgione, Judith.
    • Diego Velazquez’s “Lancheon”, 1617.
    • Rembrandt’s “The Return of the Prodigal Son”, 1665 – This monumental painting is considered one of the greatest works of art ever created and is a masterpiece of Dutch Baroque painting because it shows the triumph of love and forgiveness over bitterness and loss. There is also Rembrandt’s “Flora”, 1634 that he painted after marrying his wife.
    • Michelangelo’s “Crouching Boy” – This sculpture is one of only a few surviving works by Michelangelo that are not in Italy, and it is considered a rare example of his early, unfinished work.
    • Raphael’s “Conestabile Madonna” – This painting is considered one of the most beautiful and important works in the Hermitage’s collection of Italian Renaissance art.

    #3 The Louvre, Paris, France

    The Louvre art museum is located in Paris, France. The Louvre is the most famous and visited art museum in the world. It houses an extensive collection of Western art from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, including Rembrandt, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci’s iconic masterpiece behind glass, the Mona Lisa.

    The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds, closeup detail, oil painting 1636–1638 by the French artist Georges de La Tour, the Louvre | veronica winters

    The Louvre, the best art museum in Europe, is home to numerous masterpieces including:

    • Grande Odalisque”, also known as ”Une Odalisque or La Grande Odalisque”, completed in 1814, is a Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres oil painting depicting an odalisque or concubine. It is currently housed in the Louvre, Paris.
    • “The pastoral concert” by Titian, 1509
    • The Virgin, Saint Anne, and the Child Playing with a Lamb, da Vinci, 1503-19
    • Saint John the Baptist, da Vinci 

    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, 1793, louvre-veronica winters art blog
    Canova, Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss, marble sculpture, 1793, the Louvre | Photo: Veronica Winters | Cupid and Psyche exists in two variants made by Canova. In the Hermitage one, the artist draped the legs of Psyche completely unlike in the second one housed in the Louvre. I absolutely love the movement of arms and the diagonals of legs and bodies in these perfectly made, marble figures.
    michelangelo, the dying slave, louvre-veronica winters art blog
    Michelangelo, the dying slave at the Louvre | Photo: Veronica Winters | This sculpture is part of a series of sculptures known as the “Prisoners” or “Slaves.” It dates between 1513 and 1530, during Michelangelo’s time working on the tomb of Pope Julius II in Rome. I love how the artist curved the body creating movement in the figure. It looks so beautiful even without the polished luster of finished marbles.
    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, louvre-veronica winters art blog
    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, 19th century, Louvre | Photo: Veronica Winters. I love Canova’s art although it borders sweetness. An incredible talent and perseverance he possessed to create such beautiful works of art.
    the Venus de Milo from the galleries dedicated to Classical and Hellenistic Greece -louvre-veronica winters art blog
    The Venus de Milo from the galleries dedicated to Classical and Hellenistic Greece in the Louvre, made between 130 and 100 BCE, during the late Hellenistic period. Photo: veronica winters. This is one of the best GGrec-Roman sculptures existing today. The proportion, movement and simplicity are divine.
    • Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” – This small portrait of a woman is the most famous painting in the world and is considered a masterpiece of early Renaissance art.
    • “The Winged Victory of Samothrace” – This ancient Greek sculpture depicts the goddess Nike (Victory) standing on the prow of a ship and is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of Hellenistic art. I love this sculpture’s force and movement that communicates confidence and vigor.
    • Eugene Delacroix’s “Liberty Leading the People” – This painting depicts the allegorical figure of Liberty leading the people of France during the Revolution of 1830 and is considered a symbol of the fight for freedom and democracy.
    Jacques-Louis David’s “The Coronation of Napoleon”1805-1807. This incredibly large painting depicts Napoleon Bonaparte and his wife Josephine being crowned emperor and empress of France in Notre-Dame Cathedral in 1804. This gigantic painting (20ft x 32ft) has remarkable detail that you must see up close. It’s an incredible fit of the artistic genius to design such balanced composition in a gigantic oil painting, which measures 6.21 meters tall and 9.79 meters wide, making it one of the largest paintings in the Louvre Museum in Paris.
    Johannes Vermeer’s “The Astronomer” 1668 This small but exquisite painting depicts a scholar examining the stars and is considered one of Vermeer’s masterpieces. I love the quietness and natural light in his paintings, also the suggested detail and mysterious nature of figures.
    • Théodore Géricault’s “The Raft of the Medusa” – This monumental painting depicts the aftermath of the shipwreck of the French frigate Medusa in 1816 and is considered a masterpiece of Romanticism that created much controversy during the painting’s reveal.
    • Elisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, La Paix ramenant l’Abondance
    • The woman in the mirror, oil painting, 1525 / 1550 by Titian
    • Egyptian colossal statue of Sphinx de Tanis
    • Jacques-Louis David, Portrait of Madame Récamier, 1800 is one of my favorite neoclassical paintings by the master. It’s a commissioned portrait of the Parisian socialite Juliette Récamier shown reclining on a classical, Pompeian style recliner. Because the painting is unfinished, it shows brushwork and simplified color choices that are great for a study if you’re a realist artist.
    The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds is an oil-on-canvas painting 1636–1638 by the French artist Georges de La Tour-veronica winters.
    The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds, oil painting, 42x57in, 1636–1638 by the French artist Georges de La Tour, the Louvre | veronica winters. The second version of this painting is located in the Kimbell Art Museum, TX

    #4 The National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C, USA

    elizabeth le brun-madame daguesseau de fresnes-closeup detail-1789-veronica winters art blog
    Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, Madame d’Aguesseau de Fresnes, 1789, closeup detail, oil painting on wood, 42x32in, 1789 | Photo: veronica winters | A court painter to Marie Antoinette since 1779, rare female artist fled France during the revolution. In her portraits she didn’t reveal the turmoil painting classical ideals mixed with the orient costumes popular in art during those times.

    The National Gallery of Art – Washington D.C, USA is one of the best art museums in the United States and the world located in the National Mall among other Smithsonian museums and institutions. Free to visit, it offers an extensive art collection with incredible paintings, sculpture and objects. Build in 1937, The National Gallery of Art is a must-visit art museum for art lovers in the United States, featuring a vast collection of European and American art, including works by Vermeer, Monet, David, Manet, Bosch, Whistler, Sargent, Fragonard, and Van Gogh. Some famous artists include:

    • Titian, Doge Andrea Gritti, c. 1546/1550, oil on canvas
    • Rembrandt van Rijn, Lucretia, 1664, oil on canvas
    • Hiram Powers (sculptor), The Greek Slave, model 1841-1843, carved 1846, marble
    • Titian, Woman Holding an Apple, c. 1550, oil on canvas
    • Georges de La Tour, The Repentant Magdalen, 1635/1640, oil painting
    • Leonardo da Vinci, Ginevra de’ Benci, 1474/1478
    • Jean Siméon Chardin, The House of Cards, 1737, oil painting
    • William Michael Harnett, The Old Violin, 1886, oil painting
    • John Singer Sargent, Nonchaloir (Repose), 1911, oil painting
    • Sir Anthony van Dyck, Marchesa Elena Grimaldi Cattaneo, 1623
    • Raphael, The Alba Madonna, 1510, tondo painting
    • Joseph Mallord William Turner, Keelmen Heaving in Coals by Moonlight, 1835
    • Hieronymus Bosch, Death and the Miser, 1485/1490, Painting
    • Titian, Venus with a Mirror, 1555, oil painting
    • Auguste Rodin, The Thinker (Le Penseur) model 1880, cast 1901, sculpture
    • Edgar Degas, Little Dancer Aged Fourteen, 1878-1881, sculpture
    • Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Monsignor Francesco Barberini, 1623, sculpture
    • Jacques-Louis David, The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries
      1812
    Caspar David Friedrich, Northern Landscape, spring, 1825. I love how this German artist depicted nature – powerful and somber. His mastery of subtle color shifts can be admired in the museum. The pictures just don’t do it justice.
    a young woman and her little boy-bronzino-1540-national gallery of art-washington dc
    A young woman and her little boy by Florentine artist Agnolo Bronzino, 1540, the National gallery of art, Washington DC. | Bronzino was the principal portraitist to the court of Cosimo I de’ Medici, Duke of Florence in the mid-sixteenth century. A master of rich textures and detail, this artist is so intriguing to me because all his paintings show painted figures of royalty with very restrained emotion. The x-ray study of this painting revealed a significant changes made to it where the boy and gloves were added later on, while her gown got enlarged and embellished.
    Titian, Woman Holding an Apple, closeup of hands, 1550 oil on canvas
    jewels closeup of Lavinia Fontana painting at the National Gallery in Washington DC
    Lavinia Fontana, Portrait of Costanza Alidosi, closup of jewelry,1595, oil on canvas, National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington |  Fontana was one of few successful Italian Renaissance and baroque women artists who made it in the history of art.
    Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Four Seasons in One Head, 1590, the National Gallery in Washington DC. This is one of the most fascinating artists of the late Renaissance who was a court painter in Vienna and Prague. He painted the heads combining plants, animals, and other objects that were optical illusions.

    “The flowers and fruit (apples, plums, grapes, and cherries) in the Four Seasons compare with the same or similar nature motifs in Arcimboldo’s other works. In particular, the gnarled and rather menacing tree trunk and branches find exact parallels in the versions of Winter in the Louvre and in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. The Four Seasons has the additional interest of the more engaging three-quarter view, unlike the strict profile Arcimboldo adopted for the Seasons and the Elements. The Four Seasons stands out in other respects as well. By contrast to the whimsical character of much of Arcimboldo’s work, the mood is darker and more somber. The Four Seasons is also the most closely related of all Arcimboldo’s composite heads to the physiognomic studies of Leonardo da Vinci, Arcimboldo’s predecessor in Milan. Painted around 1590, after Arcimboldo had returned to his native city, the Four Seasons is one of his last works. If not a self-portrait of the artist in the “winter” of his life, the painting is a summa of his career.” from: https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.142008.html

    The Annunciation, closeup, Van Eyck, 1436. I think this is one of the paintings that was sold to Mellon from the Hermitage collection. This is a closeup of a larger painting to show the incredible mastery of the Flemish artist. Van Eyck was one of the first artists to master the technique of oil painting. Glazing was one of the oil painting techniques he used to describe the light passing through objects. You can explore the symbolism of this painting here: https://www.nga.gov/collection/highlights/van-eyck-the-annunciation.html

    As you can see the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC is one of the best art museums in the United States to visit for art lovers.

    #5 The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA

    The Met is the largest art museum in the United States with one of the most comprehensive art collections in the world. It contains more than 2 million works of art, including ancient artifacts, European paintings, glassware and tableware, furniture, and some contemporary art. I love how well-lit and structured the art displays are at this top art museum.

    ingres-Princesse-de-Broglie-1853-closeup-the-met-best-art-museums
    Ingres, Princesse de Broglie, 1853, detail closeup of jewelry and fabric at the Met

    The art collections at the Met are divided into the following groups: African Art, American Art, Ancient American Art, Ancient Near Eastern Art, Arms and Armor, Asian Art, The Costume Institute, Drawings and Prints, Egyptian Art, European Paintings, European Sculpture and decorative Arts, Greek and Roman Art, Islamic Art, The Robert Lehman Collection, The Libraries, Medieval Art and The Cloisters, Modern and Contemporary Art, Musical Instruments, Oceanic Art, Photography.

    Still Life with Oysters a Silver Tazza and Glassware by Heda-closeup-the Met-best art museums
    Still Life with Oysters a Silver Tazza and Glassware by W. Heda, oil on wood, 1635, closeup of the painting displayed at the Met. I absolutely love Golden Age Dutch painters for their use of contrast, detail and composition. Heda was one of the best still life painters in the seventeenth century.

    Art Collection Highlights

    There are several Post-Impressionism paintings on view created by Vincent van Gogh. Irises, Self-portrait with a straw hat, sunflowers, roses, and some more!

    vincent-van-gogh-shoes-18x21-1888-the-met-best-art-museums
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436533 | Vincent van Gogh, shoes, 18×21 in, 1888 at the MET
    • Emanuel Leutze’s “Washington Crossing the Delaware” 12′ 5″ x 21′ 3″, 1851- This large-scale painting depicts George Washington leading his troops across the Delaware River during the Revolutionary War and is considered a symbol of American patriotism.
    • Ancient Egyptian Temple of Dendur – This ancient temple was built over 2,000 years ago and was gifted to the United States by the Egyptian government in 1965. Roman Period, completed by 10 B.C.
    • There are several, exquisite paintings by Jan Vermeer.
    Marble Statue Group of the Three Graces-the met-best art museums
    Marble Statue Group of the Three Graces, marble sculpture at the MET | Roman copy of a Greek work of the 2nd century B.C. These dancing girls represent The Three Graces: Aglaia (Beauty), Euphrosyne (Mirth), and Thalia (Abundance).

    There are several portraits displayed at the Met painted by Spanish artist Diego Velazquez.

    Diego-Velazquez-Maria-Teresa-infanta-of-spain-1651-the-Met-best-art-museums
    http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437870 | Diego Velazquez, María Teresa (1638–1683), Infanta of Spain, 13 1/2 x 15 3/4 in, oil on canvas, 1651, at the Met. The daughter of King Philip IV of Spain, María Teresa became the heir to the throne in 1646. In 1660 the infanta married Louis XIV, her first cousin, becoming queen of France. This portrait of a royal girl attracted my attention because of its unusual headpiece. She probably wore a wig with these beautiful ribbons that remind me of the lemon slices. I love how the artist painted the sparkle so freely.
    Still Life with Oysters a Silver Tazza and Glassware by Heda-the Met-best art museums
    Still Life with Oysters, a Silver Tazza, and Glassware, Willem Claesz Heda, Dutch, 1635 | I’ve seen several very similar still life paintings in Europe painted by Heda using the same wineglass, cut lemon and a silver goblet as his props. So don’t be confused!
    man-in-a-turban-Rembrandt-the-met
    “Man in a Turban,” Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch, 1632. I love this painting for dramatic light and heavy brushwork that defines textures so well. He always illuminated the faces in his art leaving the rest of the composition in a shadow. Rembrandt collected a lot of props for his art, so when he got broke he had to auction off most of his collection. Orientalism was a popular theme in art due to the trade between the republics.
    "Man in a Turban," Rembrandt (Rembrandt van Rijn) Dutch, 1632
    “Man in a Turban,” closeup of a painting showing incredible textures and details, Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch, 1632
    rodin the thinker-the met-best art museums
    Auguste Rodin, bronze sculpture, “The thinker” is one of the best known works by the artist. Thinker was made to sit over the doorway of the Gates of Hell, contemplating the fate of the damned. The sculpture got popular among the art patrons and the artist produced several castings of this pose.
    rodin-st-john-the-baptist-the-met-best-art-museums
    Auguste Rodin, St. John the Baptist at the Met. I remember seeing the same cast at the Princeton Art Museum in California. I thought the facial expression was very life-like seeing it in person that gets lost in photography.

    ingres-Princesse-de-Broglie-1853-the-met-best-art-museums
    Joséphine-Éléonore-Marie-Pauline de Galard de Brassac de Béarn (1825–1860), Princesse de Broglie
    Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres,
    French, 1851–53. The Virgin Adoring the Host, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres French, 1852. The museum also has many preparatory drawings produced by the artist.
    ingres-Princesse-de-Broglie-1853-closeup-of-face-and-jewelry-the-met-best-art-museums
    Amazing details of the realistic earring and soft skin. Ingres, Princesse de Broglie,1853, closeup, The MET.
    Oedipus and the Sphinx, g. moreau 1864-the met-best art museums
    Oedipus and the Sphinx, Gustave Moreau, French, 1864, at the MET. Moreau exhibited his painting at the Paris Salon of 1864. He found inspiration in painting mythological scenes and stories from the Bible using his wild imagination that inspired other artists like Odilon Redon and Oscar Wilde.
     Gustave Moreau French, 1864
    Oedipus and the Sphinx, Gustave Moreau French, 1864, closeup detail. “The Greek prince Oedipus confronts the malevolent Sphinx, who torments travelers with a riddle: What creature walks on four legs in the morning, two legs at noon, and three legs in the evening? Remains of victims who answered incorrectly litter the foreground. The solution is the human, who crawls as a baby, strides upright in maturity, and uses a cane in old age.” -taken from the description at the Met.

    #6 The Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain

    The Prado Museum is Spain’s national art museum that houses incredible art collection of over 35,000 artworks including collections of European art from the 12th to the 19th century. It includes works from famous artists such as Francisco Goya, Diego Velázquez, and El Greco. I greatly enjoyed visiting one of the top art museums in the world to see some amazing Spanish artists who painted large-scale art that’s off the art books for some reason. Here is an example of one unbelievably talented Spanish artist- Jose Moreno Carbonero (Malaga, 1860 – Madrid, 1942).

    El príncipe don Carlos de Viana-Jose M Carbonero-Prado
    El príncipe don Carlos de Viana, oil on canvas, 1881, Height : 311.5 cm ; Width : 243cm, Jose Moreno Carbonero at Prado art museum. While you can read the details about the subject for this painting here https://www.museodelprado.es/coleccion/obra-de-arte/el-principe-don-carlos-de-viana/0803bb04-cec0-4544-9890-94c329fef4af the artist painted it at the age of 21! The painting shows the prince who had to live a life of an outcast until his death at 40 years of age. Despised by his father for the succession to the Crown, the prince lived a life of seclusion and constant intrigue. I love how the artist painted his emotional state visually referencing a sad dog, old books, dust and clutter. The prince looks disappointed and resigned. Technically, this oil painting is incredible being painted in lush, broad strokes looking so real.

    The second painting created by Carbonero is even more striking. I wish you could see the sheer scale and all the details in the painting!

    Conversión del duque de Gandía-Jose Moreno Carbonero-Prado-best art museums
    Conversión del duque de Gandía, Jose Moreno Carbonero,oil on canvas, 315 x 500 cm at Prado. |
    Conversión del duque de Gandía-Jose Moreno Carbonero-detail-prado
    Conversión del duque de Gandía-Jose Moreno Carbonero, painting closeup at Prado, Madrid.
    Las meninas-closeup-prado-the best art museums
    Las Meninas, oil on canvas, 320.5 x 281.5 cm by Diego Velazquez, closeup: This 17th-century painting is perhaps the most famous artwork in the Prado. It depicts a group of people, including the Spanish royal family, in a large room, with Velazquez himself appearing behind the infanta.
    the best art museums
    The Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch, 1490 – 1500. Oil on oak wood panel.
    Closeup | The Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch: This triptych painting is one of Bosch’s most famous works, depicting scenes of paradise, earthly pleasure, and damnation. It’s speculated that Bosch (1450 –1516) died of cholera.
    • The Third of May 1808, 1814 by Francisco de Goya: This painting depicts the execution of Spanish citizens by French troops during the Peninsular War. It is considered one of the most important works of Spanish Romanticism.
    • The Descent from the Cross, created c. 1435 by Rogier van der Weyden: This Flemish masterpiece depicts the moment when Jesus’s body is taken down from the cross after his crucifixion using unusual composition in which the Mary’s figure mimics the Christ’s.
    • “The Triumph of Death” 1562 by Pieter Bruegel the Elder: This haunting painting depicts a landscape filled with death and destruction, with skeletons and corpses littering the scene. It is a powerful commentary on the transience of human life.

    #7 The Art Institute of Chicago

    Chicago downtown

    The Art Institute of Chicago is definitely one of best art museums in the world for art lovers. This top art museum in the United States has an extensive collection of over 300,000 works of art, spanning over 5,000 years of human creativity, including works by renowned artists such as Monet, Picasso, Dali, O’Keffee, Magritte and many more. The art museum’s collection includes a wide range of artistic styles and mediums, from classical antiquities to contemporary art installations. The Art Institute of Chicago is also known for its exceptional architecture, with its iconic lion statues guarding the entrance and its notable Modern Wing designed by Renzo Piano. In addition to its permanent collection, the top art museum hosts a variety of temporary exhibitions throughout the year, making it a dynamic destination for art lovers. artic.edu

    • American Gothic by Grant Wood: This iconic painting is a quintessential representation of American folk art. It depicts a stern-looking farmer and his daughter standing in front of their farmhouse.
    • Nighthawks,1942 by Edward Hopper, American, 1882–1967: This painting is one of the most recognizable works of American art of the 20th century. It depicts a late-night diner scene, with a group of customers sitting at the counter.
    • Virgin and child with an angel, 1485 by Sandro Botticelli, Italian, 1445-1510: is a beautiful gentle painting of the mother and son. While it’s not the best painting by the artist, it offers a good representation of the early Italian Renaissance art.
    • A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Georges Seurat: This pointillist masterpiece is known for its intricate technique of using tiny dots of paint to create an image. It depicts a scene of people relaxing on a grassy bank by the river.
    • The Bedroom, 1889 by Vincent van Gogh, Dutch, 1853-1890 : This iconic painting depicts the interior of Van Gogh’s own bedroom in Arles, France. It is known for its vibrant colors and bold brushstrokes. The gallery also displays one of his self-portraits, 1887.
    • Water Lilies,1906 by Claude Monet: This series of paintings depicts the tranquil and serene water lily pond in Monet’s garden at Giverny. The paintings are known for their luminous colors and impressionistic style.
    • The child’s bath, 1893 by Mary Cassatt is one of the famous paintings by the female artist who liked to depict women and children at daily activities.
    • At the Moulin Rouge, 1892-95 by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. The artist spent a lot of time drawing singers and other characters at the Moulin Rouge. This painting features unusually colored singer May Milton sticking out from the right edge of the painting, which gives the sense of immediacy to the scene. Her face was cut off from the painting at some point but then reinstated.
    • Doge Andrea Gritti, 1530/1540 by Workshop of Titian, Italian, 1477-1576
    • John Singer Sargent, Life study of an Egyptian girl, oil on canvas, 1891 – it’s a beautiful painting of a young nude girl fixing her hair in a complicated pose. Created in classical style, this artwork has little visible brushstroke. This painting is a full-length figure study painted in Cairo.
    • Magritte, time transfixed, 1938. This is one of the most famous surrealist paintings by Magritte who combined and juxtaposed unrelated objects together playing with scale.
    • Abbott A. Thayer, Winged Figure, oil on canvas, 1889. This is an allegorical painting of a female figure with wings that looks very contemporary due to its freedom of brushstrokes yet it’s rooted in classical painting.
    • Rembrandt, young woman at an opened half-door, oil on canvas, 1645
    best art museums-the art institute of Chicago
    Tintoretto- Tarquin and Lucretia-art institute of chicago
    Tintoretto, Tarquin and Lucretia, 1580, oil on canvas, Italian, 1518-1594 , The Art institute of Chicago | The rape of Lucretia by Tarquin, son of the king of Rome, incited the people to overthrow the monarchy and establish a republic around 510 BCE. Lucretia committed a suicide after the rape not to dishonor her family. Tintoretto depicted violence with distortions of the anatomy and perspective, placing figures at a diagonal and letting colorful fabric and pillows fly to create movement. The pearl necklace breaks off her neck, dropping down to the floor next to a dagger.
    Eustache Le Sueur- Meekness, bst art museums
    Eustache Le Sueur, Meekness, Oil on panel, 39 7/8 × 26 3/8 in., 1650, French, 1616-1655 | French artist painted 8 Beatitudes, the ideal qualities Jesus identified in his Sermon on the Mount in the Bible. Guillaume Birssonnet commissioned the pieces for his chapel in Paris home. Only the Annunciation altarpiece and two of the Beatitudes survive to the present day.
    Manfredi- Cupid Chastised-art institute of chicago
    Bartolomeo Manfredi, Italian, 1582-1622, Cupid Chastised, oil on canvas, 1613, The Art Institute of Chicago | Manfredi launched his artistic career by making copies of famous Caravaggio. So he assimilated many elements from the Caravaggio’s art style, such as visual balance, light and shadow drama and the use of common people in mythological scenes. Manfredi painted this beautiful piece after now lost Caravaggio. In this artwork, the god of war, Mars punishes Cupid for his involvement in the embarrassing love affair between Mars and Venus (boy’s mother). This visual story may also comment on the conflict between love and war. I’m amazed by the breath and delicacy of Cupid’s skin tone. Also, the rotation of figures and the movement of bright fabric creates beautiful, dynamic composition.
    The Banquet, 1958, René Magritte, oil painting, Belgian, 1898–1967. This is one of 4 oil paintings existing with this title. There are also 5 versions in gouache. Magritte loved to superimpose objects placing them in non-existing relationships. He played with the visible and the invisible motif to create this painting.
    Toby Edward Rosenthal- Elaine-the art institute of chicago
    Toby Edward Rosenthal, Elaine, 1874, 38 9/16 × 62 1/2 in., American, 1848–1917 | The Art institute of Chicago | Toby Edward Rosenthal found inspiration for this composition in Idylls of the King, a 19th-century version of the Arthurian legends written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. In the poem, Elaine dies of a broken heart after being spurned by Sir Lancelot; Rosenthal’s painting depicts Elaine’s postmortem voyage from Astolat to Camelot: “In her right hand the lily, in her left / The letter—all her bright hair streaming down.” Rosenthal’s artistic choices reflect the influence of the Pre-Raphaelites, a group of English artists who favored highly naturalistic details, richly colored surfaces, and subjects drawn from medieval literary sources. After it was purchased by an American patron, Rosenthal’s work sparked Elaine hysteria: clubs were formed in her honor, dirges and waltzes were composed, and copies of Idylls of the King sold out in bookstores. Source: museum’s plague
    Pieter Claesz - Still Life-1625-the art institute of chicago
    Pieter Claesz, Still Life,18 7/8 × 30 1/4 in, oil on panel, 1625, Dutch, 1596/97–1660 | The art institute of Chicago | Another famous Dutch still life artist who painted realistic and detailed images of food, glass and tableware.
    Pieter Claesz, Still Life, 1625, closeup

    #8 The National Gallery – London, UK

    The National Gallery is one of the best art museums in Europe for art lovers to see. Located in Trafalgar Square, London, and it boasts one of the most extensive collections of Western European paintings in the world. It includes works from famous artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Van Gogh, Bellini, Ingres, Rubens, Holbein, and Rembrandt.

    Hans Holbein the Younger-the ambassadors-national gallery in London
    Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, oil on oak, 207x20cm, 1533 at The National Gallery in London. | The man on the left -Jean de Dinteville was a French ambassador to the court of Henry VIII in 1533. If you zoom in on the golden dagger, you’ll see the number suggesting that he was 29 years old. The second man is George de Selver, Bishop of Lavaur who is 25 years old. The book under his arm reveals his age. The painting was commissioned by de Dinteville for his home in Champagne. This painting is highly symbolic because every element has special meaning in it. The broken string of the lute may represent the political and religious discord. There is an array of beautifully-painted objects behind the men that seem to suggest their interest in sciences of measuring time and space.

    This is one of the most fascinating paintings displayed at the art gallery not only because of all the intricate, realistically painted details but also because of this bazaar skull-the symbol of mortality- that looks extremely elongated when you face the painting. When you move to the right of the painting, the same skull looks almost right. It seems that the artist used a special instrument to create such distortion similar to the one you see in the painting below.
    In the second painting below the distortion is incredible but when you look through the monocle-like instrument it looks just right. Holbein painted the royalty of the Tudors court for the most part but I think this painting represents the height of his mastery. The artist is the most known for his portrayal of Henry VIII who stands in an overly confident pose looking directly at the viewer. The original was lost during fire but we know about it thanks to multiple copies made from that painting. Holbein died of plague around 45 years of age!

    Highlights from the art collection

    • Rembrandt, Self Portrait at the Age of 34 plus 25 more artworks by the artist!
    • Hans Holbein the Younger, the Ambassadors,
    • Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Madame Moitessier
    • Giovanni Bellini, Doge Leonardo Loredan
    • Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini Portrait
    • Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Fighting Temeraire
    • John Constable, The Hay Wain
    • Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, The Supper at Emmaus
    • Diego Velázquez, The Toilet of Venus (‘The Rokeby Venus’)
    • Leonardo da Vinci, The Virgin of the Rocks
    • Paul Delaroche, The Execution of Lady Jane Grey
    • Giovanni Battista Moroni, Portrait of a Lady (‘La Dama in Rosso’). There are several portraits displayed in the art collection. All of them are remarkable.
    Paul Delaroche-the execution of lady jane grey-national gallery London
    Paul Delaroche, 1797 – 1856, The Execution of Lady Jane Grey, oil on canvas, 246 × 297 cm, 1833 at the National Gallery London
    Paul Delaroche, 1797 – 1856, The Execution of Lady Jane Grey, oil on canvas, 246 × 297 cm, 1833, closeup details of painted jewelry, fabric and hands. Lady Jane Grey reigned for 9 days as Queen of England in 1553. The 17-year-old Lady Jane was deposed by the faction supporting king Edward VI’s half-sister and heir, Mary Tudor. Tried for treason, she was beheaded at Tower Hill in 1554. Delaroche shows the moment right before the execution with two ladies-in-waiting unable to watch the horror scene. This painting feels very real with high-contrast lighting and life-size figures. It’s also unbeliably well painted where you can spend hours examining all the details in the Delaroche’s art.
    Moroni-the Tailor-national gallery London
    Giovanni Battista Moroni, (1520/4 – 1579), The Tailor, 1565-70, oil on canvas, 99.5 × 77 cm | Walking through the gallery, this oil painting stopped me in my tracks because the tailor’s face looked so real and thoughtful, which was probably the effect of painting this person from life. Painting from life always looks more real and natural even if there are no details or the anatomy isn’t quite correct. I love how the artist shows this person caught up in a simple task. His outfit and a sword belt suggest his high status in a guild.
    Giovanni Battista Moroni, (1520/4 – 1579), The Tailor, closeup, 1565-70, oil on canvas, 99.5 × 77 cm
    Giovanni Battista Moroni, (1520/4 – 1579), The portrait of a lady, closeup, 1556, oil on canvas. In the gallery you can find another another painting by Moroni – the lady in red, which is also very beautiful and skillful depicting the jewelry and fabric of the sitter.


    I wanted to include this picture to show you how small most of the Vermeers are. Yet, all of them have amazing detail, composition and light.
    Diego Velázquez, The Toilet of Venus-The Rokeby Venus- national gallery London
    Diego Velázquez, The Toilet of Venus, The Rokeby Venus, National Gallery London | The Rokeby Venus, also known as “The Toilet of Venus,” is a painting by the Spanish artist Diego Velázquez. It was acquired by the National Gallery in London in 1906 and has been a part of the gallery’s collection ever since.
    However, in 1914, the painting was attacked by a suffragette named Mary Richardson, who slashed the canvas seven times with a meat cleaver. She was protesting the arrest of fellow suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst and chose the painting because she believed it represented the objectification of women.
    Fortunately, the damage was not severe, and the painting was restored by the gallery’s chief restorer, Helmut Ruhemann. Today, the cuts are still visible, but they have been carefully repaired, and the painting remains on display at the National Gallery.
    The Rokeby Venus was painted by Diego Velázquez between 1647 and 1651. Velázquez was the court painter to King Philip IV of Spain, and the painting is believed to have been commissioned by the king’s minister, Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares. The painting depicts the Roman goddess Venus, who is shown reclining on a bed, looking into a mirror held up by Cupid, while her attendants help her with her toilette. It is considered one of Velázquez’s greatest masterpieces and one of the most famous depictions of the female nude in Western art.
    Rembrandt, Self-portrait at the age of 34, closeup, The National Gallery, London
    Jan van Eyck, portrait of a man, 1433
    Leonardo da Vinci, The Virgin of the Rocks-national gallery London
    Leonardo da Vinci, The Virgin of the Rocks, painted between 1495 and 1508, National gallery London | This is the second version of the painting. The first version is in Louvre. It’s always fun to see famous paintings in citu because the scale and presentation of art very so much, affecting our perception of paintings. A lot of Italian Renaissance paintings have custom-build frames of incredibly high quality and elaborate detail since most of them decorated the churches.
    Ingres, Madame Moitessier-closeup of jewelry and hand-national gallery London
    Ingres, Madame Moitessier, closeup of jewelry and hand, national gallery London
    Francesco Hayez Suzanna at her Bath
    Francesco Hayez (1791 – 1881) Suzanna at her Bath, closeup. I think it’s a beautifully painted nude with subtle shifts in skin tone we all can study. Just like in the Valpinçon Bather,1808 painted by the French Neoclassical artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, we can observe a beautiful play between smooth, white skin and the gentle folds of the fabric.

    #9 The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    The Rijksmuseum is the most extensive art museum in the Netherlands, housing over 1 million works of art from the country’s cultural heritage, ranging from paintings and sculptures to decorative arts, prints, and photographs. One of the best art museums in Europe, it includes art from famous Dutch painters such as Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Frans Hals. Located in Amsterdam, it’s famous for its collection of Dutch art and history. Some of the most famous works in the collection include:

    “The Milkmaid” by Johannes Vermeer: This painting, completed in 1658, depicts a young female servant pouring milk. There are a few more paintings by the artist – “Woman reading a letter” 1663, “View of the Houses in Delft” 1658 and the “”Love letter” 1670.

    Woman Reading a Letter, Johannes Vermeer, c. 1663 oil on canvas, h 46.5cm × w 39cm × d 6.5cm, The Rijksmuseum
    • “The Night Watch” by Rembrandt: This large-scale painting, completed in 1642, depicts a group of Dutch militiamen and is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of the Dutch Golden Age.
    • “The Jewish Bride” by Rembrandt: This intimate portrait, completed in 1667, depicts a young Jewish couple in a tender embrace and is considered one of Rembrandt’s most romantic works. Actually, there are many artworks displayed in the museum including etchings and lesser known paintings next to the famous paintings, such as Self-portrait as the Apostle Paul, Rembrandt van Rijn, 1661; Portrait of a Woman, Possibly Maria Trip, Rembrandt van Rijn, 1639 and so on.
    Portrait of a Woman, Possibly Maria Trip, Rembrandt van Rijn, 1639, The Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
    • “The Battle of Waterloo” by Jan Willem Pieneman: This large-scale painting, completed in 1824, depicts the final battle of the Napoleonic Wars and is considered one of the most significant historical paintings in Dutch art.
    • “The Doll’s House” by Petronella Oortman: This miniature dollhouse, completed in the late 17th century, is one of the most elaborate and well-preserved examples of a Dutch dollhouse and provides a fascinating glimpse into the daily life of a wealthy Dutch family. There is an array of the dollhouses at the museum.
    • “Still life with gilded beer jug,” by Willem Claesz. Heda, 1634 – a very similar still life painting I mentioned earlier. Heda created dramatic, hyperrealist paintings with the items of luxurious living at that time.
    • “Rest on the Flight into Egypt,” by Jan Brueghel (I) (manner of), 1600 – 1699, oil on copper.

    #10 The Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy

    The Pitti Palace, located in Florence, Italy, has a remarkable art collection that often gets overlooked by tourist guides. And while everyone visits the Uffizi Gallery, the palace offers an equally beautiful experience and inspiration. This is definitely one of the best art museums in Europe. The palace was designed in the 15th century by Filippo Brunelleschi, the architect of the famous dome of the Florence Cathedral. The building features a grand façade and spacious interior courtyards. The Pitti Palace has been home to several prominent Italian families, including the powerful Medici family, who lived in the palace during the Renaissance. The palace was also used as a residence by the King of Italy after the unification of Italy in the 19th century. The palace is surrounded by expansive gardens that are not well-maintained and was a disappointment for me on my visit back in 2021. The Boboli Gardens, located behind the palace seem to be overrated and in desperate need of funding to bring them back to their former glory.

    Raphael-woman with a veil-Pitti Palace-Florence
    Raphael, woman with a veil, 1515, the Pitti Palace in Florence | The Pitti Palace holds a number of beautiful Raffaels!

    With a collection of over 200,000 works of art, The Pitti Palace is so incredibly reach in art, it’s a must-see art museum for art lovers! It houses a vast collection of Renaissance and Baroque paintings, as well as works by Italian artists from the 18th to the 20th centuries. The palace also contains the Royal Apartments, which are decorated with ornate furnishings and artworks. Some rooms have so many famous artists on their walls including Raphael, Botticelli, Perugino, Van Dyck, and Rembrandt it’s truly stunning! Famous paintings occupy every inch of the wall space.

    Portrait of a Lady -La Bella-titian-1536-la-bella-totale-Pitti palace
    Portrait of a Lady, La Bella, Titian, 1536, Pitti palace

    Some of the most famous paintings in the Pitti Palace include:

    1. Madonna of the Chair by Raphael: Madonna della Seggiola, completed in the early 16th century, is one of Raphael’s most famous depictions of the Madonna and Child. The circular painting is noted for its tender depiction of the mother and child. Uniquely presented in space, famous art has beautiful color harmony and graceful flow of lines. There are many paintings by Raffael in the Pitti palace. I think their presentation is also very interesting with unique, elaborate golden frames, some of them suspended on the wall like the opened shutters.
    2. Raphael (Urbino 1483 – Rome 1520), Woman with a Veil, 82 x 60.5 cm, 1515
    3. Bust of Antoninus Pius, Roman Art, Mid 2nd century A.D., Greek Marble, 67.5 cm
    4. Bust with the Head of Aristotle, Roman Art, reek marble and onyx, 2nd century AD
    5. Titian (Pieve di Cadore 1488/90 – Venice 1576), Portrait of a Lady (“La Bella”), oil on canvas, 1536-1538, 89 x 75.5 cm
    6. Canova, Venus, marble sculpture, Height 171.5 cm, 1812 . There are some really beautiful neoclassical sculptures including Venus and the bust of Napoleon besides painting at the palace.
    7. Judith with the Head of Holofernes, Cristofano Allori (Firenze 1577-1621)
    8. Martyrdom of St. Cecilia, Orazio Riminaldi (Pisa 1593- 1630), oil on canvas, 334 x 216.6 cm, 1625
    9. Bust of Cosimo I de’ Medici, Baccio Bandinelli (Florence 1493 – Florence 1560)
    10. Charity, Lorenzo Bartolini (Savignano, Prato 1777 – Firenze 1850)
    11. The Seven Wonders of the World, Bernard Rantwyck (Flanders, active c. 1573 – 1596),
      36×47 cm,1611
    12. Monumental vase, Sèvres Factory, 1784, 200 cm, Porcelain painted in “blue Nouveau” and gilded; gilded bronze
    13. Still life with fruit and a crystal vase, Willem van Aelst (Delft 1626-27 – Amsterdam post 1683)
    14. St. Francis of Assisi, Jusepe de Ribera (1591-1652)
    Psyche Abandoned by Pietro Tenerani, 1819, gallery of modern art at the Pitti palace
    Canova, Venus, marble sculpture, Height 171.5 cm, 1812
    Statue in Amour, Roman art, Carrara marble, mid 2nd century A.D.
    Andrea del Sarto, St. John the Baptist, c. 1523
    Raphael
    Self-portrait, Raphael, oil on panel, 1506

    Have I convinced you to visit the Pitti palace in Florence???

    #11 The Palace of Versailles

    Located just outside Paris, the Palace of Versailles is a stunning French royal palace located in the town of Versailles built in the early 17th century as a hunting lodge for King Louis XIII, but it was greatly expanded and renovated by his son, King Louis XIV, who transformed it into one of the most opulent and extravagant palaces in the world. During the reign of Louis XIV, the Palace of Versailles became the center of political power in France. Consider spending most of the day in this must-see art museum walking through its opulent rooms, gardens, and furnishings containing over 60,000 works.

    The art collection at Versailles includes decorative objects, tapestries, furniture from the 17th-18th centuries and art by famous artists of the period, such as Jacques-Louis David, Jean-Marc Nattier, François Boucher, Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Ingres, Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, Jean-Marc Nattier, and Hyacinthe Rigaud. These works are primarily portraits of the royal family, as well as mythological scenes and landscapes. The palace is famous for its stunning architecture and lavish interior design, including the Hall of Mirrors, the Royal Chapel, and the Grand Apartments. It also features extensive gardens and fountains, which were designed by the famous landscape architect André Le Nôtre. The Hall of Mirrors and the garden designs were copied by other European royalty to match the grandeur of their courts. There are several famous paintings of Napoleon Bonaparte that can be found in the Palace of Versailles that document the life and legacy of Napoleon Bonaparte, who was one of the most significant figures in French history.

    Marie-Antoinette-with-a-rose_1783 by le Brun
    Marie Antoinette with a rose, 1783, Elizabeth le Brun. The artist showed the queen in a classic, blue-gray silk gown. There were several copies of this painting made, including the one kept at the Palace of Versailles. It was rare to be a woman artist in the 18th century as only artist-fathers could train their daughters to become artists. Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun was so talented she became a court painter to Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France (1755-1793) whom she painted many times. Marie-Antoinette spent nineteen years at Versailles living a very lavish lifestyle for which she lost her head during the revolution.
    Versailles gate of Louis XIV the sun king-veronica winters art blog
    Versailles gate with the emblem of Louis XIV the Sun King, Photo by Veronica Winters, 2014. Louis XIV was the French king who was known as the “Sun King” (1638-1715). He ruled France for 72 years, making him the longest-reigning monarch in French history. Louis XIV was known for his extravagant lifestyle and his lavish court at Versailles. He was also a powerful and successful military leader. He led France to victory in several wars, including the Franco-Dutch War and the War of the Spanish Succession. Louis XIV was a controversial figure. Some historians see him as a brilliant leader who brought France to the height of its power. Others see him as a tyrannical ruler who squandered France’s resources and led to the French Revolution. But isn’t the controversy necessary for any great leader to be one?
    the hall of mirrors chandelier-veronica winters art blog
    1. The Hall of Mirrors – This is perhaps the most famous feature of the Palace of Versailles, with its 17 mirrored arches that reflect the sunlight streaming in through the windows. The hall is also adorned with beautiful ceiling paintings by Charles Le Brun.
    2. The Royal Chapel – This stunning chapel features marble floors and walls, a vaulted ceiling, and elaborate stained glass windows. It is also home to a famous sculpture of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary by Antoine Coysevox.
    3. The Grand Apartments – These apartments were once used by the king and queen and are adorned with beautiful frescoes and gilded furnishings. One of the most famous rooms is the Queen’s Bedchamber, which features a magnificent bed decorated with carvings, gold leaf, and richly colored textiles.
    4. The Gallery of Battles – This gallery features paintings depicting the most significant battles in French history, from the Battle of Tolbiac in 496 to the Battle of Wagram in 1809.
    5. The Gardens – The gardens of Versailles are a work of art in themselves, with fountains, sculptures, and geometrically designed paths. They are also home to many statues and other works of art, including the famous sculpture of Apollo by Jean-Baptiste Tuby.
    Versailles-the hall of mirrors-veronica winters art blog
    Versailles, the Hall of Mirrors, Veronica Winters, 2014 | The Hall of Mirrors is a grand Baroque style gallery was intended to illustrate the power of the absolutist monarch Louis XIV that was originally designed by the architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart in the late 17th century. The Hall of Mirrors is a long, rectangular that runs the length of the palace’s central building, with 17 large arched windows on one side and 17 mirrored arches on the other side, facing the gardens. The windows are framed by gilded mirrors, which reflect the light from the gardens outside. The walls are decorated with marble and gold leaf, and the ceiling is painted with a fresco depicting the history of France by Charles Le Brun. The paintings depict important events from the reign of Louis XIV, such as his military victories and the founding of the French Academy of Sciences. It is 73 m (240 ft) long and 10.50 m (34.4 ft) deep. With its height of 12.30 m (40.4 ft). The mirrors in the Hall of Mirrors are an important feature of its design, as they reflect the light from the windows and crystal chandeliers to create a dazzling effect. The mirrors were made using a complex process that involved coating glass with a mixture of tin and mercury to create a reflective surface. This was a highly skilled and expensive process at the time, and it is estimated that over 350 mirrors were used in the construction of the gallery.

    The Catherine palace has a ‘copy” of the Versailles Hall of Mirrors in St. Petersburg, Russia. The Hall of Mirrors in the Catherine Palace was designed in the late 18th century by the architect Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, who also designed many other rooms in the palace. The Hall of Mirrors in the Summer Palace is a large ballroom with a series of large mirrors along one wall, similar to the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles. However, unlike the French version, the mirrors in the Summer’s Hall of Mirrors are not arched, but rectangular in shape. The mirrors are surrounded by gilded woodwork and decorative paintings on the ceiling and walls. The Hall of Mirrors in St. Petersburg was used for grand receptions, balls and treaty signings during the reign of the Russian tsars.

    #12 The National Museum of China, Beijing

    While I’ve never been to China, I’d like to list the The National Museum of China because it’s also one of the largest art museums in the world, showcasing the country’s rich history and culture through art, artifacts, and exhibitions. It includes works from ancient Chinese dynasties, modern art, and calligraphy. National Museum of China, Beijing: The National Museum of China is the largest museum in the country, featuring an extensive collection of Chinese art and artifacts dating back over 5,000 years. It is located in Beijing, on the eastern side of Tiananmen Square. The NMC has a permanent collection of over 1.4 million objects, covering various aspects of Chinese history and culture.

    #13 National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City

    Museo Nacional de Antropología is located in Mexico City. While it’s not an art museum per se, you can’t skip it if you’re in town! I spent almost all day there walking from one gallery to the next. This is one of the best art museums for archeology lovers that consists of 23 permanent archeology exhibit halls with each culture presented in a separate gallery organized in chronological order. The further you go, the more interesting it gets. After visiting this archeological museum I got a much better overview of the tribes, gods, ancient culture and art of the Mexico region. The Oaxaca, Maya and Aztec rooms impress with rich archeological collections, including the pyramid’s design and decorum, and the most famous Aztec Calendar, commonly known as the “Sun Stone,” which turns out to be the sacrifice stone to rip the hearts out from people’s chests!!

    snakes -feathered serpent at National Museum of Anthropology in mexico-veronica winters art blog
    Ancient statues of snakes (the feathered serpent god) at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico city. Photos by Veronica Winters, 2023

    In recent excavations, archeologists have found mass-burials of sacrificed people dressed as warriors buried inside the pyramid in the Teotihuacan -most important political and religious center erected in 150-200 AD (now about 30 km away from Mexico-city). The number of victims and the symmetrical arrangement of sacrificed bodies indicate that the building and the rituals were in direct relationship to the culture’s astronomy, agriculture and calendar.

    Mayan calendar-sacrificial stone-knives-veronica winters art blog
    “Mayan calendar” was named as such when it was first discovered, however the true meaning of this stone is different. It was the place for human sacrifice, which the indigenous people loved to do to appease the god of rain. The stone knives were made to cut people’s chests and take their hearts out!! In the museum in Mexico city you can find other “tools” that Mayans made to make people bleed in other parts of their bodies. | Images: Veronica Winters, 2023

    #14 Moscow Kremlin Museums, Moscow, Russia

    I was torn on this one. Although the Uffizi Gallery in Florence does have a great collection of Italian art but so does the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, which has a wonderful collection of Russian art. Also, the Great Peterhof Palace with its golden fountains is a must-see art museum. And the Catherine’s Summer Palace in St. Petersburg is another art marvel. So I decided to list a historic site here that’s not an art gallery per se. However, it offers a unique cultural experience that’s very different from the rest of the Western Europe.

    Every nation has its historic center. The Kremlin is a historic fortress located in the heart of Moscow and is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of the Russian statehood. It is a complex of buildings that include the Armoury Chamber and the architectural ensemble of the Cathedral Square, consisting of the Assumption, Archangel and Annunciation cathedrals, the Church of Laying Our Lady’s Holy Robe, the Patriarch’s Palace with the Twelve Apostles’ Church and the ‘Ivan the Great’ Bell Tower complex, as well as the exhibition halls in the Assumption Belfry and in the One-Pillar Chamber of the Patriarch’s Palace. Reserve several hours to visit everything and be aware that the must-see diamond fund may have a separate entry ticket. Some of the top attractions to see within the Kremlin complex are:

    st basil cathedral-christmas lights-veronica winters art blog
    St.Basil Cathedral during Christmas season

    The Armoury Chamber: This museum houses an impressive collection of royal treasures, including Fabergé eggs, carriages, and ceremonial weapons.

    The State Kremlin Palace: This grand concert hall is one of the largest in Russia and is used for major events and performances.

    The Ivan the Great Bell Tower (left): This iconic tower is one of the tallest structures in Moscow and offers stunning views of the city. The Archangel cathedral (right), constructed in 1505-1508 by the Italian architect Aloisio Novyi, is the most unique monument in the whole ensemble of the Cathedral Squire of the Moscow Kremlin. It was the residence of grand princes, which was planned and realized by Ivan III – the Grand Prince and the sovereign of All Russia (1462-1505). During his reign Russia became free from the Mongol-Tatar Yoke in 1480). It was also the burial place of grand princes of Moscow. The cathedral is dedicated to the Archangel Michael, the patron saint of princes.

    The Cathedral of the Assumption: This cathedral was the main church of the Russian Orthodox Church and was used for the coronation of Russian tsars.

    Annunciation cathedral in Kremlin. The current appearance of the church with enclosed galleries and 9 golden domes was formed in 1560s. Having a square footprint under the central part of the building, the Cathedral lost its symmetrical silhouette and balanced interior of a small Moscow church of the 15th century. The design is close to the times of Ivan the Terrible.

    The Grand Kremlin Palace: This palace was built in the 19th century and was used as the residence of Russian tsars and later Soviet leaders.

    The Tsar Bell also known as the Tsarsky Kolokol, Tsar Kolokol III, or Royal Bell, is a 6.14-metre-tall (20.1 ft), 6.6-metre-diameter (22 ft) bell.

    The State Historical Museum: This museum contains a vast collection of artifacts and exhibits that tell the story of Russia’s rich history.

    kremlin at night and st basil cathedral-veronica winters art blog

    The Diamond Fund:

    Cap of Kazan. 1553-1558; frame of the top – 17th century. Photo of the museum. Gold, yellow sapphire, rubies, tourmalines, turquoise, pearls, fur, Embossing, casting, engraving, niello, filigree, enamel, Height: 24,8 cm; circumference: 65,0 cm

    The Diamond Fund: is a museum located within the Kremlin complex in Moscow, Russia. It contains an impressive collection of jewels, precious stones, and artifacts related to the Russian royal family and nobility in Russian history. Some of the items on display at the Diamond Fund include:

    Throne of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, The Orient; Russia, The Moscow Kremlin Workshops, before 1642.
    Gold, precious stones, pearls, wood, velvet, brocade; embossing, flat chasing
    • The Imperial Crown of Russia: This crown was made in 1762 for the coronation of Catherine the Great and contains more than 4,000 diamonds, including the famous Orlov diamond.
    • The Orlov Diamond: This diamond is one of the largest and most famous in the world, weighing 189.62 carats. It is said to have belonged to the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan before being acquired by Catherine the Great.
    • The Shah Diamond: This diamond weighs 88.7 carats and is said to have been owned by the Persian ruler Nadir Shah.
    • The Imperial Sceptre: This sceptre was made in 1741 for the coronation of Empress Elizabeth and is adorned with a large diamond known as the Great Imperial Crown Diamond.
    • The Imperial Sword: This sword was made in 1801 for the coronation of Tsar Alexander I and is adorned with more than 1,000 diamonds.
    Russian Cap of Monomach
    Russian Cap of Monomach, Russian State Regalia, photo of the museum. The Monomakh’s Cap: This crown was made in the first half of the 14th century and is the oldest surviving Russian crown. It is made of gold, silver, and is adorned with pearls and precious stones, pearls, velvet, satin, fur; casting, forging, embossing, engraving, granulation, carving, filigree, enamel.

    Barmy (regalia collar) of Tsar Alexey Mikhailovich, Istanbul, 1660-1662, gold, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, fabric; chasing, enamel, carving

    Sceptre and orb of the grand attire
    Crown, sceptre and orb of the grand attire, photo of the museum. Cap of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich – Moscow Kremlin Workshops, 1627. Gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fur; casting, embossing, engraving, enamel. Sceptre and orb – Western Europe, late 16th century. Gold, precious stones, pearls; casting, chasing, engraving, enamel, flat chasing.

    Gold Chain of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, The Moscow Kremlin Workshops, 1613-1626, gold, chasing, carving, flat chasing, riveting.

    The Crown of the Tsarina Alexandra: This crown was made in 1900 for the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II and is adorned with diamonds, sapphires, and other precious stones.

    Cap of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich
    Cap of Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich, photo of the museum, The Moscow Kremlin Workshops, 1627.
    Gold, silver, precious stones, pearls, fur; casting, embossing, engraving, enamel.
    Crown of Empress Anna Ioannovna, kremlin
    Crown of Empress Anna Ioannovna, 1730. Silver, diamonds, rubies, tourmalines
    Casting, chasing, engraving, gilding, Height: 31,3 cm; circumference: 68,0 cm. Photo of the museum.

    #15 The British Museum – London, UK

    The British Museum is one of the best art museums in the world that has over 8 million works in its collection, covering the history of human civilization from the beginning of time. It is also home to some of the most impressive pieces of art from ancient Egypt and Greece, including the Rosetta Stone, the Parthenon sculptures, and the Elgin Marbles. I think your desire to visit this museum will depend on your interests because if you don’t care about history and archeology, this museum might not be great for you. Some of the most popular and significant areas of the museum’s collection include:

    Greek and Roman antiquities: The must-see art museum has an extensive collection of ancient Greek and Roman artifacts, including the Parthenon sculptures (also known as the Elgin Marbles) and the Rosetta Stone.

    I must say that if you go to the British museum for ancient Egyptian art, travel to Florence and visit their archeological museum that has an amazing art collection of well-preserved Egyptian art and artifacts.

    Ancient Egypt: The British Museum’s collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts is one of the largest in the world, with over 100,000 objects ranging from mummies and sarcophagi to sculptures and hieroglyphic inscriptions. You’ll see coffins from 240 BC, the wall paintings from Nebamun’s tomb chapel from 1350BC, Book of the Dead of Hunefer papyrus from 1450BC and many more other exciting artifacts that are fun for the kids to learn about.

    Ancient Egyptians mummified not only people but also animals, birds and even crocodiles because animals were sacred to the gods in Egypt. The afterlife was incredibly important to the Egyptians. They consulted the Book of the Dead for proper spells to go through challenges on the way to the ‘heaven’ or immortality. Ancient Egyptians mummified the dead by removing most internal organs and placing them in designated jars. The brain wasn’t preserved and the body was wrapped up in bandages after treatments with salt and oils.
    You can see the Gayer-Anderson cat in the Egyptian sculpture gallery in Room 4. The Gayer-Anderson cat is a small bronze statue of a seated cat that is currently housed in the British Museum’s Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan. The statue is named after Major Robert Grenville Gayer-Anderson, a British army officer and collector who donated it to the museum in 1939. The statue is believed to date back to the Late Period of ancient Egypt, which lasted from around 664-332 BCE. It is thought to have been made as a votive offering to the goddess Bastet, who was the protector of the home and the goddess of cats.

    The Gayer-Anderson cat is a beautifully crafted piece, with intricate detailing on the fur and a regal expression on its face. It is also notable for its inscriptions, which include the name of a high-ranking priest named Udjahorresnet, who served during the reign of the pharaoh Psamtik I. The statue has become famous for its association with Gayer-Anderson, who was an eccentric collector and scholar of Middle Eastern art and architecture. He acquired the statue during his time in Egypt in the 1920s and 1930s, and it became one of his most prized possessions. You can find it here: https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/animals/gayer-anderson-cat

    The Rosetta Stone is a large slab of black basalt inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC. The decree is written in three scripts: ancient Greek, demotic (a form of Egyptian script used by ordinary people), and hieroglyphics (a script used by priests and nobles). The stone was discovered by a French soldier during Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt in 1799 and eventually ended up in the possession of the British after the defeat of Napoleon’s forces. The Rosetta Stone was a major breakthrough in the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs. The Greek text was relatively easy to translate, and by comparing it to the Egyptian texts, scholars were able to begin to understand the meaning of the hieroglyphs. The decipherment of the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone was a major breakthrough in the understanding of ancient Egyptian culture and language. It allowed scholars to translate many other Egyptian texts and provided important insights into the culture, religion, and history of ancient Egypt. It’s on permanent display in the Egyptian Sculpture Gallery. Despite its historical significance, the stone looks quite boring in comparison to other Egyptian statues. It’s 1 meter in length and 70 centimeters in height, and weights around 760 kg. However, its role in unlocking the secrets of ancient Egypt has made it one of the most important artifacts in the world.

    Middle Eastern civilizations: The museum has an impressive collection of artifacts from the Middle East, including the Cyrus Cylinder, which is considered the world’s first declaration of human rights.

    Gold griffin-headed armlet, from the Oxus treasure, Achaemenid Persian, found in Takht-i Kuwad, modern Tajikistan and dated 5th – 4th century BC. Ancient Iran room 52

    The Standard of Ur: This is a Sumerian artifact from ancient Mesopotamia, dating back to around 2500 BCE. It is a wooden box that is decorated with inlaid panels of shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone, and is thought to have been used as a military standard.

    Asia: The museum’s collection of Asian art and artifacts is also significant, with highlights including the Admonitions Scroll, a Chinese painting from the 6th century, and the Amaravati sculptures, which date back to the 2nd century BC.

    Contemporary art: In addition to its historical collections, the British Museum also has a collection of contemporary art, including works by famous artists such as Damien Hirst and Ai Weiwei.

    The Middle East

    While Thailand has unbelievably rich and beautiful palaces and Japan offers peaceful temples, big art museums are not there. I’ve never been to India, the Middle East or China, so it’s difficult for me to make a comparison although I wish to see the Indian temples in citu one day. There are several excellent art museums in the Middle East that showcase the region’s rich artistic and cultural heritage.

    1. The Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, Qatar: This museum, located in the heart of Doha, is dedicated to Islamic art and culture from across the Islamic world, including North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. The museum’s collection includes ceramics, textiles, jewelry, calligraphy, and other works of art, dating from the 7th to the 19th centuries.
    2. Louvre Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Opened in 2017, the Louvre Abu Dhabi is the first outpost of the famous Parisian museum outside of France. The museum features a collection of art and artifacts from around the world, with a particular focus on bridging the gap between Eastern and Western art. The collection includes ancient artifacts, contemporary art, and everything in between.
    3. The Sharjah Art Museum, Sharjah, UAE: This museum, located in the emirate of Sharjah, is one of the largest art museums in the Middle East, featuring a collection of contemporary art from across the region and beyond. The museum regularly hosts exhibitions and events that showcase the work of emerging and established artists.

    Rome

    I also want to make a special note about Rome because it’s the center for so much ancient Greco-Roman art! More ancient architecture is getting discovered underground or meshed between the modern apartments in central Rome even today. Here are some of the top art museums in Rome (in addition to the Vatican museums):

    Galleria Borghese

    Borghese gallery, Damien Hirst, the Minotaur sculpture, Archaeology Now
    Borghese gallery, Damien Hirst, the Minotaur sculpture, Archaeology Now, exhibition, 2021
    Apollo and Daphne, Bernini 1625-veronica winters art blog
    Apollo and Daphne, Bernini, 1625, Borghese gallery. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2021

    The Galleria Borghese is a stunning 17th-century palace-turned-museum that houses a collection of masterpieces by renowned Italian artists commissioned by Cardinal Borghese. Its collection includes sculptures, paintings, and decorative arts, all displayed in opulent rooms that evoke the grandeur of Baroque Rome. While some rooms are going overboard decorated with art, they house very famous Baroque sculptures by Bernini like Apollo and Daphne, David, and the rape of Proserpina. There’s an entire wall dedicated to the Caravaggio’s art. And you can find Raphael and Titian there too. You can see pictures here: https://veronicasart.com/damien-hirst-genius-or-imposter-solo-show-at-villa-borghese-in-rome/

    caravaggio wall in borghese gallery-veronica winters art blog
    You can see the entire wall filled with Caravaggio’s paintings at the Borghese gallery in Rome. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2021

    Capitoline Museums are a group of art and archaeological museums located on Capitoline Hill in Rome. They feature an impressive collection of ancient Roman sculptures, as well as Renaissance and Baroque paintings, including works by Caravaggio and Titian. And National Roman Museum is a network of four museums in Rome that focus on the ancient Roman world. Its collections include ancient Roman sculptures, mosaics, and frescoes, as well as other artifacts from ancient Greece and the Near East.

    Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica at Palazzo Barberini, Rome is a fairly modest gallery that displays some of the most famous paintings like Caravaggio’s Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1602. 

    Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1602, Barberini palace, Rome-veronica winters art blog
    Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes, 1602, The Barberini Palace, Rome. Photo by Veronica Winters, 2021

    I hope you enjoyed traveling across the world visiting the best art museums in the world virtually. If you have a chance, visit each one in the nearest future. Subscribe to my monthly VIP email list. 🙂 And share this article with your friends!!!

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    Nicole Finger: Unlocking the Secrets of Stunning Realism Art

    Subscribe & rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Nicole Finger-Freedom-30x36-oil-hooked on art podcast
    Nicole Finger, Freedom, 30×36 inches, oil painting

    Colorado-based realist artist, Nicole Finger is a super-talented, highly-realistic oil painter who creates figurative realism art inspired by her family and surroundings. Immersed in beauty of the San Juan Mountains in Telluride, the artist enjoys juxtaposing stunning snow peaks with gentle tulips and peonies. She creates luscious textures painting almost any surface she chooses- donuts, tacos, jackets, lace and portraits. Painting large, realist artist captures your attention with fresh color palette and an unusual placement of common subjects on canvas. Finger loves the precision in oil painting and depicts the sunlit portraits of her children so realistically you want to marvel every detail in her art.

    Finger holds a BFA degree from the University of Colorado, Boulder and is represented by several art galleries including Victory Contemporary in Santa Fe and Skidmore Contemporary Art in Santa Monica. The artist received top awards for her realist painting in 2022 including IGOR, Best Portrait Award 6th Annual National Juried Exhibition, (ANJE) , Honorable Mention, John Dalton Art Prize, Finalist, International FiKVA Award Finalist, 16th International ARC Salon semi finalist, American Women Artists (AWA) Juried Spring Online Show- Presidents Award and many more!

    Her art is in many corporate collections including San Francisco Delta Sky Club Collection, San Francisco International Airport, Copper Mountain Hotel, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Denver, Children’s Hospital, Denver, Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Children’s Hospital, Parker, St. Mary’s Hospital, Grand Junction, Greeley Hotel, Greeley, First Warning Music, New York, NY and many more.

    Nicole_Finger_Gossamer_24x36_oil-hooked on art podcast
    Nicole Finger, Gossamer, 24×36 inches, oil painting, realism art

    Contact Nicole: Website: fingerpaintingart.com | current project & charity info: https://www.instagram.com/postcodeukraine/ https://contribute.to/postcodeukraine

    “The strength of the mountains and the fragility of the flowers and how that is a metaphor for life. It’s timeless and fleeting to be appreciative and grateful. It’s here. It’s beautiful and then it’s gone.”

    Nicole Finger
    NicoleFinger_WhereTulipsandWildflowersDance-hooked on art podcast
    Nicole Finger, Where Tulips and Wild flowers Dance, oil painting

    Interview:

    1-10 min art overview

    13:23 image transfer process

    15:45-17:20 underpainting technique

    17:40 What’s so exciting about the process of realism oil painting?

    19:50 Photography process

    21:30 Ideas and technique of oil painting “Freedom”

    24:00 About artists on the Moon Project

    27:20 “Floralscapes” series inspiration & meaning

    31:40 Painting of Svetlana and Postcode Ukraine project

    35:20 Going out to art galleries

    36:00 What inspires the artist to create art

    37:20-39:40 How the artist markets her realism paintings (art marketing tips)

    41:48 Wearable art painting (paintings on dresses)

    46:50 Greatest success

    47:50 & 51:00-59:00 Getting into museum art shows and galleries, tips for young artists

    49:50 What the artist wants to say with her hyperrealism art

    Nicole_Finger_AntlersandLace_36x36_oil_2020-hooked on art podcast
    Nicole Finger, Antlers and Lace, 36×36, oil painting
    Nicole Finger art-hooked on art podcast
    Nicole Finger art-hooked on art podcast

    To watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/rZ-5HYMysEc

    What is visionary art? Themes, style and artists

    ai generated woman in cosmic space- deep dream generator-veronica winters blog
    AI generated digital art using Deep Dream Generator

    What is visionary art?

    Visionary art definition:

    Visionary art is a genre of art that focuses on spiritual and mystical experiences, deep exploration of human psyche often involving altered states of consciousness or depiction of wide states of awareness. It is characterized by a highly detailed, surrealistic style that often incorporates beautiful symmetrical patterns, vivid colors, dreamlike states, spiritual and mystical experiences, religious or psychological symbols and fantastic imagery. Visionary art is often associated with spiritual movements such as shamanism, Buddhism and new age spirituality, and it is frequently inspired by experiences with plant medicine, meditation, dance, yoga and other forms of spiritual practice. It can also incorporate spiritual practices, cultural heritage and symbolism. Therefore the term ‘visionary artist’ is often used interchangeably with ‘spiritual artist’ and ‘psychedelic artist’ because all three groups of artists explore deeper states of consciousness that may exist beyond our everyday perception of reality. In my opinion, visionary art is a more encompassing term than the psychedelic art but the spiritual art is even more encompassing that the visionary art because most art can be called ”spiritual’ since it addresses our emotions.

    divine spirit 24x36-veronica winters painting
    Divine Spirit, 24×36 in, oil painting on canvas panel

    Visionary art history

    The term “visionary art” as we understand it today was not commonly used in the 19th century, but there were artists who created works that might be considered visionary in nature during that time period. For example, the Symbolist movement that emerged in the latter half of the 19th century often incorporated mystical and visionary themes into their work. Artists such as Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Arnold Böcklin created works that were highly symbolic and often depicted dreamlike or otherworldly scenes. William Blake (1757–1827) was an English poet and artist who is considered to be one of the most important visionary artists of the 19th century. His work often explores themes of religion, mythology, and the imagination.

    The Creation by William Blake 1825 at the Met-visionary art
    The Creation by William Blake 1825 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, visionary art http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/371141

    Similarly, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which was active in the mid-19th century, often created works that were highly detailed and rich with symbolism. Many of their works were inspired by literature and mythology, and they often depicted scenes from the imagination or the realm of fantasy. While these artists might not have been explicitly identified as “visionary artists,” their surreal paintings often explored the same themes and ideas that are central to the genre of visionary art that emerged in the 20th century. A Swedish artist, Hilma af Klint (1862–1944) is considered to be one of the pioneers of visionary art in visionary art history movements. She created a series of abstract paintings that she called “Paintings for the Temple.”

    odilon redon-orpheus-pastel on paper 22x27
    Orpheus, c. 1903–10 by Odilon Redon (French, 1840–1916), The Cleveland Museum of Art collection

    The term “visionary art” was used by the art critic and scholar Roger Cardinal in the 1970s to describe the work of the late 19th-century symbolic artists – William Blake, Gustave Moreau, and Odilon Redon. The term was also used in the 1960s by the art critic Lawrence Alloway to describe a genre of art that was inspired by spiritual or mystical experiences. Today, the genre encompasses a wide range of artists, styles, and media, from painting and sculpture to digital art, AI art, video art and multimedia installations.

    Thracian Girl Carrying the Head of Orpheus on His Lyre by Gustave Moreau-1865
    Thracian Girl Carrying the Head of Orpheus on His Lyre by Gustave Moreau-1865, Oil on canvas, 154 x 99.5 cm. Musée d’Orsay, Paris

    Carl Jung‘s ideas about the collective unconscious and archetypes have had a significant influence on the development of visionary art symbolism. Jung believed that the human psyche contains universal patterns and symbols that are shared across cultures and time periods ( like the shared term for a ‘mother’). He called these patterns and symbols archetypes. Many visionary artists have drawn on Jung’s ideas to explore the deep layers of the psyche and to tap into the archetypal imagery that resides within the collective unconscious.

    Visionary artists often use symbols and imagery that are drawn from a variety of cultural and spiritual traditions, as well as from their own personal experiences and visions. For example, artist Alex Grey has said that his artwork is inspired by his experiences with LSD and DMT, as well as by his studies of various spiritual traditions, including Buddhism and Hinduism. Some visionary artists, use their artwork as a means of exploring the deep layers of the psyche and uncovering hidden aspects of the self. Both Carl Jung and visionary artists have the shared interest in exploring the depths of the human psyche and tapping into the archetypal imagery that resides within the collective unconscious.

    white light journal book-art by Andrew Gonzalez
    Joe Rogan fan art
    painting of Joe Rogan, Joe Rogan, the host of the Joe Rogan Experience podcast, often mentions his experiences with the use of psychedelic mushrooms and how they helped him see and process his emotions and his relationship to the world.

    “The graveyard is the richest place on earth, because it is here that you will find all the hopes and dreams that were never fulfilled, the books that were never written, the songs that were never sung, the inventions that were never shared, the cures that were never discovered, all because someone was too afraid to take that first step, keep with the problem, or determined to carry out their dream.”

    Les Brown

    Who are contemporary, famous visionary artists?

    There are several famous visionary artists although this term is often used interchangeably with psychedelic artists and spiritual artists. The list is constantly evolving as new artists emerge and new styles develop. Here are a few well-known visionary artists in no particular order:

    1. Alex Grey – Grey is perhaps one of the most famous visionary artists. He’s also known as one of contemporary psychedelic artists. His highly detailed visionary paintings often depict human anatomy and consciousness in surrealistic and spiritual ways using repeated patterns and designs seen on a psychedelic trip.
    2. Allyson Grey is a life-long spiritual partner and wife of Alex Grey. Her art is quite different from her husband’s although they often work together on artistic projects, such as CoSM -Chapel of Sacred Mirrors. She paints psychedelic patterns and designs that don’t involve the human form.
    3. Rob Gonsalves is a Canadian artist who passed away in 2017. He created imaginative realism paintings that could also fall into a category of visionary art painting or contemporary surrealism art and even op art. His talent was to realistically convey the sense of magic and wonder in painting that he achieved visually with some optical illusion techniques. Technically his art showed a lot of prep work and influences of the surrealists, op art, and architectural drawing.
    4. Ernst Fuchs – Fuchs was an Austrian painter and printmaker who was associated with the Vienna School of Fantastic Realism. His work is characterized by a highly detailed, ornate style that often incorporates religious and mystical themes.
    5. Amanda Sage – Sage is a contemporary visionary artist who creates vibrant figurative art that explore the connection between humanity and the natural world. She also paints vibration and patterns layered over the figure to show spiritual dimension of human beings.
    6. Android Jones – Jones is a digital, psychedelic artist who creates highly detailed works that explore themes of consciousness and spirituality.
    7. Mati Klarwein – Klarwein was a painter who was associated with the psychedelic movement of the 1960s. His work is characterized by a highly detailed, surrealistic style that often incorporates religious and mythological themes.
    8. Roger Dean – his art features many light, mythical, landscapes that are welcoming and fantasy-like.
    9. Veronica Winters – realist portrait artist interested in exploring wider states of consciousness in painting and colored pencil drawing using color harmonies, patterns and symbols.
    10. Luke Brown – psychedelic artist that also incorporates the symbolism of shamanic cultures and Asian religions.
    11. Carey Thompson – is a contemporary psychedelic artist that utilizes geometric themes and colors in his artwork.
    12. Laurence Caruana
    13. Autumn Skye Morrison
    14. David Heskin
    15. Orphné Achéron is a contemporary artist inspired by antiquity, mythology and medieval times. Orphné, “Nymph of the Darkness” was the wife of Acheron, branch of the Styx, carrying the souls of the dead… This name chosen by the artist evokes Eternity, Mythology, immersion in mysterious depths. The artist combines indian ink and gold leaf to create black-and-white-and-gold, figurative drawings of strength, melancholy, contemplation, chaos, peace and mystery. Orphne also relies on visual elements taken from Egypt, Roman art and Medieval era to create dark fantastic creatures and figures that also carry the light.
    16. There are numerous digital artists that you can find on Instagram who create art with a combination of programs and AI. Check out digital art by visionary artists on Instagram: Danjc.Imagine, Surreal.lifelines, CrystalDreams.AI, Astrodeum.
    Rob Gonsalves’ imaginative art painting, “Star dust”

    Visionary art symbolism. What do artists want to say with visionary art?

    Visionary art is often characterized by a deep sense of exploration, inquiry, and experimentation, and by a willingness to push the boundaries of what is considered “art” and “reality” in order to explore new dimensions of experience and consciousness. Some of the common themes found in visionary art include:

    1. Exploration of consciousness: Many visionary artists use their work as a means of exploring the nature of consciousness, and the ways in which altered states of consciousness can give rise to new forms of perception and understanding.
    2. Spiritual or mystical experiences: Many visionary artists draw inspiration from spiritual or mystical experiences, and use their work to communicate the profound insights and transformative experiences that can arise from such encounters.
    3. Environmental or social issues: Some visionary artists use their work as a means of raising awareness about environmental or social issues, and to inspire action and change.
    4. Healing and transformation: Most visionary artists believe that their work can serve as a tool for healing and transformation, both on an individual and a collective level.
    5. Uniting the personal and the universal: Visionary artists seek to create works that bridge the gap between the personal and the universal, and that speak to the shared human experience in a way that is both deeply personal and universally resonant.

    Visionary art themes, styles and subjects:

    There are several themes or ideas that are commonly associated with visionary art. These include:

    1. Surrealistic imagery: Visionary art often features strange and dreamlike imagery that is not found in everyday life. The images are often highly detailed, and may feature bizarre combinations of objects and creatures.
    2. Vibrant colors: Many visionary artists use bright, bold colors in their work to create a sense of energy and vibrancy.
    3. Spiritual or mystical themes: Visionary art often explores spiritual and mystical themes, such as the nature of consciousness, the interconnectedness of all things, and the search for higher states of being.
    4. Altered states of consciousness: Many visionary artists are inspired by altered states of consciousness, such as those induced by meditation, psychedelics, or other spiritual practices.
    5. Visionary art techniques: Visionary art often features highly detailed paintings with the use of repeated geometric patterns and mirrored designs that are often seen while tripping.
    6. Imagery from nature and mythology: Many visionary artists draw inspiration from the natural world and from mythological and religious stories.
    7. A focus on the inner world: Visionary art often explores the inner world of the artist or viewer, rather than the external world. This can lead to works that are highly personal and introspective, yet speak to universal themes of love and connection.
    meaning of life-hand 9x12 oil painting-veronica winters art
    Meaning of life (hand) 9×12 oil painting, veronica winters

    In terms of the visionary art techniques, the visionary style often involves meticulous attention to detail and the use of various tools and materials to create textures, repeated patterns, geometric designs and mirrored images. Many visionary artists also incorporate various digital technologies into their work, such as 3D modeling and digital painting software. However, not all visionary art is created in this style, and not all art created in this style is necessarily visionary in content.

    Subjects:

    A lot of visionary artists combine figurative art like a female figure, portrait or humans with the natural world, space and architecture. Even the still life subjects like books can become alive with images of ethereal worlds coming out of their pages.

    1. Spiritual and mystical themes: Many visionary artists draw inspiration from spiritual and mystical traditions, and their work often features imagery related to themes such as meditation, enlightenment, and transcendence.
    2. Nature: The natural world is a common subject in visionary art, with many artists drawing on the beauty and complexity of natural forms to create geometric shapes and designs and combine those with the animals, birds and plants.
    3. Altered states of consciousness: Many visionary artists are interested in exploring the nature of consciousness and the ways in which altered states of consciousness can give rise to new forms of perception and understanding.
    4. Mythology and symbolism: Many visionary artists draw on mythological and symbolic imagery to explore themes related to the human experience, such as birth, death, and transformation.
    tree in space-ai visionary art-veronica winters art blog
    tree in space, AI-generated art

    What are visionary art styles or types of visionary art?

    There are several types of visionary art, each with its own unique aesthetic qualities and characteristics. Some of the most common visionary art styles include:

    1. Fantastic Realism: This style emphasizes highly detailed, realistic renderings of surreal and dreamlike imagery. The works often feature complex compositions.
    2. Psychedelic Art: This style emerged in the 1960s and is characterized by super bright, almost acidic colors and abstract, repetitive or mirrored patterns. The works often explore themes related to altered states of consciousness and the spiritual dimensions of psychedelic experiences.
    3. Digital Art: With the advent of digital technologies, many visionary artists have begun to explore new forms of expression using digital tools and techniques. This can include digital painting, 3D modeling, and other forms of computer-generated imagery. It’s easier to re-create complex geometric designs using the software rather than trying to paint the geometry.
    4. Sacred Art: This style is inspired by religious and spiritual traditions and often features iconic imagery, such as mandalas, sacred geometry, and depictions of deities and mythological figures.
    5. Surrealism: This style emphasizes the exploration of the unconscious mind and often features dreamlike imagery and unexpected combinations of objects and forms. The subjects are often depiction of dreams.
    6. Visionary Abstraction: This style is characterized by abstract imagery that is inspired by visionary experiences or altered states of consciousness. The works often feature complex patterns and textures, as well as a strong sense of movement and energy.

    Art supplies artists use to create visionary art:

    Visionary art is a diverse genre that encompasses a wide range of materials, tools and subject matter.

    Materials:

    1. Paints: Many visionary artists use traditional painting materials such as oil, acrylic, and watercolor to create their works.
    2. Drawing materials: Pencils, pens, markers, and other drawing materials can be used to create detailed, intricate images.
    3. Mixed media: Many visionary artists combine different materials and techniques to create multi-layered and textured works of art. This can include collage, assemblage, and sculpture.
    4. Digital tools: With the rise of digital technology, many visionary artists are using digital tools such as digital painting software like Photoshop, Illustrator and Procreate and 3D modeling programs to create their work. AI programs include Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, Deep Dream Generator and many more.
    “”Masters of Deception” art book that features art of Rob Gonsalves, Escher, Dali and other op art artists on Amazon

    Is there a difference between spiritual art and visionary art?

    These terms are often interchangeable and overlap each other. Spiritual art is created with the intention of expressing or exploring spiritual themes or experiences. This can include religious art that is created within a specific religious tradition, as well as other forms of art that explores broader spiritual themes such as the search for meaning and purpose, the interconnectedness of all things, or the nature of consciousness. Visionary art a specific genre of art that is characterized by highly detailed, surrealistic imagery and geometric forms and patterns that is intended to evoke spiritual or mystical experiences. While visionary art may explore spiritual themes, it is often more concerned with depicting the visionary experiences of the artist or viewer, rather than with conveying specific spiritual teachings or beliefs. In other worlds, spiritual art is a lot more encompassing because it can incorporate a very wide range of art.

    visionary art-veronica winters art blog

    Why is vision important in art?

    In essence vision in art doesn’t equal to the term as visionary art. Vision in art means to have a unique view of the world. Vision is unique to every artist because it is through our visual sense that we experience and interpret the world around us. Vision allows us to perceive and appreciate the colors, shapes, textures, and patterns that make up the visual world, and it allows us to appreciate the visual qualities of art. Vision can be used to create new ways of seeing and understanding the world. Visionary artists, in particular, use their vision to create works that challenge our conventional ways of perceiving the world and that invite us to explore new dimensions of experience and consciousness. This gives art unique meaning and depth.

    In art, vision plays a crucial role in the creation and appreciation of visual images. Artists use their vision to translate their inner experiences and ideas into visual form, and they use their technical skills to manipulate color, light, and form in ways that create a particular mood or atmosphere.

    For viewers, vision is important in art because it allows us to appreciate the visual qualities of art, such as the use of color, texture, and composition. Vision allows us to engage with the visual world of art, to appreciate the beauty and complexity of visual images, and to interpret the meanings and emotions that are conveyed through visual form.

    Is it difficult to sell visionary art?

    Visionary art can be difficult to sell for a number of reasons. Here are some factors that may contribute to the challenge of selling visionary art:

    1. Niche market: Visionary art is a relatively niche genre, and may not have the same level of mainstream appeal as more traditional art forms. This can make it more difficult for artists to find buyers for their work.
    2. Non-traditional styles and techniques: Many visionary artists use non-traditional styles and techniques in their work, which can be challenging for some buyers to appreciate or understand.
    3. Limited exposure: Because visionary art is a relatively new genre, it may not receive as much exposure in galleries or other exhibition spaces, which can limit its visibility and make it more difficult for artists to find buyers.
    4. Pricing: Because visionary art can be highly detailed and time-consuming to create, it may be priced higher than more traditional forms of art, which can make it more difficult to sell.

    Despite these challenges, there is a growing community of collectors and enthusiasts who are interested in visionary art, and many artists have been able to successfully sell their work through online platforms, art festivals, and other venues that cater to this niche market. Additionally, as more people become interested in the transformative potential of visionary art, it is possible that the demand for this genre may grow in the future.

    Visionary art museums & galleries around the world:

    Wat Rong Khun - the White Temple
    Wat Rong Khun – the White Temple in Thailand, photography by Veronica Winters

    There are several museums and galleries around the world that specialize in visionary art, or that feature exhibitions of visionary art alongside other forms of contemporary art. Here are some examples:

    1. The Chapel of Sacred Mirrors (CoSM), New York, USA – CoSM is a sanctuary and exhibition space founded by visionary artists Alex Grey and Allyson Grey. The chapel features a permanent collection of Alex Grey’s artwork, as well as temporary exhibitions and events focused on visionary and spiritual art.
    2. The American Visionary Art Museum, Maryland, USA – This museum is dedicated to showcasing self-taught and visionary artists from around the world. The collection includes a wide variety of works, from traditional folk art to contemporary pieces that push the boundaries of what is considered “art.”
    3. La Casa de la Vision, Barcelona, Spain – This gallery specializes in visionary and psychedelic art, with a focus on emerging artists and underground movements.
    4. The Outsider Art Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands – This museum features works by self-taught artists and outsiders, including many visionary artists. The collection includes both historical and contemporary works, and the museum often hosts special exhibitions and events focused on visionary art.
    5. The Museum of Visionary Art (Museum der Visionskunst), Frankfurt, Germany – This museum features works by international visionary artists, as well as artifacts related to visionary and spiritual traditions from around the world.
    6. The Visionary Art Museum of Belgium (Musée d’Art Fantastique), Brussels, Belgium – This museum features works by visionary and fantasy artists, as well as artifacts related to the history of visionary and fantastical art.
    7. Wat Rong Khun – the White Temple, is a privately owned and constructed Buddhist temple in Pa O Don Chai, Mueang District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. It is owned by artist Chalermchai Kositpipat, who designed and built it in 1997.
    To read about psychedelic art and artists: https://veronicasart.com/psychedelic-art-guide-history-styles-music-spiritual-dimensions/
    

    Check out my visionary art for sale here.

    11 great movies about famous artists

    What are the best movies about artists?

    There are many great movies about artists that offer a glimpse into the creative process, the struggles of the artist, and the impact of their work on society. I don’t know if watching movies about famous artists make us more or less vital in society as it seems that all eyes go on the top tier of the art market while the rest of the artists deal with indifference, low pay, and a lack of art appreciation in society. Perhaps, these movies do leave an impact on our understanding and appreciation of artists who often try to reflect on the world we all live in. After all, most artists don’t have Money as a motivation to produce art, yet artists have to play a game in a consumer-driven world trying to be more visible, and making a living as artists and not baristas.

    best movies about famous artists-veronica winters art blog

    Here are some of the best movies and documentaries about artists in no particular order:

    1. Girl with a Pearl Earring (2003): This historical drama is based on the novel by Tracy Chevalier and explores the relationship between Vermeer and his fictional muse, Griet. The film features Scarlett Johansson as Griet and Colin Firth as Vermeer.
    2. Tim’s Vermeer (2013): This documentary explores the theory that Vermeer may have used a camera obscura to create his paintings. Inventor Tim Jenison attempts to recreate one of Vermeer’s paintings using this method and the film follows his process. It’s a must-see documentary for every artist who learns classical painting techniques.
    3. Frida (2002): This biographical drama tells the story of Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, who was known for her powerful and expressive self-portraits. The film explores her relationship with her husband, fellow artist Diego Rivera, and her struggles with physical pain and political turmoil. Frida has become a brand in the US with almost all art museums rolling out shows about Frida like there are no other women artists deserving even a fraction of attention. It seems the fact is because of all the drama and tragedy in Frida’s life. The movie is really good, however, but not for a movie night with a kid.
    4. Loving Vincent (2017): This unique film is the first fully painted feature film, with every frame of the movie a hand-painted oil painting. It tells the story of the life and mysterious death of Vincent van Gogh, one of the most famous artists in history. The moving images in painted pictures are fascinating to watch! Also, this movie is wonderful to show to kids.

    5. Basquiat (1996): This biographical drama tells the story of Jean-Michel Basquiat, an artist who rose to fame in the 1980s New York art scene. His art is in a stratosphere selling for millions today. While I’m not going to explore the hidden truths about corruption in the art market, this documentary gives a good idea into his life and how he made it in the art world. The film explores his early life, his friendship with Warhol who helped him launch his career, and his struggles with drug addiction.

    6. Pollock (2000): This biographical drama tells the story of American abstract expressionist painter Jackson Pollock. The film explores his rise to fame, his artistic process, and his struggles with alcoholism and mental health issues. If you know nothing about the artist’s life, this movie does offer a satisfying experience showing what it often feels like to be an artist.

    7. Mr. Turner (2014): This biographical drama tells the story of British artist J.M.W. Turner, who is known for his landscapes and seascapes. The film explores his personal life, his relationship with his father, and his evolution as an artist.

    8. “Big Eyes” (2014) is a really good biographical drama film directed by Tim Burton and starring Amy Adams and Christoph Waltz. The film tells the story of artist Margaret Keane, who painted popular portraits of children with big, saucer-like eyes. However, her husband Walter Keane claimed credit for her work, leading to a legal battle over the authorship of the paintings. The film explores the complex and sometimes disturbing relationship between Margaret and Walter, as well as the societal pressures that kept Margaret from speaking out about her work for many years. It also delves into the commercialization of art and the exploitation of artists that often follows. “Big Eyes” gives a very good insight into a life of an artist and how the commercial side of it is very different from the art itself – the issue a lot of artists struggle with today. The film was nominated for several awards, including a Golden Globe for Best Actress (Drama) for Adams. It’s a well-crafted movie with excellent performances, drama and tension between a husband and wife.

    9. “The Price of Everything” (2018) is an HBO documentary film directed by Nathaniel Kahn that explores the contemporary art world and the value of art in today’s society. The film features interviews with artists, collectors, dealers, and auction specialists, as well as footage from art fairs, auctions, and exhibitions. The film examines how the art market operates and how artworks are assigned their value. It also raises questions about the commodification of art and the tension between art as a creative endeavor and art as a financial investment ( that leads to corruption in the art market). Some of the key figures featured in the film include Jeff Koons, Gerhard Richter, Larry Poons, Njideka Akunyili Crosby, and Amy Cappellazzo. The film provides an insightful and thought-provoking look at the contemporary art world and the complex issues surrounding the valuation and exchange of art. “The Price of Everything” was nominated for several awards, including a Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Arts and Culture Documentary.

    Egon_Schiele_death and the maiden-oil on canvas-1915
    Egon Schiele, death and the maiden, oil on canvas, 1915

    10. “Egon Schiele: Death and the Maiden” is a 2016 biographical drama film directed by Dieter Berner, which explores the life and work of Austrian painter Egon Schiele who died of Spanish flu being just 28 years of age. The film follows Schiele’s life from his early years in Vienna to his rise as an influential figure in the Expressionist movement and focuses on his relationships with his muses and models, as well as his artistic process and friendship with famous artist Gustav Klimpt. The film is notable for its visual style, which seeks to replicate Schiele’s distinctive aesthetic through a combination of live-action footage, animation, and computer-generated imagery. Overall, “Egon Schiele: Death and the Maiden” is an interesting exploration of the life and work of one of the most controversial and provocative artists of the early 20th century. The film offers a unique perspective on Schiele’s art and the social and cultural context in which it was created and is worth watching for fans of biographical dramas and art history. The movie is in German language and has a lot of nudity making it not suitable to watch with children.

    11. “M.C. Escher: journey to infinity” is a beautiful documentary film about the life and work of Dutch artist Maurits Cornelis Escher. It’s available for free on YouTube. Directed by Robin Lutz, the film explores Escher’s unique artistic vision and his influence on modern art and mathematics. Escher is best known for his intricate prints and drawings that depict impossible geometric shapes, optical illusions, and tessellations. He was fascinated by mathematics and used it as a tool to create his art. Through interviews with experts in the field of art history and mathematics, as well as archival footage and images of Escher’s work, the film provides insight into the artist’s creative process and his impact on the art world. The film also delves into Escher’s personal life, including his early years in Holland, his travels to Italy and Spain, and his later years in Switzerland. It features interviews with Escher’s sons, as well as artists, mathematicians, and curators who have studied and exhibited his work. “M.C. Escher: Journey to Infinity” premiered at the 2020 International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) and has since been released in theaters and on streaming platforms. It is a visually stunning and informative tribute to one of the most fascinating and influential artists of the 20th century.

    https://youtu.be/tmyzMOqqvqQ

    Some other movies to consider:

    woman holding a balance Johannes Vermeer, 1664
    Woman holding a balance, Johannes Vermeer, 1664

    There are a few other movies that focus on the life and work of Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer.

    1. The Music Lesson (1999): This short film directed by Jean-Pierre Gorin is inspired by Vermeer’s painting of the same name. The film explores the relationship between a woman and a music teacher and features a re-creation of the painting.
    2. The Art of Painting (1993): This short film by Peter Greenaway explores Vermeer’s painting of the same name. The film presents a detailed analysis of the painting and the symbolism within it.

    “Woman in Gold” (2015): While not strictly a biopic of Klimt, this drama film directed by Simon Curtis tells the story of Maria Altmann (played by Helen Mirren), a Jewish refugee who seeks to reclaim a painting by Klimt that was stolen from her family by the Nazis during World War II. The painting in question is “Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I,” also known as the “Woman in Gold,” which is now housed in the Neue Galerie in New York City. “Woman in Gold” examines the political and historical context of one of his most famous paintings and doesn’t have that much focus on Klimpt’s personal life. It also lacks the drama and pace to call it great.

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    Psychedelic Art Guide: history, styles, music & spiritual dimensions

    Exploring Psychedelic Art: history, themes & artists

    david faulkner-mr crystalface-face the abyss-psychedelic art
    David Faulkner aka. Mr. Crystalface, Face the abyss, https://www.mrcrystalface.com/

    Psychedelic art is a form of visual art that emerged in the 1960s in the US and is characterized by super vivid colors, super detailed geometric patterns, symmetrical designs, and unusual subjects. Psychedelic art reflects the experiences and sensations experienced on psychedelics, such as LSD, iboga, ayahuasca, peyote, and mushrooms. Today, psychedelic art is gaining popularity due to a rise in psychedelic research, and some celebrities talk about the healing powers of the medicine – mushrooms and ayahuasca. In this article, we’ll explore the history, themes, and examples of psychedelic art.

    The use of psychedelics is a complex and controversial topic that has been debated by experts in various fields. Some argue that psychedelics have therapeutic potential and can be used to treat mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and addiction. Others argue that the use of psychedelics can have negative consequences, such as increased risk of psychosis or hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) especially if you’re schizophrenic. The use of psychedelics is illegal in most countries, and it is important to approach any drug use with caution and informed decision-making. If you are considering using psychedelics, it is recommended that you consult with a medical professional and do your research to fully understand the potential risks and benefits. This article is an exploration guide. I’m not an expert in this research by any means, please refer yourself to the list of organizations listed below studying the healing powers of the sacred medicines.

    psychedelic Aztec tree in space-what is psychedelic art blog veronica winters
    AI-generated psychedelic Aztec tree art

    History of Psychedelic Art

    Psychedelic art emerged in the 1960s in the US, alongside the counterculture movement and the rise of psychedelic drugs. Influential hippie artists of the time, such as Wes Wilson, Rick Griffin, and Victor Moscoso, created neon-colored posters and album covers for rock bands, such as The Grateful Dead and Jefferson Airplane. Their works had bright colors, bold typography, and trippy visuals that reflected the psychedelic experience. The art was often used to promote concerts and events, and it became a part of the overall psychedelic aesthetic of the time. The ancient history of psychedelic art is just coming to light however as more information and research gets shared in books, podcasts, and other research.

    Psychedelics art in ancient cultures:

    Image: Ancient psychedelic art of indigenous tribes living in today’s Mexico. I took the picture of this beautiful tapestry at the archeology museum in Mexico City.
    Psychedelics have been used in ceremonies by many ancient cultures for centuries. Graham Hancock claims that even some cave paintings dating back some 30,000 years ago depict the altered states of consciousness. If you look closely at art of any ancient culture, you'll notice the key feature of psychedelic art - a repetitive pattern or design. This happens because when you take the sacred medicine, your sight, hearing and sense of smell change drastically and you see the world in geometric and symmetrical forms, grids and very complex, almost kaleidoscopic designs. These colorful, symmetrical patterns can be found in art of many prominent ancient cultures. Let me explain.
    
    
    This is one of the elaborate Thai decorations I took at the palace years ago. It’s a paw of a gigantic decorative snake at the entrance. I think that the visual idea for this and many other beings present in ancient Thai architecture is derived from the psychedelic experiences of artists due to the repetitive and symmetrical nature of seeing the world while on a journey.

    #1 Indigenous cultures of the Americas:

    Many indigenous cultures in the Americas, such as the Mazatec people of Mexico and the Shipibo people of the Amazon, have used various plant-based psychedelics such as ayahuasca, peyote, and psilocybin mushrooms for spiritual and healing purposes. Their art is simple, yet it features perfect geometric designs that you normally don’t observe in nature.

    animal pot pattern in archeology museum in mexico city

    #2 Ancient Egyptians:

    The ancient Egyptians used the blue lotus plant, which has psychoactive properties, for medicinal and religious ceremonies. The murals in the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, depict scenes of people using the blue lotus in a ceremonial context.

    These are some picture closeups I took at the Archeological Museum in Florence. It shows ancient Egyptian stones with art depicting the blue lotus -the flower known for its psychedelic properties.

    #3 Ancient Greeks:

    The ancient Greeks may have used various psychoactive substances, including cannabis, opium, and ergot (a fungus that contains LSD-like compounds), for medicinal and spiritual ceremonies. The painting “The Thriasian Mysteries” by the artist Polygnotus, depicts people participating in Dionysian rituals that involved the consumption of psychoactive substances.

    I took this picture in Pompeii. This is a mosaic floor with an illusionary geometric design that could have been inspired by the geometric designs seen on a spiritual journey.

    You died before you died and so didn’t die.

    Brian C. Muraresku appeared on Joe Rogan Experience podcast #2047 talking about his over a decade-long research that he put in a book “The Immortality Key: The Secret of the Religion with no name”. In the podcast episode, Brian describes the ancient Greek ritual of drinking a special potion at the Temple of Eleusis, which was a carefully balanced brew of alcohol, herbs, spices, and ergot. (Ergot was a hallucinogenic fungus in rye and barley). Only women prepared the drink that gave the users transcendent experiences. This ancient religious practice was destroyed by the third century after the Roman acceptance of Christianity as a main religion.

    the history of psychedelic art
    “Before the birth of Jesus, the Ancient Greeks found salvation in their own sacraments. Sacred beverages were routinely consumed as part of the so-called Ancient Mysteries – elaborate rites that led initiates to the brink of death. The best and brightest from Athens and Rome flocked to the spiritual capital of Eleusis, where a holy beer unleashed heavenly visions for two thousand years. Others drank the holy wine of Dionysus to become one with the god. In the 1970s, renegade scholars claimed this beer and wine – the original sacraments of Western civilization – were spiked with mind-altering drugs. In recent years, vindication for the disgraced theory has been quietly mounting in the laboratory. The constantly advancing fields of archaeobotany and archaeochemistry have hinted at the enduring use of hallucinogenic drinks in antiquity. With a single dose of psilocybin, the psychopharmacologists at Johns Hopkins and NYU are now turning self-proclaimed atheists into instant believers. But the smoking gun remains elusive….The Immortality Key reconstructs the suppressed history of women consecrating a forbidden, drugged Eucharist that was later banned by the Church Fathers. Women who were then targeted as witches during the Inquisition, when Europe’s sacred pharmacology largely disappeared…” taken from the book’s description. It’s sold on Amazon.
    polyphemus and galatea mosaics in cordoba
    “Polyphemus and Galatea” mosaic wall displayed at the mosque in Cordoba, Spain. These are examples of Greco-Roman wall and floor designs that might have been influenced by the ceremonial drink.

    Greco-Roman Mosaic floor design displayed at the mosque in Cordoba, Spain. You can clearly see the geometric patterns that I think first appeared in Greek art under the influence of psychedelics.

    #4 Ancient Indians:

    The ancient Indians used a variety of plant-based psychedelics, such as the soma plant, for spiritual and religious purposes. I think that Indian and Thai ancient architecture has a lot of visual influence derived from the use of psychoactive ingredients in potions they probably used in their religious ceremonies.

    This picture comes from Pixabay. It shows Hampi, India. This type of architecture is quite similar to the effect of psychedelics when shapes and structures have perfect repetition.

    Thailand

    These are snapshots from my trip to Thailand. In some of these pictures, you can see the use of elaborate repetitive patterns and designs in Thai decorum. Also, the repetitive structure in architecture may be influenced by the initial use of psychedelics.

    Mandala art originated in India and became a spiritual and ritual symbol of Buddhism that spread to Tibet, Nepal, China, Korea, and Japan. The image first appeared in the Rig Veda in the 1st century BCE. Mandalas are a symbolic diagram used in the performance of sacred rites and meditation. They represented – Fullness, Wholeness, and Infinity – the feelings you may receive during your psychedelic journey. Mandala art is closely associated with the practice of meditation. The three types of mandalas are: Sand mandala, Healing mandala, Teaching mandala. Just like “The flower of life”, Mandala has a circular, geometric design that symbolizes the ideal state of the Universe. Mehndi mandala art painted on hands looks very similar to the visual feeling of geometric patterns seen on hands during the psychedelic journey.

    #5 Ancient Persians:

    The ancient Persians used opium and other psychoactive substances for medicinal and spiritual rituals. (Islam became the dominant religion in the Persian Empire after the Arab conquests of the seventh century. The first Persian Empire was shaped by Zoroastrianism. The Persian-speaking world became predominantly Muslim in the mid-seventh century.) When we look at the production of Qurʼān manuscripts with elaborate calligraphic, biomorphic, and decorative motifs we can see many repetitive geometric designs painted in several colors and gold that have evolved into a high art. You can see pages at the Library of Congress.

    history of psychedelic art blog
    This is a fascinating book written by Keith Critchlow who researched Islamic art and connected geometric patterns and sacred geometry to help us understand the creation of the Universe. The author illustrated the patterns’ construction, which is useful for any artist interested in geometric designs and architecture. From the book’s description: “Numerous drawings connect the art of Islam to the Pythagorean science of mathematics, and through these images, we can see how an Earth-centered view of the cosmos provides renewed significance to those number patterns produced by the orbits of the planets. The author shows the essential philosophical and practical basis of every art creation–whether a tile, carpet, or wall–and how this use of mathematical tessellations affirms the essential unity of all things. An invaluable study for all those interested in sacred art, Islamic Patterns is also a rich source of inspiration for artists and designers.” Available on Amazon.

    If you’re in Europe, You can see Islamic designs in situ in Spain. One of the most famous fortresses is Alhambra in Granada, Spain. It was the inspiration for the famous artist- M.C. Escher. He studied Moorish tessellations in Alhambra to create his original drawings.

    Here you can see one of the geometric and biomorphic designs at the Alhambra, Granada. These numerous designs decorate all walls and ceilings in many churches I visited in Spain. These ornate decorations are colored in other mosques. Such decorations give an amazing feeling of the divine existence once inside the church. I don’t know if it’s because such decorum is very different from the Italian Renaissance and Baroque art or simply the fact that the divine nature of the Universe reflects itself in these beautiful patterns.
    Escher’s art from the Magic Mirror Book on Amazon.
    islamic art
    Mezquita-Catedral, the Great Mosque of Córdoba is one of the oldest structures still standing from the time Muslims ruled Al-Andalus (Muslim Iberia including most of Spain, Portugal, and a small section of Southern France) in the late 8th century. This is one of the most beautiful cathedrals I’ve seen in this world. It’s impossible to describe the breathtaking feeling while looking up at the dome decorated with numerous Islamic patterns of Moorish architecture. It’s dark, quiet, and serene inside.

    #6 Ancient Chinese:

    The ancient Chinese used various psychoactive substances, including cannabis.

    A closeup of a Chinese vase at the Chicago art institute.
    Chinese vase pattern at the Smithsonian Museums
    Chinese vase at Chicago Art Institute-blog
    Chinese vase at the Chicago Art Institute. By looking at ancient Chinese art I can see the influence of psychedelic medicine – the symmetrical designs and geometric shapes depicted as a decoration.

    #7 Indigenous cultures of Africa:

    Many Indigenous cultures in Africa have used psychoactive plants for spiritual and healing purposes, such as the iboga plant in Gabon and the Kanna plant in South Africa. The art style features repeated and symmetrical designs that are inspired by these experiences including the intricate textiles and beadwork of the Ndebele people of South Africa and the colorful paintings of the Dogon people of Mali. In his book titled”Supernatural” Hancock describes the use of iboga in African culture.

    Graham Hancock did extensive research on the subject of psychedelic use in ancient cultures going back to the cave paintings. He goes on a journey to see Stone Age Art in painted caves of prehistoric France, Spain, and Italy, and rock shelters in the mountains of South Africa. He also travels to the Amazon rainforest to participate in the Ayahuasca ceremony with shamans, whose paintings contain images of “supernatural beings” identical to the animal-human hybrids depicted in prehistoric caves. Hallucinogens such as mescaline also produce visionary encounters with exactly the same beings. Are these real “dimensions” we see while on a journey? You’ll find this book on Amazon.

    Mushroom man cave painting
    Mushroom man cave painting/ petroglyph of anthropomorphic figure in a mask. Image credit: Fondazione Passare . Anthropomorphic means the attribution of human emotions and intent to non-human entities or divine spirits in human form.

    Tassili n’Ajjer is a site with prehistoric cave art in Algeria. “More than 15,000 drawings and engravings show the climatic changes, the animal migrations, and the evolution of human life on the edge of the Sahara from 6000 BC to the first centuries of the present era. The geological formations are of outstanding scenic interest, with eroded sandstones forming ‘forests of rock’.” There is an image of a man, possibly a shaman, with many mushrooms growing out of his body found there. Dating back from 9,500 to 7,000 BC, it’s the oldest known petroglyph that depicts psychedelic mushrooms.

    Shamanism

    Apart from leading rituals and festivals, the shaman’s main task is healing. It’s achieved by sucking on different parts of the body and extracting stones that represent the disease. Shaman initiation involves a process that lasts at least five years, consisting of difficult exercises in austerity and quests for peyote visions.
    Sorcery: The kieri or “tree of wind” is a psychotropic plant of the genus Solandra, the use of which is reserved for the most powerful shamans. Because it’s a less benevolent god than peyote, the powers of the kieri can also be used to cause harm. The ”tree of wind” can also grant the gift of music. According to Indians, the witchcraft arrow differs from the votive arrows because of having “crazy” designs on it. It carries pollen inside the kieri that causes dizziness and disorientation in bewitched people. The wax figure represents the receiver of the spell.
    Source: The Archeological Museum in Mexico City.
    This pottery of ancient indigenous tribes found in Mexico features lots of geometric designs that could be inspired by visions taking peyote. Peyote is a small, button-shaped cactus native to the southern parts of the United States and northern Mexico.

    psychedelic art of Indians in Mexico
    The bottom left image shows a bule with yakwai sacred tobacco and a rope with knots that represents the sins confessed by peyoteros during a pilgrimage to Wirikuta desert. While the beaded art is contemporary it shows the traditional designs of the region.

    The Peyote Dance:

    During the pilgrims’ peyote visions at Wirikuta, serpents of rain appear to Huichol pilgrims. Huichols says that peyote seekers bring these serpents with them when they return to their Sierra communities. During the great peyote celebration at the beginning of the rainy season, peyote seekers transform themselves into these serpents. They dance with white feather apparel and take rain to the four routes of the universe. (This text is taken from the archeology museum in Mexico City).

    Peyote chant: The blue flowers, which are behind the mountains, which are talking… You who claim to know it all, interpret them.

    Teotihuacan, local people sell clothing with patterns inspired by ancient tribal art of the area.

    Why psychedelics were used in ancient cultures:

    Psychedelics may have been used in ancient cultures for various reasons.

    1. Spiritual and Religious Practices: In many ancient cultures, psychedelics were used in spiritual and religious practices as a means of connecting with the divine. Shamans and other spiritual leaders would use psychedelics to enter altered states of consciousness and communicate with spirits, ancestors, or deities. In his book Immortality Key- Brian Muraresku describes his research on the use of psychedelics in ancient Greece. The Greeks and Romans had once in a lifetime ceremony in Eleusis drinking potion that alleviated the fear of death.
    2. Healing Practices: Ancient cultures used psychedelics as a form of medicine to treat physical and mental ailments. For example, certain indigenous tribes in South America have used ayahuasca as a medicine for centuries to treat a variety of emotional and physical traumas.
    3. Rites of Passage: In some cultures, psychedelics were used in rites of passage to mark important transitions in a person’s life, such as puberty, marriage, or death. The use of psychedelics in these ceremonies was believed to help individuals gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their place and connection in the Universe.
    4. Artistic Inspiration: Ancient artists recorded the beauty of the divine spirit in art. It’s obvious to see the use of psychedelics in the art of several ancient cultures. For example, the Mayans created colorful pottery and symmetrical and geometric art. The Islamic artists perfected the use of patterns in their designs of Islamic mosques. The geometrical patterns of Islamic art are the most sophisticated ones I’ve seen so far. They reveal the cosmological laws and hidden reality of the creation of the Universe. Greco-Roman art has many remnants of mosaic floors’ geometric patterns. Thai and Indian architecture features repetitive structures and designs that are visually very similar to psychedelic experiences.
    blooming heart colored pencil drawing by veronica winters-15.5x25
    Blooming Heart, colored pencil drawing

    Psychedelics can treat trauma:

    Psychedelics, when used in a therapeutic setting in nature or in a ceremony under the guidance of a trained professional or indigenous shaman, have shown promising results in treating trauma. Some celebrities like Will Smith and Prince Harry are becoming more open to talk about their experience healing emotional traumas drinking ayahuasca. Psychedelics can help you deal with the most deep, painful and suppressed emotions you can't seem to concur in your life. You travel very deep inside your mind and heart as the sacred medicine gives you guidance and lets you on an emotional journey to relive some moments with a different perspective. You feel, see and hear everything in a powerful synthesis that's often described as the synesthesia. With a set intention and guidance, the medicine takes you where you NEED to go, NOT where you think you will go. This means that you would explore your deepest wounds to find understanding and healing of your deepest pain. This also means that you can enter into both a very beautiful world and a scary one. Every journey is necessary even the dark one to learn from it because the darkness is our shadow we need to embrace and to learn from to become whole. That's why it's so effective in treating people with various conditions. You can heal your wounds in one or few sessions, which could take years in therapy. While on a journey, you receive guidance in thoughts, music and visuals. The post integration session with a psychologist or shaman can help you integrate these experiences into your daily life.

    It’s like opening an invisible portal in your mind that lets you experience a parallel reality of the spiritual realm that’s incredibly powerful, complex and intelligent. It shows you the forces of both the light and the dark worlds where you explore yourself and your relationship to the divine and intelligent Universe.

    Veronica Winters
    Magic Tree Portal, colored pencil drawing on matboard by Veronica Winters
    Magic Tree Portal, colored pencil drawing on matboard, 20x30in by Veronica Winters

    Here are some ways in which psychedelics may help treat trauma:

    1. Increased emotional openness: Psychedelics can help individuals feel more emotionally open and connected to their feelings. This can be helpful for individuals who have experienced trauma, as they may have difficulty accessing and processing their emotions. This relates to people who not only experienced war but also to anyone struggling to process and accept what they feel because of childhood traumas, such as psychological and physical abuse.
    2. Reduced fear and anxiety: Psychedelics have been shown to reduce fear and anxiety in individuals, which can be helpful for those who experience anxiety and panic attacks as a result of trauma.
    3. Increased self-awareness: Psychedelics can increase self-awareness, helping individuals better understand their thoughts and emotions. This can be helpful for those who have experienced trauma, as they may struggle with feelings of shame or guilt.
    4. Enhanced communication: Psychedelics can enhance communication between different parts of the brain, leading to new insights and perspectives. This can be helpful for individuals who have experienced trauma, as it may allow them to reframe their experiences in a new light.
    5. Spiritual experiences: Some people report having spiritual experiences while on psychedelics, which can lead to feelings of connectedness and healing.

    It’s important to note that while psychedelics may show promise in treating trauma, they should only be used in a therapeutic setting under the guidance of trained professionals or a shaman. It’s also important to have a safe and supportive environment when using psychedelics.

    Avaśa by Ashley Christudason-artist_jungle_eye on instagram - psychedelic art
    Avaśa by Ashley Christudason, 2021, digital psychedelic art

    Psychedelic artists:

    Vision Crystal, 1997, oil on wood, 16in
    by Alex Grey https://www.alexgrey.com/

    Here are some psychedelic artists, both past and present in no particular order:

    1. Andrew Gonzalez
    2. Luis Tamani
    3. Pablo Amaringo
    4. Amanda Sage
    5. Cameron Gray
    6. Crystalface
    7. Naoto Hattori
    8. Ashley Christudason (Jungle Eye)
    9. Adam Scott Miller
    10. Daniel Mirante
    11. Dan Lam
    12. Wes Wilson
    13. Rick Griffin
    14. Simon Haiduk
    15. Victor Moscoso
    16. Alex Grey
    17. Robert Venosa
    18. Martin Sharp
    19. HR Giger
    20. Android Jones
    21. Luke Brown
    22. Martina Hoffmann
    23. Carey Thompson
    24. Chris Dyer
    25. Randal Roberts
    26. Allyson Grey
    27. Justin Totemical

    This is by no means an exhaustive list, and many other talented psychedelic artists have contributed to this fascinating art movement.

    Art by Naoto Hattori

    Psychedelic art can be found in various mediums, from paintings and drawings to digital art and music album covers. Some examples include Alex Grey’s visionary and spiritual paintings and Pink Floyd’s The Dark Side of the Moon album covers and Liquid Bloom’s Re. Generations cover was painted by a Peruvian artist Luis Tamani. Today, contemporary psychedelic artists, such as Android Jones and Amanda Sage, continue to create psychedelic-inspired works that push the boundaries of traditional art.

    visionary art, psychedelic art
    white light journal paperback art book, Art by Andrew Gonzalez

    The importance of visionary and psychedelic artists:

    veronica winters colored pencil
    Omnipresent mind, colored pencil on paper, 19×25 inches, closeup
    1. Their art often explores spiritual, mystical, or psychedelic experiences that can help expand our understanding of the world and our place in it. By depicting these experiences through visual art, they can help us access and explore different states of consciousness and emotion. Many psychedelic artists wish to channel feelings of love and connection.
    2. Visionary and psychedelic art often challenge the norms of mainstream culture, pushing boundaries and exploring ideas that are not typically represented in mainstream art.
    3. Many artists and creatives are inspired by the work of visionary and psychedelic artists, and their work has had a significant influence on popular culture.
    4. Visionary and psychedelic art often celebrates love and unity, exploring different cultures, beliefs, and experiences in ways that can help build understanding and empathy across many communities.
    pablo amaringo artist- book about ayahuasca art journey-psychedelic art-visionary art
    This book has well-written essays and descriptions of Pablo Amaringo’s Art. He shares his visionary art inspired by his shamanic visions after drinking ayahuasca. The art book is available on Amazon .

    What is the psychedelic art style?

    The visual elements of psychedelic art are striking and often surreal but differ from surrealism, imaginative realism, or fantasy art. Super bright colors, very detailed geometric patterns, mirrored, symmetrical images, birds, animals, insects, and unearthly shapes or beings are common features, and they reflect the heightened sensations and altered states of consciousness that come with psychedelics. Other characteristics of psychedelic art include the use of psychedelic typography, such as wavy and distorted lettering, animals, and plants, and the incorporation of spiritual and mystical themes that are often explored by mythical and visionary artists as well. Many psychedelic artworks share a sense of otherworldliness, transcendence, and a fascination with the inner workings of the mind. Experienced in safe conditions with integration sessions before and after a trip, the psychedelic journey is a very unique trip tailored to every individual and thus the imagery and knowledge gained during the trip reflect each person’s unique trauma and healing experiences.

    Otherworld, Ohio

    The experience of seeing geometric shapes and patterns to create psychedelic art

    Psychedelic art incorporates vivid colors, complex geometry, and mirrored or kaleidoscopic images that are viewed under the influence of psychedelics. When someone takes a psychedelic substance, their brain experiences changes in perception, leading to visual distortions and heightened sensitivity to colors, patterns, and music. Complex and constantly changing geometric shapes, in particular, can appear to be constantly shifting, morphing, and pulsating, creating a sense of movement and vibrancy in the visual field.

    The experience of seeing geometric shapes and patterns while under the influence of psychedelics is a phenomenon that is often referred to as “visual geometry” or “form constants”. These visual effects are thought to occur as a result of the way that psychedelics interact with the brain’s neural pathways and sensory processing centers. Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin are known to interact with the serotonin system in the brain, which is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep, as well as sensory perception. When someone takes a psychedelic substance, their brain experiences an increase in neural activity and communication, leading to a breakdown in the normal functioning of the brain’s sensory processing centers. Some researchers believe that these geometric patterns reflect the underlying structure and organization of the brain’s visual processing system, which becomes more apparent when the system is disrupted by the psychedelic substance. It’s very difficult to translate this visual experience on canvas and Alex Grey seems to be the most successful artist doing it. However, with the rise of AI-generated art and digital art, it’s much easier to reconstruct very complex geometric patterns and shapes visually that often involve multiplication, kand aleidoscopic and mirror-like reflection of geometric patterns.

    AI-generated image illustrating psychedelic art. (Deep Dream generator)

    Furthermore, many psychedelic artists draw inspiration from spiritual and mystical traditions that use geometric shapes as a means of accessing altered states of consciousness. For example, mandalas, which are geometric patterns used in Hinduism and Buddhism, are often used in psychedelic art to represent the self and the universe and to facilitate meditation and spiritual reflection. The use of geometry in psychedelic art can also be seen as a way of exploring the fundamental building blocks of reality and the mathematical principles that govern the natural world. The use of geometry in psychedelic art reflects both the subjective experience of altered states of consciousness and a fascination with the mathematical and spiritual dimensions of the natural world.

    veronica winters trippy paintings
    Bliss, 18x24in oil painting by Veronica Winters

    Some psychedelic art style influences:

    Psychedelic art is a broad category that encompasses a wide range of styles and aesthetics. While artists try to capture their feelings and messages in a visual format, they also use other visual influences to create their art, including:

    1. Surrealism: Many psychedelic artists draw inspiration from the surrealist movement, which emphasizes the irrational and the unconscious mind. Surrealist imagery often features dreamlike or absurd elements and can be disorienting or unsettling.
    2. Pop Art: The pop art movement of the 1960s and 70s had a strong influence on psychedelic art. Pop art often features bright colors, bold lines, and commercial or consumerist imagery, and can have a playful or ironic tone.
    3. Art Nouveau: The Art Nouveau movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its sinuous, organic lines and floral motifs, has also been an influence on psychedelic art. Art Nouveau style has the same principles of symmetry in image creation.
    4. Op Art: Op art, which emerged in the 1960s, is characterized by the use of optical illusions and geometric patterns to create a sense of movement or depth. Many psychedelic artists incorporate op art techniques into their work to re-create a different kind of reality.
    5. Digital Art: With the advent of digital technology, many contemporary psychedelic artists work with digital tools to create complex, abstract images that are difficult to produce using traditional media.

    Some popular computer software used to create psychedelic art in digital format:

    There are many software programs that can be used to create digital psychedelic art. Some of the most popular ones include:

    1. Adobe Photoshop – This is one of the most widely used image editing programs and offers a wide range of tools and filters for creating digital psychedelic art.
    2. Adobe Illustrator – This vector graphics editor is often used to create psychedelic designs with geometric shapes and patterns.
    3. Procreate – This digital art and drawing app is popular among iPad users and offers a variety of tools and effects for creating psychedelic artwork.
    4. Corel Painter – This painting software is often used by artists to create digital paintings with a psychedelic style.
    5. Fractal Explorer – This program allows users to create intricate fractal designs, which can be used to create psychedelic art.
    6. GIMP – This free and open-source image editing software offers a wide range of tools and filters for creating digital art with a psychedelic style.
    7. Mandala Maker – This online tool allows users to create intricate mandalas, which can be used in psychedelic artwork.

    There are several AI programs and tools that can be used to create psychedelic art. Some popular examples include:

    1. Deep Dream – This is a neural network-based algorithm that can generate psychedelic images by processing an original image through multiple layers of artificial neural networks.
    2. Neural Style Transfer – This is another AI-based algorithm that can generate psychedelic art by transferring the style of one image onto another.
    3. Artbreeder – This is an online tool that uses AI to generate new and unique psychedelic art by combining different images and styles.
    4. Runway ML – This is an AI-based software that can be used to create psychedelic art and other types of generative art.
    5. Ganbreeder – This is another online tool that uses AI and generative adversarial networks (GANs) to generate psychedelic art.

    AI programs and tools offer a fantastic to create psychedelic art and explore the potential of artificial intelligence in the creative arts.

    Psychedelic Art Meanings and Interpretations

    Dreams inspire my work, as do various philosophies on spirituality, consciousness and existence. 

    Mr. Crystalface (David Faulkner)

    The interpretation and meaning of psychedelic art can vary because it’s a deeply personal experience. However, in the 1960s it was a celebration of freedom and experimentation that carried over the negative stereotypes associated with psychedelic art into our culture. One negative idea is that it promotes drug use or is “bad” art, but if you uncover the true meaning or purpose of the sacred medicine, you may have life-changing experiences that can help you live in a totally different way with more love and compassion for yourself and others. Sacred medicines help us heal and see beyond our day-to-day reality. They connect us to the vast consciousness of the Universe.

    Contemporary psychedelic art is widely inspired by a variety of spiritual and mystical traditions from around the world as well as deeply personal, healing experiences. Many psychedelic artists have been influenced by Eastern religions like Hinduism and Buddhism, as well as shamanic traditions from indigenous cultures of the Americas. It’s a form of spiritual and mystical art, that shows transcendental experiences. Most contemporary visionary artists try to capture the altered state of consciousness or the illusive state of mind that shows feelings of profound love, the power of higher consciousness, and our interconnectedness with everything living. Contemporary psychedelic art can transport you to healing, nature-infused worlds to feel the connection. When we feel depressed we are disconnected from the source. By experiencing that connection on a ceremonial psychedelic journey, you may lose the fear of death that was described in ancient Greek literature. Today artists try to capture the essence of Oneness in their psychedelic art, which can include mandalas, spiritual symbols, natural world with animals and plants as well as depictions of mystical experiences and spiritual forms rather than just beautiful geometric shapes.

    Awakening, mixed media on cradled panel, 18x24 inches
    Awakening, mixed media on cradled panel, 18×24″

    Psychedelic art wallpaper

    If you’re a fan of psychedelic art, you may be interested in incorporating it into your home decor. One way to do this is by using psychedelic art wallpaper. This type of wallpaper typically features vibrant colors, sophisticated geometric patterns, and surreal imagery that can add a trippy and mind-bending vibe to any room. You can find a wide variety of psychedelic art wallpaper designs online, ranging from vintage-inspired patterns to more modern and abstract styles. Whether you’re looking to create a psychedelic-inspired bedroom, a colorful living room, or a funky workspace, psychedelic art wallpaper can be a great way to infuse your space with a sense of playfulness and creative energy. Check out my art posters here: https://veronicasart.com/product-category/art-posters-for-sale/ or entire art shop here: https://veronicasart.com/shop/

    psychedelic mandala art veronica winters
    https://veronicasart.com/product/green-eye-mandala-art/ | Green eye & leaves psychedelic mandala art, 6×6 inches, framed to 8×8″
    psychedelic art
    Check out beautiful digital art by Cameron Grey. He offers wallpaper and many printed products of his visionary art on his site-parablevisions.com | Image: C Grey, Perhaps The Dreams Are of Soulmates

    The difference between psychedelic and visionary art

    It’s important to note that psychedelic art and visionary art are often used interchangeably, but there are some differences between the two. While both styles incorporate bright colors, geometric patterns, and spiritual themes, visionary art often has a more introspective and mystical quality, and it’s often created by artists who have had transcendent experiences, such as meditation or spiritual practice without the use of psychedelics. Psychedelic art, on the other hand, is more closely associated with the use of psychedelics, and it often has a more overtly trippy quality like in the art of Allyson Grey, co-founder of CoSM. Despite these differences, both styles share a fascination with altered states of consciousness and the inner workings of the mind, and they are often inclusive of a variety of contemporary artists.

    David Faulkner aka. Mr. Crystalface, Self, https://www.mrcrystalface.com/

    Visionary artists

    Like psychedelic art, visionary art is a diverse genre that has many talented artists. Here are some visionary artists, both past and present in addition to previously mentioned psychedelic artists in no particular order. This is not an exhaustive list, and there are many other visionary artists who have created stunning and thought-provoking works that blur the line between art and spirituality.

    1. Marijke Koger-Dunham
    2. Roger Dean
    3. Ernst Fuchs
    4. Mati Klarwein
    5. Veronica Winters
    6. Randal Roberts
    7. Luke Brown
    8. Carey Thompson
    9. Laurence Caruana
    10. Autumn Skye Morrison
    11. Mark Henson
    12. David Heskin
    13. Orphne Acheron
    14. Xavi Panneton
    OtherWorld, Cincinnati, Ohio

    The difference between psychedelic art and surrealism

    While both psychedelic art and surrealism share some similarities in terms of their use of unconventional imagery, there are several key differences between the two art movements.

    Psychedelic art emerged in the 1960s as part of the counterculture movement and is characterized by its use of vivid colors, swirling patterns, and distorted forms. Psychedelic art often aims to create a visual representation of the psychedelic experience or altered states of consciousness and is often associated with the use of mind-altering substances.

    Surrealism, on the other hand, emerged in the 1920s as a literary and artistic movement and is characterized by its use of unexpected, irrational, and dreamlike imagery with Dali being the most famous artist in the movement. Surrealist art often aims to challenge conventional perception and to explore the unconscious mind capturing or interpreting dreams. While some surrealist artists may have been influenced by the use of mind-altering substances, this was not a defining characteristic of the movement.

    Another key difference between the two art movements is their underlying philosophy. While psychedelic art is often associated with the counterculture movement and its emphasis on individual freedom and liberation, as well as the medicinal quality of psychedelics, surrealism is rooted in a Freudian philosophy that seeks to challenge societal norms and explore the unconscious mind based on dreams rather than on altered reality during the trip.

    photo taken at the Dali art museum in Spain

    Famous Surrealist artists:

    • Dali
    • Magritte
    • Remedios Varo
    • Max Ernst
    • Andre Breton
    Dali late artworks
    Dali’s art displayed at the Dali Art Museum in St. Pete, Florida

    How to reach an altered state of mind without the use of psychedelics:

    It’s possible to reach an altered state of mind without the use of psychedelics. Here are some ways:

    Meditation: Meditation is a practice that involves focusing your attention and quieting your mind. With regular practice, meditation can lead to altered states of consciousness, including feelings of bliss, oneness with the universe, and spiritual experiences.

    Breathwork: Breathwork is a practice that involves intentional breathing exercises to induce altered states of consciousness. Different types of breathwork techniques, such as holotropic breathwork, rebirthing, and pranayama, can be used to achieve different states of consciousness.

    Yoga: Yoga is a physical and spiritual practice that originated in ancient India. In addition to physical postures, yoga incorporates breathing techniques, meditation, and other practices that can lead to altered states of consciousness.

    Sensory deprivation: Sensory deprivation involves removing external stimuli, such as light and sound, to induce altered states of consciousness. This can be done through float tanks, isolation tanks, or other types of sensory deprivation chambers.

    Dance: Certain types of dance, such as ecstatic dance or trance dance, involve moving the body to music in a way that can induce altered states of consciousness.

    It’s important to note that altered states of consciousness can be powerful experiences and should be approached with care and respect. It’s also important to seek guidance from trained professionals and to have a safe and supportive environment when exploring these practices.

    Liquid-Bloom-Re.Generations-Cover-art by Luis Tamani, psychedelic art, visionary art and music
    Liquid-Bloom-Re.Generations-Music Album Cover with art created by Luis Tamani

    Music & psychedelics

    Psychedelic substances like LSD, ayahuasca, and psilocybin are known to alter perception, mood, and cognition in a way that enhances the experience of listening to music. Many people report that music sounds more intense, meaningful, and transcendent while under the influence of psychedelics. One reason for this may be that psychedelics increase the brain’s sensitivity to sensory stimuli, including sound. This can lead to an enhanced appreciation of music, and can also cause synesthesia, a perceptual phenomenon where different senses become cross-wired, causing people to “see” colors or patterns in response to certain sounds or musical notes. While the music influences the visuals during the trip, it mostly enhances the meaning or messages you receive during the psychedelic experiences by creating a supportive and immersive environment.

    There is a cultural connection between music and psychedelics as well. In the 1960s, the counterculture movement embraced both psychedelic substances and music, with many iconic rock bands like the Beatles and the Grateful Dead incorporating psychedelic themes and sounds into their music. Psychedelic music, with its emphasis on improvisation, experimentation, and unconventional sounds, became a hallmark of the era. There are many musicians and bands that have experimented with psychedelic substances and incorporated psychedelic themes and sounds into their music. Here are a few examples:

    The Beatles: The Beatles were famously associated with LSD and other psychedelics in the 1960s, and their music from this period, including albums like “Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” and “Magical Mystery Tour,” is characterized by a trippy, psychedelic sound.

    Pink Floyd: Pink Floyd is another iconic band associated with psychedelics, particularly the use of LSD. Their album “The Piper at the Gates of Dawn” is considered a classic of psychedelic rock, and later albums like “The Dark Side of the Moon” and “Wish You Were Here” also feature psychedelic themes and sounds.

    The Grateful Dead: The Grateful Dead were known for their association with the counterculture and the use of LSD, and their music was a blend of rock, folk, and psychedelic sounds. Their concerts were often characterized by long improvisational jams that could stretch for hours, creating an immersive and psychedelic experience for audiences.

    Jimi Hendrix: Jimi Hendrix was a guitar virtuoso and one of the most influential musicians of the 1960s. His music incorporated elements of psychedelia, blues, and rock, and his performances were known for their improvisational and experimental qualities.

    Tame Impala: Tame Impala is a contemporary band that has been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres. Their music often features swirling, trippy sounds, and their lyrics can have a psychedelic or introspective quality.

    psychedelic art
    Liquid Bloom, The Face of Love, album cover art titled “Limbic Resonance” by psychedelic artist Amanda Sage

    Music list of contemporary spiritual artists playing on Spotify:

    Today, we can find musicians who both incorporate their psychedelic experiences into their music and create music for the purpose of listening to it during the spiritual journey, shamanic ceremony or to dance, meditate, or practice yoga. Just like in art, we can find a cross-over between psychedelic music and spiritual one. One such example is Liquid Bloom. Liquid Bloom is a collaborative music project spearheaded by producer Amani Friend of Desert Dwellers. The project blends ambient, world, and psychedelic elements to create a meditative and hypnotizing sound. Liquid Bloom has collaborated with Poranguí, Deya Dova, Mose, Arsen Petrosyan, Ixchel Prisma, Rara Avis, Shamans Dream, and Numatik drawing inspiration from nature and the power of music to heal and inspire. You can find these artists on Spotify here: https://open.spotify.com/embed/playlist/2P8W9xYxsmgcxa9S27hpwn?utm_source=generator

    • Liquid Bloom
    • Desert Dwellers
    • Maneesh de Moor
    • Pere
    • Starling Arrow
    • Freedom Cafe
    • Tina Malia
    • East Forest
    • Ajeet & Peia
    • Jessica Om
    • Alvaro Santamaria
    • Christian Bollmann & Daniel Namkhay
    • Danit
    • Darpan
    • Porangui
    • Bird Tribe
    • The white arrow
    • Nessi Gomes
    • Tina Malia
    • Sheila Chandra
    • Ohme and many more!
    Native Indians giving a ceremonial cleansing in the center of Mexico City, 2023

    Why shamans are important for your psychedelic journey?

    Shamans are often seen as important guides and facilitators for psychedelic journeys because they have a deep understanding of the spiritual and psychological dimensions of the experience. They have often undergone extensive training and have experience when it comes to working with altered states of consciousness. They can provide guidance, context, healing, and connection. Their main task is healing. They can help to facilitate a safe and meaningful journey and can help the person to integrate the experience into their life in a way that is positive and transformative. Trained psychologists can help you integrate your experience with the medicine as well.

    Some of how shamans can be important for psychedelic journeys include:

    Guidance: A shaman can provide guidance and support during a psychedelic journey, helping the person to navigate the experience and providing a sense of safety and security.

    Context: A shaman can help to provide a cultural and spiritual context for the psychedelic experience, which can help the person to better understand and integrate the experience into their life.

    Healing: Shamans are often seen as healers, and can use their knowledge and skills to help a person work through psychological or spiritual issues that may arise during a psychedelic journey.

    Connection: A shaman can help the person connect with the spiritual or mystical dimensions of the experience, which can be transformative and life-changing.

    What’s the difference between CBD and psychedelics?

    The main difference between CBD and psychedelics lies in their effects on the brain and the experiences they produce. Here’s a breakdown:

    CBD (Cannabidiol):

    • Non-psychoactive: Doesn’t induce the mind-altering, “trippy” experiences associated with psychedelics.
    • Potential health benefits: Research suggests it may help with anxiety, pain, insomnia, and other conditions, although more research is needed.
    • Mechanism of action: Interacts with the endocannabinoid system, influencing various physiological and cognitive processes.
    • Legality: Generally legal in most places, though regulations can vary.

    Psychedelics:

    • Psychoactive: Produce alterations in perception, emotions, and thoughts, often including intense visual and auditory distortions.
    • Experiences can be varied: Can range from mystical insights to frightening hallucinations, depending on the substance and individual factors.
    • Mechanism of action: Primarily bind to serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to increased neuronal activity and altered signal transmission.
    • Legality: Restricted or illegal in most countries due to their mind-altering effects.

    Here’s a table summarizing the key differences:

    FeatureCBDPsychedelics
    Psychoactive effectsNoYes
    LegalityGenerally legalRestricted/illegal
    Mechanism of actionEndocannabinoid systemSerotonin receptors
    Potential health benefitsAnxiety, pain, insomniaVaried, research ongoing
    Common experiencesNoneAltered perception, emotions, thoughts

    Top sources for further information:

    Information about these substances is constantly evolving, and it’s always best to consult reliable sources for the latest research and legal updates.

    Organizations studying psychedelics:

    In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, and several organizations have emerged to study the use of these substances in medicine and psychology. Here are the top organizations that are studying psychedelics:

    In this video you’ll see a lecture on the DMT studies and how patterns change depending on the level or dose taken altering the state of mind.
    It’s fascinating to see how geometric shapes and patterns change depending on frequency and vibration. These screenshots are taken from a video presentation titled “The Hyperbolic Geometry of DMT Experiences at Harvard Science of Psychedelic Research.” So there is a lot more to this world that we are able to see and feel. It looks like geometry is a fundamental structure or building block of higher intelligence in the Universe. Isn’t that cool?

    DMT geometry levels explanation taken from the video above. Depending on the dose, the human mind sees various geometric patterns based on a level or state reached under the DMT influence.

    Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS): MAPS is a non-profit research and advocacy organization that is dedicated to exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs like MDMA, LSD, and psilocybin. MAPS conducts clinical trials and studies to investigate the use of these substances in treating conditions like PTSD, depression, and anxiety.

    Heffter Research Institute: Heffter is a non-profit organization that supports research into the therapeutic use of psychedelics. Heffter funds clinical trials and studies that investigate the use of substances like psilocybin and MDMA in treating addiction, anxiety, and depression.

    Beckley Foundation: The Beckley Foundation is a UK-based organization that supports research into the therapeutic and medicinal properties of psychedelics. The foundation funds studies into the use of substances like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT in treating conditions like depression, anxiety, and addiction.

    Center for Psychedelic Research at Imperial College London: The Center for Psychedelic Research is a research group at Imperial College London that is dedicated to investigating the effects of psychedelic drugs on the brain and behavior. The center conducts studies on the use of substances like psilocybin, LSD, and DMT in treating mental health conditions like depression and addiction.

    Soul Quest Ayahuasca Church of Mother Earth: Located in Orlando, Florida, this organization provides retreats and shamanic experiences giving ayahuasca and other psychedelic medicines. Staff, shamans, and guides create a safe and healing environment helping you with post-integration as well. Closed as of 8/12/2024

    As research into these sacred substances continues to expand, we’ll likely see the emergence of new organizations and initiatives dedicated to exploring the potential benefits of the medicine.

    veronica winters painting

    Art shop

    Some published books about psychedelic research:

    There are a number of books that have been published about psychedelic research over the years.

    • “The Psychedelic Explorer’s Guide” by James Fadiman: This book provides practical advice and guidance for people interested in exploring the use of psychedelics for personal growth and spiritual development.
    • “How to Change Your Mind” by Michael Pollan: This book explores the history of psychedelic research, the science behind the use of psychedelics, and their potential therapeutic benefits.
    • “The Doors of Perception” by Aldous Huxley: This classic book explores Huxley’s experiences with mescaline and provides a philosophical and cultural perspective on the use of psychedelics.
    • “The Harvard Psychedelic Club” by Don Lattin: This book tells the story of how Timothy Leary, Richard Alpert (later known as Ram Dass), and other researchers at Harvard in the 1960s conducted pioneering studies on the use of LSD and other psychedelics.
    • “Acid Test” by Tom Shroder: This book tells the story of how a group of researchers and advocates are working to bring psychedelic therapy back into the mainstream and explores the potential benefits and challenges of this approach.

    This book list was written with ChatGPT

    Conclusion

    Psychedelic art is a fascinating art form! Its history, style, and spiritual dimensions offer a glimpse into the human psychic, divine spirit, and hidden interconnectedness with everything living in the Universe. By exploring and appreciating psychedelic art, we can gain a greater understanding of ourselves and the world around us. If you’re interested in exploring similar topics or art styles, be sure to check out surrealism and visionary art movements. Visionary and psychedelic artists help us expand our consciousness, inspire creativity, and heal our hearts. By exploring new realms we can learn more about ourselves and others feeling the interconnectedness of everything living in the Universe, seeing the divine spirit, and being one with nature.

    SHOP visionary art for sale now!

    If you have a question or want to say hello’, connect with me here:

    Fixatives & varnishes: what you need to know to preserve your art

    Do you know how to varnish art using the varnishes and fixatives correctly? There are numerous videos on Instagram with artists varnishing their art dead wrong. They pour the liquid onto the surface and brush it all over the canvas. I saw one artist at an outdoor art event varnishing her painting in a frame with bugs flying all around her! If you really care about your art and want to preserve it, using your art materials properly is a must. Otherwise paintings may crack or discolor over time.

    What’s the difference between varnishes and fixatives?

    Key difference between varnishes and fixatives is that varnishes are made for oil and acrylic paintings and fixatives are manufactured for dry media or drawings.

    So don’t use a varnish on your drawing! Use final fixative for pastels, pencil, charcoal, colored pencil, and other media on paper, etc. Read labels carefully to decide which fixative or varnish is appropriate for your artwork. A lot of them produce harmful vapors containing acetone and turpentine. However there are some “healthier” alternatives available on the market today. More on that later.

    veronica winters colored pencil
    Omnipresent mind, colored pencil on paper, 19×25 inches, interior

    3 reasons to varnish your art

    The environmental changes can produce environmental smudge on a surface of the unvarnished oil or acrylic painting that would be very difficult or even impossible to remove later on. One example is the growth of mold on the painting’s surface. Varnishes and fixatives protect your art from UV light, dust and environmental changes. Varnishes are removable, so that a painting can be cleaned and re-varnished, if necessary.

    High-quality varnishes and fixatives bring all the colors out in a painting or drawing. The surface becomes nice and even. Colors seem to gain depth and saturation. Personally I love to see how my drawings and paintings transform after varnishing.
    

    How to varnish your colored pencil drawings, pencil and charcoal drawings, pastels and other dry media art

    All fixatives come in several denominations - matte, gloss, semi-gloss, etc. Personally, I prefer matte fixatives because the surface becomes nice and even and doesn't reflect the colors. If you like gloss varnishes, know that it takes a lot more fixative to saturate the paper and make it glossy evenly. 
    • Read directions on the label carefully. Test the spray on a separate piece of paper or magazine page first.
    • Spray 15-18 inches away from your drawing, holding the can at an angle. Move quickly from left to right.
    • Do short spurs and thin layers. Let each layer dry completely for at least half an hour.
    • Spray in a clean and well-ventilated area or outside. Humidity level must be less than 65% in a 55-60F temperature. Otherwise, you may trap the moisture or condensation on the artwork and it would turn cloudy. Depending on the type of fixative, fumes can be hazardous. Once fumes evaporate, bring the artwork inside. I use my bathroom’s countertop to lay art flat and use the bathroom’s ventilator to get rid of the smell completely. Ed S Brickler, technical consultant from Chartpak has a dedicated space in his garage to do the varnishing.
    • Workable fixative is often used to increase the texture of your paper. Colored pencils are made of wax and when the surface becomes too waxy and you can’t layer more color, you can spray it with a workable fixative to increase paper’s tooth so it accepts more layers of colored pencil. I often use a very light layer of final fixative to give me this extra layer to work on. I don’t find the workable fixative as useful as the final one.
    • I strongly advice against buying cheap fixatives because they give uneven coverage and can ruin your drawings.
    • If your colored pencil drawing has some bloom, fix it with a gloss spray first and then use a matte fixative over it. The gloss fixative should even out the surface and get rid of wax bloom.

    How to varnish pastels & charcoal drawings

    I used to draw in soft pastels before I switched to drawing in colored pencil. Main secret to drawing in pastels is to work from dark to light in layers. Purposefully draw darker in the first layer or two, fix it with a fixative. Then apply lighter layers, fixing each layer. Don’t spray the finished pastel painting heavily because the fixative will darken and change the color. Or use a very light final coat spraying it very lightly.

    Drawing with charcoal is about the same. Draw in layers and fix each layer with a fixative.

    Don’t spray art if you have sharpie in it. Sharpie will bleed and dissolve.

    How to store drawings and art on paper

    The best way to store your colored pencil drawings, pencil or charcoal drawings is to lay them flat with glassine paper covering the art. Parchment paper could work as well although the glassine paper is highly recommended and preferred by art professionals. It’s also used for shipping art to create the barrier between unframed art and packaging.

    Safe alternatives to traditional fixatives

    Non-toxic final fixatives for dry media and colored pencil art

    These are the two brands of final fixatives that are made differently and are non-toxic. If you know more about non-toxic fixatives, let me know! I don’t recommend using the Brush and Pencil fixative because the nozzle produces uneven spurs of fixative. It also crumbles thin paper.

    How to varnish oil paintings

    Oil paintings must be varnished when the paint is dry completely. 6 months must pass before placing a final varnish over the oil painting. But because of possible environmental damage finished oil paintings can be varnished with a retouch varnish first and then varnished with the final varnish in 6+ months.
    how to varnish paintings

    There are two types of varnishes for oil and acrylic paintings – spray varnishes and liquid varnishes. All varnishes come in several denominations – matte, gloss, semi-gloss, etc. Personally, I prefer matte varnishes because the surface becomes nice and even and doesn’t reflect the colors. If you like gloss varnishes, know that it takes a lot more varnish to even out the gloss.

    Damar varnishes seem to be dated because they yellow or darken over time. So synthetic varnishes are preferred to preserve paintings from deterioration.

    It's difficult to remove the varnish safely if the paint layers are super thin or the painting was varnished too early.
    Princeton 4750 Neptune Mottler Brush can be used for varnishing oil paintings
    • Your space must be very clean. Liquid varnishes attract dust and particles like a magnet that can settle on a varnished surface. The brush should be high-quality and soft not to leave streaks.
    • Pour the varnish into a small and clean glass bowl and deep the brush into it. Start brushing your painting from top left corner moving to the right and then down the painting. You need to be rather quick because the varnish starts drying almost immediately. If you feel that the surface becomes too sticky in one spot, don’t brush over it, rather let it dry. Repeat the process in your second, thin layer moving at a different angle or direction to make sure that everything is covered.
    • Varnishes are self-leveling and applying them in thin layers is the best.
    • If you use spray final varnishes, apply thin layers, letting each layer dry completely for up to an hour. Also, change the direction with each new layer to cover the entire painting surface evenly.

    How to varnish acrylic paintings

    Same rules apply to varnishing acrylic paintings. However, the first thing is to use “medium & varnish” acrylic varnish. Varnish your acrylic paintings in three days with either matte or gloss final varnish over it.

    If you gesso your canvases and panels with acrylic gesso or use acrylic underpainting for oil painting, allow acrylic-based gesso or paint to dry for 3 days before starting painting on the surface!

    References & resources:

    If you’re unsure how to use your particular varnish or fixative, go to the manufacturer’s website. Companies have their own blogs and videos showing how to use their products correctly.

    This information is based on my conversation with technical consultant from Chartpak inc- Ed Brickler. You can watch our conversation in a video below. This interview is also available on my Hooked on Art podcast on Spotify & Apple.

    Here is a great resource on oil painting varnishing from Gamblin: https://gamblincolors.com/oil-painting/gamvar-picture-varnish/

    Amazon links to art supplies I use the most often:

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Dan Lam: questioning reality with resin-based psychedelic art | Hooked on Art Podcast Interview 2023

    Dan Lam: questioning reality with resin-based psychedelic art in 2023

    Subscribe & Rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    psychedelic resin art sculptures by dan lam- hooked on art interview 2023
    Psychedelic resin art sculptures by Dan Lam- hooked on art podcast interview 2023 | images copyright Dan Lam

    Vietnamese-American contemporary artist, Dan Lam plays with color, texture and form to create her psychedelic resin art sculptures. Questioning reality, she explores her ideas visually asking the viewers to embrace curiosity and fun. The artist works from her studio in Texas making big and small playful resin art sculptures out of different materials including foams, polyurethanes, resins, acrylics, and
    polymers. The experimental sculptures become blobs, drips, and squishes that you can find in an art museum, gallery space or Meow Wolf center in Texas.

    The artist received her BFA from the University of North Texas in 2010 and earned her MFA degree from Arizona State University in 2014. She amassed an impressive social media following on Instagram and TikTok of over 1 million followers combined. In the interview Dan talks about the resin art techniques and how she combines the materials to make her drippy sculptures. She also shares her experiences taking the psychedelics and how they changed her perception of reality. Dan shares her tips how to grow Instagram following, what inspires her and so much more!

    Lam has exhibited her resin art sculpture in Dallas, San Francisco, New York, Paris and Munich. Her colorful, psychedelic art can be found in the collections of Miley Cyrus, Demi Lovato, 2Chainz, The Game, Lily Aldridge, and the Tisch family. Lam has collaborated with several tech companies like Facebook and Virgin.

    "My work explores sensational dichotomies, such as beauty vs. repulsion, and chance vs. control, by combining unconventional materials, organic forms, and bright colors...I embrace an intuitive process that relies on play, experimentation, and striking a balance between control and flexibility. I am most interested in viewer experience and creating work that encourages interaction." 
    
    Video is available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/SoACf9pE6NM
    

    Artist’s portfolio: https://bydanlam.com/

    The infamous fate of some famous artists

    All artists strive for acceptance and appreciation. However, the meaning of appreciation may be unique to each artist. Many painters want to win in shows or receive recognition via art sales as a fair validation of their talent and hard work. I don’t think anyone wishes to perish in obscurity without the proper acknowledgment of his or her gift.

    It’s interesting to learn that numerous famous artists admired today often struggled both financially and emotionally. Riveted by poverty and seclusion, they lived the creative life in obscurity. Studied in art history classes, admired in art museums, and owned by some wealthy art collectors today, many famous artists were often unknown or underrated during their lifetime. Only after their death, sometimes decades later, they found proper recognition in contemporary society.

    If we look back at the art history prior to the 19th-century, the vast majority of artists worked on public paintings commissioned by the Church, the State, and the mega wealthy. Most of recorded artists were male with very few female artists immortalized on the pages of art history books.

    vincent-van-gogh-shoes-18x21-1888-the-met-best-art-museums
    Van Gogh at the Met, NY

    The birth of new art movements

    In the 19-th century Paris, the Salon was the most prestigious official space to exhibit contemporary realist art. Sponsored by the French authorities, the Salon has become the annual event since 1737.

    The Paris Salon, officially known as the Salon de Paris, was a prestigious art exhibition held annually (and later biennially) from 1667 to 1974. It was a major platform for artists to showcase their work and gain recognition, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. Some famous artists who exhibited at the Paris Salon were Ingres, David, Delacroix, and Manet.

    It was the only important exhibition existing in the country. Receiving acceptance into its annual show was crucial to the artist’s success and career. The Salon’s jury process was controlled by the most talented and skilled Academicians who picked the art for the show. Despite its authority and beautiful art the academy produced, it resisted innovation in classical art. This time period became a place of change when several new art movements emerged. As the importance of getting commissions from the Church and the State vanned around that time, it catapulted the artistic creativity and freedom of expression.

    The Impressionists broke away from the classical tradition and became the first modern movement to organize their own, separate shows in Paris. Degas was one of the leaders in this organization. Russian classical school of painting branched out to the Itinerants movement in late 19th century. The art world exploded with new art styles and movements. The traditional, academic style of painting was suddenly losing its ground to the impressionism, post-impressionism, neoclassicism, romanticism, social realism, American realism, the pre-Raphaelites, pointillism, symbolism, art nouveau, and even photography. It continued well into the 20th century with the freedom of artistic expression in fauvism, cubism, expressionism, European avant-garde, surrealism, futurism, dada, collage, fantasy, abstract expressionism, and so on.

    Famous artists who died before becoming famous

    If we go back to the 19th-century art, although artists became independent from the State and the Church, which dramatically changed the subject matter and the painting style, many lived in extreme poverty. The amateur painter, Vincent Van Gogh struggled both financially and emotionally throughout his life and only his brother Theo recognized and supported his talent.

    Classically trained Antoine-Jean Gros started out brilliantly with his painting Napoleon in the Pesthouse at Jaffa, 1804, but drowned himself in a river after 30 years of haunting criticism and artistic failure that followed. An engraver, painter, and poet, William Blake was discovered only a century later after his death. French realist artist, Honore Daumier painted most of his life, but received recognition as a painter during his first solo show at the age of 70.

    A. Gros, Napoleon in the Pesthouse at Jaffa, 209x280inches. 532x720cm. The Louvre. Commissioned by Napoleon himself, this painting depicts his visit to sick soldiers in Jaffa during the French invasion of Egypt.

    William Blake, Urizen, the Ancient of Days, 13 copies of hand-colored prints are known and attributed to the Romantic poet and engraver

    Driven by the need to paint, Paul Gauguin abandoned his family, left France, and spent his last years in Tahiti. A cocktail of poverty, alcoholism, and syphilis brought him death at the age of 55. His fusion of symbolic imagery with the post-impressionist style became influential only after his death, discovered and promoted by the influential art critic in Paris.

    If you’re interested in the events and relationship of two famous artists- van Gogh and Gaugin, read the Moon and Sixpence written by W. Somerset Maugham, which is based on true events.

    Paul Gauguin, Reclining Tahitian Women, 1894, Oil on canvas, 23 3/5 × 19 3/10 in | 60 × 49 cm, de Young Museum in San Francisco; one of paintings of the Tahitian Women in the series

    The Card Players, 25 3/4 x 32 1/4 in, Paul Cézanne, French, 1890–92 This version is located at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York | This painting is the first of five artworks created on the theme of card players.

    One of the most influential painters of modernity, Cézanne (1839-1906) had submitted his artwork to the Salon in Paris for 20 consecutive years. His paintings were not accepted into a single show even once. Self-taught, the post-impressionist painter, Paul Cezanne enjoyed the process of painting in isolation. Out of frustration, with introspection, and in search of perfection, Cezanne had a habit of throwing away his now-famous-paintings, creating art in the country. Like a number of artists, Cezanne had a very difficult relationship with his father who wanted the artist to become a lawyer. Like so many painters, Cézanne got famous after his death. Today his artwork sells for millions of dollars per painting. The Gulf nation of Qatar purchased Paul Cézanne’s painting The Card Players (the 5th version) for a record-breaking $250 million. (By the way, there are more Cezannes in Philadelphia than in France, because of private collections’ acquisitions). One day the painter got ill, after being out in a thunderstorm. Cezanne spent his last few days of life painting, achieving what he always wanted to do – to paint until the end…

    Innovation is often rejected in the beginning of a big trend. It takes time for the majority to catch up to trends that eventually become mainstream or fashionable. Artist’s success is rarely accidental. Yes, it could be a ton of hard work, but mostly it’s the ability to social climb or to be able to connect to the influential people in the field, promoting yourself tirelessly. Salvador Dali wasn’t social but he kept his career in trusted hands of his wife, muse and promoter- Gala. Wildly successful, Dali worked across continents and mediums to create personal art. Andy Warhol was a successful social climber who recognized the power of celebrity and often depicted celebrities in his silkscreens. Pablo Picasso knew how to attract attention to his art using his personality and connections. For instance, young Picasso immersed himself in the Parisian art scene in early 1900s. A city already buzzing with artistic innovation and experimentation, the artist actively participated in the art scene, befriending other artists and showcasing his work in various art galleries. This exposure fostered connections and helped him gain recognition within the art community [Source: Ian Leslie, “The Picasso Effect”]. Later, Picasso took a leading role in the Cubist movement that attracted lots of attention. The artist also developed strong relationships with some influential art dealers like Ambroise Vollard and Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, who actively promoted and exhibited his work, contributing significantly to his commercial success and public recognition [Source: Museum of Modern Art, “Picasso and the Avant-Garde in Paris”]. Therefore, while we can admire the skill and creativity of each artist, a successful career is a lot more than just having a talent. Artist’s presence in a creative environment, dedication, extraversion and the support of key individuals within the art world can either propel the artist to the top or leave him at the bottom of desperation and poverty.

    Originally published in 2012

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    veronica winters painting

    Vizcaya Museum and Gardens: Florida’s best mansion to see

    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM, one of central rooms in the mansion of James Deering

    VIZCAYA MUSEUM review

    What a fantastic place to visit in Coconut Grove, Miami’s oldest neighborhood! In fact, this is the most beautiful estate museum I’ve visited in the US so far. It’s better then the Ringling estate and the Flagler one. Reminiscent of the old European architecture, the mansion reminds me of Venice and its mysterious charm. James Deering envisioned the mansion build in style of several European historical periods and so some rooms have Venetian influence, others Spanish. There’s also a large room with Chinese art.

    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-room-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-room, all pictures are by Veronica Winters

    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-elevator-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-a small elevator that was build just in case Deering needed to come down from the second floor..
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-little phone room

    The Garden

    old trees in the garden

    The garden is similar to the one in Versailles. Every corner of the garden is eternally beautiful! I can sit and sketch there for hours if I could. It’s amazing to see this Mediterranean Revival art style integrated into the Florida landscape of mangroves and lizards. Get ready to spend at least two hours walking down the garden and examining the rooms of the estate. The café has tasty food and drinks if you’d like to have a bite there. What a treasure and a must-see in Miami for sure!

    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-garden-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-garden

    History

    Vizcaya mansion used to be the winter residence of James Deering, an industrialist from Chicago. Born in 1859, Deering was incredibly wealthy and owned several properties in France, Chicago, Miami and New York. A retired multi-millionaire, he moved to Miami because of his poor health. The 130 acre estate took nearly a decade to complete. James died at 65 years of age and his nieces sold the estate to the county after the two hurricanes devastated the property they couldn’t maintain.

    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-staircase-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-staircase
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-little window-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-little window

    Art

    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-stained glass windows
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-stained glass windows
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-pompeii sculpture-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-Pompeii-like sculpture
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-sphynx-veronica winters art blog
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-sphynx in the garden
    One of sculptures found in the vast garden
    VIZCAYA MUSEUM-marble sculpture of Marion Deering McCormick, Jose Clara, 1927

    The museum is open Wednesday through Monday, 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m, including December 31 and January 1. https://vizcaya.org/ | ADDRESS: 3251 South Miami Ave. Miami Fl. 33129

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    ART WYNWOOD 2023: the sudden rise of commercial, mind-blowing art that changes the game in art collecting

    Leo Manelli at art wynwood 2023-veronica winters art blog
    Leo Manelli, Bel-Air Fine Art Gallery at Art Wynwood 2023 (price estimate 6000-12000 euros)

    On February 16, 2023, ART WYNWOOD kicked off its 10th edition with exuberant crowds, diverse art and energetic vibe. Held during the presidents day weekend, the art fair welcomed art collectors big and small to enjoy art, cocktails and trendy hangout. Smaller than the CONTEXT Art Miami, this winter art fair was held in the same spot – One Herald Plaza @ NE 14th Street, on Biscayne Bay, Downtown Miami. Thursday’s VIP Preview benefited The Bass – Miami Beach’s contemporary art museum.

    MARCO GRASSI HOFA gallery at art wynwood miami
    Marco Grassi, HOFA gallery at Art Wynwood Miami
    broken koons balloon dog sculpture-veronica winters art blog
    During the opening night -VIP preview-someone knocked off Jeff Koons’s shiny balloon dog sculpture made of glass. Staff was very quick to take care of it and the crowd dissolved as quickly as it appeared around the broken sculpture. The gallery that displayed the balloon sculpture was also quick to delete the entry in the computer. Bel-Air Fine Art continued to show art that evening and no one seemed to be asked to pay for it. My guess, art of this kind gets insured to prevent accidents and stealing. You can see it in the video I shot displayed below.
    Martín Mancera, Putin, mixed media,78in galeria casa cuadrada art wynwood- veronica winters art blog
    Martín Mancera, Putin, mixed media,78in, galeria casa cuadrada, art wynwood 2023, $25000

    ART WYNWOOD attracted international crowd of the rich during the opening night in downtown Miami. Some walked off their yachts to see the show, others stepped out of their winter houses to enjoy the artsy night. People with dogs, women in hats, men in colorful shirts. Hispanic. White. Black.

    The most fascinating part about such art fairs is the variety of presented art. Painting, drawing, sculpture, mixed media art, light-based art, textile art, photography – these general categories take on a new life here. Walking into the art fair in Miami can be both exciting and draining seeing so much art at once. Cutting-edge, contemporary art often tests the limits of what’s possible, appropriate or imaginable. Attracting wealthy viewers from afar, most paintings are very large to occupy the white walls at the fair. In fact, some art won’t fit your regular living room wall. They range from 50 to 80 inches in length. That’s how big those artworks are. Sculpture is often a hard-sell in a commercial gallery but it doesn’t seem to be the case here. It’s quite impressive to observe an array of subjects, materials and sizes presented at the Art Wynwood.

    Jorge Jiménez Deredia, Capullo, marble sculpture, Contessa gallery at ART WYNWOOD
    vladimir kush, kush fine art gallery at art wynwood
    Vladimir Kush, Kush Fine Art gallery at Art Wynwood

    Art Galleries

    Art Wynwood showcased contemporary art from more than 50 established and emerging international galleries. The galleries included the following: 

    • Aldo Castillo gallery: Aldo presented Daniele Fortuna who uses a variety of materials to create the the sculptures so they can be touched.
    • Blink Group Fine Art presented Hebru Brantley’s fiberglass and acrylic sculpture that borders childhood memories, pop-up culture, shiny colors and Hero narratives.
    • Bel-Air Fine Art showed Leo Manelli’s acrylic paintings that combine classical art with contemporary pop culture.
    • Chase Contemporary: RISK debuted four new Virtual Reality graffiti prints, which  come to life through the screen when activated via a phone camera. 
    • Heitsch Gallery showed Eike König, whose sarcastic social commentary is internationally recognized.
    • Liquid Art System presented hyperrealist art by Attilio Cianni and sculptures by Peter Demetz
    • Cernuda Arte presented works from 20th century modern artists Wifredo Lam and Carlos Alfonzo
    • Contessa gallery showed Jorge Jiménez Deredia‘s sculpture.
    • HOFA gallery presented popular Italian artist Marco Grassi who creates big figurative abstractions in gold and silver leaf, paint and resin.
    • Quidley & Company showcased a variety of wall art.
    • Goldman Global Arts Gallery presented a collection of 15 artworks by artists, including Leon Keer, Hebru Brantley, Dan Kitchener, Kai, and Okuda.  
    • Kush Fine Art Gallery presented paintings and sculptures of Russian-American artist Vladimir Kush who works in metaphorical realism combining surrealism and natural elements.
    • Laurent Marthaler showcased new works from Swiss artists Crystel Ceresa and Daniel Cherbuin.
    • Avant Gallery presented Tim Tadder’s works created with Artificial Intelligence.  
    christian alexander albarracin-paper sculpture-blink group gallery-art wynwood
    Christian Alexander Albarracin, paper sculptures, Blink group gallery at Art Wynwood
    hijack-got your nose, contessa gallery, art wynwood
    Hijack, got your nose, mixed media on wood cut, $62000, Contessa gallery, Art Wynwood 2023
    DANIELE FORTUNA, girl with a pearl earring, aldo castillo gallery-art wynwood 2023
    DANIELE FORTUNA, girl with a pearl earring, 27x17x26, acrylic and mixed media on wood, $8500, Aldo Castillo Gallery, Art Wynwood 2023
    Jorge Jiménez Deredia, gemelos, sideview, bronze sculpture-contessa gallery-art wynwood-veronica winters art blog
    Jorge Jiménez Deredia, Gemelos, sideview, bronze sculpture, $65000, Contessa gallery at Art Wynwood
    joe black, beautiful game, plastic flowers side-eternity gallery miami-art wynwood
    Joe Black, Beautiful Game, plastic flowers, eternity gallery Miami, Art Wynwood 2023
    Leo Manelli, acrylic painting, Bel-Air Fine Art Gallery at Art Wynwood 2023
    attilio cianni art wynwood 2023
    Attilio Cianni, Liquid Art System Gallery at Art Wynwood 2023
    Eddy Maniez.Fr- Moon Fish, resin,crystal silicone-gallery got-art wynwood
    Eddy Maniez.Fr- Moon Fish, resin, crystal silicone, Galerie Got at Art Wynwood
    roberto fabelo-a bit of us-art wynwood
    Roberto Fabelo, a bit of us, bronze sculpture, 44x30x21, $145000, 6 of 7, Cernuda Arte gallery
    This is a visual summary of my visit to the Art Wynwood art fair in Miami, February 2023

    Location:

    Tickets are: VIP-$225, General admission – $36.50, Senior/Student-$25. Garage parking is $30

    http://www.artwynwood.com | February16-19, 2023 | Location: ​The Art Wynwood Pavilion, One Herald Plaza @ NE 14th Street, on Biscayne Bay between the Venetian Causeway & MacArthur Causeway, Downtown Miami

    If you’d like me to cover your art gallery, event or show, Contact

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    Jack of the Dust mask skulls-hooked on art podcast interview of Andy Firth

    Jack of the Dust: the man behind the skulls in 2023

    Subscribe & Rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Podcast Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Jack of the Dust skulls-Hooked on Art Podcast Interview
    Images: Jack of the Dust handmade sculptures of skulls | Hooked on Art Podcast Interview

    In this candid interview Andy Firth aka Jack of The Dust shares his art, heart and vision. Andy is a self-taught Australian artist who established his art business in a home garage in 2013. Now he produces artful skulls in 4-6 releases a year and manages a crew of 15 people to make and ship art globally! He sculpts his original pieces by hand combining various materials such as clay, acrylic paint, and cinema-grade urethane resin to resemble various surfaces and textures that include skin, bone, steel, and stone.

    Andy borrowed the term ‘Jack-of-the-dust’ from the Royal Navy of the 1800s. These were ship’s assistants who worked in the dusty bread storeroom. In the interview the artist explains his connection to the term and how it relates to his brand name and work.

    The vanitas theme was one of major topics explored by artists throughout art history. The depiction of a skull, coffin, hourglass and dying flowers often illustrated the impermanence of human life in paintings. The skull served as a reminder of inevitable death in art. Yet, it has another meaning for Andy, which he eagerly shares in this interview.

    The artist gives his reasons why art is important. He also shares his views on AI art. Andy explains his creative process, gives some cool art marketing and Instagram tips, and acknowledges the importance of failure to propel and ignite his creative and passionate career in the arts. Tune in now!

    Video is available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/1EJOTNOlJ58

    Contact Jack of the Dust: https://jackofthedust.com/

    How to draw glass in colored pencil

    how to draw glass

    5 tips drawing glass in colored pencil

    In this post I’d like to explain the basics of drawing glass and other glass-like, transparent or reflective objects in colored pencil. At the end of this article you’ll find additional resources such as my online video course and drawing demonstrations that will give you more colored pencil drawing ideas on how to draw glass.

    Drawing crystal or glass or other reflective surfaces is not as difficult as you may think once you understand the basic principle behind it. Observation is key!

    How to draw wine glass veronica winters
    Drawing of wine glass, Veronica Winters

    How to draw glass: tip #1 | Symmetry & ellipses

    The accuracy of shapes is the first important element in colored pencil drawing of any surface like a wine glass or cup. When you draw the wine glass, the shape of the wine glass itself must be perfect or very accurate having symmetrical sides and correct ellipses.

    In the beginning, it’s a very laborious process to get the accurate drawing of shapes but overtime you’ll become a better draftsman, and it will be much easier to keep the shapes accurate, even and symmetrical. Therefore, to draw realistically, you must strive for achieving the most accurate shape (outline) of your drawing.

    The overall shape of the object mustn’t be crooked or uneven.

    how to draw wine glass
    This is an example of me using the folding technique on tracing paper. I basically sketch out a wine glass/cup/vase as I see it. Then draw the line right through the center. Fold. Trace my best side onto another side. Unfold. Then I transfer that symmetrical outline onto my drawing paper. I have extensive instructions of this drafting technique in my art book “The Colored Pencil Manual”.
    Why don’t we just transfer the outlines right from a reference using a window light or a light table? Camera lens distort reality and produce crooked forms. If you use a zoom lens, sometimes you can almost see a fish-eye effect that is very noticeable on linear objects and architecture. Don’t be a slave to your camera.

    How to draw glass: tip #2 | General pattern

    glass object venice pavilion 2017
    Unique glass object at the Venice pavilion, 2017 | Here the general pattern of crystal glass is quite difficult to ‘copy’ unless it’s drawn really big.

    In colored pencil drawing of glass and crystal you should aim to break it down to general pattern first and then fuss over the details. See if the crystal glass has patters with ray cuts, squares, etc. You want to be perfect at repeating this pattern as it curves around the form. Only after that you look at the abstract shapes and colors found within this pattern.

    how to draw glass
    I created this drawing over a decade ago when I was learning how to draw glass in various shapes such as marbles, wine glass and crystal. The crystal vase has a rather simple, ‘repeatable’ pattern.

    Your aim is to copy the largest shapes found within the design of glass object. It makes sense to either draw big, so it will be easy to put all the abstract designs you see in your colored pencil drawing of glass, or pick a crystal vase with a very simple pattern you can copy in art.

     how to draw glass
    Still life with a vase, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on paper | This glass vase doesn’t have the pattern on its surface like crystal vases do. However, it has the ‘abstract shapes’ inside it because of its transparency. I always try to copy major shapes I see. I also curve the lines in accordance with the object’s shape.

    Always try to find major abstract shapes within the vase or glass. Copy those shapes as precise as possible. Usually these are distortions, patterns or color movements either inside the glass or on its surface.

    How to draw glass: tip #3 | Color behind the glass

    how to draw glass
    In this drawing the glass heart is semitransparent. It shows a lot of black – the color of its background. The black inside the heart is less color-intense because it mixes up with other hues of the glass.

    Glass surface always reflects something behind and around it. So colors of the background must be very similar to the ones inside the wine glass/ glass vase/ glass object. Color intensity could very though.

    how to draw texture
    Here the same glass heart has a slightly different color because some background white shows through it.

    How to draw glass: tip #4 | Soft colored pencil shading

    Colored pencil drawing of glass requires soft shading. Lines must be short not to flatten out the shape. To create volume in the glass vase or wine glass, pay attention how abstract shapes found on the surface curve and wrap around the object.

    Curve lines. Shade softly with short, overlapping strokes. Don’t make lines and shapes inside the vase or glass too straight because it flattens out the object. But if you have a bottle with straight sides, these lines must stay nice and straight.

    how to draw glass
    Turquoise tea set, 10×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on paper | In this colored pencil drawing you can see how the objects’ edges stay crisp while shading inside the teapot is very soft. Colors flow one into another without having separate edges or unevenness.

    Always try to improve your shading by placing tight, overlapping strokes. Don’t rely on fixing the unevenness of your shading with the blender. Rotate your paper to place the pencil strokes in the right direction. One of my favorite colored pencil brands is Caran D’ache Luminance because they’re very soft, durable, lightfast and blend exceptionally well simply by shading tightly or crosshatching with them. They’re very pricey but can make a great gift for every colored pencil artist.

    How to draw glass: tip #5 | Blending

    Glass has no texture. To imitate this glass-like surface colored pencil blending becomes key. Sometimes you don’t need extra blending if you shade with sharp pencils overlapping, crosshatching or moving in circles to create tight shading. Paper’s texture has a lot to do with it. Paper must be smooth with just a bit of paper tooth to adhere the colored pencil to. If your drawing paper has lots of texture, then blending is necessary.

    how to draw glass
    Glass chandelier, Veronica Winters | Many years ago I was fascinated by glass chandeliers when I was learning how to draw glass. I made several colored pencil drawings based on my photos I took at the palaces. I loved capturing all the reflections inside large glass and crystal shapes.

    To imitate the smoothness of glass I shade everything with heavy pencil pressure. Usually I don’t use the blender. If you think your shading is not complete without additional blending, use Caran d’Ache full blender at the very end. Blend everything where you don’t want to see any texture. Glass vase has no texture but flowers sticking out of it might have some texture, for example.

    Putting it all together

     how to draw wine glass
    Still life with a wine glass, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on paper, private collection | This drawing is available as a downloadable step-by-step drawing demonstration “How to draw wine glass”

    Step back and look at your colored pencil drawing of glass from a distance. Is the overall shape of the wine glass correct? Do you have enough variation in values ranging from light to dark? These are potential places to fix things. Is glass smooth with nice transitions? Do you have strong highlights?

    Oftentimes the blending step is not the last one in drawing of glass. Additional layering may be necessary to tweak the values or to soften the edges. When the surface becomes too waxy and doesn’t accept any more pigment, spray it with a fixative for dry media (I recommend Grumbacher). Let it dry and try shading it once again.


    colored pencil techniques video course by veronica winters
    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/p/veronica-winters-complete-colored-pencil-techniques-in-90-days
    how to draw glass
    Glass bunny, Veronica Winters | This drawing is available as a step-by-step demonstration in the Colored Pencil Magazine Workshop series (February 2021).
    colored pencil manual veronica winters
    I have two chapters dedicated to drawing glass and reflective surfaces. I explain how to make symmetrical shapes in wine glass and many other reflective objects. The colored pencil manual is sold on Amazon.

    The Colored Pencil Manual art instruction book: https://amzn.to/3fRpoEb

    How to Color like an Artist art coloring book: https://amzn.to/2LtH0Iq

    Art business ideas from Sensei Alford and Courtney Miley

    Stop sending artist portfolio to galleries, this is how it works! Tips from Courtney Miley & Sensei Alford | Ellemnop.art gallery

    Art Business Ideas That Work

    Subscribe & Rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here | Podcast Host: Veronica Winters, MFA | veronicasart.com

    Into the chaos, 24×30″ by Courtney Miley

    In this episode you’ll meet with Sensei Alford and abstract artist Courtney Miley from the ELLEmnop.art gallery. They both live in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

    We discuss art and the business of art. Courtney shares her motivation behind painting, challenges and outcomes. Sensei talks about his art business ideas and secrets how he finds clients, artists and vision in his daily work.

    Contact: Keidrick ‘Sensei’ Alford, gallery co-owner | sensei@ellemnop.art | Courtney Miley, abstract artist https://ellemnop.art/galleryinfinity/


    Highly sensitive people: how to prioritize well-being to tackle personal crisis

    Subscribe & Rate this podcast on Spotify and Apple | Show your support for the podcast: here

    Have you noticed you can’t stand violence watching movies? Or that you get really upset being rejected? Or you feel drained after visiting a party? Most artists I know are highly sensitive people including me. Our sensitivity lets us feel deeply to create beautiful art but it can also devastate us, bring pain and suffering. Instead of looking at this personality train as a weakness, let’s explore the advantages of being sensitive. We’re going to do a deep dive into the psychology of sensitive people and how we can calibrate our gift of sensitivity to be the best versions of ourselves.

    Highly sensitive people: who are they?

    Written by Mariya Shiyko, PhD, creator & owner of Joyful & Creative Living | Instagram & Facebook

    Definition:

    Highly sensitive people (HSP) are those who feel everything deeply and have a very deep inner life. They:

    · Can’t watch violent films or shows and they avoid reading or staying informed about the violence

    · Get tired when they spend a lot of time in noisy and high-stimulation environments

    · Can’t live without self-care. If deprived of it, they can have a break-down or engage in unhealthy behaviors

    · Enjoy art and often are very creative themselves

    · Get overwhelmed by stress and, in fact, try to avoid stressful situations

    · Feel deeply and tend to be more spiritual, philosophical, and empathetic, caring about the world

    The upsides:

    There are many upsides for the HSP. In many ways, they are gifted — and can be spiritual, creative, smart, and charismatic people because they can sense the situation without any words.

    Imagine that someone knows what you want without you even telling them. They care about the world, feel its pain, and want to improve it. They often go into caring, teaching, and serving professions. The world is a better place because of them.

    There is about 20% of HSP in the general population, and they are equally likely to be men and women. Although, for men, it might take longer to discover that, since there is still a very high stigma of sensitivity and emotional depth. The macho culture is dying very slowly.

    Differences:

    There are physiological and neurocognitive differences between HSP and non-HSP — information is processed differently, the stress response is activated at a different rate, and emotions are accessed in a different way. If you are interested in learning more about HSP, you can read this book by Dr. Elaine Aron “The Highly Sensitive Person: How to Thrive When the World Overwhelms You.” There are more reading recommendations in references, at the end of this blog post.

    I want to discuss, however, four topics relevant to HSP:

    Self-Esteem & Self-Acceptance

    For HSP to develop high self-esteem and self-acceptance, parenting has to be uniquely tailored to their needs to “be heard and be seen.” This is unlikely in many situations. Given that emotional intelligence has been only on the rise in the last decade in the USA, and most of the world is still lagging behind, the likelihood that HS children were acknowledged and not judged for their emotions is very low.

    In fact, they might have been shamed for feeling in a specific way and not given an opportunity to express themselves if their experience deviated from the “expected” or the “norm.” In such conditions, HSP might grow up with feelings of ‘SOMETHING IS DEEPLY WRONG WITH ME,” trying to fit in into the normal way of being and not fully finding comfort there either.

    Solution:

    · Understand that you are not alone. 20% of the population is a substantial number. You are not a minority. Normalizing the fact that HSP exists is part of the solution.

    · Self-parenting would be a big component of your healing journey. You will need to learn how to self-parent yourself while being an adult. This means: recognizing your needs for extra time off, quiet time, self-care, and anything else that your nervous system needs to feel safe and, more than that, — flourish!

    · Educate yourself to recognize needs, desires, and mostly strengths because you have lots of unique strengths that other people don’t have.

    · Express your needs in relationships but don’t expect that people will remember them forever — you will need to keep reminding yourself and others about your needs.

    · Forgive — your parents, bosses, and others who might have not recognized you as an HSP and created unbearable circumstances in your life. This will bring your peace and sanity. Emotional intelligence is still on the rise, and mental and spiritual health awareness is still in its infant stage of development. The general population will need time and education to catch up.

    Relationships

    It is fascinating that HSP might fluctuate between really enjoying social interactions because they bring them joy, depth of experiences, and an opportunity to contribute to this world. On the other hand, the same social interactions might bring stress, overwhelm, and overstimulation.

    What other people consider “fun” — going to bars, drinking, participating in highly stimulating activities, HSP might find enjoyable to a degree or not enjoyable at all, depending on how sensitive their nervous system is. The “dose” of stimulation might vary from mild to extreme.

    HSP are a gift to be in a relationship with — they understand and perceive the world deeply and have a lot to contribute to a relationship — from knowledge to intuition to care to creativity to the unbeatable skill of knowing before something actually occurs, as if by magic — seeing the future. Yet, their needs might be perceived as weird or unacceptable, even judged by other people.

    Solution:

    · Know yourself really well — because other people won’t know you and it’s not really their job to know you. Knowing yourself is a process — it’s not a one-time thing, it will unfold and deepen with time.

    · Express yourself and your needs. If someone doesn’t want to listen or respect who you are, these are probably not the right people to socialize with. It’s not their fault and it’s not a reason for you to get angry with them. But understand that you don’t need to sacrifice yourself to be in a relationship — be it romantic or friendship or collegial.

    · Know your boundaries, set them, express them, and know that you don’t need to feel guilty about boundaries. Imagine someone with diabetes saying, “I can’t have sugar.” That is normal and, in most cases, won’t be judged. The same thing for HSP — there are boundaries on your emotional, physical, and spiritual well-being — you can’t do certain things and you have to do certain things to stay healthy, well, and flourish.

    · Be aware that there are people who have a tendency to take advantage of others in some way. It is not OK for you. Say “NO” to such people. They might not do it intentionally, but it is still your responsibility to say “NO.”

    · Joyful and Fulfilling relationships are possible. So, no need to settle for something mediocre and self-defeating.

    Work

    HSP has much to offer to this world — they come with unique gifts and talents. They are not concentrated only in one domain of expression: for example, only psychology or only arts. They can be everywhere and anywhere — in business, agriculture, management, therapy, and so on. HSP can also be very skilled high-level managers: they care about people, pre-emp problems with solutions, and have a capacity to take on a high-bird perspective on business and situations.

    There are also some challenges that HSP need to be aware of that brings us to

    Solution:

    · Need for rest and self-care — they simply can’t work 10 or even 8 hours a day. They must rest to avoid a break-down

    · Need to process their feelings and emotions and find meaning in them. Part of the gift of being an HSP is to feel deeply about the world. Just being a manager or a teacher or an artist is not enough. HSP need to find and derive meaning from things. And this is a HUGE need for HSP. Time needs to be left in a day or a week to journal, communicate with a close friend or engage in anything else that facilitates meaning creation (e.g., art, movement, prayer, etc.)

    · Need for a safe work environment. Recognize that your workspace needs to be created in a way that is helping you to work rather than you struggling to work. Inter-personal conflicts, messy desks, common working spaces might not be for you. Bring beauty and peace to your work.

    · Remember that you don’t need to take care of everyone in your work environment — everyone’s problem is NOT yours. It is great to be compassionate and caring, but you can’t carry the world on your shoulders

    · Be aware of people taking advantage of your kindness and energetic compassion and giving. In the end, it’s always a personal journey. Let others be somewhat independent. In the same way that you need to learn to parent yourself, encourage others to do the same. Yes, you can ask and demand that from others.

    · If you are in a position to hire people, you can absolutely set criteria for other self-care. In the same way that you wouldn’t want to have a drunk in your beautiful home, you wouldn’t want to have a drunk in your office or workspace. And you can reject people who don’t understand that taking care of themselves impacts everyone around — that is OK.

    · Working for yourself is also a solution, where you are able to set your timetable, conditions, and collaborations.

    Spirituality

    HSP might find themselves attracted to spirituality because they are interested in questions such as “Who am I?” “Why the world is the way it is?” “How can I be happy in life?” “What is my life purpose?” “What is the nature of God?” etc. Their intuitive understanding of things might bring them very special experiences in the realm of spirituality, such as oneness, direct communication with spiritual beings, extreme intuitive knowing of things, and a deep understanding of spiritual concepts.

    There are also challenges that come with it. For instance, getting a bit lost in spirituality and thinking that the spiritual world is more important than the human world — simply because the human world doesn’t seem to be able to take care of their needs. They may devote too much time to spirituality for that very reason, seeking healing, transformation, and wholeness.

    Solution:

    · Remembering that healing is a journey, it’s a process. Choosing a gentle path of healing is important so that traumas from the past are not triggered many times. Coming from the place of self-love and self-acceptance.

    · Being gentle with yourself, paying attention to your needs.

    · Knowing that healing is possible and that you don’t need to choose “being spiritual” or “being human” — you can have both worlds coexisting and helping each other flourish, create and enjoy life.

    · Trusting ease and joy, making an effort to make changes in your life that align with your physical, mental, and spiritual well-being

    · Allocating time for meditation, prayer, and any other spiritual practice

    · Sharing the depth of your experiences with others — by blogging, creating art, having conversations, etc.

    · Accepting the challenging sides of being an HSP and accepting yourself as a whole, the unconditional love so to speak — not rejecting the parts of you that are sensitive and need extra love and care

    · Learning how to let go of pain — is very important. You don’t need to suffer all your life just because there is so much pain in the world. You don’t need to save the world. You don’t need to be Mother Theresa for everyone coming your way.

    · Create healthy boundaries even within yourself — indulging in heavy emotions is draining for your psyche: feel and learn to let go.

    · Learn practices that uplift you. You might have a tendency to allow yourself to feel everything. Which is wonderful, but learning how to raise your energy and uplift your vibration, so to speak, is extremely important for leading a fulfilling life.

    I hope this article was helpful for you or someone you know who exhibits the qualities of an HSP. It was inspired by my personal life journey and sensitivities to feel deeply. It’s been a great challenge and a marvelous blessing that I am learning to embrace. As I grow to understand my needs better and express them to others, I see my life transform and improve in myriads of ways. And I wish you all the blessings and joy you can experience in a lifetime that is so complex, beautiful and inspiring to growth.

    References:

    1. Elaine Aaron, PhD (2020). The Highly Sensitive Person: How to Thrive When the World Overwhelms You.
    2. Elaine Aaron, PhD (2001). The Highly Sensitive Perso in Love: Understanding and Managing Relationships When the World Overwhelms You.
    3. Sensitive: The Untold Story (film)

    Written by Mariya Shiyko, PhD, creator of Joyful & Creative Living You can learn more about Mariya’s coaching, services, and books on her site. Mariya’s books: My Brilliant Money Book & From Russia to Joy

    Video Podcast talking points:

    • Who are highly sensitive people? 8:09 min
    • Finding meaning in life 17 min & 38:50
    • Self-parenting 18:45
    • Setting boundaries 26:30
    • How to stop negative thinking 30:54
    • How to say “No” 32:26
    • Child parenting 35 min
    • Letting go of pain 46:44
    • What is energy healing? 52:50
    • How beliefs create reality 58 min
    • Books and more 1:05

    Check out visionary art for sale: http://veronicasart.com/

    How to promote your art and advance your career to sell more art

    How to Promote your Art and Advance your Art Career

    The following article is the advice I’d give myself over 25 years ago when I began drawing. I was shy, clueless and too naïve to believe that someone would see me or discover my art after I have my college degree. If you think like me, stop it. There’s a very slim chance of this happening unless you’re super lucky. Instead focus on cultivating your ability to promote yourself shamelessly. Yes, shamelessly. You must feel good about it though to sound confident and sincere talking about your art.

    Stop asking for permission to do what you want. No one can give you the advice that feels right for you. Only you know what’s genuine to your soul and what feels off. Give yourself permission to feel and dream. Let yourself be free to express who you’re! Be unique.

    interior space-veronica winters paintings


    One thing no successful artist shares with others is his business know-how. Here’s one of life-learning lessons from me…Success in artist career strongly correlates to the artist’s personality.. No strategy or marketing advice will work for you if you’re not extraverted and confident, or you don’t attempt to adapt to your circumstances and pursue your goals with relentless passion. If you avoid people (my case), your sales are very limited because guess what? You sell art to people around you or with whom you develop a relationship.

    Money affirmation from Bob Proctor:
    I am so happy and grateful now - that money comes to me in increasing quantities through multiple sources on a continuous basis. 

    There are several effective ways promoting your art:

    1. The most effective way is to work on publicity efforts that include both local and national magazines, newspapers and presentations. Aftercall, that’s the reason why PR firms exist. They promote artists heavily. The artist must lead with a story and emotion to generate interest in his/her work. This strategy must be ongoing reaching out to top publications with lots of potential for bringing relevant traffic. The subcategory in this strategy is to be active in relevant groups on Facebook to help others, befriend, and generate genuine interest. Local media likes the community aspect in artist’ press releases meaning that your event needs strongly correlate to you local scene (is it a show with a community outreach? A donation for cause? or something else?)
    2. Have strong, professional presence online via your site, Instagram and possibly affiliations with art organizations.
    3. Collaborate with pro artists on special projects or shows and events who are a few steps ahead of you. It’s useless to run after people who don’t care what you do but you must continue reaching out, maintaining social presence to find those who are supportive of your vision.
    4. Find a successful mentor who might not be available for free but learning from such a mentor can cut on years of frustration and disappointment for you.
    5. Work with curators. Curators place your work in museums raising value of your art.
    6. Teach art or art-related subject either online or locally or both. This way you constantly attract new people and build the customer base for your services. You’re getting paid consistently if you manage your time and clients well.
    7. Be very social on all social events generating interest in your art and personality by talking about your ideas and mission instead of explaining that you are an abstract artist or a portrait one.
    8. If your goal is to be represented by a gallery, befriend many artists showing at that gallery.
    9. Write step–by-step demonstrations for specialized publications.
    10. Win a big award. Win more awards. This is not an effective strategy for most artists but those who win big awards or residencies attract attention and advance their careers.
    11. Apply to residencies, especially those in or near New York, LA and other cultural centers. Curators walk through non-profits picking their stars.
    12. Live in a big artistic place to network and connect with art professionals. This is essential to art promotion. This outreach should be constant like brushing your teeth.
    13. Work with interior designers, especially if your art is abstract. Take them out for lunch to understand size and color specifications to create art that they want. Think of it as commissioned work.
    14. Use Facebook ads to sell a low-entry print or course to attract attention and build customer base to sell higher-priced items later on.

    You kind of have to work on all of this simultaneously building strong foundation and relationships with people and think of it as your business that must have all the legs in a stool, not just one or two.

    Veronica Winters

    Becoming a successful artist can be a challenging and complex process, and there is no one-size-fits-all answer. So in addition to what I wrote above:

    1. Develop your skills: Whether you’re a painter, sculptor, musician, or writer, honing your craft is essential to becoming a successful artist. This may involve taking classes, practicing regularly, and seeking feedback from other artists or mentors. It depends what art style you choose to pursue. For instance becoming a realist artist is a lot of work to put in no matter how you slice it.
    2. Build your portfolio: Your portfolio is your calling card as an artist, and it’s important to showcase your best work in a professional manner. Consider creating a website or online gallery to showcase your best art, and make sure to keep your portfolio up to date as you create new work. Be as consistent as possible in size, style and subject. Instagram is a good alternative to show your process videos and art in space. It’s also a virtual place to network.
    3. Be original and creative: The art world is constantly evolving, so it is important to stay ahead of the curve by being original and creative. Experiment with different styles and techniques, and don’t be afraid to take risks. Listen to interviews with contemporary artists. While business secrets remain as such, some artists do share good tips in networking.
    4. Network: Building relationships with other artists, curators, collectors, and other professionals in the art world can be crucial to your success. Attend art shows and events, join artist groups, and use social media to connect with others in the industry.
    5. Develop your brand: As an artist, you are also a brand, and it’s important to develop a clear and consistent message about your work and your identity as an artist. Consider creating a logo or tagline that reflects your style and personality.
    6. Be persistent: Success as an artist often requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and persistence. Don’t be discouraged by rejection or setbacks, and continue to work on your craft and promote your art. With time, effort, and a little bit of luck, you may be able to achieve your goals as an artist.
    Check out my art on Instagram or YouTube. I also host Hooked on Art Podcast

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    Independence

    veronica winters colored pencil
    Omnipresent mind, colored pencil on paper, 19×25 inches, closeup

    Every nation wants to be independent and fights for its freedom to be just that. Independent. Every nation and its people affirms its difference from others. Yet when thoughts on racism, oppression or minorities arise, every nation and person want to be treated equally. What’s the relationship between nationality and equality then?

    The thing is that all nationalities and people are the One and the same. Because we all have the same emotions, struggles, and joys. We experience love and hate not based on our race or nationality or belonging to a particular group of people. We have dreams, wants and reactions regardless our nationality. We act and behave as people based on our personal beliefs, emotions and upbringing for the most part.

    blooming heart colored pencil drawing by veronica winters-15.5x25
    blooming heart colored pencil drawing by veronica winters-15.5×25

    People fight for independence in wars because the “superior” nation decides that the “minority” would do better with them. A conflict based on superiority or values consumes people with anger. Everyone is busy thinking that they’re patriots fighting for their national honor. Those who disagree are labeled as traitors.

    However this sense of belonging, love and independence is always present deep inside every person of every race and nationality. Please know that you can always access your sense of peace inside you. That you matter and your soul is rich with love, wisdom and experience. We all belong to the Universe where national or racial distinction doesn’t exist.

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    salvator mundi by leonardo da vinci_veronica winters blog, fake orb

    The Salvator Mundi painting of Leonardo da Vinci: is it real or fake?

    The authenticity of Salvator Mundi is a matter of ongoing debate among art historians. Some experts believe that it is a genuine work by Leonardo da Vinci, while others believe that it is a copy or a workshop painting. There is evidence to support both sides of the argument. The painting’s style is consistent with Leonardo’s other works, and it has been authenticated by some of the world’s leading experts on da Vinci. However, there are also some inconsistencies in the painting’s execution, composition and some experts believe that it may have been significantly altered over time.

    In 2017, Salvator Mundi was sold for a record-breaking $450 million at Christie’s auction house. The buyer was a Saudi Arabian prince, who later donated the painting to the Louvre Abu Dhabi. However, in 2019, the Louvre Abu Dhabi announced that it would not be displaying the painting, citing “technical and logistical challenges.”

    After reviewing the available information online, images and other literature I’ve found about this painting, I believe that the Salvator Mundi is not painted by Leonardo da Vinci. If not a skillful forgery, this painting may have the underpainting done by Leonardo with the rest got filled in by one of his students at best. The more I study this painting, the more inconsistencies I see in the Salvator Mundi.

    In the following article you’ll find why the authentication process of da Vinci’s work is so speculative.

    The Salvator Mundi oil painting by Leonardo da Vinci (Italian, 1452-1519): is it real or fake?

    da vinci salvator mundi after restoration
    “Salvator Mundi” Oil on walnut panel, 25 13/16 x 17 7/8 inches (65.6 x 45.4 cm), Private Collection

    The last artwork authenticated as Leonardo’s is the Benois Madonna located at the Hermitage, St. Petersburg. It was over 100 years ago. With just about 15 paintings attributed to the artist, finding a new da Vinci is extremely rare. This is the most expensive work of art ever sold at auction. Salvator Mundi  or Savior of the World sold for the astronomical $450,312,500 (that includes buyer’s premium) at Christie’s New York. While you can find plenty of information online about the artwork’s ownership and how the Salvator Mundi arrived at Christie’s, I’d like to talk about this painting from the artistic point of view and what inconsistencies I see in it as an artist. While I’m not an expert on Leonardo’s art, I’m a realist painter who designs and paints classically-inspired art.

    When art sells for millions we need to question its origin. When I listened to the interview with an art dealer Robert Simon I felt for the painting and believed it was real. Simon outlined a very slow process of discoveries made about the painting. After listening to the podcast, I got interested in researching the available documentation and imagery. The more I looked, the more doubtful I became of its original creation. Here is why.

    Suggested Donation podcast: http://www.suggesteddonationpodcast.com/blog/2015/9/15/episode-21-robert-simon).

    The over painted version of Salvator Mundi is on the left, while the restored version is on the right.

    In his story Robert Simon describes the terrible condition he found the artwork in. Although he saw the beautiful hand that didn’t correspond to a harshly overpainted face stylistically, Mr. Simon had no idea it would be da Vinci at first sight. In the interview you’ll learn how slow the process of discovery was, working closely with the restorer Dianne Dwyer Modestini, Senior Research Fellow and Conservator of the Kress Program in Paintings Conservation at the Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. Both of them found clues that this painting could be by Leonardo. Eventually Robert Simon introduced this painting to the Leonardo’s experts in London to confirm the authenticity of the art.

    References that suggested the existence of da Vinci’s the Salvator Mundi

    In the scholarly article written by Joanne Snow-Smith she traces the whereabouts of the artist. Looking at the trail of paperwork registered in royal courts, she concludes that Louis XII, the king of France, ordered a direct commission to Leonardo da Vinci in 1507, made payments for it between 1507-11, and demanded its completion and turn over in 1513. So the original artwork was painted between 1507-1513. (Painting it on and off for many years is consistent with the artist’ habits). In 1513 da Vinci turned it in to the king’s intermediaries. Next year the king’s wife died and he donated the artwork to a convent in 1514 where it remained for over a century until it got to the Charles I royal collection.

    Below you’ll find images with dates that don’t quite correspond to this timeline. For instance, Leonardo’s studies of clothed arms and chest were done between 1504-8 and many paintings with similar composition are dated before 1507. Joanne Snow-Smith proposes that Leonardo painted two copies of the Salvator Mundi based on similarities and differences in the etching, copy paintings and the Windsor castle drawings. ( Source: “The Salvator Mundi of Leonardo da Vinci” by Joanne Snow-Smith, Arte Lombarda Nuova Serie, No. 50 (1978), pp. 69-81).

    So the Leonardo’s Salvator Mundi painting existed for sure,  maybe even in two versions, which is also possible because the artist painted two versions of the Virgin of the Rocks. What raises questions if the etching was done from the original da Vinci’ painting hidden in the convent for a century. The etching by Hollar becomes important because it’s one of the strongest visual references to the proposed original, or perhaps, it served as a prototype for a beautiful forgery. Let me explain.

    #1 reference: etching

    Wenceslaus Hollar’s etching, 1650 | Before the modern printing process ever came to existence, it was common practice to produce etchings of masterworks for wider distribution among the royalty, wealthy and public. It’s clear that Leonardo worked on the concept of this painting because he gave it to Louis XII in 1513, and one etching (3 versions of the etching) completed by Wenceslaus Hollar after the original were registered in the royal collection of Charles I of England. Hollar signs and dates his etching, with Latin inscription that ‘Leonardo da Vinci painted it.’ This etching was done from Hollar’s previous drawing that he could have sketched while on a visit to the convent.  According to Robert Simon the etching has a large jewel in the clothing that was painted over and then re-discovered in the original painting during the restoration. Yet, there is no clear evidence that the Leonardo’s painting was indeed the prototype for this etching.
    What is etching? Intaglio or etching is one of the oldest forms of printmaking where an artist would draw an image with a needle on a metal plate, engrave it with an acid, then charge it with ink to impress the picture on paper with the press.  A single image could have many stages or states in its development when the artist increases contrast by building up strokes in the shadows. Every new state goes through the same process of acid corrosion, inking and printing.  Because the artist hand-inks the plate and decides how much ink to remove from it, the final image may appear much lighter or darker. Not a single stroke can be removed, so artists exercised great control over the quality and quantity of their strokes. Master etchers among the old masters are Rembrandt and Durer. This printmaking process is taught in art colleges and I made a number of prints using this technique.

    If we begin to compare this etching to the discovered Salvator Mundi we can observe three things. The eyes look in different direction. Christ has a definite beard in the Hollar’s etching unlike in the presented painting. The orb’s reflection is not what the scientist artist (da Vinci) would actually see but it’s similar in the etching, the da Vinci’s painting, and some copy paintings. If the etching was done from the original da Vinci, it raises questions how the artist could have ignored the effects of optics he studied so carefully. (Below you’ll find my photos of the orb and how it appears placed in a hand).

    #2 reference: da Vinci’s sketches

    The second strongest visual reference to the existence of the Salvator Mundi are the da Vinci’s studies located in the Windsor castle collection.

    two drapery studies for salvator Mundi by da Vanci
    Two drapery studies – preparatory drawings for the Salvator Mundi by da Vanci – are  in the royal collections at Windsor Castle, England, 1504-1508. These two drawings is a clear evidence that Leonardo studied the folds and disposition of Christ’s tunic and its sleeves. The drawings are modeled in two colors in chalk characteristic for the classical method of drawing in that period.  These studies of drapery show that Leonardo was influenced by the Greco-Roman art and must have studied classical sculpture during his travels in Rome and wanted the clothing look natural and graceful. It also proves that he worked on the concept of his future painting.

    We can see that the drawings show two different positions of the arms with folds falling somewhat differently. One of the hand positions is captured fairly closely to the original drawing in the etching and painting. These preparatory drawings become the strongest references to the Salvator Mundi painting. The hand is so beautifully painted, it does look like Leonardo!
    (Images: https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/912525/studies-of-drapery-for-a-salvator-mundi | https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/912524/a-study-of-drapery-for-a-salvator-mundi).

    #3 reference: artist copies

    Albrecht_Dürer and school of da vinci_mundi
    1. Albrecht Dürer, c.1505, (unfinished), The Met        2.   School of Leonardo da Vinci, c.1503           3.  Cesare da Sesto, 1516, Wilanow Palace, Poland (Images source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvator_Mundi_(Leonardo) )

    There are many copy paintings made from either the original or the etching, letting us believe that the artists were familiar with the original composition of the Salvator Mundi and painted either copies or their interpretations on the theme. By looking at these painted copies we can see striking similarities to the etching and the da Vinci’s Salvator Mundi in the depiction of both hands, the orb, and the figure positioning painted by various artists.

    However, based on the existing documents and style, the da Vinci painting was painted between 1507 and 1513, while he was in the service of king Louis XII, which places some of the copies before  da Vinci finished working on his painting. Unless da Vinci had conceived and began working on this composition before 1503 (Mona Lisa was begun between 1503-6), and other artists had already seen it, it’s difficult to believe that this composition is original Leonardo.  Leonardo’s drawings of clothed arms are dated 1504-8. Therefore it’s either the fact that these paintings were done after a different painting (and not from the da Vinci’s), or Leonardo borrowed the composition and its elements for his work from the Flemish painters and the Vera Icon (Head of Christ) by van Eyck (now lost and existing in contemporary copies of his workshop). Or Leonardo made the first version of his painting before working on the Louis XII commission, which is less likely.

    Salvator Mundi, Workshop of Hans Memling, Flemish, 1475-99, the Met. “Christ is shown here as the Savior of the World, holding in his left hand a cross-topped globe representing the earth, while his right hand is raised in blessing. This was a popular image type in the fifteenth-century Flemish painting that merged the themes of the Holy Face (Christ’s features miraculously imprinted on a cloth) and Christ in Majesty.” (Source: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437061)

    Vera Icon (Head of Christ), Jan van Eyck workshop

    Hans_Memling veronica holding her veil, 1470 and christ in turin
    Hans Memling, Veronica holding her veil,” 1470, early Flemish painting (left) | Veronica’s Veil with the image of Christ on display in, Turin, Italy

    What looks like Leonardo…

    In classical art, the artist sketches the subject, transfers the lines and paints them in warm, brown paint on panel or canvas. He then layers color in subsequent layers. In the old masters technique, multiple layers were very thin to achieve the desired atmospheric effect. The da Vinci's sfumato technique involves multiple glazing of thin paint, so thin that some areas don't even show up in the X-ray examinations. In his podcast interview Robert Simon describes how they took a probe on the face of the Salvator Mundi to reveal 17 layers of paint!
    

    His Face

    By looking at some copy paintings above it’s easy to see that these artists were able to copy the beautiful hand, orb and delicate pattern of the clothing. However, none of them could copy the same glowing face of the da Vinci painting. The ambiguous face in the Salvator Mundi is so much like Leonardo. Illusive. Ethereal. Glowing. The artist achieved such appearance in his art by glazing very thin layers of oil paint. By mixing the paint with a lot of medium (linseed oil or other oil) the artist created the sfumato technique, the very style we see in the Mona Lisa, the Saint John the Baptist, and in the Virgin and Child with St. Anne. And by looking at the painting for the first time without studying it carefully, it’s easy to conclude that it’s by Leonardo because the painting art style is so similar to other works created by the artist.

    If you look at the restored portrait closely, you’ll notice the discrepancies that Leonardo couldn’t have done himself. While the painting style is so Leonardonesque, the crooked tip of the nose and the cross-eyed appearance of Christ raise questions for me as an artist. Being a scientist, Leonardo’s anatomy drawings show exquisite understanding and perfection of human form of that period, so these anatomical discrepancies look like obvious flaws. Why would the artist paint the body of Christ with such symmetry and ignore the symmetry of the eyes and nose? One explanation is that the panel has cracked and warped so much in five centuries that it changed the appearance of the drawing in the nose and chipped off some paint in the eyes (which is hard to believe because the pupils look so uneven, and the shape of the eyes is different).   I would like to hear the restorer’s explanation to understand this. If you look at this picture where I overlay straight lines over his face, you can see how crooked the nose is, which lines up with the mouth but not with the top part of the face. The eyes don’t line up either, each having a different shape. In other Leonardo’s drawings and paintings you can see a more complicated rotations of the head that demand a perfect line up of facial features.

    Moreover, In the Hollar’s etching we can see that the Christ’s eyes look in a different direction compared to the painting’s straight gaze. The man also wears a definite beard in the etching unlike in the da Vinci’s painting that looks soft and illusive.

    The face has a beard. The eyes look in a different direction than the found da Vinci.
    da Vinci faces from his paintings from left to right: 1. Angel from the Madonna of the Rocks 2. Salvator Mundi 3. The St. John the Baptist 4. Virgin of the Rocks 5. The Virgin and Child with St. Anne (bottom) 6. Mona Lisa 7. La Belle Ferronniere 8. drawing for The Virgin and Child with St. Anne .

    Moreover, the presented Salvator Mundi has a non-existent neck. When you look at the line up of faces from da Vinci paintings above, you see a different style of painting the neck. All of them are cylinder-like with considerable definition and naturalistic detail. In the Salvator Mundi painting the neck is obscure and ill-defined unlike in other da Vinci paintings. Also, all known paintings by da Vinci have the models rotating in space a lot. The Salvator Mundi portrait is so frontal it’s inconsistent with the artist’s work.

    His Hand

    The Salvator Mundi blessing hand is the most realistic, da Vinci-like element in the entire painting. Its elegant design and unbelievably well-painted anatomy make it the best hand by Leonardo I’ve seen in comparison to his other paintings. It’s the most believable element in the painting that looks like Leonardo painted it.

    The Salvator Mundi’s hand is the most beautiful element in the entire painting.
    Details of hands from other artworks painted by da Vinci.

     

    His Hair

    Details of the curly hair painted by da Vinci.

    While we can see the Leonardonesque hair in this portrait where every strand is observed, this visual element is actually prone to copying by other artists (see the image above of Salvator Mundi, School of Leonardo da Vinci, c.1503 ). The Leonardonesque hair type was a very popular element in the Italian Renaissance painting. Therefore, its hard to say that Leonardo was the only artist painting these beautiful curls in this manner. Leonardo got his initial training in the Andrea del Verrocchio’s workshop in Florence where he assisted the master artist in completion of art, working among many other students. Here we can see this manner of painting the curls.

    Verrocchio,_Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Battesimo_di_Cristo sm
    Verrocchio, the Baptism of Christ. This is the first known work where da Vinci painted the angel to the left being a student in the Verrocchio’s workshop.

    Verrocchio, Tobias and the Angel | This painting shows how Verrocchio himself painted the curly hair.

    These are examples of other artists painting the curly hair before and after da Vinci. They have similar style that makes it fairly easy to copy the da Vinci’s hair. | From left to right: Italian painting details, Turin and Durer’s self-portraits.

    The painting’s restoration process

    1. The removed overpainting reveals the image beneath it. | 2. Overpainted version | 3. The restored painting

    In general, paintings get cleaned by removing the varnish, which is a protective coating that traps the dirt and UV light, and protects the oil paint from damage. Usually the removal of old varnish, reveals a much lighter and brighter painting with the original, beautiful colors painted by the artist. High-quality paints wouldn’t fade as much, rather would become more transparent with age. What we see in the first image is the removal of the overpainted image that reveals the original painting underneath it. White lines look like gesso marks crudely painted over the cracks of the original painting trying to fill them in. Oil paint is applied over the gesso to create a painting. By comparing the first and the last image we can see how much restoration was done.

    In the interview Mr. Simon says that the Salvator Mundi came to him in terrible condition: the walnut panel had a big vertical crack that was poorly repaired and repainted multiple times over. Smaller cracks and hastily repairs damaged the surface to a great degree.

    Dianne Modestini made an incredible job cleaning and restoring the artwork. She didn’t just create a new version of Christ like we see in the overpainted image in the center. Rather, she stripped the painting down to its original state, fixing the “scratches.” The Da Vinci’s signature style – sfumato and the ethereal appearance of the face, are present after 500 years from its creation. The original color of clothing may have been different, however, probably having brighter blues in the beginning. Here is what the restorer says about the painting on Christie’s website.

    Dianne Modestini explains that the original walnut panel on which Leonardo, who was known for his use of experimental material, executed Salvator Mundi contained a knot which had split early in its history. However, she concludes that important parts of the painting are remarkably well-preserved, and close to their original state. These include both of Christ’s hands, the exquisitely rendered curls of his hair, the orb, and much of his drapery. The magnificently executed blessing hand, Modestini notes, is intact. With regards to the face, Modestini comments, ‘Fortunately, apart from the discrete losses, the flesh tones of the face retain their entire layer structure, including the final scumbles and glazes. These passages have not suffered from abrasion; if they had I wouldn’t have been able to reconstruct the losses.

    During the conservation process, pentimenti — preliminary compositional ideas, subsequently changed by the artist in the finished painting, but not reflected in the etching or painted copies — are observed through infrared imaging, and duly photographed. The most prominent is a first position for the thumb in the blessing hand, more upright than in the finished picture. IRR imagery also reveals distinct handprints, especially evident on the proper left side of Christ’s forehead, where the artist smoothed and blotted the paint with his palm. This kneading of the paint in order to create soft and amorphous effects of shadow and light is typical of the artist’s technique in the latter part of Leonardo’s career. reference: http://www.christies.com/features/Salvator-Mundi-timeline-8644-3.aspx )

    da Vinci’s materials and the preparatory ground

    Because the artwork’s creation is placed close to the Mona Lisa painting in its style and dates, one of the clues to the authentication of the Salvator Mundi  would be the examination and analysis under a microscope of preparatory ground (gesso) underneath the oil paint. It’s known that Leonardo tinted the ground in two colors: blue under the top/ landscape area; red under the bottom area in Mona Lisa, La Belle Ferronniere, The Musician, and St. Anne. ( Pietro C. Marani, Leonardo da Vinci, the complete paintings, Harry N. Abrams, inc. publishers, p. 198). Such examination would also reveal marks of an underlying drawing traced in the ground. Christie’s website mentions spolveri — pouncing — can be seen running along the line of the upper lip. “The rest of the body has a much looser, brushy underdrawing, with further small changes of mind. This combination of careful preparation for the head and much greater improvisation for the body is characteristic of Leonardo.” The X-rays would show different positions or variations of features from the finished painting. Because da Vinci painted in very thin glazes, some elements like an illusive smile or hair may not show up in the X-rayed images.

    On the Christie’s website you’ll find this statement. “Powerfully convincing evidence of Leonardo’s authorship was provided by the discovery of numerous pentimenti — preliminary composition ideas, subsequently changed by the artist in the finished painting, but not reflected in the etching or painted copies. The most prominent of these — a first position for the thumb in the blessing hand, more upright than in the finished picture — was uncovered and photographed during the conservation process.” Further examination with infrared imaging would show additional pentimenti- changes in the drawing, which are recorded on the Christie’s website as subtle changes found in the contour of the hand holding the orb.

    While these discoveries of pentimenti and spolveri are good indications of the old master work, they are not exclusive to Leonardo’s method of work. And if we think of a careful forgery, this method of working on a painting could have been forged after reading a comprehensive book on Leonardo.

    Da Vinci was famous for his experimentation with materials and techniques (Look at the terrible condition of the Last Supper mural). While most artists of his time painted on poplar panels, he chose the walnut one. (Half of his paintings are on poplar wood). He also was one of the first painters to use the walnut oil, which slows down the drying time of oil paint and thus allows for a prolonged painting period. While the walnut oil doesn’t yellow unlike the linseed oil, it’s less stable and may contribute to a weaker bond between many layers of paint and thus makes the painting more susceptible to damage in the long run.

    Technical examinations and analyses have demonstrated the consistency of the pigments, media, and technique discovered in Salvator Mundi  with those known to have been used by Leonardo. Syson notes particularly the use of precious lapis lazuli in the Christ’s celestial blue clothes, a practice that was unusual at this date, suggestive of the opulence of the commission.

    Da Vinci was not the only artist to use precious pigments in his art.  Florentine artist Giotto (c. 1266-1337) comes to mind. Therefore it can’t be a strong argument to authenticate the painting based on the precious pigments used, in my opinion.

    What’s fake? (or added after Leonardo)

    The da Vinci’s orb may not be by da Vinci

    The orb’s reflection makes this painting the hardest thing to believe that it’s by da Vinci. It’s painted with transparency of glass that’s impossible to achieve, considering the shape and properties of the orb, regardless its material. da Vinci was a scientist who studied the effects of optics and light extensively. His knowledge of optics is shown in his atmospheric quality of layering paint on figures and landscape backgrounds. There are many scientific drawings made by Leonardo that show his curiosity and understanding of nature. As an artist he was exceptional at perfecting every aspect of painting: composition, atmosphere, color, anatomy, etc. In the following pictures you can see how the orb’s reflection looks like. I’m tempted to speculate that the Da Vinci’s original was unfinished at the time he needed to give it to the king Louis XII, and it was hastily completed by one of his students. Leonardo was notorious for not finishing his projects (and not just paintings), and like in the Mona Lisa case, it’s presumed the painting traveled with the artist, and he worked on it on and off for about 5 years. Or perhaps, the referenced orb was made of a different material rather than the one shown below.

    da vinci orb a fake?
    I took these pictures of the orb under different lighting conditions and points of view to illustrate the essence of a problem we see in the painting. The orb’s real reflection is very different from the painting’s. The orb can reflect in three ways. 1. The image of the surroundings turns upside down in the orb when you partially hold it or place it on a stand. 2. The orb reflects the surroundings without turning them upside down. In the second row you see my studio and me reflected in the orb. 3. The orb magnifies the palm of the hand big time (the last row). Depending on the viewer’s point of view, you may also see a weak reflection of the surroundings besides the reflected hand. But in no circumstances the orb can be as transparent as you see in the Salvator Mundi painting. So if it were painted by da Vinci, the orb could have been made of other material to have the reflections shown in the painting.

    Isaacson believes that this was “a conscious decision on Leonardo’s part”,[33] and speculates that either Leonardo felt a more accurate portrayal would be distracting, or “he was subtly trying to impart a miraculous quality to Christ and his orb”.[32] Kemp, on the other hand, says the doubled outline of the heel of the hand holding the sphere—which the restorer described as a pentimento—is an accurate rendering of the refraction produced by a calcite sphere.[27] 

    Both of these statements are questionable. At the same time, it seems close to impossible that Leonardo would override his scientific side in favor of a creative interpretation. ( da Vinci considered himself a scientist, not a painter by writing a letter to L. Sforza of Milan offering his services to the court as a military engineer, not an artist.)

    Composition and background

    Many are concerned with the provenance of the da Vinci painting due to its tight, unlike-da-Vinci composition and a dark, empty background. While the background itself is of a lesser concern here because da Vinci painted several artworks with similar, dark background, what’s unclear why the figure is so frontal and sits so close to the edge.

    The_Lady_with_an_Ermine and st john the baptist by da vinci
    The Lady with an Ermine, 1489 and St. John the Baptist by da Vinci | These two works are attributed to da Vinci. They both have a single figure placed in a very dark background, which is similar to the Salvator Mundi. However, the rotation of the figures is different. Leonardo loved to rotate the figures showing them at 3/4 view as well.

    No realist artist would allow himself to place a figure so tight to the edge of the frame like we see in the Salvator Mundi. While this is a common mistake for a beginner artist, artists like da Vinci just couldn’t afford sacrificing composition to this degree. When the form is so close to the edge, it creates tension, which every good artist tries to avoid making. If the sleeve or hand gets cropped, it should look intentional and more definite (like we see in the Impressionists). In this painting we observe Christ’s hands and arms sitting so unbelievably close to the edge of the painting, the figure barely fits in the frame. The only explanation of such positioning is cropping of a wood panel at a later stage in history of this painting. Note that we can see the same tight cropping of the figure in the Hollar’s etching and other copy paintings! How would this be possible? Was the original painting cropped within the first 100 years of storage in a convent? What would be the reason for doing so? No adequate frame was found around to fit it in? Was the etching done not from the original da Vinci, which makes this painting forged from the etching itself?

    In his art Leonardo rotated the figures to get a more dynamic and dramatic position of a model. He either twisted the figures or used three-quarters view in portraiture art.  Was it his intention to reverse to the iconic imagery of the Medieval art to create a more universal image of Christ? There is a long history of iconography with frontal depiction of Christ that makes me think if Leonardo could make himself skip on his innovations in composition, reverting to this Medieval, symmetrical, iconic image of Christ.

    Some argue that it’s work by Leonardo because of the triangular composition (hands and head form a triangle). However, triangles were widely used by many artists as a design element in painting. We can also argue that the Salvator Mundi is either a forgery or an inspiration for other artists by comparing its composition to the Durer’s self-portrait at 28. What’s interesting here is that although Durer was German, he traveled to Italy around that time and may have seen the da Vinci’s work-in-progress in person, because this self-portrait is drastically different from his previous two. Or we can argue that the forger tried to create this universal, frontal image of Christ basing it off of the etching and Durer’s portrait.

    Dürer_self_portrait_28
    Durer, self-portrait at 28, 1500, oil on wood

    Conclusion

    The controversy surrounding Salvator Mundi is likely to continue for many years to come. Until the painting is publicly exhibited and subjected to further scientific analysis, it is impossible to say definitively whether it is a genuine work by Leonardo da Vinci. The lack of public exhibition has only fueled the debate over the painting’s authenticity. Some experts believe that the Louvre Abu Dhabi is hesitant to display the painting because they are unsure of its authenticity. Others believe that the museum is simply trying to protect the painting from damage.

    The more I study the Salvator Mundi, the more questions it raises. And the deeper I go, the more puzzling the inconsistencies in its origin become. Despite my first impression that the portrait has the da Vinci’s signature appearance with every detail and magical golden glow, all the problems I’ve listed above make me think that it’s either Leonardo’s underpainting finished by his student (considered the Old Master’s work), or it’s a complete forgery.  What’s clear is that it’s not enough to compare the da Vinci’s paintings visually. Only a thorough examination of all written documents as well as modern chemical analysis of the painting (and the etching) could authenticate the present Salvator Mundi by giving us the original dates. No matter how much time the experts would spend comparing this work to others done by da Vinci, there is still a lot of doubt in place if it’s his. And if it’s not a skillful forgery, Leonardo’s style is most definite in the face and the blessing hand, not in the orb, hair or fabric, which are fairly easy to forge by a contemporary realist artist or a restorer.

    Of course, this painting and its origin may deserve the criticism it receives from people working in the field that includes many experts on da Vinci’s art. Perhaps it may receive some criticism from art critics like we see here by Jerry Saltz. However, if someone is not an artist, hasn’t held a brush long enough to understand how hard realist painting is, or has meager knowledge of art history should refrain from posting negative comments about the restorer on social media, which I’ve seen a lot. We can still enjoy the art and discover new secrets about Leonardo and his circle.

    In 2021, a new documentary called “The Lost Leonardo” was released. The film explores the mystery surrounding Salvator Mundi and raises new questions about its authenticity. The film claims that the Louvre actually believes that the painting is a genuine da Vinci, but that they are refusing to display it because they do not want to anger the Saudi government.

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Resources:

    Scholarly papers database http://www.jstor.org | Snow-Smith, J. (1978). The Salvator Mundi of Leonardo da Vinci. Arte Lombarda, (50), nuova serie, 69-81. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/43105161

    Pietro C. Marani, Leonardo da Vinci, the complete paintings, Harry N. Abrams, inc. publishers

    Windsor Castle royal collection: https://www.royalcollection.org.uk/collection/search#/page/1

    Christie’s timeline: http://www.christies.com/features/Salvator-Mundi-timeline-8644-3.aspx

    Christie’s http://www.christies.com/features/The-last-da-Vinci-Salvator-Mundi-8598-3.aspx

    Suggested Donation: http://www.suggesteddonationpodcast.com/blog/2015/9/15/episode-21-robert-simon

    Old Master Dealer Robert Simon https://www.robertsimon.com/leonardos-salvator-mundi/

    *I wrote this article on Nov.24, 2017 and updated it slightly in 2023 to include the most recent information on it.

    Why Artists Create

    Why Do Artists Create Art? Online Group Exhibition

    I’d like to thank all the artists who entered this competition and all the sponsors who support the artists. Please visit the sponsors via the links shown below.

    Written by Veronica Winters, MFA | Edited by Vladislav Fomitchev

    You might think that artists create art for a variety of reasons. We find an outlet to communicate our ideas, to express our emotions, to capture a moment in time, to tell a story, or to bring inspiration and joy into people’s lives. Some artists create art to make money, while most artists produce art to express their soul and talent because they feel a pure need to create.

    Learning to express ourselves visually is a need. Without having this deep drive to create the artist may remain just a skilled illustrator or a good craftsman. Many artists experience the urgency to paint especially when they’re deprived of it for quite some time.
    Most artists feel the need to paint because doing art is freeing. It fixes our inner yearning and heals our pain. Artists often paint to fill a void inside them because creatives process emotions visually. To develop a unique visual language, every artist must do a deep dive inside his soul to understand his Why. Why do you create what you create? What does it accomplish? What do you want others to see in your artwork? These are the questions that are always there for the creatives to think about. After all, that’s how the artist discovers his purpose and meaning as well as the meaning behind his own creations. 

    Artists enjoy the process of creation so much that they commit to spending years learning the craft. It’s often not enough to have a 4-year college degree to master the skill and develop a unique vision. But because artists can’t live without art just like you can’t live without your heart, they are driven to produce art.
    Many artists create art in progression of skill and personal growth. Artists keep painting, sculpting, and writing to make this world less dark and more beautiful. As art brings beauty home, artists paint emotions, not subjects or objects. And that’s the reason why you can really fall in love with a piece. You connect to it emotionally.
    Since the 19th century, artists have gained freedom to create personal art that was very different from expected religious scenes, formal portraiture, and mythological illustrations. Stepping away from widely accepted academic painting, many new art styles have emerged since. Art Nouveau, Impressionism, Cubism, abstraction, surrealism, art installation, photography, new media and so many more!


    The freedom of artistic voice is almost always affected by external culture. Why do we look at human history through ancient objects, architecture and painting? Early excavations, Renaissance masters, modern art… Art is never created in a void. Yes, it expresses emotion but it also comments on fashion, culture, events or political divisions in society. Sometimes it becomes a propaganda tool to express the political and economic glory of a nation.

    Art is a visual language that’s often taken for granted because it’s all around us. However, if you remove every picture, poster, cover, book, sculpture, movie, cartoon, song just for one day you’ll experience a profound lack of beauty, thought, and inspiration. Art is a mirror for your soul. It’s a place to see your true self. It’s a depiction of feelings we often hide, suppress, or don’t even think about.


    How long did it take you to paint this?


    All artists get one question they may or may not find exciting. Viewers often try to start a conversation with this question. Artists either try to calculate the hours spent painting the art or get upset by the very nature of this question because the number of hours may not reflect all the unseen work, and sweat spent in the trenches learning the craft.
    Don’t ask the artist how long he painted the art, ask him why he painted it. A lot of creatives need to process this question in their mind and heart themselves! This is the most fascinating part about creation. Artists produce something beautiful out of “nothing.” Understanding that space is peeking into the artist’s heart and mind. When I look at someone’s art, I also see how deep the artist travels inside himself. If there is exploration of feelings, social themes or intelligence. Painting is simply a journey into the artist’s soul. It’s an invitation to look into yourself without saying a word and to make personal discoveries. This in turn enriches our soul giving more meaning to what we do in our work.

    When you see great art in a museum, you want to come back to it to experience it again, to find something exciting in it. The same painting can give you a different meaning, feeling, or story. It can make you look at life a bit differently. It can make you laugh or cry but it can’t leave you indifferent. While the curation of our taste in art comes from our knowledge and understanding of art history, art collecting should be about emotion, aesthetics, and the joy of appreciating beautiful work. By bringing art home you fill the need for beauty and emotion but you also make a difference in an artist’s life. You give the artists more reasons to create art and develop their vision and skill.

    While there’s a lot of speculation at the top tier of the art market, most artists produce art to say something personal as opposed to making a quick buck. While top art collectors purchase art as an investment, most artists feel their art is getting devalued by daily offers of free work for ’’exposure’’ or with why-is-it-so-expensive questions. Even though they need it to continue painting, artists often search for meaning and beauty, not money. The dream of every artist is to keep creating and get paid for all their unseen work that can’t be measured in standard terms… To make a living, yes, but an artist’s real dream is to create art that touches your soul or makes a positive change in your life.

    Nicole Finger

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    Nicole Finger, Off Axis, 24x36 in, oil on canvas, why artists create show
    Nicole Finger, Off Axis, 24×36 in, oil on canvas, why artists create show

    Making art has always been my most natural mode of expression. Creating something with my hands, eyes and mind always could be more highly curated than letting thoughts spill out of my mouth! I create because it has become habitual, meditative and satisfying. Harnessing creativity in both the process and end product is purely selfish; it fulfills a sense of productivity and feels like a daily hit of serotonin!

    Barb Sotiropoulos

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    Barb Sotiropoulos-Midnight Reverie
    Barb Sotiropoulos, Midnight Reverie,12×21 in Colored Pencil, PanPastel and Marker on Hot Press Watercolor Paper

     I have never known a time in my life when I wasn’t creating art in some way. There were seasons when I was able to create more abundantly than others, but I have always been driven to do something creative. In the times that I wasn’t creating as much art something always felt off or unnatural. I believe that artists are creative to their core and that when we aren’t making art our spirits often feel out of alignment. I endeavor to explore the themes and stories that I see in my head through my artwork. Often when these stories and themes find me they will haunt me until I create them. It’s almost as if they need to be born into the world somehow. As artists, I believe we are the conduits to make that happen. I create for myself, my spirit and to hopefully connect with others by experiencing the work I create. 

    Ali Rouse

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    Ali Rouse, beaded scull, why artists create online exhibition
    Ali Rouse, Larsonite Bushbuck. Beads on bone.

    I create as I don’t know how to exist without creating. It is as breathing. Beauty is creation and creations surrounds us everywhere.

    Nancy Jacey

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    Nancy Jacey, Getting Closer, colored pencil
    Nancy Jacey, Getting Closer, colored pencil

    Every day I wake up inspired by the world around us: the colors, details and elements that make up our surroundings. I am fascinated by life’s details, and I like to reflect this in my everyday life and in my career as an artist. I constantly study and photograph the world around us and use these references and experiences in my artwork and in my teaching.

    I like to vividly capture these personal interactions and bring them to life for my audience in large-scale oil, acrylic and colored pencil paintings. I work as a full-time artist, mother, small business owner and private art instructor. 

    Kimberly Raboin

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    Kimberly Raboin, Wings of Renewal, colored pencil
    Kimberly Raboin, Wings of Renewal, colored pencil

    I create art because I want to capture the beauty of the natural world and also communicate inner experiences and emotions. Recently I’ve been practicing realism with colored pencil and my subject matter has been landscapes. In my landscape work I’ve tried to capture the beauty of places I’ve visited, and also the feelings I experienced while there. My hope is that my recent landscapes convey a sense of vastness and serenity.

    My most recent colored pencil drawing ‘Wings of Renewal’ combines my love of landscapes with symbolism. The butterfly in this piece is a symbol of transformation and change. I hope to create more work that combines realism and symbolism.

    Dean Rogers

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    Dean Rogers, Tell me a Story, 20" x 25" drawing
    Dean Rogers, Tell me a Story, 20″ x 25″

    This piece represents the culmination of a lifetime of work. The books in the background are the inspiration for an incredible amount of artwork, as well as the series I’ve been creating for the last 5 years.

    This series, “Fantasy Meets Reality” is about fantasy creatures who have crossed over into our world. I wanted to create a scene involving a fairy, and I couldn’t think of a better modern fairy pastime than reading relatively recent fantasy novels.

    She is using a cell phone like a computer, and she is asking her friends if they would like to go see the movie “Enchanted” which directly inspired me to create this series.

    Denise Howard

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    Denise Howard, Faiths End, 12x16in, colored pencil on paper
    Denise Howard, Faiths End, 12x16in, colored pencil on paper

    I create for many reasons, but perhaps the most important one, and the one behind “Faith’s End,” is that I want people to stop and think, and come away with more than “that’s a pretty picture”.

    Visual art has a power where words sometimes fail. Rather than hit the viewer over the head with an obvious message, which they might reject outright, I want them to use their imagination a bit to figure out what’s going on in the picture, what it means to them, and how it makes them feel. If it resonates with them, so much the better. I’ve spent a lot of years developing my skills, so I’d be lazy if I only used them for easily forgotten “pretty pictures”.

    Kerry Simmons

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    Kerry Simmons, Juli, gouache on panel, 12x16, why artists create show
    Kerry Simmons, Juli, gouache on panel, 12×16

    I find joy and satisfaction in the act of creating. I see every new sheet of paper, or canvas as an opportunity to create something new, bring something into existence that is both my point of view and inspired by the work of other artists and the world around me. When I am painting or drawing I am able to let go of my worries and fears and just be in the moment. I’ve noticed time even operates at a different pace. If I’m thoroughly engrossed in what I am creating, time just whips by. I think for me, being able to create art has been an enormous gift, joy and comfort. One could also say it’s simply a compulsion as I can’t imagine life without it!

    Dorian Vallejo

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    Dorian Vallejo, Sketchbook Drawing
    Dorian Vallejo, Sketchbook Drawing

    This drawing is from a small sketchbook which I used to work from life in the warmer months. Working this way puts me in direct contact with a poetry of life that informs all the work I do. This practice sensitizes me to the beauty nature offers us on a regular basis. Most importantly, it also informs me of how that beauty can be used as a metaphor for the Good.  

    Ranjini Venkatachari

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    Ranjini Venkatachari, When life gives you lemons, colored pencil drawing
    Ranjini Venkatachari, When life gives you lemons, colored pencil drawing

    When I discovered the art of Origami and how I can incorporate it in my Trompe-l’oeil still life, my work took a different trajectory. My usual collectors stopped buying my art because I didn’t make pretty still life’s using flowers or fruits anymore. I was discouraged, disappointed, I stopped drawing for a while too. But then I realized I stopped living as well. I was procrastinating, didn’t want to move out of my comfort zone I realized I stopped growing, that’s when I came across the concept of Dharma & Ikigai.

    Dharma, is an ancient Sanskrit word that roughly translates to a soul’s purpose in life-the big reason why we are here, and it’s not just what we do, but how we do it, and why we do it.  Ikigai is a similar Japanese concept on giving a person purpose life and living. I decided to draw for myself and that completely changed the way I looked at my own work. For me, art is the only reason to get out of my bed each morning and look forward to the rest of my life. I guess that’s how it is for the most of us artists, it’s our primal instinct without which we cannot survive. So I create in order to live my life to the fullest with a purpose. 

    Traci Wright Martin

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    Traci Wright Martin, Now what?Charcoal, pastel, gold leaf and collage on Stonehenge paper, 12x12” why artists create online show
    Traci Wright Martin, Now what? Charcoal, pastel, gold leaf and collage on Stonehenge paper, 12×12”

    In all my years as an artist, I have spent the most time in an evolving exploration of the portrait. I am fascinated by people and their complex individuality. I marvel at the ability to build strong community by way of the smallest thread of commonality. It is my hope that each and every viewer finds a little point of connection or sees themselves somewhere in my work.

    With these ideas in mind, the overall narrative in each series I create weaves in and out of a conversation on perspective and representation. Combined with charcoal drawing as the anchor, I carefully select colorful pastels, patterned papers, and paint techniques to further the themes and create a recognizable, unique identity for my body of work.

    Dr. Carla René

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    Dr. Carla René, Jemi, colored pencil art
    Dr. Carla René, Jemi, colored pencil art

    Long before “realism” was a genre in art, I described my artist self as “an arm with a camera on the end of it”. As a child, I was fascinated that the artist could possess the skill that would mimic the accuracy of a photograph so no one could tell the difference.
    Now as an adult, an astrophysicist, and mathematician, the laws of physics show this mysterious symbiotic relationship is possible, so I strive to prove this on a personal level through every piece I produce. I have also developed an original technique using only standard CPs that emulates watercolors, since my attempt to learn them was disastrous. As my confidence grows, I’m able to explore my love of physics by experimenting with chemically-diverse tools. I AM a woman in STEM, and proud. I want to encourage others to find the joy of science, tech, engineering & math as I did.

    I’d like to thank all the sponsors of this art competition. Please follow the links to discover awesome products they offer for artists to be creative!

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    ART SHOP

    5 ways to check the accuracy of your drawing to create realistic paintings

    If your goal is to create realist drawings and paintings, you must master the accuracy of your outline drawing. Never neglect it and strive to perfect the drawing every single day. If you paint, you rely on your drawing skills even more to create realist art. Whenever something looks off, it means that your drawing is off. There are several easy tools realist artists use to catch their mistakes. I’m going to list the ones I use the most often.

    5 tips to catch your drawing mistakes:

    #1 Turn your canvas, paper or any other surface you’re using upside down.

    how to check drawing accuracy and catch mistakes-veronica winters
    Although this is a finished drawing turned upside down, you need to turn it like so at different stages of your drawing process to catch the anatomical and other mistakes… I keep rotating my paper and canvas often as long as I draw and paint.

    Turn it often. By turning your canvas upside down, your brain sees the mistakes instantly. I often paint upside down too because it lets me focus on shapes and see my subject differently. I keep rotating my drawing/ canvas often checking for anatomy mistakes.

    how to check the accuracy of drawing
    I also like to paint rotating my canvas sideways. This way I place the strokes in the right direction and I check the accuracy of my drawing at the same time.
    Canvas rotation while painting and checking for mistakes in art.

    #2 If you paint digitally, flip your canvas horizontally often.

    The image on the left is the original drawing but if you flip it, you see the same image with some mistakes. The more accurate your drawing gets, the fewer mistakes you’ll notice. If you don’t see any awkward shapes, it means your drawing is close to being perfect!!!

    By flipping the canvas, you see all your awkward shapes. Use “Flip Layer Horizontal” function. Go back and forth working on your drawing in both modes.

    #3 Check the accuracy of your drawing in a mirror.

    Put your mirror in front of you to catch your painting in its reflection. You’ll see the mistakes instantly.

    Look at your drawing in a mirror! This is the most useful tool I use to catch my mistakes. You’ll notice the crookedness of the eyebrows or unevenness of other shapes in your drawing.

    #4 Step back to look at your drawing from the distance.

    art for sale-figurative painting

    You can evaluate the relationships between big elements in your composition standing far away from your canvas, which you don’t see being up close to your painting.

    #5 Take a picture of your art in progress.

    Hold your camera straight and quite far from your drawing to prevent big distortion (yes, almost all cameras distort images, especially the phone cameras). Now look at your picture. At first glance you’ll see a few strange shapes in the photo. They may become less obvious after a while because our brain makes adjustments… I often use my camera at the last stage of my painting process thinking that I’m done and ready to take my final shot but then I notice a few more mistakes I didn’t catch during the painting process.

    This is it! Use a combination of all of these tools to perfect your anatomy drawing or any other kind of drawing.

    Check out my video art courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Art SHOP

    the infinity of human soul-24x36-veronica winters-oil paintings for sale

    Realistic oil painting techniques & image design

    In this video I explain how I design my images using Photoshop Elements. Next, I show how I approach painting my picture in layers. Photoshop Elements doesn’t require a monthly subscription. I bought it for under $100 several years ago and use this program as much as I want to. I usually paint on panels but when I go bigger I switch to painting on canvas because it’s much lighter. I gesso my surface 2-3 times even when the surface has been gessoed before because it gives me a much better grip of the paint to the surface. I let each paint layer dry completely before painting the next and I apply a spray varnish over my painting in 6 months after painting it.

    Art supplies on Amazon:

    Art to Collect: How Two Art Collectors Champion Female Figurative Artists in the Evolving Art Market

    In this podcast episode you’ll meet with a family of two art collectors – Steven Alan Bennett and Dr. Elaine Melotti Schmidt who established The Bennett Collection of Women Realists® in 2009. They focus on collecting art of a specific art style. Their collection consists of figurative realist paintings of women by female artists.

    By amplifying voices of the female artists, the art collectors hope to bring balance to the art world. Steven Bennett and Dr. Schmidt established the Bennett Prize and gifted $12 Million in art and cash to build a new wing at the Muskegon Museum of Art in Michigan dedicated to the female artists. What’s truly admirable about this couple is their will to go against the art market trends. They’re carving out their own path in art collecting that has clear purpose and social impact for generations to come.

    Art to collect: gender equality

    If you think that women artists are equally represented in the contemporary art market, think again. Art history is dominated by male artists with very few female artists presented in the permanent collections of art museums today. (This is in part due to the absence of education for women artists before the 20th century. Women artists of the past were educated by their artist fathers only). In the past decade, only 11% of all work acquired by the US’s top museums was by women according to the New York Times report in 2019. Women artists represent only 2% of the art market & only 13.7% of artists represented by commercial galleries in Europe & North America are women according to Repaint History website.

    “Just 11 percent of all acquisitions and 14 percent of exhibitions at 26 prominent American museums over the past decade were of work by female artists. According to a joint investigation by Artnet News and In Other Words, a total of 260,470 works of art have entered the museums’ permanent collections since 2008. Only 29,247 were by women.” (Museums Claim They’re Paying More Attention to Female Artists. That’s an Illusion. Artnet, September 19, 2019). “Work by female artists born between 1930-1975 accounted for just 5.3% of the $16.7 billion in auction sales in the past five years.” (Young female artists are finally getting some art market traction- but their predecessors remain scandalously undervalued, Katya Kazakina, July5, 2022)

    “Artists of color, female artists and members of the LGBTQ+ community have been historically underrepresented in the traditional art market. A white male artist will sell more works, for higher prices, in more exhibitions than his less-represented colleagues, and he will have less of a challenge obtaining gallery representation. The system is decidedly undemocratic and arbitrary and appears to be run by an elite who are, primarily, white male painters. Just one comparison out of many possible examples demonstrates the problem very well: when Jenny Saville’s Propped sold for $12.4 million in 2018, it became the most expensive piece of art by a living female artist; Jeff Koons’s Rabbit sold for $91 million. So far, so similar, in the NFT space…” (Magnus Resch, “How to create and sell NFTs-a guide for artists,” book published in 2022).

    These stats are improving at the top tear of the art market only in 2022. Artsy has just published what sold at New York’s Spring 2022 Auctions, which includes sales of Anna Weyant (the protégé of Gagosian himself), Maria Berrio, Ewa Juszkiewicz, Flora Yukhnovich and more. (Read more here: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-sold-new-yorks-spring-2022-auctions)

    Begin art collecting today

    I hope this interview encourages you to start your art collection or at least buy a few paintings from contemporary artists you really like. You can start small and on a budget to bring art to your home that inspires you and helps living artists to continue painting. Contact artists directly, visit their studios and be open to learn about contemporary artists and their inspiration. Perhaps, one day you’ll grow your art collection to change the world for the better.

    To learn more about the art collectors, their efforts and the Bennett prize, please visit their official website:https://www.thebennettartcollection.com/

    To listen to the interview, find Hooked on Art podcast wherever you get your podcasts. Leave a review if you enjoy it! It’s much appreciated. 🙂 The Hooked on Art podcast is available on Apple and Spotify.

    7 income streams for artists to make money

    7 income streams for artists to make money

    In this episode I list at least 7 strategies to make money as an artist. They’re not get rich quick schemes. Each strategy is work. However, they’re totally possible to implement to make money as an artist. Artists use several income streams to support themselves. I list every income stream to give you ideas.

    The quality of your art makes no difference in sales: what you must know as an artist selling art

    First, the quality of my advice would make a difference for you depending on your career level as well as your personal experience. I’m going to talk about my experiences being a fine artist for many years.

    • Don’t waste your time procrastinating with perfectionism.
    • We all have the same amount of time.
    • Not taking action or implementing something you’ve learned makes all your acquired information useless. Take action.
    • Stop sponsoring competitions to find your self-worth. Just think who makes more money artists or art magazines or galleries collecting those art contest fees?
    • Look at the quality of your art presentation (frames & images)
    • Pick one platform to drive traffic to you art. Platforms like Ebay, Etsy, Saatchi art, Fine Art America, etc. have customers’ trust, but you must promote your page to give away your profit margin of 20-40%. Customers can buy art from these platforms because they trust the companies. Also these platforms don’t promote you. In fact, only top-notch galleries really promote their artists, growing their careers. If you list your art with a small gallery or on an art aggregate website, don’t expect having lots of sales. Most of them do nothing for your career and promotion, yet you keep doing all the work instead bringing traffic to their site. Think long term and pick one platform to appear in front of your followers and customers by building trust with them.
    • Social media. What value do you bring? It’s about your followers, not you. Be social & helpful whenever time permits.
    • Use affiliate links when it makes sense for your business. Don’t drive your hard-earned traffic away from your site unless you’re well compensated for it.
    • Art collectors? Work on one relationship at a time. Repeat customers buy from you many times over if they like you, your product and your offer.
    • Be aware of people who say they know everything and how to do this or that. What works for one person may not work for a thousand others trying to replicate the success.

    So website is important. Social media presence is important. Professionalism is important. However, I can put all this advice into a trash bin to replace it with a single point I want to make here. Many artists want to ignore it including me. Your ability to approach & connect with people matters the most in building your artistic career. Network as much as you can to create a web of supporters, writers and promoters.

    Art supplies I often use sold on Amazon

    Lightfastness ratings of the best colored pencils

    In this article, you’ll find simple to understand, visual charts of some major brands of professional colored pencils. I use them to reference not only my colors but also my purchase decisions. I buy colored pencils as open stock, which means that most colored pencils are sold individually. This saves me time and money because I don’t buy the fugitive colors, which fade and even disappear off of the paper pretty quickly. I wanted to have a simple, visual database of color charts for a quick access to make a decision on the go, so here we are!

    What can be confusing about reading the lightfastness charts of colored pencils is the star rating itself. There's is no unity in lightfastness presentation. Some brands use a 1-star rating to show that their colored pencils have excellent lightfastness (100+years), while other brands use the same 1-star rating to rate their worst or fugitive colors. So you must pay attention to the lightfastness rating of each brand, to get correct reading of their lightfastness charts.

    Lightfastness is the ability of colors to withstand strong UV light over a prolonged time frame. Usually colors that have excellent rating are not supposed to fade for 100+years. Fugitive colors can fade within very few years that I saw myself happening when I began drawing with Prismacolor. I didn’t care about the lightfastness back then. I was a beginner student and my only priority was to learn how to draw, not being consumed by the analysis paralysis. It matters a lot to me now as I sell my art. Of course, this decision comes at a considerable cost upgrading my art supplies to the best performing colored pencils. So it depends at what point of learning you’re and how big your budget is. Just because you switch to very expensive pencils, it won’t help you become an excellent draftsman overnight. At the same time quality of colored pencils does matter a lot in art creation. Cheap, low-quality colored pencils don’t have the color saturation and softness necessary to create consistent shading.

    https://youtu.be/vu0kycGEWzc

    What makes professional colored pencils different from others?

    • lightfastness
    • lead’s softness
    • color saturation
    • durability (breakage of its core)
    • price

    What are the best colored pencils to try?

    • The absolute best are Swiss made Caran d’Ache Luminance. They have the best lightfastness rating, the strongest core and the softest lead to produce professional colored pencil drawings. They are the most expensive ones too, sold at over $4 per pencil.
    • Holbein Artists’ Colored Pencils is a new brand of upscale colored pencils. They beat Luminance in price and some artists swear by them!
    • Derwent Lightfast are 100% lightfast oil-based colored pencils manufactured in England. They are smooth, vibrant and creamy. Available in a range of 36 colors.
    • Prismacolor Premier colored pencils have a very soft core and nice coverage, but many of them are NOT lightfast. You should download their lightfastness chart to see the rating of every pencil they have. LF-1 and LF-2 are good to go, but avoid using pencils with the # III and # IV ratings. They fade from your page within 2 years. Literally.
    • Swiss made, Pablo colored pencils is a cheaper alternative to the Luminance manufactured by the same company. These have a very strong core that resists breakage. They are saturated and soft but their lightfastness varies. The lightfastness rating is written on them.
    • Coming from Germany, The Faber-Castell Polychromos colored pencils are different from the brands mentioned above, because they don’t have that much wax in them and behave more like soft pastels when you start blending them. Therefore, solvents don’t work on them as well as on wax-based colored pencils. They have a very strong lead with the lightfastness rating written on every pencil. Not every colored pencil is lightfast and you should refer yourself to the chart if you buy them as open stock.
    • Derwent Colorsoft colored pencils are also worth your try. They are nice to work with but the lightfastness varies as well. Buy a few colors to test them in your drawing!

    I requested the charts from the manufacturers. Most of them shared the pdf files, which I think is inconvenient to look up the colors on the go. So I took the liberty to modify the charts and convert them to simple jpg files.

    Holbein Artists’ Colored Pencils (US-Canada)

    Holbein colored pencils lightfastness chart
    Holbein colored pencils lightfastness chart: ***- Max Lightfastness. **-Permanent. * Min Lightfastness

    Faber-Castell Polychromos Artist Color Pencils (Germany)

    102 of 120 Polychromos Colors have the *** designation | *** = Maximum Lightfastness. Maximum Fade Resistance of 100+ years

    faber-castell polychromos lightfastness chart
    Faber-Castell Polychromos lightfastness chart
    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    Faber-Castell Pitt Artist Pens lightfastness chart (Germany)

    faber castell pitt artist pens-faber castell lightfastness chart
    Faber-Castell Pitt artist pens | Faber-castell lightfastness chart

    Prismacolor Premier Colored Pencils (the USA)

    Lightfastness rating system: I-excellent, II-very good, III-good, IV-fair, V-poor

    prismacolor lightfastness chart
    Prismacolor Premier lightfastness chart

    Caran d’Ache Luminance Colored Pencils (Switzerland)

    Luminance has I & II lightfastness rating with most pencils having LF I.

    Luminance colored pencils lightfastness chart
    Luminance colored pencils lightfastness chart

    Caran d’Ache Pablo Colored Pencils (Switzerland)

    ***Excellent lightfastness, **very good, *good.

    caran dache Pablo lightfastness chart of colored pencils
    Caran d’Ache Pablo lightfastness chart of colored pencils

    Derwent Coloursoft Colored Pencils (UK)

    Lightfastness rating: 6-good, 7-very good, 8-excellent | 6-8 won’t fade for 100+ years.

    Derwent Colorsoft lightfastness chart
    Derwent Colorsoft lightfastness chart

    Derwent Lightfast Colored Pencils (UK)

    Lightfastness rating: 1 & 2, won’t fade for up to 100 years.

    Derwent Lightfast lightfastness Colour Chart
    Derwent Lightfast lightfastness Colour Chart

    Derwent Artists Colored Pencils (UK)

    Lightfastness rating: 3-fair, 4-moderate, 5-good, 6-very good, 7-8 excellent

    lightfastness Colour chart of Derwent Artists colored pencils
    lightfastness Colour chart of Derwent Artists colored pencils
    Learn everything you need to know about color mixing and why color perception matters.

    Would you like to know what makes a big difference in your drawing? Yep, you guessed it, it’s the colored pencils you use! Ditch your Crayola and pick one of the brands listed here. You won’t be disappointed. And to make sure of that, here is a short video explaining you the difference between a good pencil and a bad one.

    What are the best professional graphite pencils?

    • Coming from Japan, the Tombow Mono graphite pencils are the top of the line for professional drawing.
    • The Cretacolor Monolith woodless pencils
    • Prismacolor ebony graphite pencils are great for beginners in art that don’t need to sacrifice quality over the money spent on art supplies.
    • The Faber-Castell 9000 graphite pencils

    What makes them stand out:

    • High quality of the lead
    • Resistance to breakage
    • Consistent coverage
    • Various degrees of softness and hardness. (9H is the hardest pencil for the lightest shading, and 9B is the softest pencil for the creation of the darkest values).

    Of course, there are many more brands and pencils. Instead of buying a box, buy them as open stock at a local store or online. Work with them and then invest into your favorite brand.

    flower of life drawing, veronica winters colored pencil
    The flower of life, colored pencil drawing on paper, 18×25″
    I'll be adding charts to this post, so don't forget to subscribe to my email for more information coming on this topic. And check out my colored pencil drawing classes here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Art supplies available on Amazon

    You can ask me questions on social media here:

    Passion

    “A picture is first of all a product of the imagination of the artist. It must never be a copy.”

    Edgar Degas
    fine artists-oil paintings for sale
    Focus, 38inches, oil painting on canvas by Veronica Winters

    Dedicate your time to your passion. People have a lot of potential but they don’t know that because they limit themselves with negative thoughts and pursuits of perfection. Excuses make a lot of people procrastinate to do something positive in their life.

    I often hear, “I like drawing,  but I have no time”. I want to say that we all have 24 hours a day. When you have “no time”, you are fearful of something and find excuses not to do it. Common fear is a fear of failure… The second one is fear of judgement. 

    I often hear,” I want to paint, but I have no talent”. I laugh at this one because if you saw my art two decades ago you’d be laughing too. You become good by failing often and working through those failures instead of giving up. You must love something you are passionate about deeply to go through challenges and arrive at your desired outcome.

    Dedicate your life to your passion and everything will fall into place for you over time because the only thing that we can control is our willpower. Willpower and passion are fuel to create art of heart.

    Check out visionary art for sale

    11 reasons why art matters for your mental health

    Written by Dr. Abhishek Allam, Psychiatrist | Alma Mater: Sri Siddhartha Medical College | Abhisheka@sunshinebh.com

    How Does Creating Art Help Your Mental Health?  

    If you are facing mental health challenges, you may find that creating art can significantly influence your mental state. Sciencetimes.com states that through creative processes, “People grow to manage their emotional well-being and at the same time develop new coping skills.”

    A Wide Variety of Activities:

    The creative arts may include many different activities. A few examples are:

    • Visual Arts
    • Performing Arts
    • Digital Arts
    • Fabric Crafts
    • Wood Craft
    • Pottery
    • Traditional Crafts
    • Creative Writing
    • Instrumental Music
    • Vocal Music
    • Filmmaking
    • Cooking
    • Gardening
    • Decorating

    11 Benefits of Creating More Art

    Let’s consider just a few of the benefits that creating art may accomplish for your mental health:

    #1 Creativity and Problem-Solving

    Artistic expression stimulates the parts of your brain that control cognitive activities. That means that as you are being creative, you are exercising your ability to learn, solve problems, and remember facts. You will naturally make mistakes in your creative work and then look for new ways to fix or edit them. These are all skills you need to deal with mental challenges.

    #2 Stress Reduction

    Creative work can also distract you from depressing thoughts or memories, and it can have a soothing effect on your brain. Sciencetimes.com states that making art lowers your brain’s stress hormone (cortisol).

    #3 Healthy Expression of Emotions

    As you deal with the ups and downs of mental health, your emotions may fluctuate, or you may become stuck in anger or depression. Creative expression gives you a safe outlet for these emotions. As you express yourself, you may find that other people identify with and understand your emotional state. This gives you a sense of community, which is especially helpful if your mental state leads to loneliness.

    #4 A Sense of Accomplishment

    Mental health challenges can seriously lower your sense of self-esteem. Creative activities can boost your confidence in yourself as you are able to see and touch the results of your work. When you are facing a long-term mental journey, you can find a sense of accomplishment by engaging in short artistic projects.

    #5 Mindfulness

    Mindfulness, sometimes described as meditation, is simply being aware of your thoughts and your mental condition without judgment. According to The Washington Post, “Creating art is a type of meditation, an  active training of the mind that increases awareness and emphasizes acceptance of feelings and thoughts without judgment and relaxation of body and mind.”

    #6 Anticipation creates excitement

    If you’re coping with mental health challenges, you may feel that you have nothing to look forward to or anticipate. Adding creative activities to your calendar can make a big difference. The National Library of Medicine has found that anticipating a positive event can be a powerful way to produce a positive emotion. 

    #7 Feelings of Joy

    Creative expression is fun. If you’re bored, anxious, or depressed, you’ll need to plan activities that give you a sense of joy. Creative projects can be a great source of pleasure. Researchers at Greensboro, North Carolina, summed it up this way: “Happiness and creativity go hand in hand,” adding that “everyday creative behavior is both a cause and an effect of positive psychological processes.”

    #8 Stimulate Memories

    A study at Harvard found that drawing and painting can stimulate memories. This can be valuable for those who are struggling with dementia. You may also find that creative endeavors help you release some of the pain of traumatic memories.

    #9 Create Community

    Mental health challenges can cause feelings of loneliness. Getting involved in an artistic activity can bring you into contact with others who share your interests. This can be especially true for seniors who are coping with the limitations that aging can bring. You may also find new connections with people who appreciate your creative expressions.

    #10 You Don’t Have to Be a Professional

    Using artistic activities to cope with mental health challenges doesn’t require a degree or even a huge talent. The process is more important than the product. If you are already a professional artist, you may find it helpful to experiment with a new branch of the arts or a new art medium during this time.

    #11 Art and Recovery

    Creativity can be a recovery tool if your struggle with mental health involves substance abuse, enhancing your recovery treatment. Ask your therapist or behavioral health center about how you might seek artistic opportunities and how they might affect your mental state.

    Sources:

    Apa.org – The latest research on creativity and the arts

    Frontiersin.org – Art Therapy: A Complementary Treatment for Mental Disorders

    Harvard.edu – The Healing Power of Art

    National Library of Medicine – Well-being and Anticipation for Future Positive Events: Evidences from an fMRI Study

    Sciencetimes.com – 5 Ways Art Helps Mental Health

    Sunshine Behavioral Health – Treatment Centers

    The Washington Post – Why making art is the new meditation

    Dr. Abhishek Allam is an active research scholar in
    Clinical Psychiatry at the University of Arizona, Tucson and a writer and editor for Sunshine Behavioral Health.

    Is there freedom in art?

    Freedom to paint

    I don’t paint what I’m told to paint. There’re a couple of reasons that you may or may not understand depending on your art career timeline or a difference in profession.

    Art is about having a total freedom to express yourself. Have you noticed that commissions never look as beautiful, free or accomplished? That’s because of the mental pressure artist feels to create something to please someone. Sometimes it turns into a mental block. Sometimes there is no creativity left in ordered art. Sometimes people who commission art boss the artist. A lot. The result is neither beautiful nor what people wanted…Art is the opposite of repetitive, mechanical work. Art is not a graphic design project.

    Painting what the artist wants, feels, thinks and desires is the most creative, beautiful and emotional work.
    Some paintings may not speak to you, while others may bring you to tears or let you feel inspired. That’s the essence of art. We like different things and that’s okay! 

    My art has changed a lot over the years as I’ve changed a lot inside. Art is a personal experience and self-expression. I do appreciate all of you who have followed and collected my art over the years. It’s important for me to see that my art resonates with you.  I hope you’ll continue following my journey.

    the infinity of human soul-24x36-veronica winters-oil paintings for sale
    The infinity of human soul, oil painting on canvas, 24×36, veronica winters

    If you’re an artist, stand up.

    STAND UP. Stand up for yourself and people you love when you feel the weakest. Stand up  when the world is crashing down in front of your eyes. Stand up when you’re alone. Stand up when you want to give up.
    Stand up to move into the light from darkness. It’s always a CHOICE. Stand up to learn who you’re. Stand up when your family members are not your friends. Show up at your desk, your studio, your office. Have the courage to show up for yourself. Yes, you’ll still face betrayal, pain, disappointment, tough memories but you’re getting stronger to deal with all of that. Stand up to be the light force in the Universe. Stand up.

    Check out visionary art for sale.

    How to use varnishes and fixatives-hooked on art podcast with veronica winters and ed brickler

    How to use varnishes and fixatives with technical consultant Ed S Brickler

    Do you know the difference between fixatives and varnishes?

    I invited Ed S Brickler, Technical Consultant from Chartpak, Inc. to explain the common mistakes artists make varnishing their paintings. Visual artists who do acrylic, watercolor, pastel, oil painting and drawing will learn how to varnish and protect art from UV light and deterioration using proper techniques and materials.

    This episode is available in a video format on my YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/1hRe8VYLres

    If you’re confused about using your materials or don’t know which ones to buy, a good rule of thumb is to contact the manufacturer. There are many brands that produce both fixatives and varnishes – Golden, Winsor & Newton, Grumbacher, Gamblin, etc. Also, many companies keep their own art blogs and educational videos about the use of their art supplies.


    To contact Veronica for podcast sponsorship or content ideas: VeronicasArt.com | YouTube | youtube.com/veronicasart Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/ Veronica Winters Art School: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/ Support artist’s projects: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

    fine artists-oil paintings for sale

    One reason for art collecting nobody is talking about

    Nobody is talking about the fact that most people don’t buy contemporary art. There are too few art collectors and plenty of artists around. Art fairs are very popular but less than 1% of all visitors buys art. Mid. range and small galleries barely break-even selling art for a 50% markup. It angers some artists because half the price goes to the gallery while the artist pays for supplies, frames, studio costs, contest fees, lofty membership dues, ads, shipping costs, education, college loans and so on. But the galleries are also stuck with big overhead costs and promotion expenses. So it’s very clear that only top galleries like the Gagosian & Pace make lots of money selling art, and very few artists are really successful.

    Of course it depends how you define success but by going to major art fairs, reading books and visiting art galleries I see what I see. Nobody is talking about the fact that artists’ careers are catapulted through top curators, gallerists and shows in MOMA. Everyone else is out of the circle and must be very creative to find his/her niche. While it’s totally possible to find the niche and be successful in this space, the winner still takes it all. You can find “9 key insights on the auction market in 2021” to prove my point: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-9-key-insights-auction-market-2021/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=gallery-nurture&utm_campaign=b2b-2022-a4g&utm_sfc=7013b000001RN3VAAW&mkt_tok=NjA5LUZEWS0yMDcAAAGB8iubjIOlRABgCTQrtp2eNagCU-f2yrrUchtIECccP3JLjS3rFkLxV9uNj_VHYy2f_rgpg5z0r186WdxUrf7yjjS_Fp3e_32hoNKIQ3Sf_6mqVLg

    https://veronicasart.com/product/realism-oil-painting-of-blue-vase-and-starfish/

    I think it’s time to stop scrolling Instagram and start collecting art or perhaps scroll it to collect art. 🙂 Even if it’s a very small painting, you make a difference in artist’s life and give a reason for him/her to continue living on a path few people choose to take. Artists need to make money to make more art.

    Artists create because it’s a big part of them. There is no life without art for a creative person. Artists can’t wait for a retirement to be artists! It’s like living without a heart. Can you live without your heart? 💚Art collecting should be about emotion, aesthetics and enjoyment looking at art, and not about speculation or investment. CURATE YOUR TASTE to feel inspired!

    Start shopping

    What is NFT art and how to mint one

    What is NFT art?

    A non-fungible token or NFT is a digital collectible. NFT is a proof of ownership of something in a digital format (similar to a certificate of authenticity for a work of art). Unique NFT is recorded on blockchain as a smart contract, mainly the Ethereum. When it’s put on the blockchain, it’s price history and provenance become authenticated. Unlike in traditional art market, the record is transparent of all transfers, pricing and sales on blockchain. NFT’s could be digital files of original paintings, songs, documents or mainly digital art and animated art. Each non-fungible token is unique. Just like a unique painting can’t be exchanged with its reproductions, the NFTs are also non-fungible. They also give legal rights to the owner of the specific NFT. They are stored in a digital wallet.

    So those who buy a specific NFT become the owners of it until they resell it ( which gets recorded on the blockchain insuring transparency of price and ownership). Once the sale goes through, the artist gets royalties from each new transaction. Main beneficiaries of re-sales are digital and animation artists. Traditional artists can also mint NFT’s of their art. My art as NFTs is available here: https://opensea.io/collection/veronicawinters

    It’s obvious that when NFT art sells for millions it becomes a new form of investment. Just like buying Picasso to hold and resell it at a later date, some buy NFTs for millions. Hence we arrive at crazy pricing for one-f-a-kind digital products.

    2021 is a year of explosive growth

    what is nft
    Cryptokitties NFT art from Genesis digital game, photo by handout

    While NFTs have existed for several years, the 2021 became the year of explosive growth. At the end of 2017, the first NFT – a digital cat from Genesis sold for $117,000. The game allows players to collect and breed unique digital cats on the blockchain (https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3156004/cryptokitties-beeples-crossroads-and-clips-lebron-james-dunking-nfts).

    what is NFT art?
    Beeple, Crossroads, NFT art sold at Christie’s, photo by handout

    In March 2021, The auction house Christie’s sold a digital artwork called “Everydays: The First 5000 Days” by digital artist Beeple. It sold for$69,346,250. NFTs craze spilled over the art events during Art Basel Miami week in 2021.

    According to Art News, the craze started when Christie’s sold a Beeple work worth $69 million. Sotheby’s reported a $100 million in NFT sales, helped by the the launch of its NFT marketplace, Sotheby’s Metaverse. Nearly 80 percent of the people who bought and bid there had never done so before at the house. (Overall, 39 percent of buyers and 44 percent of bidders who transacted at Sotheby’s in 2021 were newcomers.) Art News, https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/sothebys-2021-sales-record-1234613533/

    Other examples of NFTs

    NFTs as sports video clips collectibles:

    A company Dapper Labs works with the NBA to convert top historic moments recorded as digital short videos to the NFTs. They sell those NFTs on the NBA Top Shot marketplace like trading cards.

    NFTs as first document collectible:

    CEO of Twitter, Jack Dorsey sold his first tweet as an NFT for $2.9 million. The computer programmer-Tim Berners-Lee created an NFT of the World Wide Web’s original source code, autographed it, and sold it through Sotheby’s auction house for $5.4 million.

    NFTs as unique collectible characters:

    There are 10k CryptoPunks collectibles created and resold on the Ethereum blockchain. They are 24×24 pixel art images, generated algorithmically. All of them have already been claimed for free and they’re getting sold and resold now. You can view and buy them here: https://www.larvalabs.com/cryptopunks

    Largest sales of Cryptopunks NFTs as of January 2022

    NFTs as art collectibles from oil paintings:

    Serge Marshennikov is a well-known Russian realist artist who creates figurative art, painting seminude figures of young women. His NFT’s can be found here: https://opensea.io/assets/0x495f947276749ce646f68ac8c248420045cb7b5e/2321015729488442568237834758686003406737920752444130988804117818945702985828

    NFTs as photography collectibles:

    Numerous collections of photographs are available for sale as NFTs.

    NFTs as music collectibles:

    You can bid on to buy music and songs that can include a 24 bit Mastered WAV file and full song stems. It could also be a pack of audio-visual NFTs.

    The Metaverse or virtual worlds

    The crazy part about this blockchain technology is that art collectible NFTs is just the beginning. The virtual worlds are emerging. Decentraland is a metaverse where users buy NFTs representing land and property. People use MANA token to buy/ sell goods and services. Inside the Decentraland metaverse you’ll find games, art galleries, and other businesses. https://decentraland.org/

    You can explore digital collections and buy tokens from various games, avatars and so on. Browse examples here:

    https://opensea.io/collection/virtual-worlds

    Famous characters & copyright

    As far as I get this, if we purchase an NFT depicting Captain America, it doesn’t mean that we own the intellectual property of Captain America, just like we don’t own copyright on a purchased print of the hero. We own the print only. The copyright belongs to the original owner of this intellectual property and if he lists it as the NFT, then he would potentially sell his ownership to the buyer of this NFT.

    Who are the buyers of the NFT’s?

    It appears to be the craze among younger generation of investors and enthusiasts, who are very passionate about art collecting in a digital format. There is no moving of actual products, art, framing etc. But there is this innate desire to collect something, and NFT’s seem to fit the bill. Digital art seems to get the best traction in the NFT marketplace.

    astral painting contemporary art veronica winters
    NFT: https://opensea.io/collection/veronicawinters | Midnight Dream, oil painting on canvas, 38 inches square, veronica winters, available

    How to mint the NFT’s

    • You can mint the NFT’s by registering at any big platform such as OpenSea, Foundation. It may cost you a fee to mint the NFT or the cost could be passed on to the buyer. Minting requires energy consumption, which is a big concern for the environmentalists but it doesn’t affect you directly when you register and open your own NFT collection.
    • To create your NFT you must have an Ethereum wallet to connect it to the platform where you’ll host your account with the NFTs. Such wallets are Coinbase, MetaMask, WalletConnect, Dapper and so on. You can find a full list of accepted wallets on a platform you’d like to host your NFTs on. The hardest part is to connect the wallet to the platform. When you connect your digital wallet to OpenSea, you must pay gas fee (account registration fee) to synchronize the digital wallet with the platform (OpenSea). There is no limit on NFTs publishing with no recurring fees for artists.
    • Lastly you click on “create” tab on OpenSea platform, upload the image, write the description and publish it. Don’t forget to click on the “list for sale” button to make it available for purchase on the marketplace. OpenSea pays 5% in royalties when your NFT gets resold.

    How to purchase NFT’s

    • Find a marketplace where NFTs are sold. OpenSea, Rarible (Rari token), Nifty Gateway (centralized platform where you can buy NFTs with your dollars)
    • Connect the digital wallet that stores your passwords to bought NFTs. (Coinbase)
    • Click on Marketplace to find your favorite NFT. You can “buy now” or “make an offer”. Once the offer is accepted or you buy it straight, you’ll see your purchase record under “collectibles” tab in coinbase wallet. You can also find your purchases on ‘my profile’ tab on OpenSea.

    Beware of buying digital collectibles that have crazy number of editions. Just like prints, if it’s an edition of 10, 100 and 1000, its ok but if it’s an edition of 200,000, maybe it’s a good idea to pass. Also, check if the NFTs are sold by the artist and not someone else, posing as one.

    Check out my collection. My art as NFTs is available here: https://opensea.io/collection/veronicawinters

    Is it a bubble?

    NFTs are not a fad. It’s a new asset class on the market. It’s great technology that utilizes blockchain tech. However, pricing bids on some NFTs confirm to the last stage of euphoric bull market, in my opinion. When euphoria kicks in, it ingulfs not only the stock market but also other markets. Even Melania Trump launched her own NFT platform. https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/melania-trump-nft-platform-1234613890/ I think that the pricing bubble on some multi-million NFTs will burst someday and it maybe sooner than we think.

    https://veronicasart.com/product-category/psychedelic-art-mandala-art/
    spiritual art veronica winters
    Show me the attitude! Interview with Tanja Gant, colored pencil artist

    Tanja Gant: show me the attitude! Interview with realist colored pencil artist

    Colored pencil drawing by Tanja Gant

    I’ve been following Tanja Gant’s art for many years. She is one of the top hyperrealist colored pencil artists working today. Every time I open social media I see yet another major award taken by the artist. I think Tanja collects them all like candy on Halloween. But in all seriousness, Tanja’s drawings mesmerize me with their unique point of view, perfection of forms and beauty I see in people she draws so perfectly.

    In the first part of our conversation, the artist discusses the colored pencil techniques and art supplies. The second part of the interview is all about Tanja’s motivation, inspiration and story-telling. She also shares how she lived in and left Bosnia for the US. Enjoy!

    Video podcast talkin points:

    • Colored pencils brands, paper, blending and burnishing: 1min-10min
    • Drawing transfer: 10:30
    • Models, set up, ideas and more: 15:58-24
    • Challenges: 24-27
    • Bosnia, education & advice: 27:45-42
    • Drawing in black-and-white: 42
    • Inspiration: 45
    • Motivation & advice: 55

    Website: https://www.tanjagant.com/

    This podcast is available in a video format on YouTube: https://youtu.be/oip99fEIljA

    Don’t forget to subscribe to this podcast and share it with your friends! 🙂 Hooked on Art podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/601b3tkDmePVnsFPCRrDTm

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Highlights from CONTEXT ART MIAMI 2021

    Miami swells with art and artsy crowds during the first week of December every year ( with no fairs in 2020). There are several top art fairs happening in the city that bring the art lovers and professionals from all over the world. Art Fairs include the Art Basel, Scope, Miami red dot/ Spectrum, Context art Miami and some more! In addition, some hotels organize art events during this time too to draw people in. The fairs are spread out in the Miami Beach but the locations stay the same year after year.

    coderch and malavia-sculpture-context art miami 2021
    Coderch and Malavia, sculpture at the Miami art fair in 2021

    Miami Art Context 2021

    I visited Context Art Miami during the opening hours in early December thanks to my friend Florencia. It felt like a big celebration of the arts. There were so many visitors, artists, gallerists, curators, art collectors, museum professionals and yes, celebrities visiting the fair, it almost felt crazy to experience so much energy in one place. While not every art piece was great, I loved to look at variety of contemporary art, pushing the boundaries of what art could be. I enjoyed seeing boldness and innovation, creativity, the use of textures and materials, and 3D-art.

    😃 As long as artists create on this planet, we won’t be consumed by the existing darkness on Earth.💕

    This is a short video shot with my phone where I tried to capture realist art as well as some innovative pieces. Some of the artists shown are: Carole Feuerman (hyperrealist sculptures), Anthony James (light sculptures), Coderch & Malavia sculptures, David Uessem, Damien Hirst, Marco Grassi and so on.

    As far as I know the rules of participation for the galleries have been relaxed somewhat, which used to include the following: The gallery must have a physical location. It must be in business for over 3 years. And it must pay a hefty fee. Depending on the size of the booth, the cost of gallery participation amounts to $20,000-50,000 (Context Miami. I’m pretty sure that Art Basel is even more expensive to participate in). This doesn’t include, airfare, hotel, meals and staff salary. So you can imagine that the art shown at Art Basel reflects this pricing and not every gallery sells out… Galleries are on the hunt for top collectors, institutions and celebrities buying art from them. While there were fewer visitors than in the previous year, sales were robust according to Artsy.

    Spectrum Miami review

    Finally I want to mention another popular art fair- SPECTRUM Miami located in Wynwood. I mainly want to record my opinion here, so if you plan to exhibit at this fair, it might not be what you think it is, or perhaps it’s a lot more than you thought of it in the first place. I’m going to compare it to Context Miami fair. So Spectrum is all about emerging artists taking charge of their careers and exhibiting there, not the galleries working on their behalf. The space and lighting isn’t top notch. The crowd coming to the show is very different. Young, excited to go out and celebrate. My question was if there were any art collectors there at all. My guess, there were few. Of course, the cost of renting a booth is much cheaper just as the price of an entry ticket in comparison to the Context. Finally the quality of art is very different from the Context, showing young artists with most being Florida-based…Perhaps there is a lot more to the Spectrum but these are valid points to consider either visiting or exhibiting in this art fair.

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Jesse Lane interview Hooked on Art podcast

    Jesse Lane, realist colored pencil artist

    My guest is super talented, realist colored pencil artist Jesse Lane. His large, realist colored pencil drawings demonstrate thorough understanding of colored pencil techniques, creativity and vision. He is the recipient of many prestigious awards including The Best of Show in 2020 by the Colored Pencil Society in America.

    Jesse shares his thoughts on motivation, artistic challenges, emotions, creativity and much more! Personally, Jesse strikes me as a genuine human with positive, outgoing personality that helps him fulfill his destiny and share his art with the world.

    Recorded in a video format first: https://youtu.be/1i0nFiS59bQ

    Website: https://www.jesselaneart.com/

    jesse lane art
    Jesse Lane, Undercurrents, 26×39″ colored pencil

    Veronica can be found at veronicasart.com

    art podcast interview with Alayne Sahar

    Alayne Sahar interview

    My guest is an American watercolorist- Alayne Sahar. She creates watercolor paintings aiming to uplift other women. In her art, Sahar wants to celebrate our inner strength, belief in ourselves and our divine nature. In this interview Alayne shares her life-long journey of studies, day jobs, frustrations and wins becoming one of imaginative figurative artists working today.

    First recorded as a video podcast available on YouTube: https://youtu.be/UcawdwMw_To

    Contact the artist:

    Web: http://www.alaynesahar.art/ | Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/alaynesahar/

    Support the podcast: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN | Veronica Winters, M.F.A. https://VeronicasArt.com | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/

    Podcast interview with Michael Hlousek-Nagle

    Michael Hlousek-Nagle Interview: how painting becomes solace in solitude

    In this episode you meet with a beautiful soul and amazing realist artist – Michael Hlousek-Nagle. Inspired by nature, classical music, Roman civilization, Egyptian art and archeology, the artist depicts personal space of solitude, quietness, introversion and hope. His canvases are female portraits set against dark, mysterious landscapes. Moody, solitary figures are caught up in self-reflection, yet embody strength and intelligence. Beautiful and often sensual women live in a quiet, dark space. Michael’s realist paintings exhibit masterful color harmony and visual balance. The artist lives with his wife and two children in England.

    interview with Michael Hlousek-Nagle
    Michael Hlousek-Nagle, Sibylla, charcoal and chalk on paper, 29x42cm

    We chatted late in the evening in the beginning of November 2021 with a 4-hour time difference between Florida and England. The connection was really bad and parts of the recording were lost in space for good. However, salvaged parts of the interview were beautiful. Michael is a very kind human being who opens his heart up talking about the oil painting technique, his world view and how his creativity flows to produce art.

    “Since mankind began making marks we have used art to tell the story of what and who we are, and of the world in which we find ourselves, and however fragmented and distorted our world may now be, however many innovations and techniques painters have at their disposal, it is still essential that artists use their work to allow us to see ourselves, to tell the story of us, and not merely the story of art.”

    Michael Hlousek-Nagle
    Michael Hlousek-Nagle podcast interview
    Michael Hlousek-Nagle, And I Alone was Saved, 60 x 76cm

    Born in Cambridge in 1971, Michael Hlousek-Nagle grew up in a small farming village in the English countryside near Oxford, and spent most of his childhood exploring the fields and forests. His early interests did not include drawing or painting, instead he wanted to pursue a career as an archaeologist and was drawn especially to ancient Egyptian history. His first foray into art was an attempt to turn his bedroom into an Egyptian temple by decorating it with life-size figures of Osiris, Isis, and Anubis.

    The artist studied and graduated with a BA in Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Leeds, but did not know what he wanted to do with that qualification, and after drifting aimlessly for a while he was forcibly pushed into studying Art by a friend who apparently knew him better than he knew himself. He received a William and Mary Armour Award studying for his BA degree at the Glasgow School of Art in Scotland, and won a scholarship to study at the New York Academy of Art for his Master’s degree in 2002.

    His work has its roots in the techniques and strategies of the western figurative tradition, drawing inspiration from the paintings of Balthus, Goya, Paula Rego, and Zurbaran, among others, and contemporary artists – Amaya Gurpide, Jordan Sokol, and Rasha Alem.

    In 2004 Michael was a set-designer for a new ballet, Shambards, by New York City Ballet’s choreographer-in-residence Christopher Wheeldon, which premiered at the Lincoln Center in New York on May 4th 2004, and has also been performed at the Saratoga Festival. In 2005 Michael produced a set-design for a new ballet to be performed by the Royal Ballet, Covent Garden, London. Since 1998 he has received many commissions from private collectors, and his work is currently in private collections in New York, Seattle, Geneva, Paris, Vienna, London, Edinburgh and Glasgow, as well as the permanent collection of Glasgow School of Art. Between 1998 and 1992 Michael was commissioned to produce cover artwork and photography for a series of 7 CD releases of the music of internationally-acclaimed composer James MacMillan. One of Michael’s paintings has been used as the cover artwork for an Italian edition of the international bestseller “While My Eyes Were Closed” by Linda Green. The artist exhibited art at Galerie Kohler in Geneva, Blackheath Gallery, Three Colts Gallery, and Medici Gallery in London and in a number of galleries in Glasgow. The artist is represented by 33 Contemporary art gallery in Chicago.

    Contact the artist: https://www.instagram.com/michaelhlouseknagle/


    Reach out with questions or topic ideas @ Veronicasart.com . Follow: Instagram: @veronicawintersart | Hooked on Art podcast is one of the Top 10 Art Collecting Podcasts on the web rated by Feedspot in October, 2021.

    how to make money as artist, hooked on art podcast

    How to make money as an artist: interview with John Middick

    Why artists don’t make money and how you can: strategies for artists

    In this episode, I interview a colored pencil artist- John Middick. He is the creator of Sharpened Artist podcast and Sharpened Artist Academy. We discuss why artists don’t make any money and how to turn that around with teaching. We talk about some strategies to create various income streams outside gallery system. We discuss how to listen to yourself to find and use your natural gifts. In this episode you’ll also hear us talk about art contests, mentorship, colored pencil brands, papers and so much more 🙂 Join the conversation by sharing this episode with your friends and subscribing to the podcast.

    Find John Middick here: https://sharpenedartist.com/

    This interview is also available in a video format on YouTube: https://youtu.be/WqBhz9xReo0

    Find Veronica here: https://veronicasart.com/

    How to commission art as thoughtful art collector

    If you have a specific idea or want to commission a portrait painting you need to learn how to approach the artist you like. So how do you approach the artist to create a beautiful artwork for you? In this episode I’d like to discuss what the artist needs from you in order to fulfill your commission. It’s a wonderful experience to own original art at home or office. Art collecting is a great way to show who you are, create unique space and support contemporary artists!

    Reach out with questions or topic ideas at Veronicasart.com . Follow on Instagram @veronicawintersart

    Hooked on Art podcast is one of the Top 10 Art Collecting Podcasts on the web rated by Feedspot: https://blog.feedspot.com/art_collecting_podcasts/

    How to commission art as art collector: 8 things to know what artist needs to make a great, commissioned painting

    If you’ve decided on a specific idea or want to commission a portrait painting you need to learn how to approach the artist you like. So what’s the right way of communicating your idea and understanding what the artist needs to produce a custom art piece? In this article I’d like to discuss what the artist needs from you in order to fulfill your commission.

    Damien Hirst: genius or imposter? Solo show at villa Borghese in Rome

    Damien Hirst show at villa Borghese in Rome

    I revisited the Borghese gallery in Rome in September 2021 and saw the Damien’s solo exhibition titled “Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable.” It’s a collection of sculptural works from a fictional shipwreck off the coast of East Africa. Walking around the gallery I couldn’t but notice a thoughtful placement of the artist’s pieces in the rooms. Most fit organically into the gallery space that goes overboard with art by design. The powerful Borghese family members were avid art collectors and patrons of the arts. That’s why their exuberant art collection boasts so many masterpieces by the 16th and 17th-century artists like Caravaggio, Bernini and Canova.

    Borghese gallery, Damien Hirst, the Minotaur sculpture, Archaeology Now
    Borghese gallery 2021, Damien Hirst, the Grecian Nude (left) and the Minotaur (right), black granite, sculpture.

    Born in 1965, Damien Hirst is a British contemporary artist who explores the theme of life and death. Because he sees no separation between life and art, this theme becomes his art, which is an amalgam of painting, sculpture and installation. The theme of death is one of the central themes in the Western art world but every artist is able to take it into a different direction…

    Damien Hirst Lion Women of Asit Mayor- bronze-2012-borghese gallery-winters blog
    Damien Hirst Lion, Women of Asit Mayor, bronze, 2012 at villa Borghese 2021, pictures taken by Veronica Winters

    First shown in Venice in 2017, “Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable” is a show with some merit. Sculptural works utilize traditional and precious materials, such as marble, alabaster, lapis lazuli, coral, crystals, malachite and bronze. Some sculptures breathed with beauty and classicism long forgotten by the contemporary art galleries. It was fun to spot contemporary art by Hirst standing right next to the antiques of the Borghese gallery permanent collection. Some sculptures did give a feeling of rescued objects from the ocean floor as colorful barnacles and sea creatures covered the surface of many sculptures. Some body limbs were missing or got obscured by the sea overgrowth.

    damien hirst_unknown pharaoh-borghese g-veronica winters blog
    Damien Hirst, Unknown Pharaoh at villa Borghese. This is one of my favorite pieces seen at the gallery. There is a beautiful balance between materials, color and the form. This sculpture gives a feeling of a real piece saved from a shipwreck.

    While most of it fit well within the space, the sculptures were strikingly different in the level of execution. It prompted a question who really made these artworks and how much of it was Hirst’s skill and vision. Some were very classical in nature, while others looked like the leftovers from modernism. Some sculptures were beautiful and engaging, while others looked strange and too primitive to be called ‘art’ especially in comparison to the art collection of the Borghese family.

    borghese gallery-sculpture of hirst
    Bronze sculpture of Hirst at the villa Borghese in 2021, This sculpture looks grotesque lacking ethereal beauty of classical art.

    How original is Damien Hirst?

    Hirst is the all-over-the-place artist, in my opinion. He produced a variety of art that would be frowned upon in any graduate school where consistency of theme, size, and approach is encouraged and basically required to graduate. And this is where the rules get broken… The artist rose to fame with a number of controversial art pieces. The notorious diamond scull, beautiful entomology paintings, sharks in formaldehyde, pill cabinets, dot paintings, neoclassical sculptures, installations and so much more – everything made by Hirst or it may be not.

    I think it’s ok to evolve and transition into new art forms or body of works over the years as we-artists experience change and so art changes with us. However, Hirst seems to drift from one idea to the next that doesn’t have a clear connection to his previous work in either technique or vision. Usually we can see one work by the artist and recognize the “style” in subsequent works even if it’s quite different. Hirst puzzled me in this regard because his series of paintings or sculptures had no connection to each other.

    Art by Damien Hirst

    Art Workshop

    The exhibit made me think of a Renaissance workshop. Workshops used to be the only way of learning and training young artists in the Renaissance Italy. That’s how da Vinci painted his first angel in the Verrocchio’s painting (The Baptism of Christ, 1475, Uffizi gallery, Florence). Vision and ideas were of the master artists who painted major figures and finished paintings. Master artists worked on image designs, composition, color and so on while art students mixed paints, helped with image transferal and some underpainting. Based on presented sculptures I saw at the villa Borghese, the Damien Hirst workshop functions quite differently. The apprentices seem to be the creators.

    damien hirst_Pair of Slaves Bound for Execution-painted bronze sculpture-borghese g
    Damien Hirst, Pair of Slaves Bound for Execution, painted bronze sculpture at the villa Borghese

    His workshop may produce all the art with some apprentices (artists) being very skillful at their task. That explains great inconsistency and variety of produced art by Damien Hirst. Painted bronze sculpture “Pair of Slaves Bound for Execution” was the most exceptional, contemporary art piece I’ve seen in a long time, showing balance, grace, and the perfection of anatomy – central to classical art. “Unknown Pharaoh” is one of my favorite pieces. There is a beautiful balance between materials, color and form. This sculpture gives a feeling of a real piece saved from a shipwreck. While another sculpture with a giant foot, squirrel and ear looks immature. The standing bronze figure of Hirst appears grotesque to me as well.

    Damien Hirst-Archaeology Now at the Galleria Borghese-installation view
    Damien Hirst, Archaeology Now at the Galleria Borghese-installation view (giant foot with a squirrel)


    Are workshop artists mere laborers or the creators on their own right? Based on the produced and shown art at the villa Borghese, Hirst created a factory of talented artists who do all the work but marketing. And in this case it looks like marketing is everything really. Remove the name from any of these works and they won’t be fetching top dollar for art.

    Now, many famous contemporary artists keep workshops. We can explore the workshops of contemporary realist artist Kehinde Wiley or the glass blower Chihuly. You can find their art pieces in many permanent, museum art collections, private art collections, hotel lobbies and so on. The key difference is that these artists are true to their unique vision and every piece feels like a continuation of the artist’s previous work. Apprentices in their workshops are the helpers, not sole creators of art. That’s my opinion of course, you may not agree with.

    Damien Hirst, sculpture of a shell displayed at the villa Borghese in 2021

    There is no doubt that Damien Hirst is a very smart artist. He is also a great publicity guru. He created and marketed himself as a top luxury brand for the wealthy to invest in. There is a lot to either admire or learn from this living artist. What do you think of his art? Share.

    Damien Hirst, Hydra and Kali, outdoor sculpture, Borghese gallery-veronica winters blog
    Damien Hirst, Hydra and Kali, sculpture displayed outdoors at the Borghese gallery
    damien hirst_neptune-borghese g-veronica winters blog
    Damien Hirst, Neptune, 2011 at villa Borghese

    Learn more: https://damienhirst.com/

    This blog is created for educational purposes with the art credited to the sited artists. All pictures are taken by Veronica Winters. The article expresses personal opinion only.

    Damien Hirst sculptures at villa Borghese
    Damien Hirst sculptures at the villa Borghese in Rome in 2021

    Check out visionary art for sale

    The difference between art college and atelier art education and what you need to know to succeed as an artist


    How to become a successful artist: pros and cons studying art in college and atelier

    In this article I’d like to talk about the difference between college and atelier education for visual artists. I also want to explain what parents should consider doing when a child decides to pursue art as a career.

    art for sale-veronica winters painting


    College Education

    Advantages:

    • You may learn to defend your work and to make it more consistent. Professors like to do critiques about concepts and ideas, not the technique of painting. Some foundational courses may be really good if art instructors show skill in their art. There are more foundational courses available when you study for your BFA, but if you continue studying for your MFA degree you take advanced classes with freedom to do what you want and very little technical instruction. If you study for the BFA you take classes and graduate. If you study for your Master’s degree you learn to present and defend your work in front of a committee. Ideally, you develop a consistent body of work that shows others your artistic personality.
    • Diploma gives you a pass to teach art at the college level with a completion of your Master’s degree, not a Bachelor’s one. BA in Graphic design is a very good choice money-wise. However, if you’d like to be a fine artist and be able to teach at a college level, you must get your MFA. (There are circumstances when artists with the BFA degree get teaching jobs in colleges because of their value to the department). Even if you get your MFA degree, getting a teaching job in college is not guaranteed because there are few job openings available. Also, intro salary will be quite low although you’ll get stability and insurance as an artist.
    • College offers really good art history classes. In-depth art history classes cover many epochs, countries and movements especially when you study for your Master’s degree. Art instructors could go deep explaining art from various points of view including politics, economy and history.
    • College education can be great if you come across knowledgeable and supportive art instructors who can help you with the development of your unique ideas, painting skills, and business strategies. If you’re able to develop this special relationship that I call a mentorship with a professional artist, then a college degree will pay for itself tenfold. In addition, seeking assignment assistance can be particularly useful when navigating challenging course loads, helping you manage your academic responsibilities effectively. You must be proactive and interested in your career as an artist to connect with your mentor.

    Disadvantages:

    • College education gives little technical skills, especially if you want to study realist painting techniques. Some colleges may offer good foundational drawing classes but oil painting is not taught well in general. In my personal experience I went through several colleges where professors didn’t know how to teach traditional painting techniques, which was incredibly frustrating.
    • What you learn in terms of technical art skill depends on your professor’s art portfolio. Look at his/her work to determine if his art is something you’d like to learn.
    • Art education in college doesn’t include art marketing or business classes, which is not good no matter how you look at it. Colleges give zero business skills or understanding how to get into galleries or how to write and talk about your art confidently. Personally, I couldn’t even put an effective resume after graduation and went to a college art association conference to do it over 20 years ago.

    Tip: So when you pick your college to study art, also consider location, professors’ associations with galleries and their artistic level. When I went to college over twenty years ago, I assumed that I’d get good technical instruction with art history, art marketing and creative development as well. It wasn’t what I expected. If I go to study art in college today, I’ll look at art portfolios of professors to see if their work inspires me to create or I can learn from them. I’ll pick an artistically rich community like New York, LA, maybe Denver or Santa Fe. This will give me proximity to go to receptions, make contacts with curators, gallery people, and learn from professional artists the ins and outs of art business.

    head study from Indian Girl by Palmer_veronica winters artist
    Head study drawing from Indian Girl sculpture by Palmer, Veronica Winters


    Selling art is a lot more than just being a good painter. It’s all about networking and communicating your story well.

    Atelier art education


    What is it? Atelier is a workshop or studio of an artist. Atelier art education or academic art education means studying art with a few master artists in a tight circle of students. It’s the most direct way of learning the craft of painting, drawing, sculpture, glass-blowing, etc.

    Aphrodite plaster cast


    Advantages:

    • Such schools teach a very structured approach to classical drawing and painting that you must follow to learn realist painting, drawing, sculpture, etc. After a-4 year program you have a very clear understanding how to draw and paint realistically.
    • Learning the anatomy by drawing and painting from life informs your painting accuracy. It’s your critical foundation to become a realist artist.
    • Art instructors have strong technical skills and most of them are very good, even exceptional realist artists known today.
    • When you’re in class you start by drawing from plaster casts. Then you draw and paint objects, which is called still life painting. After that you spend a lot of time mastering human anatomy painting and drawing nude figure from life. You get daily drawing and painting instruction looking at a nude figure and studying proportions, anatomy, composition and so on. You also go out to do plain air sketches/ landscape painting outdoors.
    • Ateliers are often located in artistic communities where you can build relationships with other artists..

    Disadvantages:

    • No art history classes or any other ‘general education’ classes. The focus is classical painting and drawing only.
    • May not offer a diploma qualifying you to teach in college.
    • Give no business education either but working artists many become invaluable to understand their daily practice and how they approach art marketing and networking. Mentorship is crucial to your success.
    • Some people complain that when they see works of students coming out of the ateliers, they all look the same. I think this is totally normal because this type of education is about getting your skill going first. It takes a lot more time and practice to develop artistically. The atelier school takes care of the technique and the artist takes that knowledge and applies it to his vision. If you study art in college, you’re almost guaranteed not to acquire the skill and it really depends on college to see the development of vision in students.

    oil painting techniques color mixing


    Great atelier schools are:

    • Nelson Shanks’ school in Philadelphia called Studio Incamminati ( web: https://www.studioincamminati.org/ ),
    • The Grand Central academy of art in New York with Jacob Collins the founder of the school and realist movement here in the US (web: https://grandcentralatelier.org/ ),
    • The Art students League of New York (web: https://theartstudentsleague.org/ ),
    • Anthony Ryder’s school in Santa Fe (web: http://www.theryderstudio.com/ ).
    • You can also get similar education studying with artists in their studios such as at Adrian Gottlieb’s studio in California. A number of prominent realist artists who studied under Jacob Collins include Michael Grimaldi, Colleen Barry, Ed Minoff, Joshua LaRock . They all teach academic painting at their studios.

    Tip: Decide what your goal is and pick the school in accordance with your goal. Do you want to know how to paint realistically or you’re more interested in art theory and teaching opportunities at college level? Or say if you want to work at an art auction house like Christie’s and Sotheby’s, I think it’s a good idea to research their education system that prepares you to work at these institutions. In other words, your goal must be specific to determine the educational venue. I also want to say that college-level art education is not enough to become an artist with unique voice. It takes a lot more time to nurture and develop this voice visually through art. That’s why any kind of school is just a school to get the basics going and build connections but becoming the artist with your unique vision takes a lot more time, work and passion.
    Your personality and willingness to work through challenges will determine your creative and business success.

    Sir Joshua Reynolds The Ladies Waldegrave 1780_detail_scottish national gallery
    Sir Joshua Reynolds The Ladies Waldegrave, 1780, closeup, Scottish national gallery

    For parents:


    As parents, we want our children to receive prestigious degrees from established universities. We may think that studying art in prestigious university will help the child succeed. It may, in terms of networking building relationships in the right circles but few college art departments in the US give artists structured education in realist painting and drawing (if that’s the goal). Some classes and instructors could be great but the approach to teaching art in college resembles the art education in high school. There is some ‘do what you like’ attitude and studio classes could be a hit or miss. It really depends who the professor is.


    If your son or daughter wants to become an artist showing talent and desire to learn, you shouldn’t stop him or her from doing this. Instead, help your child with your positive and meaningful support. Artists become successful when they go to the right school, receive great art education, and have positive mindset and a mentor.


    Don’t let your negative thinking with a ‘starving artist’ mentality interfere with your child’s desire to become one. If you don’t believe in your child, he or she will internalize it studying in college for any other profession, arriving at a job he hates having low-self-esteem. There are a number of accomplished artists out there who are making a living with their art. It’s a disservice to derail a teenager from art to go and get a different degree. What happens is that precious time is lost, mistakes are made and the adult feels unhappy and unfulfilled. Teach your child to communicate well with people and to get out and learn art with passion. If a person is gifted, he has a passion and will succeed. Give her the tools to do that, not the limiting beliefs about artists or even yourself.


    Usually artists have a second gift or personality trait that often becomes a money-making opportunity to rely on while making artistic strides. For example, I’m a gifted teacher and I’ve been teaching art in organizations, my studio and online for many years. I know many artists who are super entrepreneurial and this is a great combination to explore so many possibilities being an artist and a businessman. I also know artists who love to work at the museums because they enjoy administrative work. Most importantly, if the goal is to become a really good artist knowing how to paint, academic education is a lot more fulfilling than going to college wasting precious resources such as time, money and opportunities. If you pursue atelier art education full time, you’re on your way to have a real career as an artist you want to be.
    Finally if you follow certain artists and you love their work, figure out where they studied art. Listen to their interviews on podcasts. Ask them about their experience directly. This will help you decide if college or academic art education is right for you.


    If you find this information helpful, share it with those people who really need to understand their options studying art today.

    Check out visionary art for sale

    veronica winters with art
    Overcoming limiting beliefs with Kat Popova & Veronica Winters

    How to overcome limiting beliefs for artists with Kat Popova & Veronica Winters

    Katerina Popova is not only an artist but also a creative entrepreneur. She is the founder of Create Magazine, the Create podcast and the coaching program for artists titled the Art Queens. She is also a co-author of “the complete smartist guide” book for artists who want to level up their marketing skills.
    We sit down to talk about various limiting beliefs that affect the artist’s mindset. Kat shares lots of practical advice how to deal with negative self-talk, what affirmations you can create for yourself, how to find your community on Instagram and much more! Kat shares what it feels like to be an immigrant and how it plays into her vision and dreams.

    This episode is also available as a video on YouTube: https://youtu.be/gk7KMesoX9I
    Contact the artist:
    https://www.instagram.com/katerinaspopova/

    Contact the host:

    Support the channel/donate: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

    Veronica Winters, M.F.A. | https://VeronicasArt.com | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/

    veronica winters colored pencil

    How to overcome negative thinking and liming beliefs for artists

    Each of us sees the world through unique lens and that’s why we all have varied perception of reality. Limiting beliefs and negative thinking are based on our past experiences, social conditioning, family habits or painful memories that override positive experiences. Usually limiting beliefs run inside us when we interact with others. Limiting beliefs can be very loud in our head altering the conversation, emotions and choices we make. In this podcast episode I share how I deal with negative self-talk.

    Support the channel/donate: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

    Veronica Winters, M.F.A. | https://VeronicasArt.com | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/

    Karen Hull artist interview podcast

    Karen Hull: art interview with colored pencil artist & reiki master

    My guest today is a colored pencil artist & reiki master Karen Hull. You might have seen her amazing art on Facebook before. I set down with the artist to have a conversation about her career discussing colored pencil art, inspiration, art marketing and much more. Karen shares not only her art tips but also talks about meaning behind her creative journey and how her desire to help people made her pivot to studying and working as a reiki master!

    First appeared as a video podcast on Youtube: https://youtu.be/irK-fysrWMo

    Karen Hull artist interview podcast
    Karen Hull, colored pencil & scratchboard demonstration

    Follow the artist:

    https://www.karenhullart.com/

    Portrait drawing class on Craftsy: https://www.craftsy.com/class/step-by-step-photorealistic-colored-pencil-portraits/#

    Support the channel/donate: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

    Veronica Winters, M.F.A. | https://VeronicasArt.com | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/

    Free your mind to create art to your fullest potential: interview with hypnotherapist James Browning

    Free your mind to create art to your fullest potential: interview with hypnotherapist James Browning

    Hypnotherapy is not about losing your mind, allowing a hypnotherapist to take full control of it. It’s about allowing yourself to overcome the past, your pain, and insecurities. Its about giving yourself a chance to create positive space inside your mind and heart to feel secure, creative, productive, and to live your life to your fullest potential. Hypnotherapy would help you free your mind and let go of things that hold you back, if you’re determined and persistent in changing your life for the better.

    James Browning, CCHt received his formal education at the Hypnotherapy Training Institute in Corte Madera, CA, the oldest hypnosis school in the U.S. Mr. Browning holds certifications of Master Hypnotist, Hypnotherapist, Regression Specialist, and Clinical Hypnotherapist. By going to the site, you can listen to a number of free hypnosis audio lessons to reduce anxiety, stress, worry, and pain.

    Listen to self-hypnosis for improved creativity audio, improved self-image audio, relaxation audio, anxiety reduction & sleep induction: https://browninghypnotherapy.com/free-audio/

    First published as a video podcast on YouTube: https://youtu.be/DgtC2K5rQhM


    Support the channel/donate: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

    Veronica Winters, M.F.A. | https://VeronicasArt.com Subscribe | http://eepurl.com/hwM3l1 💌 https://www.facebook.com/veronicawintersartist/ https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/

    Amanda Greive interview

    Amanda Greive: oil painter who speaks of equal rights

    Amanda Greive is a figurative realist artist who paints women to bring attention to challenges many women face, splitting life between family and work. By looking at Amanda’s beautiful, realist oil paintings we can get a much deeper understanding of her subjects and motivation behind painting.

    First appeared as a video podcast on YouTube in March 2021: https://youtu.be/x68uKGQn8Ns

    Amanda Greive interview
    Art by Amanda Greive

    Contact the artist:

    Web: https://amandagreive.com/

    Contact the host:

    Support the channel/donate: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

    Veronica Winters, M.F.A. | https://VeronicasArt.com | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/

    Interview with Anna Wypych

    Anna Wypych: art interview with oil painting artist who embraces change

    My guest is a Polish artist – Anna Wypych. Her narrative oil paintings are a testament to the artist’s ability to embrace change. Her female figures are set in motion to evoke emotions and raise questions. In this interview realist artist shares her creative journey in becoming one of the top professional artists working today.

    First appeared as a video podcast on YouTube in February 2021: https://youtu.be/w-TLhyuYiWs

    Contact the artist:

    Web: http://annawypych.pl/

    Contact the host:

    Veronica Winters, M.F.A. | https://VeronicasArt.com | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart

    Support the channel: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

       

    Eric Rhoads-art publisher interviewinpodcast with Veronica Winters

    Eric Rhoads: interview with art publisher

    Eric Rhoads is a pioneer in art publishing & art education industries producing Fine Art Connoisseur & PleinAir magazines, conventions, instructional videos, and retreats for artists who are eager to learn academic or classical oil painting techniques.
    Mr. Rhoads is a powerhouse of ideas and ventures being an artist himself. In candid stories you’ll learn about art marketing, joys of realist painting, art collecting, art education, and how it all came together in a person who simply wanted to learn classical oil painting techniques himself!

    First appeared as a video podcast interview on YouTube in February 2021: https://youtu.be/7vSyESpzFsw

    Follow the artist:

    Instagram @EricRhoads
    Realism.Today, PleinAirMag
    Facebook: EricRhoadsPublisher
    Streamlinepublishing.com/everything
    Marketing: Artmarketing.com
    Book: Make More Money Selling Your Art
    Magazines:
    FineArtConnoisseur.com
    PleinAirMagazine.com
    Newsletters:
    RealismToday.com
    AmericanWatercolor.com
    FineArtToday.com
    PleinAirToday.com

    Outdoorpainter.com & EricRhoads.com
    Conferences: FigurativeArtConvention.com | PleinAirConvention.com
    Trips and Retreats: FineArttrip.com | PaintRussia.com | PublishersInvitational.com | FallColorWeek.com

    Virtual Conferences: WatercolorLive.com | RealismLive.com | PleinAirLive.com | Soarworkshops.com

    Art Instruction Videos and Books: StreamlineArtVideo.com | Liliartvideo.com | CreativeCatalyst.com


    My goal with this project is to expand on art appreciation & discover the healing potential of arts via art interviews with talented artists, collectors, curators and other art professionals who shape up the contemporary art culture. With this art podcast I hope to support real talent to eliminate trashy art from public spaces as well as to show how art can help us find emotional connection to ourselves to discover who we truly are. This art podcast captures personal and emotional stories about life, art, the business of art, art collecting, and everything else that comes with being an artist or loving the arts. This video podcast will feature talented contemporary artists and art enthusiasts alike. Watch, like and share! Let’s find new audiences for contemporary artists.

    Support artist podcast/donate: https://www.paypal.com/biz/fund?id=XEALQ6AHQ22EN

    Veronica Winters, M.F.A. https://VeronicasArt.com

    Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/veronicawintersart/

    Stop creating ugly paintings: 4 color mixing tips in oil painting that work

    I spent many years learning how to draw realistically and then how to use color in oil painting well. I’m not the best realist artist out there but I’m sharing what I’ve learned over the years to help you become a realist artist today. I must say that realist oil painting is a lot more challenging than drawing because color mixing in oil painting is not the same thing as shading in colored pencil or painting in watercolor. In drawing artists shade via subsequent layering to build up a range of values. In oil painting we have to “guess” correct color, value and color temperature in one stroke! What I’m sharing here has taken me years to learn. I spent thousands of dollars on classical painting education that was hard to come by two decades ago. We’re are lucky to have proper art education available today in a form of atelier schools and on-line classes.

    How color mixing works

    Artists have various approaches to color mixing in oil painting. Some paint in full color from the start, others work on detailed underpainting before moving to color. Some pre-mix colors, others don’t. There is no wrong or right way of doing it. The oil painting technique comes with experience and varies in accordance with the artist’s personality.

    Over the years I learned different ways of oil painting and I usually use them in a combination. Color mixing is the hardest part to master in oil painting. Even when your drawing is pretty good, oil painting can still be a huge challenge because of a different approach to color mixing. That’s why even when you get the exact list of colors used in artist’s artwork, you can’t really re-create the same beautiful result you see on YouTube.

    Artists have to match color, color temperature and value in one stroke as opposed to achieving the same result via layering in colored pencils or watercolor. Therefore, artists must have a system in place to make color-mixing easy. 
    contemporary realism art oil painting with starfish by veronica winters
    contemporary realism still life painting with starfish, 16×20" oil on canvas, silver frame, available

    #1 Do underpainting in one color first

    Underpainting serves three purposes.

    • First, you establish your drawing on canvas. So it stays in place.
    • Second, you put warm color underneath your painting. This process gives you a nice, warm tone that interacts with your colors at a later stage.
    • Third, you establish basic pattern of light and shadow. It becomes a guide for your painting to control values.

    Use warm brown underpainting

    I use W&N artist’s oil color burnt sienna for underpainting in warm brown. Sometimes I add a touch of ivory black to darken the darkest areas in the painting. I keep everything rather transparent. Caravaggio used this oil painting technique in his art.

    color mixing oil painting
    Here I’ve done the underpainting in burnt sienna (warm brown) and began using full color palette to develop my painting further.

    Use grey underpainting

    Sometimes I underpaint my work in grays.

    It’s a mix of 3/4 ivory black+1/4 warm brown with the increments of titanium white. (More on that below). This oil painting technique was used by many classically-trained artists including Ingres.

    Use green underpainting

    Some artists prefer the underpainting in dull green. White skin has a lot of green in it and this kind of underpainting becomes great to reveal cool shadows in the face, etc. There are many classical artists who used this oil painting technique. Beautiful, natural greens are Natural Pigments’ Antica Green Earth and Gamblin Terre Verte.

    #2 Use your palette knife for color mixing in oil painting

    #1 Use your palette knife, not the brush to mix the color strings. It’s the only way to mix large, clean batches of color.

    #2 Use the palette knife to compare and to match the color you want to mix.

    color mixing in oil painting veronica winters
    To match the color perfectly you need to use your palette knife. Mix the color on your medium-toned palette, rotate the knife and place it next to your color source to see if you’ve matched the color. In this picture you can see me try to match the blue of this card.

    #3 Pre-mix your main colors

    I premix batches of color for large areas to have consistency and color unity throughout my oil painting. It could be separate batches of color for my background, for a dress and the skin tones.

    oil painting techniques color mixing

    I premix color strings for skin tones as well. Colors vary depending on my project.

    #4 Use grays to neutralize chroma in color mixing

    It’s rare to see vibrant (high-chroma) objects around you. In fact, realist artists show restraint in using bright color because only one or two hues should be dominant with the other hues supporting them. So most colors must be toned down to give the realistic effect. Beginner artists and art collectors tend to paint and to collect very bright art. True understanding and appreciation of color mixing mastery grows overtime. By looking at Sargent’s & Bouguereau’s work you can see how muted yet realistic their colors are.

    Psyche abduct_By William-Adolphe Bouguereau
    Psyche abduct, by William-Adolphe Bouguereau

    I use the grays to neutralize my tube colors.

    how to make oil underpainting
    The strip of grays represents the value scale. It’s mixed from 3/4 ivory black+1/4 warm brown with the increments of titanium white.

    Chroma is the brightness of a color.

    The easiest way to tone down bright colors is to use a slightly warm gray. It’s mixed from 3/4 ivory black+1/4 warm brown with the increments of titanium white. The strip of grays represents the value scale.

    To keep color mixtures fresh for more than one day, I wrap them up in wax paper. Airtight oil paint stays fresh for 2+ days on average.


    video courses by veronica winters
    Check out free previews of my video courses here:: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Color harmony in oil painting from art history

    There are different approaches to color mixing in painting. The Impressionists painted without the use of black. Their paintings taught me to see colors in the shadows. The old masters painted with black to create strong contrast.

    Color unity or color harmony are present in all classical paintings. You’ll find explanations of color harmonies in classical oil paintings in this article 5 Tips that’ll make you better at oil painting: https://veronicasart.com/5-tips-thatll-make-you-better-at-oil-painting/

    Video explaining color mixing in oil painting:


    Basic Art supplies:

    Panels & canvas:

    Don’t buy the cheapest canvases at craft stores and online! Their gesso (white ground) is very low quality that affects everything from paint application to oil paint adherences to archival properties.


    Other helpful articles about oil painting techniques:

    5 tips in realist oil painting:

    6 Tips for Arranging Wall Art in Your Home veronica winters

    6 Tips for Arranging Wall Art in Your Home

    Whether it’s your own work, a cherished gift, or an important purchase, a piece of art is one of the best ways to personalize your space. However, deciding where to place art and the best way to hang up a painting can be challenging. Thankfully, there are several rules of thumb to guide you. The following tips, along with 1stDibs’ illustrated advice on how to arrange wall art, will help you decide the perfect ways to exhibit art in your home. 

    1. Where to Hang Art

    Small pieces look lost and awkward when placed alone on expansive walls. If you have a large wall to fill, consider finding larger works that make a statement. Alternatively, you can pair multiple small pieces together in a grid setup or gallery wall to help fill the space. 

    Other ways to display art include propping them up on a mantelpiece or floating shelf. This approach allows you to easily move pieces around without damaging the wall. 

    wall art displays-veronica winters

    2. Plan your art wall display

    One of the best things you can do before hanging wall art is to make a solid plan. There are several great methods of envisioning pieces on a wall before hanging them up. 

    First, you can try out art visualizer tools and interior decorating apps on your phone that use augmented reality to show you how a painting will look on your wall. This will not only help determine the best placement for an art piece, but will also show you how the colors will either complement or clash with your existing decor. There are lots of these digital tools out there, so you can search through the app store to find the best one for your needs. 

    Second, you can try using kraft paper to plan an arrangement. To do this, cut out kraft paper pieces that are the same sizes as all your art pieces. Adhere the pieces of paper to the wall with painter’s tape to find an arrangement that you like. This is also a great way to experiment with spacing between pieces before you hang them up. 

    how to display wall art

    3. Measure your wall space, furniture & art


    Spacing out art and deciding on the best height to hang pieces is sometimes a matter of intuition. However, if you’re unsure where to start, here are some suggestions.

    Hang art so that the middle of the piece sits at eye level, around 57 to 60 inches above the floor. This way, people walking by will get the best possible viewing experience and won’t have to strain to see the work.

    When hanging art right above a piece of furniture, such as a sofa or console table, it’s aesthetically pleasing to keep the width of the furniture wider than the art above it. A general rule is to keep art above a sofa ⅔ the width of the sofa.

    What about spacing in between multiple art pieces on a wall? In general, it’s a good idea to leave anywhere from 3 to 6 inches in between the pieces.

    wall art display how to measure distances in wall art displays

    4. Decide on either Symmetrical or Asymmetrical wall art display


    When planning an art display with multiple pieces, it’s important to ask yourself if the room would be better suited to an asymmetrical or symmetrical arrangement. 

    For a tidy, traditional-looking display, choose a symmetrical layout such as a grid, diptych, or triptych of identically-sized pieces. 

    For a more diverse feel, put together an asymmetrical, salon-style gallery wall. In a gallery wall, you can pair different sizes and styles, but it’s best to maintain cohesion by keeping a running theme or repeating color palette. 

    wall art arrangements, wall art displays

    5. Create visual balance

    In the aforementioned gallery wall setup, how do you keep everything visually balanced? 

    A great way to start is to hang up the largest pieces first. Put up a large art piece near the center of the wall to draw the eye to a focal point. Then, hang the smaller pieces around it to create visual interest. 

    Another approach is to imagine an invisible line down the center of the wall. When you hang up your art, keep the same visual weight of pieces, large and small, on both sides of the line. This way, you’ll ensure the wall stays balanced and unified. 

    Finally, if you’re lining up different-sized works horizontally, align the centers, not the tops or bottoms of the pieces. 

    wall art displays
    Framed pictures display @ Beverly hills hotel

    6. Experiment with the layout on the floor

    If you have no visualization apps, place your arrangement on the floor first to see how art pieces harmonize together in size, theme and color. I often collect pictures of my favorite wall art displays in a digital folder. Some art arrangements include more than art, such as decorative mirrors and metal sculptures. Experiment!

    These tips will help you get started creating a beautiful art arrangement that will enhance your home and make for a visually pleasing display. That said, showcasing art is all about creativity, so feel free to break the rules and follow your instinct whenever it feels right. 

    You can also see other wall art designs and ideas here: https://porch.com/advice/design-best-gallery-home

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Further reading: https://veronicasart.com/art-collecting-101-6-ways-to-display-art-beautifully-at-home-office/

    Resin art ideas for beginners: 10 things I learned pouring resin veronica winters

    Resin art ideas for beginners: 10 things I learned pouring resin art

    You know that I’m a realist artist but this lockdown was long. I felt drained of creativity, motivation, and inspiration to produce anything. As a result I began to experiment with other mediums in my studio hoping to revive my feeling of joy. For some reason it was difficult to find excitement in my ‘regular’ portrait painting and colored pencil drawing. So the idea was to learn resin art and fluid art painting techniques from scratch to combine them with my realist art in a new way. Here I’d like to share what I learned doing resin art (and the resin art supplies list at the end of this article).

    veronica winters colored pencil
    Let it be, 12x16in, mixed media on wood panel |To make poured resin art, I drew the image in colored pencil, varnished the surface, glued crushed glass and did resin pour twice. The first layer has some extra fine glitters in specific areas of my drawing. The final layer has just a bot of other extra fine glitter not to obscure the face. Glass and glitter have amazing sparkle that doesn’t show up in photography.

    1. Resin quality & variety

    All resins are different in consistency and application. You have to try several different brands to figure out what works for you and your projects. For example, Liquid Diamonds is a high-quality resin that runs like water. It’s both good and bad for resin artists. It’s good because you need much less resin to cover the surface. It also generates less heat as a result of thin application. (Not melting the wax in colored pencil as much due to less heat produced). It’s not great because it can run over the edge really badly. The entire batch of mixed resin can potentially run off the surface through one small cavity present between the edge and tape. I think that Liquid Diamonds art resin is great to use on the surfaces that already have borders like a tray or a bowl.

    resin art best resin

    Some resins have doming capabilities like Little Windows or KSRESIN. This is great to hold the edge and no so good cost-wise because you need to apply a lot more resin to cover the surface completely especially if you work in subsequent layers. Thicker resins tend to roll off the previous resin layer unless you have enough to cover the entire surface or you’ve done some sanding. And that’s why it depends what kind of resin art project you do.

    Each resin works great for specific projects and maybe terrible for others. I’ve done small jewelry pieces, small and large resin paintings as well as some geode art and large geode pieces. In my experience Little Windows mixes great and gives very few (if any) bubbles working small (jewelry and small craft projects). It’s crystal clear, easy to mix and dome, and non-toxic! I didn’t like it that much working large however because it likes to be poured all at once and left untouched. Otherwise it could leave strange patterns in the resin. Other resins like KSRESIN or Liquid Diamonds give me a chance to spread the resin around the panel and to manipulate it some to cover the surface without leaving any patterns in it.

    resin art for sale
    Blue geode art painting, 8x10in | This was one of my practice pieces I made before starting on a large-scale project. This poured resin art piece was done in layers to produce varied effects you see on the surface. I also used Pinata alcohol inks, acrylic paints, crushed glass, diamond dust and glitters.

    2. Consider the scale of your project

    As a result the scale of your project or the amount of mixed resin you need requires experience that no one can give you in a tutorial. Only by mixing the resins yourself and applying them in your varied projects you learn what works and what doesn’t and how much mixed resin you need for a specific art piece.

    One advice I can give you is to start small. Resin is expensive to waste it especially if you buy art resins. But most importantly working small cuts on your frustrations because a lot of things can go wrong working big (mixing not enough resin, falling dust, broken edge, uneven application, bubbles, etc). By working small you minimize your frustration on so many potentially frustrating problems!

    resin art for sale
    Green geode art painting, 5x7in | This was one of my practice pieces I made before working on a large-scale project. This poured resin art piece was done in layers to produce varied effects you see on the surface. I also used Pinata alcohol inks, acrylic paints, crushed glass, diamond dust and glitters.

    3. Consider working time

    Working time varies greatly in resins. Quick Coat Resin can start setting up in 10-15 minutes while KSRESIN has 45+minutes working time. If you don’t add any powders or paint to the mixture, the working time is long enough to spread it around, torch, level it out and torch again.

    In my experience, what I found cuts on working time greatly are high humidity levels, high room temperature and the amount of added pigments mixed into the resins. This becomes crucial to learn when you do large resin art pieces! Because resins can set up almost instantly having acrylic paint or mica powder mixed into them. They’ll set up so quickly you won’t be able to take them out of your cup! In general it’s best to add just a little bit of pigment to resin for it to set up properly.

    Also, if you make geode art you want some of your edges to blend more while others look hard. Working time and layering greatly affects what kind of edge you’ll get between the colors.

    Green galactic eye, mixed media, 5×7″
    I poured Little Windows resin over the varnished drawing. Glitter sparkles and gives it magical feeling. This resin art is available for sale.

    Mixing Ratio

    Resins have varied mixing instructions in terms of volume and time needed to mix both parts. You must follow mixing ratios written in the instructions for every new resin you use. Some resins have 2:1 mixing ratios and others have 1:1 ratio. Mixing time varies too and it’s very important not to cut on mixing time. Spend as much time as necessary mixing the two parts into one and only after that add pigments/glitter/ powder into it and mix it some more. For example it takes 4 minutes to mix both parts of KSRESIN. Why is it important? You need to do it right to prevent having soft spots, cracking or uneven application.

    resin art ideas

    If you use plastic cups that don’t have precise measurements written on them, pick identical cups and measure the level you want with a ruler. For example I can measure and mark 1 inch from the cup’s bottom. I mark both cups with a sharpie, pour equal parts of hardener and resin into those cups leveling resin out to that 1″ mark and then I take the 3d cup to combine these two together. If it’s 2:1 ratio, you can’t measure 2 inches vs 1 inch because the cup widens. So I use the same 1″ cup to measure it twice.

    angel art resin art for sale
    Messenger, colored pencil drawing with glitter and resin on panel, 16×20 inches, resin art for sale

    4. Bubbles

    Bubbles. Yes those pesky bubbles happen naturally because you mix part A with part B and the air gets trapped in the chemical process of mixing the two parts. Resins are very different in the amount of bubbles they produce. Little Windows resin has very few bubbles that tend to disappear on their own, especially when you let it rest first and then blow some air by your mouth over the art. I never torched this resin and it came out perfectly even and crystal clear. Liquid Diamonds is not super bubbly as well.

    You must get a small, culinary torch to work with most (if not all) resins because bubbles stay in cured resin for good and screw up the overall appearance of the finished piece. Some resins are very bubbly and there is no way around it but using the butane torch.

    Picking and working with the culinary torch is tricky. I think that the construction of any handheld torch is about the same despite their difference in price. Based on the reviews I’ve read, all of them have similar flaws not working properly from time to time… ( Just read one-star reviews on Amazon to understand common problems associated with it). The amount of flame changes without changing the knob or it doesn’t want to charge butane one day and does charge it just fine the next day.
    Buy it. Work with it but be extra careful. The torch can burn the masking tape or other parts of art where there is no resin. Potentially it could burn anything around it or the cured resin in the previous layer…That’s why I always use the lowest setting possible and I hold it far enough from the surface not to burn it. Also, I move my hand around the piece evenly without concentrating on any one area. When the resin is bubbly you can see how the bubbles disappear instantly torching them. Usually I repeat the process twice.

    I have IDEACone Premium Butane/ Culinary, refillable torch. I don’t think it’s better or worse than others. It’s just the one I got. Also, I buy Bernzomatic butane can at a local hardware store that has the most competitive price on it. Working with these small culinary torches can be tricky because the flame might be uneven or they stop working for no reason, or they don’t charge butane as they should. In other words, small torches are very unreliable and when you have so little time to get rid of the bubbles, you want it to work!

    resin art ideas
    You can’t see the details and the beauty of varied, sparkling surfaces created with crushed glass, glitters, resin, powders, paint and alcohol inks. These are 4 panels in total. One piece consists of two 24x36inch panels. This was a very large and difficult resin art project. The cost of resin and materials ran around $400 for all 4 panels! I spent weeks pouring resin in layers, gluing stones and glass, repouring until it was done.

    5. Tape

    Watch what tape you use to hold canvas or panel edge. I find that cheap or generic masking tapes don’t work the same way as Scotch masking tape does. Generic ones can stick to the surface for good. It’s very difficult to remove it when the resin cures. You must apply heat (torch it) to take it off and when resin runs over and sticks to it, it often doesn’t come off 100 percent. Also cheap masking tape doesn’t hold the edge well and may let the resin flow over the edge/under the tape. I had this happen too many times! Scotch masking tape stays in place. It removes easily and rarely needs a torch.

    resin art for sale
    Masked edges before after the resin pour


    6. Dust, hair & cover

    This is 12×16″ wood panel with poured resin art. It’s protected by the cover to prevent dust and hair from falling onto the resin.

    Whenever you work with resins, your space must be super clean and dust-free. Every tiny particle can land on the surface of curing resin to destroy the beauty of the shiny surface. You can’t undo it and it ruins the glass-like appearance of the piece if something sits on it’s surface permanently, It looks terrible when the dust settles right in the center of your artwork. To get rid of dust falling over your resin art, you need to find a cover for the art piece beforehand. So you can put it over the piece while it cures.
    And this is when the scale of your artwork can kill you. Because the larger the piece, the more difficult it gets to apply resin perfectly. This includes mixing enough resin to cover the surface, to keep it dust-free, to mix just the right amount of resin to do colors, to pop the bubbles, to keep the edges clean, etc. Your clean cover must be large enough to protect the resin piece. I use plastic box covers, tin cans, and even Ziplock 15×20 weathershield boxes.

    7. Yellowing

    All resins yellow with time. Some have UV light inhibitors to slow the yellowing process down. I’ve seen my resin projects yellow even when they were not exposed to the light at all. And I bought art resins stating that they don’t yellow. They do but for different reasons. The hardener yellows in a bottle exposed to the air within a year. So it yellows with oxidation. If the epoxy resin has the UV light inhibitors, it might yellow when cured due to extreme sun exposure.

    Yellowing could be a problem if you design your art piece that’s supposed to be pure white or has cool color scheme and eventually becomes yellowish. But I find that when the surface is colored, slightly yellowed resin doesn’t really change anything visually (because this color change is almost unnoticeable on brightly colored surfaces. It also warms up the surface which is good for the most part). Cheap resins yellow very quickly and don’t level out easily. KSRESIN Liquid Art Ultra UV Epoxy has UV-light inhibitors in them that yellow much slower with time but they also do yellow.

    resin art for sale

    What is a UV Stabilizer in epoxy resin?

    A UV stabilizer in epoxy resin is a chemical additive that helps to protect the epoxy from the damaging effects of UV radiation. UV stabilizers work by absorbing and dissipating the UV light before it can penetrate the surface of the epoxy and cause degradation.

    UV radiation can cause epoxy resin to yellow, crack, or become brittle over time. This is because the UV light causes the epoxy to break down and oxidize, which can lead to a loss of strength and integrity in the material. UV stabilizers help to prevent this by blocking the UV light and preserving the quality and appearance of the epoxy.

    UV stabilizers are especially important for epoxy projects that will be exposed to direct sunlight or other sources of UV radiation, such as outdoor sculptures or furniture. They can also be used in indoor projects to provide an extra layer of protection against UV radiation and to extend the lifespan of the epoxy.

    UV stabilizers are often included in commercial epoxy formulations, but they can also be purchased separately as a stand-alone additive. When using a UV stabilizer, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and to use the recommended amount for the particular epoxy formulation being used.

    ArtResin formula includes both UV and HALS stabilization. Any resin product that does not include both HALS and UV stabilization will yellow within a year. Don’t buy cheap, low-quality resins! If you use it over your artwork, it will deteriorate the work.

    8. Surfaces & molds

    Work on sturdy surfaces like wood or canvas panels or metal panels. Regular canvases bend, cave in and twist. Thus they’re not great for resin application in general although I did do some resin art on canvas.

    da vinci pro panels is a very stable surface to apply resin to.

    How to resin art on canvas?

    Creating resin art on canvas is a popular and beautiful way to add dimension and depth to a painting. Here are the basic steps to creating resin art on canvas:

    1. Prepare the canvas: Start by preparing the canvas by applying a coat of gesso primer. This will help to create a smooth surface for the resin to adhere to.
    2. Create the painting: Paint the canvas with acrylic paints or other media to create the desired design or image. Allow the paint to dry completely before moving on to the next step. Plan what color of the canvas you need because it will show through the resin. Even if you color resin the base hue affects the overall design. Also when you put crystals or glass over the colored surface, it will show as well because you pour transparent resin over the glass in order for it to glue to the surface permanently.
    3. Mix the resin: Mix the resin and hardener according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Be sure to mix the resin thoroughly but gently to avoid creating bubbles.
    4. Apply the resin: Pour the mixed resin onto the canvas, using a spreader or brush to spread it evenly over the surface. Be careful not to pour too much resin in one area, as this can cause the resin to run off the canvas. I usually tape the borders with high-quality masking tape.
    5. Add color or texture: If desired, add color or texture to the resin using pigments, glitters, or other materials. Use a brush or tool to create swirls or other patterns in the resin.
    6. Allow to cure: Allow the resin to cure for at least 24 hours, or as recommended by the manufacturer. Keep the canvas in a dust-free, well-ventilated area during the curing process.
    7. Sand and polish: Once the resin is fully cured, sand any rough spots or edges . Polishing isn’t required on the surface itself because it cures with a smooth, glossy finish that does look like glass.

    Creating resin art on canvas can be a fun and rewarding project, but it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and to take proper safety precautions when working with epoxy resin. Wear protective gear and work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of fumes.

    how to resin art on canvas?
    The painting in the middle was made with resin on canvas. I put glass and crystals there as well. The canvas had a triple layer of gesso and some light grey acrylic paint under the resin. It’s possible to do but I recommend using sturdier surfaces that can’t bend or change shape because of the resin’s weight. To raise stability and application evenness of the surface, use canvas panels instead of the canvases with stretcher bars.

    Molds are not made the same! Cheap ones give resins matte look and you have to either polish your resin piece or throw it out. Silicone molds designed specifically for art projects keep resin pieces very shiny when you take them out of the mold and you don’t need to do anything extra to make them crystal clear and shiny. So whenever you shop for molds, read reviews first. I often go to Facebook groups to see discussions or to ask a question about resin. I love my jewelry molds from Little Windows store (links are below).

    I used jewelry molds by Little Windows to make crystal clear ocean jewelry pieces.

    9. Varnish

    Because I’m a follower of classical painting, I don’t come from making craft projects although there are so many creative resin art ideas I want to explore!!! I wanted to make my drawings look more like paintings under glass with a touch of magic in them. So this is why I began doing resin art. If you decide to try to do something similar, you must protect your drawing with a varnish first. If you don’t, it will change the color and tones of your art! The drawing may disappear. When you apply mixed resin it generates heat and melts some wax in colored pencil. You must prevent it from a complete melt down. I apply several coats of synthetic spray varnish over my drawings outdoors before covering them with resin. My favorite is Grumbacher matte final fixative for pastel, charcoal & pencil (drawing). There is no need to varnish pieces made of resin from scratch. I think it’s useful to varnish acrylic pieces before applying resin over the acrylic painting so there is no interaction between the art and the resin.

    Do I need to seal my art before resin application?

    Sealing your artwork before applying resin may not be appropriate for all types of artwork. It depends on a project. While sealant isn’t required, there are some situations where it may be beneficial to seal your artwork before applying resin. For example, if your artwork is made with porous or absorbent materials, such as unprimed canvas or raw wood, it may be helpful to seal the surface to prevent the resin from soaking into the material and to ensure an even finish.

    If you do decide to seal your artwork before applying resin, it is important to use the correct type of sealer for your particular medium. For example, if you are working with a painting on canvas, you may want to use a clear acrylic sealer or mudpodge (puzzle sealant) to seal the canvas or paper before applying the resin. When applying the sealer, be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and to allow the sealer to dry completely before applying the resin. Brushing the sealant insures the coverage but dries slow unlike using a spray fixative for example. Also most papers require a sealant because they’re absorbent, although high-quality, glossy papers may do just fine. Brush the sealant on both sides of the paper!! If you use a spray sealant, use several coats on your artwork, spraying it in a well-ventilated area that’s clear of dust too. Let each spray coat to dry completely for at least half an hour.

    Use Kamar Varnish to seal your alcohol ink art on yupo paper, which is a super glossy art paper that has different properties from regular paper. I always test every surface I want to seal before going big. Trust me it’s worth the extra effort!

    I’ve never done resin on wood but I bet it must be sealed as well because I find that almost any surface is absorbent enough for a resin to change its final appearance. Also dry flowers must be sealed as well before dropping them into the resin. Sealant helps with the bubbles issue as well.

    One more thing, don’t use resin over traditional oil paint!

    10. What if?

    What if something goes wrong during pouring or resin set up? You could have uneven surface or lots of dust set up on the piece. Or the resin didn’t mix properly and produced soft spots or cracks. Wait for it to cure 100%. Then carefully wet sand the surface with 600-800grit sandpaper. Sanding will make the image look cloudy but it will also give the new layer a better grip to add a new layer of resin. I used 800 grit sandpaper to even out the surface twice on one piece. When you sand it, the resin becomes cloudy and it’s nerve-racking but it becomes glossy once you pour a top layer of resin over it.

    I recommend Imperial Wetordry sandpaper by 3M. I regret I didn’t buy this tool sooner to sand my canvases. The sander is fantastic to even out the surface in seconds! I used Black & Decker 1/4 sheet sander that I bought at a local hardware store like Home Depot or Lowes.

    You’re ready to repour after sanding. Make sure your piece is leveled before re-pouring. I usually pour working on my table first but when the resin begins to settle I take the panel to the floor to cure overnight. High-quality resins level out well. The floor has a perfect even surface for the resin to level out on my panel evenly.

    In conclusion, doing resin art is fun but it also can be very frustrating and expensive process to figure everything out on your own. Please start working small. Use high-quality resins. Learn how to mix and apply colored resins as well as how to use the torch. And happy painting!

    Video

    Resin art for sale

    All resin art pieces are for sale. Email me if you’re interested to buy something you see here. Or look at colored pencil gallery images to see available pieces, sizes, and pricing.

    Most common questions about epoxy resin art:

    How to prevent bubbles in epoxy resin?

    Preventing bubbles in epoxy resin can be a challenging task, but there are several methods that can be used to minimize or eliminate them. I find that the bubbles is a natural occurrence in epoxy resin mixing because it’s a chemical reaction mixing the two parts, but some resins bubble more or less depending on the brand. The one by Little Windows almost has no bubbles but the resin itself isn’t suitable for big projects in my experience.

    1. Mix the resin and hardener thoroughly but gently: When mixing epoxy resin and hardener, it is important to stir the mixture slowly and carefully to avoid creating air bubbles. Use a stirring stick or spatula and avoid using a mixer or shaking the container, as this can create even more bubbles.
    2. Warm the resin before mixing: Epoxy resin can be sensitive to temperature changes, so it is recommended to warm the resin slightly before mixing it with the hardener. This can help to reduce the viscosity of the resin and make it easier to mix without creating bubbles. Warm resin flows better in my opinion and I place it in a warm water bath for 15 minutes prior to mixing. Be careful not to transfer water into the epoxy resin mix!! Wipe the bottles off with a paper towel completely.
    3. Use a torch or heat gun: After pouring the epoxy resin into the mold or surface, use a torch or heat gun to gently heat the surface of the resin. This can help to pop any bubbles that have formed and release them from the resin. I find this to be the most effective method dealing with the bubbles.
    4. Allow the mixture to settle: After mixing the epoxy resin and hardener, let the mixture sit for a few minutes to allow any bubbles to rise to the surface. Use a toothpick or a small spatula to pop the bubbles before pouring the mixture into the mold or surface. The bubbles do seem to minimize in scope letting the epoxy resin settle but don’t wait for too long because it starts curing.
    5. Apply in thin layers: When applying epoxy resin in layers, apply each layer as thinly as possible. This can help to prevent bubbles from forming and ensure that the layers bond together properly.
    6. Use a degassing chamber: If you are working with large amounts of epoxy resin, using a degassing chamber can help to remove bubbles before pouring the resin. A degassing chamber uses vacuum pressure to remove air from the resin, resulting in a bubble-free mixture.

    By following these tips, you can reduce or eliminate bubbles in your epoxy resin projects and achieve a smooth and even finish.

    Is resin art harmful?

    Resin art can potentially be harmful if proper precautions are not taken. Epoxy resin is a chemical product that can release fumes during the curing process, and it can also cause skin irritation or allergic reactions if it comes into contact with the skin. In depends with what brand of epoxy resin you work. For example, epoxy resin by Little Windows and ArtResin are safe because they have no solvent ingredients, no BPA, no harmful fumes or VOCs released. They’re food safe and are non-flammable and non-hazardous. Maybe there are more resins of this kind but you must check the manufacturer’s site for the safely issues or safely certifications when you plan to by the product.

    If you resin isn’t safe or you’re not sure of its properties, then follow these guidelines:

    1. Work in a well-ventilated area: When working with epoxy resin, it is important to work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes. Open windows and doors or use a fan to ensure good air circulation.
    2. Wear protective gear: Wear gloves, a respirator mask, and protective clothing to prevent skin contact and inhalation of fumes.
    3. Read the product label: Read the product label carefully and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing and applying the resin. Use the product as directed and do not deviate from the instructions.
    4. Use a clean workspace: Keep your workspace clean and free of debris to avoid contaminating the resin with dust or other particles.
    5. Dispose of waste properly: Dispose of any leftover or unused resin and hardener properly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

    By following these safety precautions, you can minimize the risk of harm when working with epoxy resin. If you experience any symptoms of skin irritation or respiratory distress while working with resin, stop working immediately and seek medical attention.

    Can I use my epoxy resin hardener that turned yellow?

    It’s tricky. I did use the yellowed hardener that set in my box for about a year. The art resin pieces turned out just fine. However, If your epoxy resin hardener has turned yellow, it is likely that it has expired or has been exposed to the air with heat, moisture, or direct sunlight. It oxidizes with air. The resins usually do have a 6month-1year shelf life. It is not recommended to use a hardener that has turned yellow, as it may affect the curing process and the final result of your resin project. Expired or compromised hardener can cause the resin to take longer to cure, or it may not cure at all. This can result in a sticky or tacky surface that is difficult to work with, or a surface that remains soft or flexible.

    If your hardener has turned yellow but it’s been used within a year, try using it on smaller projects with color like alcohol inks or acrylics or glitter. Mix it the same way as in the instructions. Don’t change the mixable amounts. Also, while it looks very yellow in a bottle, when you mix it with the second part, it’s diluted.

    Why resin doesn’t cure?

    There are several reasons why resin may not cure properly. Here are some of the most common causes of resin not curing:

    1. Incorrect mixing ratio: If the resin and hardener are not mixed in the correct ratio, the resin may not cure properly. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and use the recommended mixing ratio.
    2. Incomplete mixing: If the resin and hardener are not mixed thoroughly, the resin may not cure properly. Be sure to mix the resin and hardener together thoroughly, scraping the sides and bottom of the mixing container to ensure even mixing.
    3. Improper temperature or humidity: Epoxy resin requires specific temperature and humidity conditions to cure properly. If the temperature is too cold or too hot, or if the humidity is too high or too low, the resin may not cure properly. I find that humidity and room temperature greatly affect the curing time of the resin and it will vary in your case despite all the advice or instructions.
    4. Old or expired resin: Epoxy resin has a limited shelf life and can expire over time. Using old or expired resin can cause the resin to cure improperly or not at all.
    5. Contamination: Contamination can occur when foreign materials such as dust, dirt, water or oils are introduced to the resin. This can prevent the resin from curing properly.
    6. Improper surface preparation: If the surface is not properly prepared before applying the resin, it may not adhere properly and may not cure properly.

    If your resin does not cure properly, it is important to identify the cause and take steps to prevent it from happening in the future. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully, and store and handle the resin properly to ensure optimal performance within a year of purchase.

    Does resin art break easily?

    The durability of resin art depends on a variety of factors, such as the thickness of the resin layer, the type of resin used, and the application technique. In general, cured epoxy resin is a strong and durable material that is resistant to cracking, chipping, and peeling. In my experience, it’s hard as a rock and doesn’t break easily. It was scratched with a wire one time however. Also, there are some factors that can cause resin art to break or become damaged over time.

    One of the main factors that can affect the durability of resin art is the thickness of the resin layer. A thick layer of resin can be more prone to cracking or breaking than a thinner layer. It is recommended to apply resin in thin layers, allowing each layer to cure completely before applying the next. Depending on a manufacturer, you’ll the the full cure of resin at different times varying anywhere from 24 hours to 3 days. So if you apply resin in layers, wait for the complete cure of art resin to be on a safe side of things.

    The type of resin used can also affect the durability of resin art. Some types of resin are formulated to be more durable and impact-resistant than others. It is important to choose a high-quality epoxy resin that is designed for use in art and craft projects.

    Another factor that can affect the durability of resin art is the application technique. If the resin is not applied evenly or is not allowed to cure properly, it can become brittle or prone to cracking over time. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and to take proper safety precautions when working with epoxy resin.

    Overall, with proper application and curing, epoxy resin art is very durable and long-lasting medium that is resistant to damage.

    What resin art sells the best?

    The popularity of resin art is constantly evolving, and what sells the best can vary depending on factors such as current trends, consumer preferences, the target market and your unique art style!!! That being said, there are a few types of resin art that tend to be consistently popular among buyers.

    Geode resin art: Geode resin art involves creating the look of natural geodes by pouring colored resin into a prepared surface and adding metallic accents, crystals, glass, glitter and so on. This type of resin art has become very popular in recent years due to its sparkly, eye-catching look.

    Ocean-inspired resin art: Resin art that is inspired by the ocean, such as beach scenes, ocean waves, or sea creatures, is also very popular. The translucent nature of resin makes it well-suited for creating a realistic water effect.

    Resin jewelry: Resin jewelry, such as necklaces, earrings, and bracelets, is a popular type of resin art. Resin can be mixed with pigments or glitter to create unique and colorful pieces of jewelry.

    Resin coasters and trays: Resin art can be used to create functional items such as coasters and trays. Resin coasters and trays can be customized with various colors and textures, making them a popular choice among buyers.

    Abstract resin art: Abstract resin art is also popular, as it allows for a wide range of styles and interpretations. Abstract resin art can be created using a variety of techniques, such as mixing and layering different colors of resin.

    I recommend working large because people love to get big pieces to fill the wall space. At the same, working small can also work well because more people can afford it, so it could be a quick purchase that doesn’t break the bank. Such resin art pieces include coasters, small art, keychains, jewelry, etc. In other words, it depends what art market you want to target and where you plan to sell your resin art.

    Keep in mind that the best type of resin art to sell will depend on your own interests, skills, and preferences. It is always a good idea to research current trends and to experiment with different styles and techniques to find your art style. Otherwise, all resin art pieces look very similar to the buyer, so you must come out as a different brand with your unique style. Also I find that sales strongly correlate with artist’s personality and willingness to sell art. Extraverted, outgoing people sell art naturally while for introverts it’s a job that may affect the sales.

    Can resin art be done on glass?


    Yes, resin art can be done on glass, and it can create beautiful and unique effects. Glass can be used as a surface for resin art, and the translucent nature of the glass can add depth and dimension to the finished piece. Personally, I applied resin over plexiglass that looks like glass but can’t break like glass. When working with resin on glass, it is important to prepare the surface properly. Here are some tips for working with resin on glass:

    Clean the glass: Thoroughly clean the glass surface to remove any dirt, dust, or oils. Use a glass cleaner or rubbing alcohol to ensure the surface is clean and free of any contaminants.

    Prepare the surface: If the glass is smooth, you may need to create a rough surface for the resin to adhere to. This can be done by lightly sanding the surface with fine-grit sandpaper or using a glass etching cream.

    Apply a base coat: Apply a base coat of resin to the glass, using a spreader or brush to spread it evenly over the surface. This will help the subsequent layers of resin adhere to the glass.

    Apply the resin: Pour the mixed resin onto the glass surface, using a spreader or brush to spread it evenly over the surface. Be sure to work carefully to avoid creating air bubbles.

    Add color or texture: If desired, add color or texture to the resin using pigments, glitters, or other materials. Use a brush or tool to create swirls or other patterns in the resin.

    Allow to cure: Allow the resin to cure for at least 24 hours, or as recommended by the manufacturer. Keep the glass in a dust-free, well-ventilated area during the curing process. I usually cover my projects completely to prevent the dust settle on a surface. It’s very disappointing to work on resin art so hard only to see a tiny hair permanently sticking to the surface. Also make sure your surface is absolutely flat and you work on a flat table because the resin will self-level and accumulate in an area if you place glass at a very slight angle.

    Working with resin on glass can be a challenging but rewarding process. It is important to take proper safety precautions when working with epoxy resin and to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully to ensure the best results.

    Whereto buy resin art supplies:

    Shops:

    Little Windows resins, quality resin molds & resin art supplies If you shop on this site I have a 15% off coupon for you. Enter beautifulart coupon code at check out. I like their molds. Resin art pieces come out brilliant clear.

    The Epoxy Resin Store where you can buy a variety artist-grade resins that includes Liquid diamonds, KSRESIN, the artist’s choice, Liquid Art Ultra UV Epoxy and many more!

    Artresin.com

    Resins on Amazon:

    Handheld Torch: IDEACone Premium Butane/ Culinary, refillable torch

    Bernzomatic butane can ( the cheapest price is at Lowes)

    Pinata color rich gold/silver alcohol inks make fantastic, rich gold and silver colors!

    Imperial Wetordry sandpaper by 3M

    Black & Decker 1/4 sheet sander

    Scotch masking tape

    Gorilla glue gun and glue sticks

    Mixing cups and sticks

    Disposable gloves (buy the ones that sit tight on your hands! It’s a messy process).

    Grumbacher matte final fixative for pastel, charcoal & pencil

    Wood panels:

    You must have gessoed surface (white ground that you see on panels) to do resin art and acrylic paintings. So you either buy white wood panels or you apply gesso over the wood panels.

    I’m an amazon affiliate.


    Online Art Classes

    Tired making the same mistakes? Take an art class in your pajamas!

    video courses by veronica winters
    Check out free previews of my video courses here:: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/
    realist oil painting techniques video course
    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/p/realist-oil-painting-techniques-secrets-for-serious-beginners-beyond

    Cracked oil paintings: reasons & prevention

    Here I’d like to explain reasons why cracks appear on the surface of oil paintings and how to prevent this from happening in either your own painting or art collection. If you’re a savvy collector of art, you must know main reasons why cracks appear. Obviously the older the painting, the more cracks you might see in your art down the road because art ages too.

    Why do oil paintings crack?

    Many famous artists – including da Vinci, Reynolds and Rothko–experimented with their art materials creating oil paintings. For this reason contemporary conservators study artists’ process to understand how they can fix the oil paintings using correct solvents, paints and varnishes.

    The oil paint cracking depends on the artist’s process completing the work. Most artists (especially hobby painters) have no clue how the quality of art supplies affects their art long term. Of course, it doesn’t matter if you’re just learning, practicing and making sketches. But if the aim is to create museum-quality art, you must start thinking how you use your art materials. I think art collectors also need to be aware of these issues to ask artists the right questions. All of us buy art based on emotion and what we react to in the painting visually but if the art is really pricey it’s worth understanding why cracks appear in oil paintings because it can devalue your art collection or be difficult to fix the canvas in a few years.

    White paint

    Scientists at the Smithsonian’s Museum Conservation Institute found that zinc white in oil paint creates permanent problems that lead to paint cracks and peel off of the paint. Many white colors have some zinc white in them that makes the pigment brittle with age.

    Read labels carefully. It often says ‘Titanium dioxide (PW 6), zinc oxide (PW 4)’. Your titanium white oil paint should have PW6+linseed oil only. You’ll see that cheap paint is cheap for a reason – it has a lot of additives and PW4 mixed into it.

    Mediums

    All tubed oil paint has some oil mixed into the paint along with some additives to keep it fresh. Linseed oil is the most stable oil that is also used widely as paint medium by artists. It’s long-lasting and dries quite quickly. The disadvantage is that it may yellow over time.

    Safflower oil, poppy oil, and walnut oil are less stable oils often used as vehicles that are mixed into the oil paint. Avoid using safflower oil. Walnut oil slows down the painting time and it doesn’t yellow. Consider using it instead of linseed oil if you’d like.

    When there is a lot of medium mixed into the paint especially in the underpainting layers, cracks may appear after a while. Try to paint with the lead white and a small amount of linseed oil. Add a bit of the medium in the top layers of painting.

    Layering of paint

    If artist painted over the wet or semi-dry layer of oil paint, the lower layer didn’t have enough time to dry completely. It may cause cracking.

    Surface

    Oil paint doesn’t stick well to a very smooth surface and doesn’t form a permanent bond necessary to preserve the art well. Low-quality gesso (white ground you see on canvases and panels) doesn’t allow for proper adhering of paint. Cracks or flacking of paint may happen. Don’t paint on cheap canvases sold at craft stores. The quality of gesso and canvas is poor and the paint won’t adhere to the surface permanently.

    realism oil painting of ocean sunset
    Sunset, 36×48″ Complementary delivery in Naples area

    Climate

    If you live in a hot and humid climate like Florida, it’s very important not to adjust your thermostat changing temperature and humidity levels when you leave the house. Why? Because if you own original art on canvas the surface expands and contracts all the time straining the paint layers. This is one of the main reasons why you see cracks in the old master paintings…And those that keep up their shape were painted on wood panels…Know that panels provide a much better painting support and don’t warp or fluctuate as much as regular canvas does. It doesn’t mean that you’re doomed having art on canvas however.

    Oil paint application over the acrylics

    I came across a really useful article recently that explains what happens when you apply oil paint over the acrylics. It’s fairly known that if you underpaint in acrylic paint, you must wait for 3 days for acrylic paint to settle before working in oils. Even when acrylics are dry to the touch, they go through a molecular process of drying out called “coalescence”. When the acrylic paint dries out in 3+ days you can resume painting over it in oils. This is where new research comes in handy.

    In this new article https://justpaint.org/revising-our-recommendations-for-using-oils-over-acrylics/ Greg Watson states that the painting support doesn’t play the major role leading to oil paint cracking, rather it’s the application of oil paint itself. “In testing if cracking happens, it happens during the early stages of drying – as the paint transitions from being wet to touch dry. Fast-drying colors like Mars Yellow or colors that are susceptible to this type of cracking like Ultramarine Blue, may develop hairline cracks within a day or two. Slower drying colors can take weeks or even a month to show any issues, if ever. It appears this cracking does not develop further once the color is fully touch dry.”

    Also “cracking is mostly happening in oil paint or oil ground with no oil or solvent added, applied directly out of the tube or container over the acrylic surfaces. These oil applications are roughly between .05mm and .25mm, which is the thickness of 1-5 sheets of office paper. Layers that are thinner or thicker do not seem to crack. Glossy acrylic mediums and gels are associated with the most cracking in lean oil layers applied on top.”

    elizabeth le brun-madame daguesseau de fresnes-closeup detail-1789-veronica winters art blog
    elizabeth le brun-madame daguesseau de fresnes-closeup detail-1789-veronica winters art blog

    Prevention

    So use three layers of gesso to paint with oils or acrylics. If you oil paint over acrylics, wait for 3 days to do so, then use the oil painting medium ( linseed oil) to dilute the oil paint some. And don’t paint over glossy acrylic mediums/ products! The oil paint doesn’t stick to the surfaces that are too smooth or glossy.

    1. Frame art with real wood frames that provide lots of support. Use cross braces if oil paintings are large to prevent twisting and warping of stretcher bars.

    2. Keep your room temperature & humidity levels stable.

    3. Avoid strong, direct light or sunlight. Oil paintings may fade, especially if they were painted with cheap oil paints.

    4. Panels provide a much better support than canvas. Aluminum, wood panels, copper panels, etc.

    5. Ask the art dealer, gallery owner or artist how art has been kept before you take possession of it. Inspect the art yourself looking at the back of canvas as well as at the front. If canvas has small holes they could be fixed by gluing a piece of canvas on the back.

    6. One more thing, don’t hang original art in bathrooms. Moisture, temperature and high humidity may change in these rooms several times a day as you take a shower or bath leading to fast deterioration of oil paintings.

    Art collecting is a lot of fun. Just be aware of the problems that could arise with paintings and make informed decisions buying oil paintings. Are you a collector of art? Share your experiences: nika@veronicasart.com

    Check out visionary art for sale


    To read more:

    https://veronicasart.com/fixatives-varnishes-what-you-need-to-know-to-preserve-your-art/

    Art Collecting 101: 7 ways to display art beautifully at home & office

    How do you display art? While being an art collector may sound too serious, many of us have paintings at home. They may be small or by the unknown artists, gifts or simple prints that decorate our spaces. So we want to hang them prominently to add beauty and peace to our homes. There are several effective ways to display your art collection at home and office.

    What’s to consider in wall art display

    When you want to hang your painting, consider the following parameters:

    #1 Consider the wall space size to make a statement with large art.

    Large painting should take the majority of wall space in a room’s center. The art should have some of the colors seen in the room. Give one prominent art piece all the space it needs. Arrange other paintings around it.

    Virtual walls interior illustrates how strong colors of the walls complement the drawing’s hues. the art takes most of the wall space above the couch.

    Don’t place small artwork too high on a large wall

    One big mistake people make is placing small artwork too high on a large wall, so it gets lost in the space. Consider hanging one large painting instead. It should take up most of your wall space. It’s easy to determine the length of the painting by measuring the length of your sofa. Art should take 3/4 of its length.

    wall art displays-veronica winters

    #2 Painting’s size. Display art in multiples or in tight arrangements.

    You’re not doomed, if you have small paintings. Small art works great in intimate spaces with small walls in a corridor or kitchen, or in a cozy guest room. Small art can also be a part of multiples arrangement.

    how to frame art on canvas
    Art display in an arrangement where every painting has a unique frame and size.

    Zena Holloway, the Directed Art Modern at the art fair | This is a different kind of art display where photographs have equal arrangement on the right that balances out one vertical piece on the left.

    #3 Other wall art display ideas

    Consider other displays shown below.

    This is a gallery wall display at an art fair that shows multiple paintings hung on one wall. Notice that they have identical framing, size and theme. Two large paintings balance the small ones in the middle of art wall display.
    Pitti Palace art-Florence. Look at this exuberant wall art display of paintings that have different size, frame and format. Notice that gold is the unifying element in this wall art arrangement.
    interior space-veronica winters art

    #4 Let main colors of the painting “connect” with the hues of your home accents

    Color harmony. Color harmony is important in every space. Usually, if you have light and neutral walls, almost any artwork would fit into the room beautifully. Sometimes walls might have strong colors, and it’s tricky to find the right painting for it. Your chosen painting should echo some of the hues you already have in the space. Yet, sometimes it works great when strong colors of the wall complement the main color in the painting.

    how to display art in interior space
    A commissioned triptych at the art collector’s home in Pennsylvania. Let few colors of the painting “connect” with the hues of your home accents (curtains, pillows, vases, lamps). Art should take 3/4 of its length. The space was quite big and we decided to make 3 – 36”panels to fill the wall space properly. Notice how colors in the painting tie in with the furniture and decorum of this living room.

    #5 Don’t mix gold and silver accents in one room

    Try not to mix gold and silver (frames, chandeliers, furniture and accents) in one room. It’s overwhelming visually.

    Abbotsford house | This beautiful room has a color play of green-reds mixed with some gold accents. Gold frames add opulence to one of the rooms in the castle of Sir Walter Scott, the 19th century novelist and ‘Great Scott’ who saved the Scottish banknote and rediscovered his country’s Crown Jewels.

    #6 If you have an art show…

    If you have an art show, hang you wall art at the 57-inch level.

    how to display art

    #7 Frame art well

    Think how the frame style complements both your art and interior space. Do you have contemporary, white space with clean lines and minimalist appearance or do you like baroque-inspired rooms? Framing should reflect your aesthetic to have coherent look.

    John Duncan 1866-1945, Scottish artist, St.Bride,1913 | This ornate frame is a perfect extension for this beautiful artwork.
    Jan van Eyck, Portrait of a man, 1433 | Gold frame complements the skin tones in the portrait and contrasts the dark background.

    Check out this extensive blog post about framing here: https://veronicasart.com/how-to-frame-art-on-paper-and-on-canvas/

    Check out visionary art for sale

    If you’re interested in my Colored Pencil Techniques video course, visit: Veronica Winters Art School

    20 paintings of angels & more veronica winters

    Traveling through art history: 20 brilliant paintings of angels & more

    20 Famous Paintings of Angels & more

    William-Adolphe Bouguereau, The Queen of the angels or The Virgin with angels, closeup, 285 cm (112.2 in)x 185 cm (72.8 in), 1900, Paris

    In this article I’d like to share some of the most beautiful paintings of angels created throughout art history and why I love every one of them! But first, let’s talk about the hierarchy of angels.

    paintings of angels

    Hierarchy of Angels

    Believe-it-or-not, angels also have their hierarchy! At least that’s how the Church saw them painted throughout art history. In large scale paintings many angels were often painted in tiers while there is only one archangel Gabriel who appears to the virgin Mary in the “Annunciation” paintings. There are a lot of Annunciation paintings! The angel comes down to announce that Mary is going to be pregnant with Christ. He carries the white lily that symbolizes Mary’s purity.

    There are 9 rows /orders of angels painted in tiers. according to Joost Joustra who decodes paintings of angels in a video at the National Gallery of Art in London ( https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/stories/a-curated-look-angels?utm_source=wordfly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NG_2020June_Newsletter_NM&utm_content=version_A ) The very bottom tier consists of angels, then archangels, and principalities. They have human form and become the messengers to humans. The second tier consists of powers, virtues and the dominions. The third, top tier consists of baby-like angels – thrones, cherubims, and seraphims that often surround Mary and Christ in Heaven. (Source: National Gallery, London)


    Bermejo (1440-1498), Spanish (Jewish)

     Bartolomé Bermejo, 'Saint Michael Triumphs over the Devil', 1468
    Bartolomé Bermejo, ‘Saint Michael Triumphs over the Devil’,
    1468, the National gallery, London

    Bermejo was one of the most influential painters in the 15th century Spain and very few works are known to exist to our day. Recently restored, this beautiful painting is on view at the National Gallery of Art in London.

    Archangel Michael wears golden suit of shiny tournament armor decorated with beautiful jewels. Realistically painted precious stones, fabric textures, incredible details, angel’s scale and colorful wings clearly show the influence of the Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck (one of the artists shown below).

    Bermejo conveys slender St. Michael jumping into action to defeat the Devil. Realistically painted, bright, floating fabric crosses the picture at a diagonal to create movement. Calm, stylized face has the female features – full, red lips, soft jawline and thin, round eyebrows.

     Bartolomé Bermejo, 'Saint Michael Triumphs over the Devil', 1468
    Bartolomé Bermejo, ‘Saint Michael Triumphs over the Devil’, 1468, close up of the monster

    When we stop staring at the incredible armor boots decorated with pearls and precious stones, we turn our gaze to the red-eyed monster that consists of different animal parts – a second face body, snakes, reptilian heads and tail, butterfly wings and bird-like back legs. These wings suggest that the monster is a fallen angel.

    Fra Filippo Lippi (1406-1469), Italian

    Fra Filippo Lippi painting of angel
    Fra Filippo Lippi, Annunciation, close up of angel, 1449-1459, tempera on wood, National Gallery, London| By Filippo Lippi – This file was derived from:  Fra Filippo Lippi.jpg:Author of derivative work: Fulvio314, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27581843

    The friar lived in a monastery all his life and painted Christian imagery for the churches and prominent families in Italy. This painting was commissioned by the Medici family to hang in their palazzo in Florence. What I love about this painting is the angel’s peacock feather wings. Beautiful black-gold feathers appear on the angel’s shoulders as well. Gabriel is a boy in this painting.

    We often see the white lily in the Christian art paintings as these flowers represent the Virgin Mary’s purity who ascended into the Heaven.

    Fra filippo lippi the_annunciation_ 1435 tempera on panel 39 by 63in_closeup of angel
    Fra Filippo Lippi, the annunciation, 1435 tempera on panel 39 by 63in, closeup of angel, the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

    Here is another painting’s close up of the angel painted by Lippi. The face looks less naturalistic but the peacock feather wings are super detailed.

    barberini palace art FILIPPO LIPPI annunciation 1435 oil on wood-blog
    Filippo Lippi, Annunciation, closeup of a painting in the Barberini palace, Rome, 1435, oil on wood

    Fra Angelico (1395 –1455), Italian

    fra angelico_angel closeup_annunciation_paintings of angels
    Fra Angelico, Annunciation of Cortona, tempera on panel, closeup of angel

    Fra Angelico was a Dominican friar who created altarpieces in Cortona, Florence and other towns in Italy. “Angelic” was his nickname for high moral virtues he exhibited in his daily life. Influenced by the classical school of altar painting, his iconic-like figures are wrapped up in beautiful fabrics with golden accents. This angel is frozen in action thrusting forward to deliver the message. Colorful wings, golden words and the halo celebrate the divine nature of the figure.

    Michelangelo Caravaggio (1571–1610), Italian

    caravaggio angel violin
    Michelangelo Caravaggio, Rest on the Flight into Egypt 1597, close up of angel

    The Italian Baroque artist was a highly influential painter who left incredible artistic legacy. Caravaggio is responsible for the creation of an entirely new movement after his death – the ‘candle light painters.’ Caravaggio began his career as a very poor young man but he quickly rose to prominence painting for the royalty and the wealthy in Rome and beyond.

    The_Inspiration_of_Saint_Matthew_by_Caravaggio
    The Inspiration of Saint Matthew by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571-1610), the Contarelli chapel in Rome

    The artist was the innovator on so many levels using regular, often poor people as his models to depict stories from the Bible. His beautiful paintings have unusual compositions, high contrast, and naturalism. Caravaggio painted realistically, showing strong drawing skills. Look at the perfect contour lines of the legs and arms! The artist mastered human facial expressions as well as the light in perfectly-painted skin tones. And the angels’ wings look as real as the ones of a bird. In his paintings, fluid fabric creates movement, visual interest, and balance.

    Jan van Eyck (1390-1441), Belgium

    Jan_van_Eyck-The_Annunciation_paintings of angels
    Jan van Eyck, The Annunciation, 1434, the National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.

    The Netherlandish artist (currently Belgium) Jan van Eyck is one of my favorite painters. This painting was part of a triptych and carries a lot of symbolism recorded in the interior space of the church. (Read about this painting here: https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.46.html )

    While the artist’s figures are often out of scale in comparison to the architecture, and his use of linear perspective is intuitive, van Eyck’s incredible realism of painted textures and faces is fantastic! I learned a lot from his work studying painted jewelry, fabric, and other details. He is the greatest artist of late Gothic Northern Europe.

    paintings of angels van Eyck
    Jan van Eyck, The Annunciation, close up, 1434

    The archangel wears an elaborate crown and bright red attire matching the ornate quality of colorful wings. Notice that Gabriel smiles delivering his message to Mary, which is quite unusual.


    Not only can you appreciate these paintings, but you can also use elements from the paintings to make customized Metal Pins for commemoration or collection.

    Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian

    Leonardo da Vinci_virgin of the rocks Louvre & London
    Leonardo da Vinci, “the virgin of the rocks” in Louvre & London

    The Virgin of the Rocks (1483–1486 & before 1508) are two variants of similar paintings displayed in London and Paris. They do differ in many ways including how they were painted. Also in the Louvre painting the angel’s hand points at St. John the Baptist.

    In the London version (right) the top color layers of paint wore of of their faces revealing a lot of black-and-white painting (underpainting). That’s why the angel in particular lacks the vibrancy of colors painted in greys and browns. Only his cloak reveals some blue-yellow hues. Yet the angel looks absolutely stunning and ethereal. This is fascinating because you can reverse-engineer the da Vinci’s oil painting technique.

    da vinci_virgin of the rocks_angel detail, paintings of angels
    da Vinci, the Virgin of the rocks, angel (painting close up), oil on panel, National Gallery, London

    I love the rotation of this angel’s head and the delicate curls in his hair. Young face appears androgynous with large, serene eyes, full lips and a narrow chin. The clothing is also more elaborate than in the Louvre version with intricate pattern running across the shoulder and body. Fused with the body, grey-brown wings have no color layers left but feel very real nonetheless.

    A close up of painting showing the first artwork by da Vinci – the angel Gabriel, Florence

    Botticelli (1445-1510), Italian

    Madonna of the Pomegranate (1487), tempera on panel, Sandro Botticelli
    Madonna of the Pomegranate (1487), tempera on panel, Sandro Botticelli

    Italian artist, Sandro Botticelli was born in Florence. He trained in the workshops of Filippo Lippi and Verrocchio – two prominent Italian artists. Botticelli met young Leonardo da Vinci in the Verrocchio’s workshop and while their art styles are different, all these artists (Botticelli, Lippi, da Vinci, Verrocchio) have a few things in common, such as thoughtful compositions, great anatomy skills, graceful position of figures, painting of wavy hair and realistically painted fabric. Like most artists, Botticelli produced religious art for churches and prominent families. The frame for this painting consists of blue-gold lilies – the symbol of Florence where he worked most of his life.

    Madonna of the Pomegranate (1487), tempera on panel, Sandro Botticelli closeup
    Madonna of the Pomegranate (1487), tempera on panel, Sandro Botticelli closeup

    When we look at the artist’s body of work, we see no real difference in painted faces. Madonnas and Venus look about the same and even male faces appear very similar to the female ones. The skin tones also have a very limited color palette and hardly have any color temperature shifts from warm to cool that artists often use to paint the skin realistically. He relies on graceful lines to describe the figures. This stylized, icon-like approach to painting portraits becomes his signature art style.

    If Madonna gets up, her body is very tall in comparison to the surrounding angels. The baby’s body is also unnaturally large. It happened because some artists used the convex and concave mirrors in Flemish art, during the Renaissance and beyond (think 16th-century Mannerism). Artists used mirrors to see how to “compress” a large number of figures into a small, often round panel. This distortion magnifies the importance of Mary and child and also brings angels in a tight semi-circle around the main figures. The roses also have this unusual compression. Botticelli paints the angels with beautiful rotations of heads looking in different directions as they’re speaking to each other that makes this painting dynamic and naturalistic. Angels hold white lilies and roses – the symbols of Mary’s purity. The Pomegranate is a symbol of Resurrection (Source: The Great Masters of European Art, Franci, p.109).

    Vernet (1789-1863), French

    Vernet, Horace. angel of death, 1789-1863_hermitage
    Vernet, Horace, Angel of death, 1851, oil on canvas, 57×44″, the Hermitage (image copyright the Hermitage)

    French artist Vernet doesn’t belong to the league of top artists. He mostly painted battle scenes disliking Academic painting. This oil painting is very different from his other works. I love the glow emanating from the female figure taken away by the dark angel behind her. Young woman almost slides into the angel’s hands. She is painted at a diagonal to create dynamic composition fitting the praying man by her death bed.

    Thayer (1849-1921), American

    angel painting thyer
    Abbott Handerson Thayer, Angel, 1887, oil on canvas, 36×28″, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C.

    You can find Abbott Handerson Thayer’s art at the Smithsonian museum in Washington D.C. He painted a lot of angels using family as his inspiring models. This is a portrait of his daughter Mary. I like how free his painting feels. Painterly and unfinished on the edges, the figure uncrosses her arms creating a triangle – a widely used composition in Renaissance art. Covered in white robe, this beautiful angel has ethereal facial expression that’s neither dramatic nor too sweet. White wings are so soft, I want to reach out to touch them. This painting looks very contemporary rooted in traditions of classical painting.

    Abbott Handerson Thayer, Stevenson Memorial, 1903, oil on canvas, Smithsonian
    Abbott Handerson Thayer, Stevenson Memorial, 1903, oil on canvas, Smithsonian American Art Museum

    “Apart from the title, our only clue to the subject of this work is the inscription ​“VAEA,” the name of the mountain in Samoa where Robert Louis Stevenson is buried. Stevenson’s poetic tales of men at war with themselves had dazzled Abbott Handerson Thayer, whose own life was marked by exaltation and despair. And, like the Scotsman’s most memorable characters, the Stevenson Memorial carries a hidden story. Underneath this image is an earlier composition, a portrait of Thayer’s three children that he had painted as a tribute to Stevenson’s A Child’s Garden of Verses. But Thayer painted over this with the figure of an angel to convey a more encompassing, personal grief. The artist’s wife had died in 1891, and his many paintings of angels created thereafter suggest the mysteries of life, death, and the fate of the spirit.

    The luminous angel shown here, seated at Stevenson’s tomb, is an emblem of memory, a light against oblivion. Just as Thayer’s love for his wife survived in the image of their children, Stevenson’s fame would live on in his works.”

    Exhibition Label, Smithsonian American Art Museum, 2006

    Winged Figure,1889, Abbott Handerson Thayer, American, 1849–1921.
    “I have put on wings probably more to symbolize an exalted atmosphere … where one need not explain the action of his figures.”

    Canova ( 1757-1822), Italian

    Antonio Canova, Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss, 1794-1799, Louvre version

    Incredibly talented Italian neoclassical sculptor, Antonio Canova created two versions of this sculpture. “Psyche revived by cupid’s kiss” are located in the Louvre and the Hermitage. (One of the copies is at the Met.) The artist captures Cupid, god of Love, in the moment of kissing lifeless Psyche waking her up.

    According to the Roman writer Apuleius, Cupid’s mother, the goddess Venus, envious of Psyche’s beauty, sent her into the Underworld to get a vessel with Proserpina’s beauty ointment. Although Venus told Psyche not to open the bottle, Psyche did and fell asleep. Only the kiss of Cupid revived his lover.

    Since ancient times Psyche has been depicted with butterfly wings. This is a reference to the dual meaning of her name, Psukhē, in Greek: soul and butterfly. Thus did the butterfly become the symbol of the immortality of the soul. The story of Psyche symbolizes the ordeals the soul must undergo in order to achieve happiness and immortality (Source: the Louvre | https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010091976).

    Antonio Canova, Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss, 1794-1799
    Antonio Canova, Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss, 1794-1799, marble, closeup, the Hermitage version (height: 148 cm; length: 172 cm, Acquisition date: Entered the Hermitage in 1926 | the Hermitage version was originally commissioned by Prince Yusupov. The sculpture decorated one of his rooms in the Arkhangelskoye country home (outside Moscow).

    I love this sensual sculpture for highly artistic presentation on the theme of love. Two life-like figures interlock the arms creating a circular movement, asking the viewer to gaze at their perfectly carved, graceful figures. Clearly inspired by classical antiquity, Canova emphasizes line quality, balance and circular movement in his unique design. He creates brilliant composition where two marble figures interlock and rotate creating ascending triangle. This dynamic movement is characteristic for romanticism. (Images are taken from wikipedia & the Louvre museum websites.)

    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, 1793, louvre-veronica winters art blog
    Canova, Cupid and Psyche, marble sculpture, 1793, Louvre, photo: Veronica Winters

    William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905), French

    Bouguereau is one of my favorite painters for his unbelievable knowledge of anatomy in oil painting. Most contemporary realist artists study Bouguereau’ paintings, especially how he handled the depiction of skin tones. He captures figures with perfection and grace, reveling enormous undertaking in preparatory work. His compositions show thorough knowledge of classical art and revolve around diagonals, triangles and curving lines that let us enter and travel around the painting. There is perfection and balance between shapes, curves, and diagonals in every oil painting. The artist was prolific and hardworking, spending most of his time locked in the studio painting. He is often criticized for his lighthearted subject matter painting “boring” classical nudes and stories from Greco-Roman mythology. However, such critics don’t understand the artist’s unique talents in handling color, composition and human anatomy.

    Psyche abduct_By William-Adolphe Bouguereau
    Psyche abduction, By William-Adolphe Bouguereau
    Bouguereau_first_kiss
    Bouguereau, First Kiss, oil on canvas, 1890, private collection. By William-Adolphe Bouguereau (Unknown source, Probably Art Renewal Center, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=515543)

    In the previous painting we see winged lovers flying across the sky. It’s not the only painting he created on the theme. For instance, in this painting William Bouguereau portrays Cupid and Psyche as very young children to highlight their innocence. In both paintings the butterfly wings adorn Psyche while Cupid has white, bird-like wings. In these paintings the artist creates dynamic compositions with movement and balance of every body part. This sensibility to beauty is rare to see in contemporary art.

    William-Adolphe_Bouguereau_The_Virgin_With_Angels
    William-Adolphe Bouguereau, The Virgin With Angels, oil on canvas, 1900

    François GÉRARD (1770-187), French

    gerard psyche and cupid kiss
    François GÉRARD, Psyche and Cupid (1798), Oil on canvas, H. 1.86 m; L. 1.32 m, Paris, Musée du Louvre | (image:wikimedia commons)

    This neoclassical painting was completed by one of David’s students – Gerard. Neoclassical art is characterized by smooth, unseen brushwork, the perfection of human form and classical compositions. David was a father figure in the revival of classical painting that became the 19th century neoclassicism art movement.

    gerard cupid and psyche kiss
    François GÉRARD, Psyche and Cupid (1798), Oil on canvas, Paris, Musée du Louvre, close up (image:wikimedia commons)

    François Gerard gives his interpretation of the myth when yet unseen Cupid kisses Psyche surprising her. Both the butterfly (hence the butterfly wings in Bouguereau’s paintings) and the name Psyche means “soul”. So the artist depicts unity of the divine love and human soul (Source: De Vergnette François, Louvre).

    I absolutely love the artist’s keen sensibility to depict a sensual touch. Cupid’s hand gracefully wraps around Psyche as he barely touches her. The perfection is in every part of this artwork – soft skin tones, balanced composition, perfect anatomy, realistic fabric, curly hair and beautiful wings, of course! This idealization of forms was criticized by the contemporaries but I think it was the very aim of the artist in his portrayal of pure love.

    Raphael (1483-1520), Italian

    Italian artist & architect, Raphael is the third artist of High Renaissance in Italy (Together with Michelangelo and da Vinci they formed the epitome of artistic excellence in the early 16th-century Italy). Raphael was a dashing young man who also had an easy going personality. Coupled with his talent, his persona helped him receive a constant stream of commissions from royalty including the two Popes. Raphael organized a large-scale workshop with numerous students and craftsmen fulfilling commissioned art. Although he died at the 37 years of age, he left an impressive artistic legacy, producing a large body of work with most of it located in the Vatican. Raphael incorporated the influences of his peers – da Vinci and Michelangelo to produce religious art and portraiture.

    RAFAEL the sistine madonna angels
    Raphael, Two Cherubs (detail of the Sistine Madonna), (c.1512 -1514), Oil on panel. 265 x 196 cm. Gemäldegalerie, Germany

    This is a closeup of the altarpiece commissioned by Pope Julius in 1512 that features classical, triangular composition with the Sistine Madonna and Child floating on the clouds and two kneeling saints below them. These two cherubs were painted at the very bottom of the painting and look very different from the rest. They’re bored and curious, and remind us of little kids rather than idealized, divine creatures.

    Ca’ d’ Oro palace

    cadoro painting of angel
    Ca’ d’ Oro palace, Venice, painting of angel, close up

    What I love about this painting that I photographed at the Ca’ d’Oro palace in Venice is the angel’s frontal position. The angel faces us and it almost feels like he is going to speak to the viewer.

    Florence
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    John Duncan 1866-1945, Scottish

    John Duncan 1866-1945 scottish_st.bride 1913 paintings of angels
    John Duncan 1866-1945 | Scottish national gallery, St.Bride, 1913
    Scottish national gallery
    John Duncan 1866-1945 (Scottish), St.bride 1913 detail | Scottish National Gallery
    John Duncan (1866-1945), Scottish, St. bride, 1913

    Duncan studied art in Scotland, England and Belgium to settle in Edinburgh in 1892. The artist represents the Celtic Revival movement in Scottish art and his illustrative style looks innovative even today. This colorful painting looks like it’s made of collaged pieces as religious symbols, and even the ornate frame mimic’s the artist’s unique style.

    “According to the legend of the Irish Saint Bride she was transported miraculously to Bethlehem to attend the nativity of Christ. Here two angels carry the white robed saint across the sea. The seascape reflects Duncan’s fascination with the Outer Hebrides and the Isle of Iona. The birds and seal provide an effective naturalistic foil for the supernatural angels overlapping the patterned border. Scenes from the life of Christ decorate the angel’s robes, and may include the artist’s self-portrait as the tiny clown (a holy fool) accompanying the procession of the magi on the leading angel’s gown. ” (Source: Scottish National Gallery)

    Angel, Salamanca, Spain
    Virgin and Child with Four Angels by Gerard David, Netherlandish, ca. 1510–15, On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 636, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436102

    “Gerard David, the leading painter in Bruges in the late fifteenth century, followed the legacy of Jan van Eyck. In this painting, he has taken the Virgin and Child from his predecessor’s well-known Virgin and Child at the Fountain, but modernized the composition by placing the figures in a grand arched porch flanked by columns with Italianate capitals, against the skyline of contemporary Bruges. A Carthusian monk is seen strolling and reading in the enclosed garden, suggesting that the painting was linked to the former monastery at Genadedael, just outside the city walls of Bruges.”-description taken from the Met

    Virgin and Child with Four Angels by Gerard David, closeup, ca. 1510–15, On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 636
    paintings of angels
    Hans Memling, the Annunciation, 1465, closeup of the angel, on view at the Met http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437490

    Hans Memling painted realistic textures and details in a similar style of van Eyck. The composition is based on a design by Rogier van der Weyden where he probably was an apprentice before establishing himself in Bruges in 1465.

    Coderch and Malavia-ALIS VOLAT PROPRIIS-sculpture-art fair miami 2023
    Contemporary art art Art Fair Miami 2023 | Coderch and Malavia, ALIS VOLAT PROPRIIS, sculpture, photo: V Winters
    Raffael Sanzio, Saint Michael Vanquishing Satan, oil painting

    My art inspired by the paintings of angels

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Create, colored pencil drawing, 19×25 inches
    Divine Spirit, 24×36″ oil on canvas panel
    messenger angel
    Messenger, colored pencil drawing with glitter and resin, 16×20 inches, unframed

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    Did you like these paintings of angels? What is your favorite? Do you have other paintings of angels that you love? If you love this article, share it on social media. So more people see beautiful art.

    All art is copyrighted by respective artists and museums. All art is used for educational purposes only.

    How to draw textures in colored pencil realistically

    How to draw realistic textures in colored pencil

    Step-by-step realistic colored pencil drawing of a donut

    To learn realistic colored pencil drawing techniques, you must consider:

    • drawing your subject and shapes correctly
    • understanding the difference between color and value in colored pencil drawing
    • making even shading
    • making creative compositions
    • understanding how the light turns the form

    A full step by step demonstration of 10 donuts is part of my most recent art book The Colored Pencil Manual as well as my video course Complete Colored Pencil Techniques in 90 days.

    veronica winters colored pencil drawing
    Realistic colored pencil drawing tutorial: I spent about 5 hours drawing each donut and more than eight hours shading the background in this 12” x 14” drawing!

    In this colored pencil drawing demonstration I don’t focus on basic drawing techniques but explain how to do shading, texture and color harmony. While I lay out the drawing sequence of every donut, the artwork is completed by filling in the background first and then layering one color at a time while working on all donuts simultaneously.

    By shading the background first, I create instant contrast to work against drawing the donuts.
    It took a considerable creative effort to make this arrangement of donuts for the photoshoot. I wanted to balance every texture, color, and shape in one composition.

    Art supplies:

    • Prismacolor Premier colored pencils unless noted;
    • kneaded eraser
    • tracing paper (optional)
    • Grumbacher final fixative, for dry media, matte
    • a large sheet of printmaking paper, light gray (it can be replaced with Stonehenge Multi pad color either pearl grey or fawn). This project was completed on a very light gray printmaking paper that often doesn’t read as such in photography. It has minimal texture and the colors tend to blend on their own without employing additional blending techniques.
    • Color wheel – optional
    • The Color Chart is separate for each donut. In this example some of the textures are created with varied stroke applications, and Sakura Pentouch marker.
    Sakura Pen-touch to place the brightest highlights. This pen can be replaced with another white marker of your choice.
    how to draw in colored pencil on stonehenge
    Stonehenge multi pad

    Basic colors:

    Prismacolor Premier colored pencils unless noted;

    1. Terra Cotta 2. Sienna Brown 3. Mineral Orange 4. (Pablo) Yellow 5. White 6. Henna 7. Artichoke 8. Chartreuse 9. Yellow Ochre 10. Yellow Orange 11. 70% Cool Grey 12. Pumpkin Orange 13. Yellow Chartreuse

    step by step colored pencil drawing of donut_veronica winters
    Reference (top) with a color chart and step-by-step colored pencil drawing of a donut

    Step 1

    Tap all graphite lines with the kneaded eraser. It’s a light donut and graphite will show up once you begin shading. Begin drawing out the rotation of each fold with either terra cotta or sienna brown. While the color looks reddish here, it’s actually a warm brown that the author suggests you use for shading.

    Step 2

    Once you place the background colors (see the last two steps for instruction), you set the contrast to begin working on the donut. With a sharp point, place random white spots and shade around them with Pablo yellow. Add mineral orange into the brown to warm up the color.

    Step 3

    With every new step, you keep defining the edges to preserve the correct rotation and clarity in each section. You also work in short, directional strokes on every section to create volume. For that you need to keep rotating your drawing paper as you shade, so the strokes wrap around the forms and don’t become too linear.
    Define the brown edges with henna and fill them in with this color in light pressure. Add warm, light greens—chartreuse and artichoke—shading around the yellow to create value transitions between the dark (browns) and the light (white). You shade from white to yellow to chartreuse to artichoke. After that the shapes turn to orange-brown shadows (that you’ve already done).

    Step 4

    Once the basic pattern of light and shade is in place, you can add variations to the colors seen in the light. The artist shades with yellow ochre, yellow orange, pumpkin orange, chartreuse, and Pablo yellow. Most of the time it is simply layering the same colors over and over again until the right contrast and volume are achieved. Add 70% cool gray into the form shadow in every section.
    Texture: Reinforce the texture with white for small dots in the light and add just a few tiny highlights on the left side with the Sakura PenTouch

    step by step drawing_donut veronica winters
    Finished realistic colored pencil drawing of a donut

    Don’t forget to use a final fixative on your colored pencil drawing. Spray it outdoors in a low-humidity environment. Wear a mask to protect yourself from harmful vapor.

    Sign up to my mail list for art tips and news or visit the video courses page if you’d like to take your colored pencil drawing to the next level!

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
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    ow to use graphite transfer paper for drawing and painting

    How to use graphite transfer paper to trace your outlines in drawing and painting

    Most realist artists use this drawing technique to have a perfect and clean outline drawing. There are several old-fashioned ways of image transfer like the oil transfer, charcoal powder transfer, etc. I find that using graphite transfer paper is the most efficient way of transferring your designs on paper and canvas. The image looks clean and clear.

    You must have perfect outlines to begin drawing realistically.  When your drawing is complex, it requires sketching, erasing, and sketching again. It ruins the paper’s surface that must stay nice and clean for even shading in graphite or colored pencil. That’s why I often sketch my idea on a separate piece of paper that matches my canvas (or drawing) size to transfer these outlines onto my drawing paper. This image transfer technique was called “cartoon drawings” by the old masters. Classical painters spent weeks doing studies and drawings before transferring them onto panels and canvases.

    How to use transfer paper to trace your outline drawing

    You need the graphite transfer paper for precise tracing of your lineart or cartoon drawing. If your art is very complex and you wish to keep the working surface clean, use this technique for your advantage.

    Graphite Transfer paper brands and features

    Saral Graphite Transfer Paper

    how to use transfer paper
    • Comes in 5 colors! Blue, yellow, graphite, white red
    • Saral transfer rolls are wax-less, non-toxic, and do not contain acid. The paper allows you to transfer your design from a sketch, pattern, template or by hand to almost any surface. May be used with acetate overlays, plastics and enamel, metal, cloth, wood, fabric, ceramic, canvas, stained glass, tole paintings, architectural work, scrapbooking, watercolor, fine art, and more.
    • Shows up equally well on light or dark surfaces.
    • 12 inch x 12 foot roll; comes in a roll (similar to a wax paper roll).

    Loew-Cornell Black and White Graphite Transfer Papers

    how to use transfer paper
    • Waxless, greaseless, smudge proof, erasable
    • Doesn’t bleed through paint, and it doesn’t smear.
    • Works for drawing and painting but not recommended for fabric and porous surfaces
    • Ideal for large projects due to its size. You can also cut it for smaller projects.
    • Reusable! I’ve been using my two sheets of graphite paper for years, and it still works fine!
    • Comes in as a single, large folded sheet of paper in one package. You need to buy two packages to have different colors. Package of 4 Sheets— Each sheet measures 9″ × 13″ | Single Sheet Package — One 18″ × 36″ sheet

    Royal & Langnickel® White Graphite Transfer Paper

    • It doesn’t smear, having no wax or grease
    • Comes in one 18 x 36 inch sheet of white graphite paper per package.
    • Erases similar to a pencil and is very similar to the Loew-Cornell transfer papers.

    How to use transfer paper in your art projects

     

    oil painting techniques step by step
    oil painting techniques still life with starfish and peacock feather

    I sketch out my drawing on a sketch paper and then transfer these outlines onto drawing paper using an HB graphite pencil or a ballpoint pen. You can replace the pen or pencil with a stylus if you want to preserve your original reference sketch/photo for future projects. Check out the Soft-Grip Embossing & Stylus Set Complete by Royal & Langnickel (3 Pack) for that.

    Is it cheating?

    A lot of artists, especially beginners skip the sketching step, transferring the image direct from a photo onto the drawing paper. While it’s totally possible, beware that many pictures have lens distortion that’s especially noticeable in anatomy and photos with linear perspective like cityscapes. So you end up transferring the distortion into your art.

    Also, you don’t learn basic drawing skills by simply transferring the image and not learning how to sketch it freehand. However, if your drawing skills are good, this drawing technique is very helpful speeding up the entire process.

    Pick the right color of the transfer paper for your project

    Basic steps in scratchboard art. In the first image you can see the use of white transfer paper on 5×7″ scratchboard. You can read about the scratchboard art here: https://veronicasart.com/how-to-start-scratchboard-art-tools-techniques-tips-to-make-fur-texture/

    For transferring designs to both white and dark paper white transfer paper is ideal. Also, use the white or yellow transfer paper for your watercolor painting. Black transfer paper’s line doesn’t erase completely and is not suitable for watercolor painting!

    Use black transfer paper with caution in your colored pencil drawing as well. I mostly use this black transfer paper for tracing my designs onto canvas/panels, and I often use white transfer paper for my colored pencil drawing, especially when I draw on colored paper because these white outlines show up well and blend with my subsequent shading. White graphite line will show up even on white paper, but you’ll have to observe your lines at a specific angle. I also love to use white graphite transfer paper to transfer my designs working on scratchboard art because the surface must be very clean!

    To buy the graphite paper

    • Amazon
    • JerrysArtarama
    • DickBlick
    • Michael’s & other craft stores
    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
    These art instruction books are on sale on Amazon!

    If you draw in colored pencil, I invite you to watch FREE previews of some of my lessons in my course titled “Veronica Winters complete colored pencil techniques in 90 days.”

    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/ Watch video lessons previews FREE!

    9 words of advice in painting and drawing that could change your life

    In this article I’d like to talk about the importance of positive mindset for artists and what I learned in my artistic career. I would give these words of advice to myself two decades ago when I decided to become an artist.

    1. Know your WHY

    1. Decide on your creative direction. Figure out what makes you do one thing day and night . Forever. Understand who you’re as a person and WHY you do what you do. In other worlds, find your PASSION.

    2. Have manageable goals

    Be clear on your specific goals. And break them down to small, manageable goals that can be written down in your calendar.

    3. Believe in yourself

    Believe in yourself and what you can achieve in your life. If you don’t believe in yourself, no one would. If you don’t believe in yourself, figure out why it’s the case and find solution to this problem.

    4. Connect with many people.

    Network. If you’re serious about your artistic career, don’t assume you can do it on your own. Help others. Help others to create reciprocity and friendships. Help doesn’t have to be big. Just give your time once in a while.

    5. Practice your craft daily!

    Practice your craft daily! There’s always room for improvement to polish your skill and vision. Never get lazy or complacent with your art. This is where magic really happens.

    6. Assume complete responsibility for your finances

    Assume complete responsibility for your finances. Figure out how to make money consistently as an artist. If you just keep an unrelated job, it will be hard to jump on the wagon to do art. What you can do is to find a job that relates to the arts. For example, if I wanted to be a museum specialist at some point, I’d find a job in the art museum. It helps in two ways. First, you get experience working there. Second, you get to know people and how the system works.

    Also, create multiple income streams that could include teaching, print sales, art sales, etc.

    7. Value your time

    Value your time and value yourself for who you’re. You can’t help everyone. Some take your gifts for granted. Let them go but actively search for your tribe of fans and art collectors. It’s all about finding perfect balance.

    8. Find a mentor

    Figure out what you want to learn and find a successful mentor in your field of study. This includes your education and school of choice. Don’t assume that every school gives the same skill set or the skills that you’re looking for. A lot of times you could simply find a professional and “live” in his/her studio for a few years learning not only the craft but also the business side of it.

    9. Don’t economize on your art supplies

    Don’t economize on your art supplies. Yes, be conservative and don’t waste your resources on the most expensive brush or canvas. But work with good art materials that cut on your frustration and yield better results. Develop a habit of creating Quality art.

    I used to buy large canvases from Michael’s and I regret it because the oil paint didn’t adhere to the surface properly. Crayola colored pencils don’t have the pigment, saturation and softness needed to do nice shading in drawing. Cheap varnish spray will ruin your drawing. You get the idea…

    Hope it’s helpful.

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    Abbotsford house review

    Abbotsford House explained in few words

    My birth was neither distinguished nor sordid.

    Sir Walter Scott
    Abbotsford house castle_view3
    Abbotsford house castle_view3
    Abbotsford house, photo by Veronica Winters

    About Sir Walter Scott

    Situated about an hour away from Edinburgh, Abbotsford house is the home of Sir Walter Scott, famous 19th-century Scottish poet, novelist, politician, judge and historian. The son of a city lawyer, he was born in Edinburgh’s Old Town in 1771. Scott spent a lot of time at his grandparents’ farm in the Scottish Borders where he acquired interests on old Scottish poetry, fairy-tales, history and ancient customs of the land. Scott grew up in a wealthy and loving family but it didn’t protect him from insanitary conditions in Edinburgh (just like elsewhere in Europe in that period). The boy had poor health and remained lame in his leg after his illness with polio. Most of his siblings died in infancy.

    abbotsford house castle
    Gardens of the Abbotsford house, built in 1824 in the 19th century Scottish Baronial style.

    Is it worth the visit?

    Yes, if you know that you can tour just the first floor of the entire castle! Although it was fun and educational, I wish I could walk around the castle and see more rooms, not just the first floor. At the entrance, you’ll receive a tour guide to learn more about history of this place and life of Sir Walter Scott. There is a luxury hotel inside the castle and it explains why tourists are limited to tour the first floor only. The garden grounds are open for visitors and they are beautiful! There are walking paths in the woodlands around Abbotford as well. So you may want to have an overnight stay at a luxury hotel and do some hiking/walking during summer to relax and enjoy the English countryside.

    abbotsford house UK_green room
    Abbotsford house, green room

    Writing

    Sir Walter Scott was a successful and popular novelist of the 19th-century Romanticism period, in which he combined history, politics and fiction. His books and poems include:

    • The Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805)
    • Minstrelsy of the Scottish Borders (1802)
    • Marmion (1808)
    • Lady of the Lake (1810)
    • Waverley (1814)
    • Along with Guy Mannering (1815)
    • The Antiquary (1816)
    • The Tale of Old Mortality (1816)
    • The Bride of Lammermoor (1819)
    • The Heart of Midlothian (1818)
    • Ivanhoe (1820).

    Library

    Sir Walter Scott amassed amazing collection of books. Nothing has been moved or claimed lost and it’s really neat to see these rare books carefully arranged in categories according to subject. Dark brown cupboards display these beautiful books without glass under metal lace covers, and the rooms containing the library are very dark and mysterious. The library displays Scott’s wide interests and reading habit to inspire his own writing.

    abbotsford house castle library
    Abbotsford house, library
    abbotsford house castle library
    Abbotsford house, build-in cupboards filled with rare books
    Scott’s book library with a staircase (left)
    chest at Abbotsford
    abbotsford house castle_interior2
    Abbotsford house, first floor interior view
    abbotsford house castle_interior3
    First floor interior view

    Location:

    The 120 acre estate, Abbotsford has walking paths around it in woodlands, which could be a pleasant hike in nice weather. The visitor center has the map with routes and storage facilities.

    Official website: https://www.scottsabbotsford.com/

    abbotsford house garden
    Abbotsford house gardens

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    5 Undeniable reasons to love Scottish National Gallery by veronica winters art blog

    5 Undeniable reasons to love Scottish National Gallery

    In this article I’d like to introduce you to a lesser known art gallery in the art world that offers some beautiful paintings including Scottish art. Its central location makes it a pleasant stroll from Edinburgh Old Town to the museum gallery in a nice weather. The National gallery is free, although it may charge you for some special exhibitions.

    Scottish national gallery
    John Duncan (1866-1945) St.bride, 1913, detail | Scottish National Gallery

    # 1 A mix of big names and beautiful paintings

    John Singer Sargent

    John Singer_Sargent_Lady_Agnew Scottish National Gallery
    John Singer Sargent, Lady Agnew of Lochnaw

    Although some famous artists like Sargent, Raphael, Hals, Gainsborough & Botticelli occupy the walls, it’s nice to see lesser known painters presented in the art museum as well. In a way, they run the show with art pieces of greater impact. The gallery opens with Sargent’s Lady Agnew of Lochnaw, and Hugo van der Goes’ Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland altarpiece, 1478. The art museum pleasantly surprises with some 19-th century epic paintings of colossal size produced in prints for the popular market at that time period.

    Thomas Gainsborough

    Thomas Gainsborough The Honourable Mrs Graham
    Thomas Gainsborough, The Honourable Mrs Graham (1757 – 1792) 1775 , painting close-up, Scottish National Gallery

    English portrait and landscape painter, Gainsborough had a successful career during his lifetime. Like Van Dyck, he painted royalty but also included imaginative English landscapes behind the figures. A rival of Reynolds, the artist was a founder member of the Royal Academy in 1768.

    The Honourable Mrs Graham is an amazing full-length portrait that features painterly brushwork and sophisticated shades of grey. Dressed in a beautiful gown, young woman exhibits elegance and confidence. Daughter of Baron Cathcart, she married the Perthshire landowner Thomas Graham and after her death, Graham passed the painting to her sister. It was bequeathed to the National Gallery by one of their descendants on condition that it never leaves Scotland.

    Sir Edwin Landseer

    The Monarch of the Glen by Sir Edwin Landseer 1851_Scottish national gallery
    The Monarch of the Glen, Sir Edwin Landseer, 1851, Scottish National Gallery

    Painted in the 19th century Romanticism era, this artwork almost overwhelms viewers with its powerful representation of majestic animal. Depicting a single deer as a symbol of the vastness and majesty of Scotland, this piece is huge, colorful and breathtaking when viewed in person. The oil painting was reproduced in prints, and achieved even greater success in the twentieth century used in marketing campaigns.

    #2 A great place for a family visit.

    You won’t be overwhelmed by endless corridors, galleries, and installations. The art museum is quite intimate that makes it easy to devote some quality time to cultural education and to introduce children to art.

    Sir Joshua Reynolds

    Sir Joshua Reynolds The Ladies Waldegrave 1780_detail_scottish national gallery
    Sir Joshua Reynolds, The Ladies Waldegrave, 1780, painting close up, Scottish National Gallery

    English artist, Sir Joshua Reynolds was a founding member of the Royal Academy of Arts and its first president. He painted portraits of royalty and nobility in classical tradition relying on strong compositions and referencing historical painting. Yet, his loose brushwork looks fresh and contemporary similar to Sargent.

    In a large-scale painting we see three sisters, the daughters of the 2nd Earl Waldegrave, busy working on some needlework. Expertly painted, the composition draws us in with figures carefully arranged in a semicircle, reminiscent of the Three Graces from antiquity.


    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
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    #3 Scottish artists

    John Duncan

    John Duncan (1866-1945), Scottish, St. bride, 1913

    Duncan studied art in Scotland, England and Belgium to settle in Edinburgh in 1892. The artist represents the Celtic Revival movement in Scottish art and his illustrative style looks innovative even today. This colorful painting looks like it’s made of collaged pieces as religious symbols, and even the ornate frame mimic’s the artist’s unique style.

    “According to the legend of the Irish Saint Bride she was transported miraculously to Bethlehem to attend the nativity of Christ. Here two angels carry the white robed saint across the sea. The seascape reflects Duncan’s fascination with the Outer Hebrides and the Isle of Iona. The birds and seal provide an effective naturalistic foil for the supernatural angels overlapping the patterned border. Scenes from the life of Christ decorate the angel’s robes, and may include the artist’s self-portrait as the tiny clown (a holy fool) accompanying the procession of the magi on the leading angel’s gown. “

    from the website of Scottish National Gallery

    William Bell Scott 

    William Bell Scott Una and the Lion_national scottish gallery
    William Bell Scott, Una and the Lion, Scottish National Gallery

    Influenced by the Pre-Raphaelites, William and his brother were trained as artists at the Trustees’ Academy in Edinburgh and worked for their father who was an engraver before becoming full-time artists.

    “Scott’s painting was inspired by Edmund Spenser’s sixteenth-century poem ‘The Faerie Queen’. In the poem, Una is the beautiful young daughter of a king and queen who have been imprisoned by a ferocious dragon. Una undertakes a quest to free her parents, but on her journey she encounters a fierce lion. The lion is so captivated by Una’s innocence and beauty that he abandons his plan to eat her, and vows instead to become her protector and companion. Scott shows Una gently resting her fingers in the lion’s terrific mane, as they make their way through the autumnal wood together.”

    from the website of Scottish National Gallery

    #4 Central location

    Museum’s central location makes it easy to get in and out. There is no standing in long lines (like going to the Castle).

    views of Edinburgh
    Views of Edinburgh from the Castle and central streets

    Francois-Xavier Fabre

    Francois-Xavier Fabre Portrait of a Man 1809_scottish national gallery
    Francois-Xavier Fabre, Portrait of a Man, 1809, Scottish National Gallery

    By looking at this painting of Fabre the influence of neoclassical painter Jacques-Louis David is clear. This portrait is exceptionally painted with masterful sense of color, light, and unseen brushwork (characteristic of the neoclassical painters). Unknown young man’s intense gaze is captivating and his fashionable clothes and hair are beautifully arranged into a simple, yet elegant composition. A pupil of David, the artist won the French Academy’s Rome Prize in 1787 and spent most of his life in Italy. Fabre was a very popular portrait and historic painter who was also an art collector! His art collection consists of 16-17th century Italian paintings housed in the Musée Fabre, Montpellier.

    # 5 Free of charge

    Free. You can’t beat that. Plus when I visited the exhibitions in the fall of 2019 part of the gallery was under construction. It would open with new galleries of Scottish art soon. That’s exciting! Open daily, 10am-5pm. Thursdays until 7pm. Location: The Mound, Edinburgh, Scotland. Check current hrs. and more here: https://www.nationalgalleries.org/visit/scottish-national-gallery

    Paul Delaroche

    Paul Delaroche_Study for the Head of Christ for La Madeleine_scottish national gallery
    Paul Delaroche, Study for the Head of Christ for La Madeleine, (Portrait of Eugène Buttura) 1834, Scottish national gallery

    Classically trained French artist Paul Delaroche painted scenes from French and English history. Delaroche served as a professor at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris where he trained many students including Couture and Gérôme. His two major, large-scale works include The Execution of Lady Jane Grey in the National Gallery in London and 27-meter long The Hemi-Cycle. This painting reminds of Raphael’s School of Athens, only here he depicts over seventy artists from various epochs caught in conversation.

    This small portrait of his friend Eugène Buttura proves the artist’s great knowledge of anatomy and oil painting technique. Wrapped up in his thoughts, the man appears lifelike. Man’s face baths in intriguing, soft light, pulling us in to know more about this person.

    Frans Hals_detail_scottish national gallery
    Frans Hals, painting closeup, Scottish National Gallery

    Other notable paintings:

    • Jan SteenA School for Boys and Girls About 1670 (Dutch)
    • Jan LievensPortrait of a Young Man About 1631 (Dutch), a contemporary and friend of Rembrandt
    • Jan van HuysumFlower Still Life with Bird’s Nest About 1718 (Netherlandish), excellent, famous still life painter of flowers.
    • Joseph Farquharson, Winter Day at Finzean 1901 (Scottish), famous painter of textures of snow
    • Sir Daniel MacneeA Lady in Grey, 1859 (Scottish), leading Scottish portrait painter
    • Paul Gauguin Vision of the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel), 1888 (French)
    • Raphael, Mary and Child, around 1507
    raphael

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    Art Collecting for beginners_ how to collect art like a pro by veronica winters

    Art Collecting for beginners: how to collect art like a pro

    Contemporary art is a Wild West. Because there is no clear standard or assessment of creative genius available today, it’s often puzzling and frustrating to see how some childish art may be valued for a lot more than a beautiful painting. Contemporary art collecting is a multi billion economy where some artists make it big and others struggle for good. If you’re new to the art collecting world and want to get some insight, let’s have a discussion here! As an artist, art collector, and educator, I’m going to outline several characteristics that affect artist’s popularity, pricing and more. I’ll discuss the value of collecting art prints and what to look for in art pieces. I’m not an art dealer or museum curator, therefore views are strictly my own that reflect my understanding of contemporary art.

    Copyright Rogan Brown, paper cuts | roganbrown.com

    Why buy original art

    There are many reasons why people collect art. It can be status, speculation, and love of art! I find that people collect American fine art simply because it’s their passion. They really love discovering new artists and following their careers. Art is an investment for many art collectors, especially the male ones. Primary goal is to invest in popular art that appreciates in value over time even more. Contemporary American art displayed at home shows taste and highlights luxury lifestyle. Another reason for art collecting may be to support the livelihood of contemporary artists. By doing so, you give them the opportunity to paint daily.

    Be clear on your goal. Do you want to collect art for pure joy, investment or patronage of the artist? It could be all of the reasons mentioned above or just one.

    Know what you like & what you want to invest in

    I think it’s super important to educate yourself in art history and contemporary art to make good art purchases. Relying on art advisers, art brokers or gallery directors alone is a mistake because you end up relying on someone else’s taste, while you’re the only person who would live with the art piece at home. It’s good to hear their opinion and reasons for or against the painting, but the the final purchase decision should be yours.

    last day of Pompeii detail Karl Bruillov
    The last day of Pompeii, oil painting detail by Karl Bruillov

    Study art history to figure out what you’re passionate about the most. Educate yourself in major art movements and artists of each time period. Understand the reasons why those artists got their fame. Figure out what time period interests you the most. Next, ask yourself if you favor old historic paintings or contemporary art. Do you like American fine artists or the Italian ones? Answers to these questions come with experience going to art exhibitions, museums, interaction with galleries and reading. It does take time and effort to develop taste and to distinguish between good and bad art.

    “Any dealer who says, ‘you have to buy it now or it’s going to be gone,’ I generally won’t do business with,” art collector & ambassador Sondland said in the 2016 interview. “I try to go back and visit it again because, in different moods, art interacts with you differently. And I might be in a manic mood, I might be in a great mood, I might walk in and look at the painting and say, ‘I want to buy that.’ But then the next day, I’ll go and look at the same painting and say, ‘what was I thinking? It doesn’t inspire me.’” You can read the article here: https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gordon-sondland-art-collection-1710738

    glass object venice pavilion 2017
    Glass vase at Venice pavilion, Venice biennial 2017
    Lorenzo Quinn hands sculpture in venice italy
    Lorenzo Quinn, sculpture of giant hands in Venice, Italy 2017 | This contemporary sculpture brings our attention to the climate change and rising seas. Venice experiences rising tides flooding the St. Marco square.

    Learn what makes a painting great:

    Great art has a message expressed beautifully. When it’s not heavy on concept or idea, paintings and sculptures can still be strong pieces visually. This is where you need to recognize Quality in art. By Quality I mean creativity/voice+artistic skill+technical skill+high-quality art supplies & presentation. Most importantly, good art generates emotional response that continues to grow on you every day. It could be a memory of a place or event, a combination of lines and color or something else. Emotional interaction with the piece is very personal.

    Below you’ll find several extensive articles about art history, movements and more:

    If you like American art and would like to collect fine artists of America, you can read the following articles here:

    How to start art collecting

    Scottish national gallery
    John Duncan (1866-1945) Scottish artist, St.bride, painting detail, 1913 |The Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland
    1. Collect what touches your soul. I often visit commercial galleries and notice that not every painting creates emotional response in me. Sometimes I see dead paintings. Other times I can admire the technique and I rarely see the piece that moves me in a profound way.
    2. Constantly educate yourself in the arts cultivating taste and aesthetics.
    3. Be on mail lists of your favorite art galleries, museums and artists.
    4. Attend receptions at galleries and auction houses. Make connections with professionals. Schedule studio visits with artists!
    5. Know the artist you’re purchasing from. I think when the connection is personal, art grows on you even more.
    6. If art collecting is a clear investment for you, research the artist on Sotheby’s or other art auction house to see a range of paintings available and at what price they sell. Price may vary considerably over time and in different gallery. It also may go up or down in value. Buy famous art from reputable sources like Christie’s or established blue chip art gallery to minimize cheating. If you like contemporary art, go to Artsy or Artnet to see the price range of your favorite living artist. A lot of established galleries don’t display pricing, intimidating possible collectors.
    7. You can negotiate pricing above $10,000.
    8. Art must be unique and have a signature of the artist along with the certificate of authenticity.
    9. If artists don’t have gallery representation, contact the artist directly. If the artist sells through the gallery, you should contact the manager/director/owner of the gallery asking to view and purchase the art. Artists abide by the rules and have a relationship with the gallery, not selling their paintings directly but bringing the clientele to the gallery.

    check out visionary art for sale


    What established artists have:

    Reclining mode by Karen LaMonte at the Smithsonian, Washington D.C.
    1. Unique style, meaning that you can instantly recognize the artist’s work among the rest.
    2. Education level. It’s not a requirement but it often plays into the level of artist’s work.
    3. Sales record/collections list. If artists have notable placement in art museums or prominent corporate collections, it raises the artist’s status.
    4. Artists work on their careers diligently. It’s not a hobby. Artists are often experts in their fields of study.
    5. Consistent pricing.
    6. Other achievements ( grant recipients, etc)

    Art posters: to buy or not to buy

    veronica winters art posters
    https://veronicasart.com/product-category/art-posters-for-sale/

    Art posters, open edition prints limited edition prints:

    Art posters (prints of original paintings, drawings, etc) give people a chance to decorate their homes on a budget. Art posters also give artists a chance to raise some cash when selling originals may be difficult.

    There are two types of art prints: limited edition and open edition. Open edition prints have no signature and are not numbered. So you have no way of knowing how many prints get printed. It could be just a few or 10k. It’s often doesn’t matter because it’s a nice way to bring art home and not to worry about the cost of owning the print. Open edition prints are affordable and make great art gifts.

    Limited edition prints are limited in number. Different sizes may have their own limited editions. (Say, a 5×10″ print could be an edition of 20, while an 18×24″ could be an edition of just 10 prints).

    A limited edition print must have artist’s signature and two numbers, like 1/500 (fist print in edition of 500). The smaller the number of prints, the more valuable the limited edition could be. Artist’s signature gives the series authentication. However, limited edition giclee prints are just computer reproductions. They don’t have much value unless it’s issued by a famous artist.

    Limited-edition, signed giclee prints may accrue value if they’re issued by a famous artist but in no way it would equal to the value of original art (purchase price + appreciation over time). As a rule, giclee prints don’t have that much value, original art is valuable, assuming it’s a good one.

    dali museum spain_lithography and sculpture_web
    Dali museum, Spain | lithographs and sculpture (left)

    Printmaking & lithography:

    Hand-pulled art prints have a lot more value. These are signed and numbered lithographs, intaglios, screen prints and other forms of printmaking when every print (in the limited edition) is hand-pulled by the artist. This is a very labor-intensive process that requires knowledge and skill to do it well technically assuming the artistry of the image itself is good.

    Lithographs get printed off of the stones. Silkscreens get printed off the silk screen. Intaglios are printed off of the metal plate. Andy Warhol made limited edition silkscreens. Rembrandt was a master printer, producing not only oil paintings but also intaglio prints. Lithographs are also inherently limited in number. They can be either black-and-white or in color. The process of hand-printing in color pulling the print through the press requires a considerable skill that’s often taught in art colleges. All hand-pulled prints must line up colors perfectly. They also must have even printing of colors, clean white borders and backing. All prints are numbered and signed by the artist.

    Andy Warhol silkscreen print seen at the art auction in Naples, FL

    colored pencil techniques video course by veronica winters
    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/p/veronica-winters-complete-colored-pencil-techniques-in-90-days

    Factors that go into predicting whether an artist’s work will increase in value over time

    Carole Feuerman’s sculpture in Venice, Italy

    This is a grey area. Sometimes great artists perish and get rediscovered years or centuries later (Vermeer, Gaugin, van Gogh, etc). Other times the artist could be hot but it doesn’t mean he’ll go down in history passing his prime.

    There are a few points for you to consider trying to figure out if you make a good investment in art.

    1. Art is truly unique. The artist’s voice is so one-of-a-kind it stands out.
    2. Art is in important collections in art museums, corporate or private collections of famous people or elite.
    3. Artist has been serious working on his/her career for years and often exhibits nationally and even internationally. There is a considerable body of work shown across art museums and galleries.
    4. Artist may have permanent public art installations.
    5. Check out the following artists that conform to all the points above: Carole Feuerman, Karen LaMonte, Kehinde Wiley, Arantzazu Martinez, Philipp Weber, Kaws, Koons, Hirst.
    Aivazovsky, Mercury, 1848

    Art websites to check out:

    1. Sotheby’s
    2. Christie’s
    3. Artnet – contemporary art & auction research tool
    4. 1stdibs – contemporary art, fashion, furniture, jewelry and more
    5. SaatchiArt – contemporary art, abstract to realism
    6. MutualArt – auction price database search via premium membership
    7. MyModernMet – well curated contemporary art, inspiration
    8. The Colossal – curated contemporary art
    9. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia

    If you find this post useful, share it on social media.

    Continue your reading about the art collecting.

    5 Tips that’ll make you better at oil painting

    #1 Think of your idea & design

    Idea, color, and design are three main variables of every painting I create. I sketch a lot and play with images in Photoshop to come up with my imagery. Nowadays I find that I’m more efficient when I use Photoshop to cut, paste and combine images to create a visual story that has visual balance, color and clarity.

    As for images, I mostly use my references. As I travel, I collect my visual inspiration and organize them on folders on my computer. However sometimes I find a specific model/ picture on a copyright free sites- Pixabay, Unsplash. Freepick has beautiful images too. These are great free resources for artists! For example, I don’t do underwater photography and I can find the right reference there. So if you need pictures for reference or drawing, you may find lots of inspiration there.

    sphynx cats art-veronica winters

    #2 Study the anatomy daily

    When I began my artistic journey two decades ago I thought I would never paint people. I sucked at it!!! I used to draw stick figures. Over the years I took more figure drawing classes than many of my peers in college. When I was in class, I saw how talented some students were and the only way for me to catch up was to double down on drawing the figure from life. I miss my studio time in New York. It was liberating and fun. A lot of learning happened there. I must say no art class can replace practice. Being alone in your studio painting for weeks, months, years is necessary to develop a unique voice.

    Aphrodite, basic proportions of the female (and male) head

    When you draw people, line up all the facial features, preserving proportions. This image shows you how to divide the face. It also shows how the eyes, nose, lips and eyebrows move because of the head’s tilt and rotation. You must keep checking the line up as you paint at all times. As the face turns, we see foreshortening of some features but the line up remains the same. One eye can’t end up on the forehead (move higher or lower) because of the rotation. I use my brush’s handle to check the line up when I paint.

    oil painting techniques painting face
    Here I check the line up of the eyes as I begin painting the face.

    #3 Understand how color mixing works

    Color is like a thread that holds all elements together to reveal beauty in art. I used to be a very chaotic painter with somewhat intuitive understanding of color and its importance in art…

    Alone, 9×12″ oil painting close up

    I think of my color scheme before I begin painting. It helps me create visual unity in the end. However, I also allow myself to deviate from the plan if I see it’s working in a new way. Sometimes I repaint the entire painting like that, and other times I just follow the reference photo 100 percent. My understanding of color and color harmony keeps evolving year after year. I discover fresh color combinations by extrapolating and simplifying the information I see in front of me.

    oil painting techniques color mixing
    I pre-mix batches of color and make color strings by adding the titanium white to every original color string. This painting technique is necessary to control values in art.

    Study art history to create beautiful contemporary art

    I often study paintings created before and during the 19th-century to understand the use of color harmony by great artists. There are different approaches to color mixing in oil painting.

    The_Inspiration_of_Saint_Matthew_by_Caravaggio
    The_Inspiration_of_Saint_Matthew_by_Caravaggio By Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio – http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/caravaggio/matthew.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=136502

    The old masters painted with black and browns for the most part, placing one strong color front and center to make a statement. Notice how red fabric revolves around the figure moving us around the painting in a spiral. In this painting by Caravaggio you can see that he creates strong contrast. White and red appear much stronger due to value and color contrast made with brown-black.

    Diego_Rodriguez_de_Silva_y_Velázquez_-_Infanta_Margarita_Teresa_in_a_Blue_Dress s d
    Velázquez, Infanta Margarita Teresa in a Blue Dress | Here the leading color us blue…

    I don’t know how Velasquez  or Caravaggio would have worked without the use of black. Their high-contrast paintings taught me to focus on placement of shadows, not the details. I also learned to have have 1-2 “leading” colors muting the rest of them with the use of greys and browns.

    woman holding a balance Johannes Vermeer, 1664
    Woman holding a balance Johannes Vermeer, 1664


    Both Vermeer and Ingres had subtle, controlled palettes that revealed beauty through color unity and softness. Vermeer painted cool light coming from a single window illuminating the figure. His figures are not illuminated by the candle light, rather they bath in natural light.

    Kramskoy_forest ranger close up , russian painting
    Kramskoy, forest ranger close up | 19th century Russian art | This is one of the greatest Russian artists who painted life-like portraits of common folk. Here we focus on intense gaze of the man because his face has a lot of detail, light and color while the rest of the painting has soft edges and muted background.
    ClaudeMonet-The-Houses-of-Parliament-at-Sunset-1903
    ClaudeMonet-The-Houses-of-Parliament-at-Sunset-1903

    The Impressionists painted without the use of black. Their paintings taught me to see color in shadows. Blues and purples in the afternoon shadows… Greens in the face…

    mary cassatt
    Sleepy baby, pastels, 1910 by Mary Cassatt. I like the energetic strokes in this painting and layering of colors.
    Godward, lady in purple
    Godward, Lady in purple

    Painted by John William Godward, this painting is a great example of artistic excellence that shows us how the artist controls his color palette skillfully. Beautiful purples of the dress harmonize with the model’s scarf and flowers, blooming behind her. Her blue sash harmonizes perfectly with the color of the sea and the sky. White marble creates contrast and separates the figure from the background. Placed at a diagonal, a dark fan harmonizes with the woman’s large pillow set behind her.
    The diagonals of her legs, torso and arms create a subtle movement inside the picture that lets us travel across the painting. Every element is in such balance and relationship to one another that we perceive it as an absolutely beautiful painting, admiring the realistic details we can all see. Such beautiful realistic paintings set a very high bar for any contemporary realist artist to live up to.

    Color mixing in contemporary art painting

    Color mixing is the hardest part to master in oil painting, in my opinion. Even when your drawing is pretty good, oil painting can still be a huge challenge because of a different approach to color mixing. That’s why even when you get the exact list of colors used in artist’s artwork, you can’t really re-create the same beautiful result you see on YouTube on in art museum.

    Artists have various approaches to color mixing. Some paint in full color from the start, others work on detailed underpainting before moving to color. Some pre-mix colors, others prefer using tube colors. There is no wrong or right approach. The oil painting technique comes with experience and varies in accordance with artist’s personality.

    Over the years I learned different ways of painting and I use them in a combination. I suggest learning from several artists that you admire by taking their workshops, classes or online courses. And then practice, practice, practice!

    Harmony, 12x16in, mixed media on panel

    Oil painting in full color is much harder than drawing. Why? Because artists have to match color, color temperature and value in one stroke as opposed to achieving the same result via layering in colored pencils or watercolor. Therefore, we must have a system in place to make these decisions consistently as we paint. 

    Drawing in colored pencil leads to color vibrancy naturally because colored pencils don’t mix to gray. However, oil painting is a lot more complicated because the artist needs to give “light” to the paint. A few pure colors become beautiful by juxtaposing them with grays and neutrals, not by painting everything screaming bright with out-of-the-tube colors. This took me years to grasp!

    1. To organize myself, I often paint in full color over the underpainting. Underpainting is like a good set up to establish line drawing and contrast.

    2. I premix batches of color for large areas to have consistency and color unity throughout my painting.

    The strip of grays represents the value scale. It’s mixed from 3/4 ivory black+1/4 warm brown with the increments of titanium white. I use the grays to neutralize my tube colors! It’s rare to see vibrant (high-chroma) objects. So most colors must be toned down to give realistic effect.

    3. I premix color strings for skin tones as well. Colors vary depending on my project.

    oil painting techniques color mixing
    Color strings. Use palette knife to pre-mix the colors

    4. I use few colors to achieve colorful result. Less is more in oil painting. So, I know what color mixes I get by mixing them with each other daily. I used to keep color strings to remember my results. Now it’s intuitive based on my experience.

    5. Use your palette knife, not the brush to mix the color strings. It’s the only way to mix large, clean batches of color. 

    6. To keep color mixtures fresh for more than one day, I wrap them up in wax paper. Airtight oil paint stays fresh for 3+ days on average.


    Glazing is one of the old masters techniques when artists glaze transparent colors over the refined underpainting to build up hues in progression. One area can be glazed several times to increase depth and to enrich colors. Artists wipe off the extra paint to increase transparency and even application. Glazing darkens the surface, so artists must think of the end result in advance of using this technique. I show this oil painting technique in detail in my online class. Click on the link to see a preview.


    7. I step back from my painting often to see major shapes and contrast as opposed to focusing on details.

    8. I use a wide, soft brush to blend the strokes in the end of every painting session.

    #4 Use good brushes

    If you’ve tried painting, you know how hard it is to find a good set of brushes. Many of them are flimsy or too soft to spread the paint around. Or they shed hairs like a cat.🐈 Others don’t keep the fine point necessary to paint the details. I went through so many brushes trying to find something that really works for oil painting. You have no idea!

    1. Use stiffer, synthetic brushes for your underpainting because the first layer doesn’t go smoothly and can be spread out with a bit of a solvent (Gamsol), not the medium. Both the solvent and textured canvas surface wear out fine brushes super quickly!

    2. When you layer oil paint over the underpainting, it layers smoother but still needs just a bit of medium to have the flow. This is the stage when having good brushes is critical to painting subtle transitions and details. Here are a few cheap buys that work. I find that Simply Simmons brushes are cheap but durable and have a good spring to them for painting. For detailed work I really like Ebony Splendor by Creative Mark. This brand has a variety of small brushes. Rosemary brushes are fabulous. Also I find that painting on large canvas is much easier with W&N Galeria brushes.

    3. I find that the length of the brush handle makes no difference in painting. In fact, if you do detailed work, you want to minimize your hand’s movement to remain precise. I don’t see how long handles help artists with that.

    4. I keep a wide, super soft brush (3/4 or 1″) for blending large areas to soften everything before I quit painting for a day. It doesn’t matter what brand it is as long as it’s soft like watercolor brushes are.

    5. It’s important to take care of your brushes to make them last. I’ve noticed that solvents tear them down quite quickly. That’s why I take the paint off with a paper towel and then use a soap bar to clean them after every painting session.

    #5 Be kind to yourself

    If you’re like me, I’m very hard on myself doing, well, anything. I try to do my best and if it doesn’t come out any good, I often feel devastated. By being aware of this problem, I try to refocus and see what I actually did right. I also enjoy the very act of painting. Every painting makes me one step closer to my goal. I’m lucky I can paint and it makes me feel grateful that I have this opportunity. What about you?

    Basic Art supplies:

    1. Transfer paper:

    Loew-Cornell C101-1 4-Piece Grey Transfer Paper https://amzn.to/2Zx3Wyv

    White transfer paper: https://amzn.to/3gAaPFo or https://amzn.to/2XMdBPg 

    Da Vinci pro Panels: https://amzn.to/36qrgQf

    Jack Richeson panels: https://amzn.to/3gfk6CI

    Linseed oil: https://amzn.to/3ebrixQ or https://amzn.to/2LWkdoP

    Varnish for oil and acrylic paintings only: https://amzn.to/3bUJ2fh

    Messenger, colored pencil drawing with glitter and resin, 16×20 inches, a close-up

    If you find this article helpful, forward it to a friend. thank you! 🙂

    Check out visionary art for sale

    colored pencil blending techniques

    Two solvent-free colored pencil blending techniques

    Most of you know that we can blend colored pencils with solvents or the colorless blender. In this article I’d like to share some other blending techniques that don’t require blending with Gamsol. While these blending techniques may not be brand new, I discovered these methods by experimenting with my colored pencil drawing.

    Because blending with solvents may look harsh on drawing paper not every drawing is a good candidate for it. I think solvents help a lot when you draw on textured surface or the size of your drawing paper is very large and you want to cover and build the tones in the background. Not every artist likes blending with the solvents. So here is the alternative to that.

    Colored pencil blending without the use of solvents

    visionary art veronica winters
    Plunge, 19x25in, colored pencil on paper | https://veronicasart.com/product/plunge/

    In this drawing titled “Plunge” 19×25″ I used both blending techniques discussed below.

    Finesse Colored Pencil blender pen is formulated to blend wax-based colored pencils like Prismacolor Premier and Caran d’Ache Luminance. It won’t do much blending for harder pencils like Polychromos but you’ll still see some blending occurring because all colored pencils have some wax in them.

    This pen is very convenient because it has two tips and you can’t spill it like solvents. It’s also non-toxic and easy to carry around or store in a colored pencil box.

    I find that it dries out quite quickly however.

    I blend large areas in the background using Finesse. I continue drawing over the blended areas after that to make colors even more vibrant.

    Winsor & Newton Pigment marker, white blender is a very soft white. It’s not suitable to make strong, white highlights but what I discovered working with it is more useful. Once I’ve done some colored pencil shading, I can blend everything with this marker. It does give some white tint to the surface but it also blends colored pencil well. So I use it when I want to both blend and lighten up the area. I think it could be replaced with a different brand to have the same effect but you need to always TEST your art maetrials on a separate piece of paper.

    Winsor & Newton permanent markers and sakura pen
    Winsor & Newton permanent markers and sakura pen | You can buy the W&N white blender separately. Also, you can try using the Sakura pen gives very strong white highlights.
    I use W&N white pigment marker to blend and lighten up the entire area seen at the bottom right. I also blend some of the bubbles here.

    Always test your ideas on a separate piece of paper before committing to actual drawing! It’s very frustrating to ruin your colored pencil drawing testing something new right on it.

    Check out all video courses here:https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Why are artists depressed? Natural ways to find freedom from childhood trauma, addictions & negative thinking

    self-portrait_facing-forty_the-dark-side-16x20_3-sm

    Why are artists so depressed? The paradox of creativity and sadness

    We experience depression at different stages in our lives. Sometimes it seems so permanent to our existence that we just learn to manage it, knowing it’s always there. Other times, it comes in unexpectedly after a traumatic event (like death in the family or a stressful event). However, artists are a lot more prone to depression because we are very sensitive people and mood swings “feed” our ability to create art. Yes, there are many happy artists, but there are a lot more unhappy ones.

    Mood disorders are stigmatized. Depression is often associated with craziness, which is not the case. There are no voices, delusions or paranoia involved, depression is the state of a very deep, profound sadness and loneliness. There is a loss of joy and interest in daily activities.

    According to various separate studies, artists have up to 18 times the rate of suicide seen in the general population, 8-10 times the rate of depression, and 10-20 times the rate of manic-depression. But this link between depression and creativity is not clear. I think that feelings that arise from depression actually help us create personal art, the one that matters in the long run. Moreover, by creating art we heal.

    Famous people who either committed suicide or fight with depression:

    The number of persons in creative fields believed or known to suffer or have suffered mood disorders is staggering. Over 50 percent of the 15 abstract expressionist artists such as Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko had mood disorders, suicidal thoughts and alcohol abuse. 18th and 19th century poets including Emily Dickinson, Virginia Woolf and Silvia Plath suffered from depression. It’s speculated that Vincent Van Gogh was bipolar. The Russian composer, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky had depressive thoughts that you’ll find written in his letters.

    In modern world, famous singers, actors, fashion designers, and artists-Kurt Cobain, Amy Winehouse, Robert Williams, Kate Spade and Alexander McQueen committed a suicide, despite their fame and family support. Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia in “Star Wars”) struggled with drug and alcohol abuse. Bipolar, singer and songwriter Sinead O’Connor tried to kill herself 8 times in one year. Other famous people who deal with mood swings include Demi Lovato, Jean-Claude Van Damme, and Catherine Zeta-Jones.

    It’s important to understand that a lot of artists who struggle with depression abuse alcohol, drugs and engage in risky behavior to numb the pain they feel inside. This is an emotional pain that doesn’t leave a person. This pain is self-destructive, and it often hurts not only them but also spouses, children and friends who have to deal with their depressive state of mind every day.

    veronica winters oil painting
    Everything that falls, 16x20in, oil painting on panel

    Depression in artists and its causes

    Depression and its effects are difficult to categorize. Mood disorders that include both depression ( unipolar disorder) and manic-depression ( bipolar disorder) is a scale of intensity levels. Some artists experience it once a year while others deal with depression every day. There are several types of bipolar disorder: bipolar I, bipolar II, rapid-recycling, mixed bipolar and cyclothymia. Common symptoms of bipolar people include loss of energy, sporadic sleeping and concentrating, while on the other side of the spectrum they have euphoria, feeling ecstatic or irritable. Bipolar artists flip between these two opposing states.

    While I’m not a physician, I do believe that you must seek professional help dealing with this problem. However, many can’t afford health insurance or these services may not be covered here in the U.S., and therefore it’s up to us to find a solution. I do know that causes for depression differ and could be one or a combination of reasons that I list below. It’s important to understand yourself and to figure out why you have it because then you know what you need to heal firsthand, while seeking professional help. If not genetic, depression is widely psychological, and while prescription drugs may help you level out the mood swings and cope, understanding and treating your deep emotional wounds is necessary to see permanent change. When wounding is not deep and you experience mild melancholia, you may need just a few sessions with a psychologist. But if you’ve had some serious psychological trauma, please find an experienced psychologist to help you heal.

    These are some of the causes for the depressive state of mind:

    • Deep psychological trauma in childhood
    • Physical abuse/ rape (Most deep wounding happens in childhood. Patrick Melrose TV series illustrates this problem really well.)
    • Rejection of you, your pursuits, your art, and as a result
    • Unhappiness/unmet expectations with work/ career
    • Hardships/day to day financial and psychological struggles
    • Traumatic event(s) that cause PTSD
    • Death in the family
    • Nonacceptance of your sexuality by family and friends
    • Postpartum depression
    • Genetic depression that runs in families

    Childhood trauma

    When a child experiences traumatic events, he begins the disconnect from his essence and the Source. This disconnect widens over time, especially if traumatic events continue to batter down the child to adulthood. Trauma can range from physical abuse to psychological abuse to neglect. When the child grows up, he forms his world view and the perception of reality. The adult has already developed unique patterns of behavior and thinking based on his response to trauma. Some common outcomes of trauma include anxiety, PTSD, fears, fobias, alcoholism, workaholism, sex addiction, eating disorders, drug use and depression. The trauma that happened in childhood triggers people to continue unhealthy behavior for good. Over time the adult tries to numb painful emotions with addictions. These addictions soothe the ‘wounded child’ for some time but when it wears off the person feels even worse than before. Not every abused adult becomes addicted to substances but all addicted people were abused at some point in their life.

    According to Dr. Gabor Mate, childhood trauma leads to addictions. He says that the addiction is the response to human suffering. It’s an attempt to escape suffering or emotional pain.

    People get stuck in the past in their minds and what becomes vital is to let go of of the past in order to heal from trauma completely. By changing the old patterns of behavior and replacing them with new, positive experiences, the person can set himself free from the past. As children we were all happy. The idea is to come back to that happy inner child by reconnecting to your true self. By learning how to love yourself first, we can become fully present to give love to others.

    Gabor Maté CM (born January 6, 1944) is a Hungarian-born Canadian physician. He has a background in family practice and a special interest in childhood development and trauma, and in their potential lifelong impacts on physical and mental health, including on autoimmune disease, cancer, ADHD, addictions, and a wide range of other conditions.
    Now retired from clinical practice, he travels and speaks extensively on these and related topics, both in North America and abroad. His books have been published internationally in over twenty-five languages. Maté’s approach to addiction focuses on the trauma his patients have suffered and looks to address this in their recovery, with special regard to indigenous populations around the world.

    Support & Prevention: natural ways to free your mind

    We often feel ashamed to talk about our emotions. As artists we often experience self-doubt. We question our abilities to create art because we’re not sure if we’re good enough. This limiting belief affects how we perceive the world and how we approach creating art. What’s there to make if everyone else is doing a great job already, right? And this is when self-doubt transforms into negative thinking over time. There are many artists who suffer from depression and anxiety. While the root causes may be very different for people experiencing that, artists often feel tormented and paint it on canvas. These negative feelings can feed the creativity and there is a lot of art from the past that shows just that. Edvard Munch’s “the Scream” comes to mind…Depression affects how we perceive our reality. Most of us have personal moments that became traumatic to our daily life. They shaped us to react to the world through the prism of our learned fears. Trauma could be as simple as harsh judgment or as difficult as rape. While it’s not our fault that we were mistreated it becomes our responsibility to overcome the problems we end up facing. People and events that hurt us won’t come back to ask for our forgiveness. Yet we become the prisoners of our own mind that was altered to survive. To free our mind or to let go of of all the negativity stored inside us we can turn to a friend, psychologist or daily meditation. But there is a lot more to emotional healing.

    By overcoming your problems you free your mind from everything that makes you feel miserable. By making consistent, little positive changes daily you learn to fill your heart with love and new experiences once again. While regular therapy sessions can help you heal deep emotional pain, it can take a really long time that could stretch into years. However, by adopting different activities that give you enjoyment, you could speed up your recovery process.

    illusion 24x36 oil on panel--veronica winters painting
    illusion 24×36 oil on panel

    Here are some of the things you can do to help yourself cope and get out of depression:

    As artists we often feel helpless because there is very little encouragement, help or affordable mentorship available to us. Society and family often reject us that either builds stamina or sets you on a spiral of depressive thinking.

    If you really want to get out of a vicious circle, make a decision to forgive people in your past, have a strong will to change yourself, and find a mission bigger than yourself. Stick to it!

    • Discover a goal/mission that helps others, not just you. Step out of your bubble to become part of a cause or community you care about. Get out of your home with ‘fake it till you make it’ attitude because giving makes your life meaningful. Remember, that there are so many others who struggle the same way you do and also need your love and support!
    • Find positive, like-minded individuals, artists, people of other professions who enjoy the arts. Let go off negative people in your life. They won’t change, but you can by letting them go and focusing on those who care. (If you live in a remote location, Facebook groups may help you connect with others).
    • Work to find something that brings you joy every day. This includes exercise, yoga, walking, reading. Sometimes it’s just talking to another human.
    • Share your story in your art. This art becomes personal and strong. Frida’s story comes to mind. Art has healing powers. Hannah Gadsby’s stand up does just that.
    • Focus on your artistic goals. Find a role model and grow to believe in yourself.
    • Give Love to someone you care about.
    • Make a positive note to yourself when you feel unbelievably happy. Open it up when you feel emptiness and sadness.
    • Watch videos on YouTube that will help you overcome your negative thinking. Tony Robbins comes to mind.
    • Suicide prevention:1-800-273-8255  https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ 

    Art Therapy

    By doing any art form you love like music, writing, painting, poetry, collage, sculpture, video, photography – it can help you re-process your negative feelings to release them into the Universe. Art has powerful healing properties because it caters to our emotions, not logic. That’s one of the reasons why we go to art museums. We want to release stress and to find inspiration. We put art on the wall to experience positive emotions. Why not letting yourself experience that more often? Your art activity could be as simple as page coloring or as advanced as taking drawing art course.

    Hypnosis

    It turns out hypnotherapy could be yet another tool to break us free from anxiety and negative thinking. Hypnosis is not a pixie dust, but it allows for considerable personal growth if you have innate desire to change some habits in life that no longer serve you. Mr. Browning explains that it’s about starting with a slight “course correction” in thinking that creates new neural pathways to replace the old ones in our minds. By overcoming your problems you become much stronger inside because you free your mind from everything that makes you feel miserable. As a result you become more present and self-aware. By making consistent, little positive changes every day you learn to fill your heart with love and new experiences once again.

    In this interview with a certified hypnotherapist, James Browning we discuss mental blocks, creativity, anxiety, affirmations and so much more!

    James Browning, CCHt received his formal education at the Hypnotheraphy Training Institute in Corte Madera, CA, the oldest hypnosis school in the U.S. Mr. Browning holds certifications of Master Hypnotist, Hypnotherapist, Regression Specialist, and Clinical Hypnotherapist.

    “It’s time you forgive yourself for everything you did or didn’t do,” Mr. Browning said.

    Hypnotherapy is not about losing your mind, allowing a hypnotherapist to take full control of it. It’s about allowing yourself to overcome the past, your pain points, insecurities, as well as giving yourself a chance to create positive space inside your mind and heart to feel secure, creative, productive, and to live your life to your fullest potential. Hypnotherapy would help you free your mind and let go of things that hold you back, if you’re determined and persistent in changing your life around.

    By going to his site, you can listen to a number of free hypnosis audio lessons to reduce anxiety, stress, worry, and pain. Listen to self-hypnosis for improved creativity audio, improved self-image audio, relaxation audio, anxiety reduction & sleep induction:  https://browninghypnotherapy.com/free-audio/

    Ayahuasca treatment

    There is an alternative way to accepted methods of treatment. People travel to Peru & Ecuador to experience the power of ayahuasca natural medicine. There is only one church in the U.S. that offers a very safe way to have transformational experiences working with sacred medicine. Check out the Soul Quest of Mother Earth in Orlando https://www.ayahuascachurches.org/ You can watch Unwell series on Netflix. One of the episodes is dedicated to that church.

    I hope this article helps you or someone you know to understand yourself, grow spiritually and find a permanent solution to problems many of us face. My visionary art exists to give you a sense of peace and love.

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    Other resources on the web:
    • https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jun/08/new-study-claims-to-find-genetic-link-between-creativity-and-mental-illness
    • Life and Letters of Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, paperback, 2004
    • The Van Gogh Blues: the creative Person’s path through depression, paperback, 2007

    Artists create art, cope with depression

    This article was originally published in the Voices of Central Pennsylvania, November 1, 2012 | http://voicesweb.org/artists-create-art-cope-depression

    It seems like a stereotype—the artist struggles through emotional turmoil, the struggle feeds the works of genius—but there may be more than a fabled link between mood disorders and art. According to various separate studies, artists have up to 18 times the rate of suicide seen in the general population, 8-10 times the rate of depression, and 10-20 times the rate of manic-depression.

    Depression and its effects are also difficult to categorize. Mood disorders that include both depression ( unipolar disorder) and manic-depression ( bipolar disorder) have vastly different intensity levels. Some artists are affected by it mildly a few times a year while others experience depression daily throughout their lifetime. Depression can even be genetic.

    The number of persons in creative fields believed or known to suffer or have suffered mood disorders is staggering. Over 50 percent of the 15 abstract expressionist artists such as Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko had mood disorders, suicidal thoughts and alcohol abuse. 18th and 19th century poets including Emily Dickinson are thought to have suffered from depression. An artist doesn’t have to be internationally known to struggle with depression. Five local artists running the gamut from a rock musician to a landscape painter speak frankly here about depression and the arts.

    June Ramsay is a multi-media artist with twenty years’ experience in hand-dying fabrics. She is also an oil painter whose works have been featured in the Arts Fest “Images” show.

    Cole Hons is a rock singer, band leader, and poet who also has worked as a journalist for CDT and now is a New Media Writer/Producer for the Center for Sustainability at Penn State.

    Roxanne Naydan is a pastels painter with a bachelor’s degree in fine art and a masters in visual art. She has illustrated the book of poetry, Selected Poetry of Lina Kostenko: Wanderings of the Heart (Garland Publishers, 1990), and her painting, “Eerie Orchard”, appears on the cover of the book of poetry The Narcoleptic Yard (Black Lawrence Press, 2009).

    William Snyder III is a mixed-media artist with an MFA in printmaking from Penn State (2005). Snyder serves as the president of the SoVA Alumni Group and on the College of Arts and Architecture’s Alumni Society Board at Penn State.

    Suicide is painless?

    For some artists who deal with depression, a downturn in mood can lead to thoughts of suicide.

    June Ramsay is genetically predisposed to depression and said she thought of killing herself for the first time when she was just 5 years old.

    “I was sitting beneath the sink, looking at all sorts of cleaning products thinking ‘which one would do it,’” she said.

    Those occasional suicidal thoughts did not simply vanish.

    “Yes, there have been several times in my adulthood when thoughts of suicide have plagued me,” wrote Ramsay. “Sometimes, I can visualize hurting myself and that can lessen the urge, another time I actually did cut myself and that was enough to ease the desire to kill myself, and another time I called a friend at 2 a.m. and she talked me through it. She battled depression and anxiety too. She also survived a gang rape at a fraternity party during her first week of college, which is surviving a hell of a lot in my opinion. If she could get better and move beyond her pain, then so could I. It really helps to have someone to talk to, who really gets where you are coming from.

    Psychological studies of artists demonstrate that Ramsay is not unusual among artists for her suicidal tendencies. A. Preti and P. Miotto released a study in 1999 that included 3093 eminent international artists from the past two centuries: 1300 writers, 692 poets, 267 dramaturgians and comedians, 210 architects, 531 painters, and 93 sculptors. Fifty-nine suicides were recorded from this sample. A suicide rate of 1.9 percent among artists was only slightly higher than that measured in the U.S. population in 2010 (1.24 percent) but that statistic did not include deaths from drug or alcohol abuse.

    The Preti and Miotto study found that poets and writers were more likely than any other group of artists to commit suicide, but some subsets of artists have been found even more likely to struggle with suicidal tendencies. In 1995, three scholars in the Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry put forth a study that showed half of the 15 20th-century abstract-expressionist artists suffered from mood disorders; with a suicide rate over 13 times higher the national U.S. average (1995).

    Musicians were not included in the Preti and Miotto study, but they too can be deeply affected by mood disorders and fight off suicidal thoughts.

    “To be honest, I have had flashes of suicidal imagery run through my mind in the past…just images, though,” wrote Cole Hons via email. “Never any serious planning or attempts. In my late teens & early 20s I had a romanticized idea of death–I used to dream of having some perfect night with a lover and then dying at the end.

    “Looking back, I see that my adolescent self really bought into our culture’s idealized self-destructive artist bullshit– you know, the whole Jim Morrison trip…during that time, I was such a perfectionist that if I played a show where I didn’t perform my songs perfectly, I thought I deserved to die. I guess I was just so pathetically self-absorbed at the time, I honestly couldn’t see how stupid that would be. There’s this song I wrote later in that phase of my life called “See the Light” that is essentially about staring into that abyss and choosing to live.”

    Hons revisited these feelings slightly later in life, and at that point, conquered them.

    “I also went through a really dark period after my band and my long-term relationship broke up,” wrote Hons. “It was difficult for me to transition to being a parent with a regular day job. During this phase, I was plagued with dreams about hanging myself. I actually had a very vivid dream in the year 2001 where I was hanging by the neck in my attic for a long, long time—days and days—but just couldn’t seem to die. So I finally untied myself, stepped down and got on with my life. Since that time, I’ve been completely free of any suicidal thoughts and & feelings—thankfully!”

    Hons made a short video called “Forgiving” for a contest in 2008; it is now being used by a Canadian health organization to help treat youth with depression, and part of their mission is suicide prevention. “They just stumbled across my video about 6 months ago and contacted me to ask permission to use it,” wrote Hons. “It made me really happy that it’s being used for this.”

    What sometimes saves the artist’s life is concern for those who would be devastated by his or her death.

    “Yes, I contemplate it even to this day, on occasion,” wrote Roxanne Naydan. “What prevents me is the negative IMPACT it might potentially have on my daughter Lilja.”

    Spiraling into depression can be brought on by a variety of triggers—financial strains, hormonal changes, challenging life events, even the strain of living as an artist.

    William Snyder III experienced depression for the first time as a freshman in college. Worrying about his finances and relationship anxiety overwhelmed the artist.

    “I was lonely, self-focused with the loss in direction,” he said. “I experienced anxiety and tried to prove myself through drawing because it was the only thing I knew.”

    Depression is thought to be linked to hormonal changes since twice as many women as men in the general public are effected. By the age 15, girls are twice as prone to depression as boys. Traumatic events in an artist’s life, coupled with depression and hormonal changes, can lead to a persistent change in mood.

    Landscape painter Susan Nicholas Gephart was shaken by her brother’s death when she was 11.

    “There was no counseling, just an effort to live on as if everything was ‘OK,’” said Gephart. This seemed to create a feeling of a security blanket being removed. I felt fearful and very shy about anything new, even into my 20s. As the years went on I became very interested about understanding the root of emotions, feelings, and what caused them. I read magazines and studied psychology in school. Poetry and painting became a regular way for me to express myself and try to relax.”

    Depressive moods are also often tied to the seasons. Many artists experience picks of creativity during spring and fall, while winter blues are characterized by manic periods or melancholia. Changes in mood can be traced in both the amount of completed work and personal letters written by artists in the past. Artists’ correspondence is well documented in popular books. Early American poet Emily Dickinson’s spikes in creativity were recorded and dated in her numerous works; the winter seasons were marked with a prolonged absence of creative output.

    “It’s a struggle that is deeper, harder, more intense. It’s a big grey cloud coming from nowhere often in winter,” June Ramsay said.

    Just the act of engaging in the arts as a career can lead to depressive periods.

    “There is indeed a constant struggle of feast and famine in the art world,” said Gephart. “The uncertainty of sales and even filling a class enrollment are never a for sure situation. The general public also perceives art as a game and not a ‘serious career.’ An artist can exhaust herself just trying to juggle so many balls to pay the bills. There is also the reality that once you create something wonderful, for you to continue to grow and gain respect in the art world, you must keep doing it over and over….forever.”

    This state can become so exhausting, according to artist William Snyder, that artists seek work outside their field just to ease not just the financial but emotional burden.

    “It came down to the time ratio between drawing and money,” said Snyder. “Drawing was so time-consuming it was equal to simple waste of time. My solid job changed that ratio. I found fulfillment [doing something else I enjoy besides drawing]. I began to think outside myself. I noticed that my art work shifted when I was no longer depressed.”

    Working as an artist also means facing rejection, which can start the process of self-doubt, self-denial, heightened vulnerability and despair. Some self-medicate, abusing alcohol and drugs, while others like Gephart strengthen their knowledge of art as a business.

    “Art is certainly an insecure job, but it can be balanced by the love of creating and believing things are possible,” said Gephart. “As an adult who has taught art for over 30 years to all ages, I have come to believe art can heal and should be for all to experience, just like reading a book or riding a bike. I was fortunate to stay home with my 3 children and raise them while I painted and did volunteer work hanging shows, etc. I learned more about the business of art on my own than in college during my BFA. Now, as a mentor to teen artists, I always encourage them to understand marketing or consider a duel degree with business and art.”

    Easing the pain

    A career in art may be the problem, but can also be the solution.

    Cole Hons is a rock musician who sees his performances as an addiction to the experience of intense emotional release.

    “Musicians are often extremely sensitive people who, just like anybody else, are exposed to suffering and pain,” said Hons. “Being so sensitive, many go looking for medicine. That might be alcohol and drugs. But in my view, the music itself is the biggest and best medicine of all.”

    Because feelings of loneliness and emptiness are prevalent, some artists become obsessed with understanding human existence, think of life, death, and spirituality, and often find meaning in depicting these obsessions in art. The Abstract Expressionists were consumed with depiction of tragedy, death, and timelessness. By painting these themes artists find temporary relief from loneliness.

    “I struggle every day. We are loners. We deal with some sort of pain. When I’m hurting I use reality to create that world through painting,” Roxanne Naydan said.

    By painting what’s meaningful in their lives some artists also find psychological relief in the act of painting. Living on the edge of life, artists experience a positive influence of sudden mood changes as well: they imagine and create easily, capturing rapidly moving thoughts and emotions.

    “Creative artistic people have deep emotions that just toss them for loop! As a mentor to teens and college age artists, I have come to see many of them struggle with feelings of sadness,” said Gephart. “Nothing they can pinpoint, just there. It has to make me think that partly the way their brains are designed opens doorways to struggle. I’ve also noticed that when they are creating, they seem at peace. Makes me wonder if we could all just paint, may be the bad stuff would slip away.”

    In 1989, Johns Hopkins Hospital professor Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison interviewed a group of artists, 90 percent of which said that very intense moods and feelings were either necessary and integral or very important to the creation of art. Art is created in response to the environment and to the artist’s own emotional struggle. Art also has an undeniable therapeutic effect on our brain. May writers stated that they write to relieve themselves from a burden and communicate through their work.

    June Ramsay created a poem and a painting using compost as a metaphor for depression. She worked her way out through painting. Experiencing serious health problems with her foot, Ramsay came to the point of acceptance through painting and finds release from her struggles.

    “At the time, I was trying to think of ways that depression might have some positives, like what gifts could it bring to its sufferer,” said Ramsay. “I know there have been times in my life that once I got through the darkness (often with spiritual help, light, and encouragement of others) that I felt I had gained some type of enlightenment or awareness that I could have never gotten otherwise.”

    “When the need for a cry is over I let myself back into reality by painting Nature,” Naydan said. ”I love my relationship with it. Nature calms and inspires me. I love painting the light. When there is a loss, there is a wish to recreate what you had and I resolve my longing through painting.”

    Musicians and other performance artists also heal themselves through their arts.

    “When people sing, play, or dance to music it’s similar to being in love. It’s the act of reuniting with others and experiencing healing together,” Cole Hons said.

    Artists often use themselves as essential material for creativity. Some artists have said that they feel they have a heightened sensitivity, and that the energetic moods of a manic phase lend them the capacity to convey unusual thoughts and visionary ideas. Artists have heightened sensitivity and take risks that contribute to the creation of artwork.

    “There is some type of heightened awareness, spiritual connection looking at nature and seeing the world differently,” June Ramsay said describing her her experiences during painting retreats.

    The depressive phase also serves its purpose to the artist. It gives a chance for contemplation, self-analysis and search for life’s meaning. Deeper comprehension of feelings like love, sorrow, and pain leads writers to create characters with real emotions.

    “Depression was the muse, the inspiration for me back then [during depressive phases],” said Snyder. “I didn’t see how great life can be.”

    “It’s healing to paint. It’s like a private language where people can glimpse at your soul without speaking,” Naydan said. “There are moments when you are longing for something and I fill that void through painting.”

    Depressed people can be intense, have erratic sleep patterns and experience persistent feeling of loneliness even when they are surrounded by numerous people.

    “The insecurities that developed in my preteens transformed into a serious problem with insomnia into adult life,” wrote Gephart. “I would wake and think for hours unable to return to sleep. Writing and painting helped. There was often a weight of deep sadness. Partly the past experiences deeply hidden, some of it perhaps being hereditary with family depression, and diet and seasonal light sensitivities.

    “As an adult with children and being an artist working at home, I paid special attention to eating right, getting sunshine into my eyes with walks out side, or reading by a sunny window. Most certainly the thing that I noticed most was when I painted, I felt happy in just a few brush strokes. It was in the mid 80’s that it became clear to me that the mere action or process of creating caused some kind of positive chemical change in the way my brain perceived my life in the moment!”

    But medication is necessary for some artists to take the edge off and bring temporary balance into artistic life. June Ramsay relies on a combination of medication and therapy.

    “I’ve got to find something to keep me stable for my kids’ sake,” she said.

    Concern for their children has even brought some artists out of their depression.

    “You can’t be selfish when you have kids,” Snyder said. “I don’t hold on to depression anymore as I think outside myself.”

    Feelings of hopelessness among artists often come from daily struggle and elevated stress levels associated with the artistic profession.

    Many artists are solitary by nature and it becomes enormously hard to succeed when so much “success” depends on developed relationships with clients. Creative personalities must be persistent, driven, and self-motivated to make a career. Yet, reaching success in an artistic career proves to be irrelevant in many cases.

    According to some studies famous artists in various fields had continued experiences of melancholia despite having gone through years of hard labor and rejections. Thus, the artist must seek another avenue outside of success, to find acceptance within himself or herself.

    “I’ve developed a philosophy of ‘Fear No Art,’” wrote Gephart. “I am art and it is me. We are one in the same. The tears and fears of my past are still in me, but by living through it, I have developed coping strategies that help me when I’m down. I am lucky to know that it will pass if I keep moving forward towards my hopes as an artist.

    “Part of my daily comfort comes from God or a ‘Higher Power’ than me. As a mature adult I know that I at times am fragile and weak. When I feel overwhelmed, alone, or sad, I speak openly to God who loves me as I am. In times of joy and especially when I paint Plein Air, I revel at the beauty of this Earth and have an attitude of ‘gratitude’ for this gift of air, land, and water. I guess this is my bottom line of support during depressed times. Being able to focus on gratitude or know that you are loved as is, helps so much to recover from the fragile state.”

    Art Miami & Context Art Miami 2018: realism painting and more

    yigal ozeri at art miami
     Yigal Ozeri, New York-based artist paints women in hyperrealism style. 
    cesar santos in art basel miami
    Painting by Cesar Santos, Cuban-American artist

    Art Miami & Context Art Miami 2018: realism painting & much more

    Generating insane foot traffic, both Art Miami and Context Art Miami are two art fairs I visit during the Art Basel week in Miami. In December Miami overflows with tourists, curators, and art collectors, visiting over 20 art fairs in just one week! If you decide to take part in this event, you can buy tickets online and see all of the offerings beforehand. Context Art Miami (adjacent to Art Miami) features more contemporary realism art than its counterparts and thus interests me more than other art fairs. The art fairs represent both American artists and international ones alike, including galleries from China, Korea, and Europe.

    One of the reasons I go to these art fairs is inspiration. What I find interesting is to look at innovation in art materials use, textures and design. Sometimes, I don’t really care about a particular artwork, but its innovative combination of materials or subjects feeds up my creativity. I also enjoy seeing the excitement and commotion around the arts, which is rare in Naples, Florida.

    Salustiano at art miami 2018
    Salustiano
    elisa anfuso
    Elisa Anfuso, Female Italian artist painting personal stories in realism style.

    Another reason for many artists to see the shows is to network in the arts. I must say that most gallerists are very busy at the art fairs and hate to be approached by artists when they try to sell exhibited art. Art fair participation costs run in many thousands of dollars and gallery representatives are there to work. So if you’re an artist, be respectful of the gallerists. Yet, if you’re there to show your work, come in early before the opening when the crowds are not there yet and the gallery owners are more inclined to meet you in person. Parking would be much easier as well.

    The art fairs show a lot of abstract art and painting but also include large-scale portrait photography and 3-D sculptures. Art crowds often gather around animated paintings or video paintings, lenticular photography and lenticular painting (see the video) or art that plays with perception, examples of which you can watch in my video. Also, depending on a person’s taste the roundup of art like you see here is vastly different in social media. Those who have a minimalist aesthetic post abstract/minimalist art, and figurative realism artists like me post representational art.

    Go here to subscribe: http://eepurl.com/b-vEXP
    art miami 2018, spoke art
    Spoke Art gallery having a blast selling art at the fair in Miami. | This was the busiest gallery by far, selling limited edition prints like hot cakes!
    art miami 2018_ron isaacs
    Ron Isaacs, acrylic on birch plywood construction | Halfway between painting and sculpture, the artist creates 3-D wall art that explores a relationship between life, nature and memory. 
    3-D sculpture @ Chase Contemporary played with my perception of reality big time.

    Address: Art Miami + CONTEXT Pavilions, One Herald Plaza @ NE 14th Street, Downtown Miami, FL 33132

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    Highlights from the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art in Sarasota, Florida

    Highlights from the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art in Sarasota, Florida

    The State Art Museum of Florida, the Ringling museum has a neat collection of art, circus attributes, art books all in one place- a luxury winter home and gardens of the Ringlings. 

    John Ringling was a successful businessman who partly owned and operated the circus in the 1920s to become one of the richest men in the U.S. John Ringling and his wife Marble shared a passion for art, collecting art in Europe.

    Highlights from the John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art

    ringling art museum court

    Art Museum Highlights

    The art museum has a pretty big collection of Flemish, Dutch, English & American Art as well as Italian, Spanish and French paintings and some sculptures. You can find their extensive collection online but the digital images are quite small and can’t replace the experience of seeing art in person. John Ringling built the initial collection between 1920s-30s that was later expanded by the museum curators.

    Roman courtship

    ringling art museum_Reynolds-Stephens_roman courtship 1900
    The Ringling Art Museum, Reynolds-Stephens, British (1862-1943), Roman courtship, oil on canvas,1900

    The tremendous size and beauty of this painting will leave you speechless. While this neoclassical style painting (with luxury and decadence of the Roman Empire) fell out of fashion by the 20th century, the artistic merit is obvious here. Strong design and composition, color harmony and a much lesser known story from Greek mythology will hypnotize you once you’re in the gallery.

    Three sisters- three fates span the thread, while the oldest one cuts it, thus determining a man’s lifespan. I love how the cupid forms a circle around the couple with a bright garland of flowers. Soft greens of the fabric mimic the greens in a pillow, mosaics, and a marble bench.

    Still life with plates

    ringling art museum_Munari_still life with plates

    The Rringling art museum, Cristoforo Munari, Italian (1667-1720), Still life with plates, 1710, oil on canvas

    This oil painting is remarkable thanks to realistic painting of textures. Various candied fruits, fruits, and breads looks incredibly rich and tasty. Their warm, orange tones contrast the cool blues of the vases and plates. During the 16th and 17th centuries sugar cane was very expensive in Europe and only the wealthy could afford purchasing it. The white pyramidal shape you see in this painting is the cane sugar itself.

    Narcissus

    ringling art museum_Kuijl_Narcissus 1645
    The Ringling art museum, attributed to Gerard vanKuijl, Dutch (1604-1673), oil on canvas, Narcissus,1645

    While this painting’s chiaroscuro and fabric’s bright red are reminiscent of the Caravaggio’s work, the vivid blues of the sky are similar to the Venetian school of painting.

    In Greek mythology, Narcissus was a beautiful young man who fell in love with his own reflection once he rejected Echo (who was unable to speak her love for him). When he died, Narcissus turned into a flower that we call the narcissus.

    Still life with parrots

    ringling art museum_de heem_still life with parrots
    The Ringling art museum, Jan de Heem, Flemish (1606-1684), Still life with parrots, 1640s

    De Heem is one of my favorite realist Dutch painters. This school of painting loved to capture realistic textures of lavish objects. Such still life paintings expressed status and wealth of a person who commissioned the art. Rare parrots and seashells, exuberant silverware were expensive goods in the 17th-century Netherlands. The merchants often commissioned paintings to show off their wealth.

    Sculpture

     

    Circus Museum

    ringling _circus museum

    Circus museum is a fun place to visit for adults and children alike who can learn about the industry’s history, actors, and circus acts in extensive displays that include wardrobes, props, wagons and posters.

    CA’ D’ZAN House

    ringling museum_CA' D'ZAN sideview

    Well, if you’ve visited Venice, Italy, you can certainly recognize its ornate Venetian Gothic style of the palazzi. The Ringlings had been traveling throughout Europe for decades and brought art and inspiration back home. Their winter home faces Sarasota Bay with a view. The house exhibits artwork, furniture and art objects.

    Contact:

    5401 Bay Shore Road
    Sarasota, FL 34243

    Open Daily 10am-5pm.

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    de la Cruz Art Collection in Miami_ Force and Form 2018 show

    de la Cruz Art Collection in Miami: Force and Form 2018 show

    Located in the Miami Design District, de la Cruz Collection is a private, 30,000 square foot art museum displaying the contemporary art collection of Rosa and Carlos de la Cruz. Occupying a modern, 3-story white building, the art museum opened in 2009 to display the collection and to conduct lectures and workshops. Rosa and Carlos de la Cruz are the top 200 art collectors in the U.S., and it is amazing to see how much time, effort and finances this couple spared to build and maintain this art museum.

    Force and Form

    Force and Form brings together pivotal works from the collection to create a dialogue addressing a shift in artistic, as well as cultural, practice and form. The works respond to current issues of identity, gender, class, power, and the values that define our social fabric. The use of everyday materials and recycled imagery challenge traditional practices of sculpture, installation, and painting, while addressing the interaction between the human and mechanical gesture. 

    If you happen to see the galleries, the staff is incredibly friendly and accommodating to every person ringing the door bell. They are also eager to walk you through the installations. The downside is that the art show is hardly visual arts. Despite its monumental display and the scope of this art exhibition, most artwork is so conceptual, it leaves nothing for the eye to get excited about. And while the staff may explain the artwork to engage you some, this engagement would be limited to your perception and art appreciation in general. When I see such shows one of the questions that runs in my mind is how irrelevant the skill, talent, and knowledge have become in art production and sales. Almost anything can be named ART, while very few artworks deserve this definition. This is one of the reasons visitors feel confused looking at ART that makes no sense whatsoever and therefore doesn’t connect with the viewer on a visceral way. This purposeful deskilling of ART leads to and fosters public’s indifference to contemporary art in general, in my opinion.

    Obviously, any private art collection is a matter of taste of the collectors, and should be viewed as such. It is nice of the couple to support the artists making purchases of their art. If you plan on buying art for your private art collection, I encourage you to rely on your aesthetics and support talented contemporary artists as well.

    de la cruz collection 2018
    de la Cruz collection 2018 (Left: these white leaves are made of paper that are glued over the image to produce the 3-D effect. Top Right: Ana Mendieta is known for her feminist work that’s mainly installations in video and pictures.)

    Artists in the Exhibition

    Kathryn Andrews, Tauba Auerbach, Walead Beshty, Mark Bradford, Joe Bradley, Dan Colen, Martin Creed, Aaron Curry, Salvador Dalí, Peter Doig, Isa Genzken, Félix González-Torres, Mark Grotjahn, Wade Guyton, Guyton/Walker, Rachel Harrison, Arturo Herrera, Jim Hodges, Evan Holloway, Thomas Houseago, Alex Israel, Rashid Johnson, Alex Katz, Martin Kippenberger, Michael Krebber, Wifredo Lam, Glenn Ligon, Michael Linares, Nate Lowman, Adam McEwen, Ana Mendieta, Albert Oehlen, Laura Owens, Jorge Pardo, Manfred Pernice, Sigmar Polke, Seth Price, Sterling Ruby, Analia Saban, Josh Smith, Reena Spaulings, Rudolf Stingel, Rufino Tamayo, Kelley Walker, and Christopher Wool.

    de la cruz collection 2018
    de la Cruz collection, 2018

    Contact:

    Open Tuesday through Saturday from 10:00AM to 4:00PM. Admission free. Must call the doorbell to enter the museum (doors are locked even during the open hours).

     23 NE 41 Street. Miami, FL 33137 | (305) 576-6112 | https://www.delacruzcollection.org/

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    The Gilded Age Splendor, flagler museum in palm beach

    The Gilded Age Splendor: Flagler Museum in Palm Beach, Florida

    Located in Palm Beach, Florida, Flagler museum is a culturally rich and visually inspirational place to visit. Its 75 luxurious rooms, railway pavilion, beautiful grounds as well as lace and antiques collection are amazing and worth your visit. First, a beautiful home, then a luxury hotel, and finally the museum – Whitehall will pleasantly surprise you. Built as a wedding present for his wife, it used to be a winter home for the Flaglers between 1902-1913, attracting the wealthy into the area who were thoroughly entertained in the house.

    The Gilded Age Splendor: Flagler Museum review

    flagler museum review
    Flagler museum in Palm Beach: courtyard, rooms and front view

    Who was Henry Flagler (1830-1913)?

    flagler museum palm beach_flagler
    Mr. Flagler, oil painting

    The earliest land developer of Florida, Henry Flagler was a founding partner of Standard Oil corporation who also built luxury hotels across the state and a railway, linking the east coast of Florida from St. Augustine to Key West.

    The rooms

    John Carrère and Thomas Hastings designed Whitehall inspired by the Greek temples to Apollo. Symmetrical white marble columns, grand staircase, and the marble entrance hall evoke feelings of ancient beauty. Such visual architectural balance continues with the interior spaces. The New York firm designed the interiors of a 2-storied house. These rooms have designs and decorum of various epochs, including styles of Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI, the Italian Renaissance, and Francis I.

    In these pictures you can find some of the most beautiful rooms but not all! Novel steel beam construction, cast plaster ceilings, central heating, plumbing and electricity made the house a standout back in 1902.

    flagler museum palm beach_rooms
    Flagler museum, luxurious rooms and a bathroom! (bottom right).

    Henry Flagler’s Railcar in the Flagler Kenan Pavilion

    Built in 1886 for Flagler to travel across the state, you can find the original railcar in a special sunlit pavilion inside the museum. Flagler museum acquired and restored the Railcar No. 91 in late 1960-s. It’s a lot of fun to walk through its cozy rooms.

    flagler museum palm beach_railcar
    flagler museum lace
    The historic museum has an extensive lace collection. I used to make lace when I was a teen and have a soft spot for lace designs today.
    flagler museum review
    Here are some of the fancy objects placed in striking displays around the house. Henry Flagler’s sterling silver portable desk (top left).

    I hope this visual review encourages you to visit this historic museum soon! To learn more, please visit the official website of the Flagler Museum.

    Contact: Open Tuesday-Sunday. https://www.flaglermuseum.us/

    You can also buy a combined ticket for the house and the Breakers hotel, Henry Flagler’s second hotel in Palm Beach.

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    10 beautiful art pieces at Lowe Art Museum in Miami

    10 beautiful art pieces at Lowe Art Museum in Miami

    Situated on campus of the University of Miami, Lowe Art Museum is a neat find. The art collection has a little-bit-of-everything and spans across centuries, cultures and art styles. It’s worth your visit, if you swing by the neighborhood of Coral Gables and have a little bit of free time on your hands. Here are top 10 contemporary art pieces on display at the art museum.

    Hands & Earth is a group exhibition of Japanese ceramics running between June 20-September 23, 2018. A private collection of Carol and Jeffrey Horvitz is set as a traveling show to many art museums across the country. This exhibition has some most unusual and beautiful pieces of contemporary Japanese artists as well as the 20th century ones. Glazes and surface treatments are the most peculiar in this art show.

    1. Kondo Takahiro, Seismic wave

    lowe art museum_miami univ_seismic wave by Kondo Takahiro
    Lowe art museum, Copyright Kondo Takahiro, Japanese, b. 1958 “Seismic wave” 2016, porcelain and glass

    2. Pascale Monnin, Resurrection Angel

    lowe art museum sculpture by pascale monnin_s
    Copyright Pascale Monnin, Haiti, b.1974 “Resurrection Angel” 2011, pottery with raku glaze, wire, pearls and jewels. Soulful and fragile, this sparkling sculpture rotates around itself, suspended in a corner of a glass gallery in the art museum.

    3. Tobacco Box, Japan

    lowe art museum_miami univ_tobacco box japan
    Tobacco Box, Japan, Edo Period, 1615-1868, 19th century wood, lacquer, mother of pearl, pewter. This elegant, stylized tobacco box captures the very essence of Japanese art and culture, evoking thoughts on simplicity, nature and beauty.

    4. Masoumi Garashi, Untitled

    lowe art museum_miami univ_shirt glass by masoumi garashi
    Copyright Masoumi Garashi, Japanese, b.1972, Untitled, glass. Evocative of Karen Lamonte’ glass sculptures of hollow gowns, this glass sculpture makes us contemplate feelings of presence and absence.

    5. Circle of Pieter de Grebber, Unequal Lovers (The trapped thief)

    lowe art museum_miami univ_unequal lovers
    5. Circle of Pieter de Grebber (1600-53), Unequal Lovers (The trapped thief), 1650, oil on canvas. Humorous and theatrical, this painting depicts a satirical relationship between the lovers of different age and background that hints on exchange between youth and wealth.

    6. Workshop of Andrea Del Sarto, Madonna and Child and the infant St. John

    lowe art museum_miami univ_workshop of andrea del sarto_madonna and child infant st john
    6. Workshop of Andrea Del Sarto (1486-1530), Italian, “Madonna and Child and the infant St. John”, 1529, oil on canvas. This is a beautiful oil painting of the Renaissance era, depicting the most popular subject – Madonna and Child.

    7. El Greco, Christ carrying the cross

    lowe art museum_miami univ_el greco_christ carrying the cross
    El Greco (1541-1614), b. in Greece, Spanish, “Christ carrying the cross,” 1595, oil on canvas. Most El Greco art is in Spain, but you can find some of his works scattered throughout the American museums. His amateurish style of painting led to a very honest, emotional depiction of his subjects.

    8. Laura Donefer, Royal Amulet Basket

    lowe art museum_miami univ_laura donefer_royal amulaet basket
    Laura Donefer, American, b.1955, “Royal Amulet Basket” 2011, glass

    Laura Donefer is known for her vivid, organic, blown and flameworked glass – the “Amulet Baskets.” These baskets are bursts of color, joy and energy.

    9. William Carlson, Pragnanz Series

    lowe art museum_miami univ_william carlson_pragnanz series sculpture
    William Carlson, American, b.1950, “Pragnanz Series” 1980s, cast glass and granite

    You need to experience William Carlson’s sculptures in person because you can barely see the intricate play of textures between glass and granite in pictures. The artist stacks and balances abstract shapes with amazing precision.

    10. Dale Chihuly, Mosaic Persian

    lowe art museum_miami univ_dale chihuly_mosaic persian_detail
    10. Dale Chihuly, American, “Mosaic Persian” 1998, detail, glass

    Dale Chihuly is famous for his glass sculptures. Organic and colorful, the flowing shapes are reminiscent of the ocean’s floor.

    Crappy Art Corner

    lowe art museum_miami univ_abstract art

    Artists: Martin Disler (1949-96), “Untitled”, 1989 (right); Chryssa (1933-2013) “Americanoom”, steel and neon (top left); Jean-Paul Propelle and others.

    Lowe Art museum is located on the grounds of the University of Miami.

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    What is a certificate of authenticity for artwork and how to issue one

    What is a certificate of authenticity for artwork and how to make one

    Both art collectors and artists need to know what a certificate of authenticity for artwork means. It’s simply a written statement that proves that the painting/ sculpture/ drawing, etc. is genuine. A Certificate of Authenticity is the official document between an artist or a gallery and a collector that proves its provenance and details about the piece. Artists should issue this document once they sell their art. You can design this certificate in Photoshop or Canva and print it on a thick, high-quality piece of paper, or buy a standard size certificate to fill out by hand. Sign it.

    What is a certificate of authenticity for artwork?

    This document is a sign of quality, professionalism, and respect shown by the artist to his/her art collector. It’s also a record of provenance.

    The certificate of authenticity should include:

    • Title of artwork
    • Medium
    • Dimensions of artwork
    • If it’s a print, put Limited Edition # of #
    • The purchase date
    • Your name and (the artist’s) hand-written signature
    • Write the collector’s full name
    • Include the artwork’s picture
    • Materials (optional). I like to show that I use high-quality art supplies in my work that insures the longevity of my art in comparison to so many other artists who don’t consider it a priority.
    • Sometimes I print a matching second page with a story about a sold painting. I think it adds extra dimension to my work and encourages understanding and art appreciation.

    I also often include a couple of my business cards, a receipt, and an extra print of the sold piece, or one of my signed art books that’s often a catalog of my artwork the collectors can share with their friends. I value my collectors and offer complementary shipping with these surprise gifts as my way to thank them for their purchase because I’m truly grateful for their support.

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    3 graphite pencil techniques for portrait drawing that work: tools and techniques

    head study from Indian Girl by Palmer_veronica winters artist
    Head study, graphite pencil drawing from a sculpture of “Indian Girl” by Palmer Available

    Graphite pencil drawing is a fundamental skill necessary to master for every realist artist. In this article, I’d like to share several most useful tools and techniques for portrait drawing I use the most often. Keep in mind that that these graphite pencil techniques for beginners are applicable to any kind of pencil/charcoal drawing including graphite pencil drawing realistic landscapes, still lifes, faces, fur, etc.

    #1 Graphite pencil blending techniques: use paper stumps correctly

    Graphite pencil blending techniques: paper stumps help artists blend both graphite pencils and charcoal. Never use the paper stumps for colored pencil blending! They will ruin the surface.
    This mood board shows a graphite pencil sketch and a very quick pen sketch to develop the concept drawing for my oil painting titled Faith.
    This is a page from my Creative Techniques book that shows you basic graphite pencil blending and shading techniques. In the first step I block in the darks and leave out spaces for the lights. Both lights and darks become the two extremes between which I create a range of tones at a later stage.
    graphite pencil erasing techniques
    This step-by-step charcoal drawing demonstration shows the same graphite pencil shading and erasing techniques. Blending with paper stumps unifies the surface, blending everything to a medium gray tone (step 2-3). Therefore, I strengthen the darkest areas immediately after that. Various sizes of paper stumps give me the precision I need doing graphite pencil blending.
    graphite pencil drawing realistic faces
    Graphite pencil drawing realistic faces: in this quick sketch I show how to look at the light and map out the anatomy of the face preparing you to draw realistic faces in pencil, charcoal, pastels.
    This is a very quick graphite pencil sketch showing the initial block in and quick graphite pencil blending.

    Graphite pencil blending and shading techniques in portrait drawing are the same as in still life drawing shown above. I begin shading the drawing by placing the darkest darks first. I often draw on the Strathmore Bristol vellum paper that’s smooth and thick but still has some tooth to adhere the pencil to. Once I’m done massing out the shapes in a soft, 4B graphite pencil, I use the blending stumps to blend the large areas. In the left picture I blended everything with a paper stump. If you draw in vine charcoal, a soft brush works really well to do charcoal blending. It’s important to do graphite pencil blending in the “right” direction not to overwork the surface.

    Drawing Paper

    koh-i-noor drawing paper review

    I’m amazed by the quality of this paper.  It’s quickly becoming my favorite because Koh-I-Noor in & out pages are thick, smooth, and versatile. I love how easy it is to layer both graphite and colored pencil on it that hardly needs any blending! Also, I can place my drawings back into the pad for a beautiful presentation. I’ve drawn on Koh-I-Noor Bristol vellum, Bristol smooth, Colored Pencil and Black Drawing drawing papers so far. All of them are fantastic! While Koh-I-Noor Black Drawing has thin pages, the rest of them are thick, and all are smooth with a different degree of light texture present to grab the pencil. Give them a try!

    #2 Graphite pencil erasing techniques: kneaded eraser & Tombow Mono Zero eraser

    Kat with a shell, detail, graphite on paper

    In the second step, I usually lift out the highlights with the kneaded eraser to create small spots of light seen on skin. This is the most useful graphite pencil erasing technique. Any brand of a kneaded eraser works about the same.  The kneaded eraser lifts out the pigment without any residue to make soft edges around the highlights. These lights look natural and realistic. I often lift out more graphite pencil than I need to to come back to it with refined pencil shading around the highlights.

    General’s kneaded eraser

    Graphite pencil drawing realistic textures:

    Tombow Mono zero eraser is a great eraser that erases tiny graphite marks. You can create incredible textures and details. This eraser helps in graphite pencil drawing of realistic textures, such as thin strands of hair or tiny highlights in the pearls or lights on the face and eyelashes. This eraser works great in colored pencil drawing as well when I try to erase hard to reach, tiny areas in my drawings. I buy these on Amazon. So if you decide to give zero eraser a try, order two or three of them at once, you won’t regret it!

    Tombow eraser

    Drawing realistic textures in graphite pencil: Once I’ve developed a range of tones, I work on specific textures seen in the reference photo. In this drawing of Khaleesi you see the texture of clothing that I’ve done with rubbings. I placed a pumice stone under my paper and shaded over it with a soft pencil where the clothing should be. This rubbing gave me the initial texture I worked around in pencil to develop it further. I also did some lifting out with both kneaded eraser and the zero eraser on her necklace and hair.

    To make texture in the jewelry on her neck, I used some magic tape. I placed it over the shaded area, made short strokes on the tape with a ballpoint pen and lifted it out to reveal this unique texture.

    figurative art, portrait drawing, Khaleesi
    Emilia Clarke as Khaleesi, 9×12″ | graphite on Koh-I-Noor Bristol vellum drawing paper available | There is something about the character that attracts you when you watch a movie. I think it happens because you find a part of yourself present in that person. Khaleesi has fragile beauty of course, but she also grows to become fierce and powerful woman. Drawing is an essential building block to any representational art form. Pencil drawing is something I practice as much as I can because it improves and informs me of shapes, colors and composition.
    Drawing detail: hands with a shell | I often use the kneaded eraser to make soft lift outs, create subtle edges, and to clean up without leaving grease and residue on paper.

    #3 Graphite pencil shading techniques: values & layering

    Value scale

    Every color has its own value scale going from the darkest dark to white. Some dark colors have a much wider value range as opposed to the light colors. (Think of ultramarine as a dark color and yellow as a light one).
    You control your values while you keep graphite pencil shading. You need to create a range of tones from very light to very dark to make your portrait three-dimensional. Usually, students complete their drawing with a very limited range of tones. That’s why everything looks “average grey” or “too flat.”
    Convert your color image into a black-and-white picture on your computer, and you’ll understand how dark the shadows should be. Then step back from your finished pencil drawing to compare it to your black-and-white reference.

    portrait drawing
    Self-portrait facing 41, graphite study for warrior, 9×12, available | Graphite pencil shading techniques includes simple repetition of shading to achieve dark values in portrait drawing.

    I layer the graphite pencil by erasing, enhancing the dark values, and refining the details. I work on subtle transitions of tone with harder pencils, especially if it’s a skin tone. I usually shade with 2-4H graphite pencils gently transitioning from medium to light tone.

    Final fixative:

    When graphite pencil shading is complete, I use a final fixative, spraying my drawing outdoors. I strongly recommend using professional-grade fixatives, like the Grumbacher matte final fixative for dry media or Sennelier HC10. It gives a very nice and even finish to my artwork that’s impossible to achieve with cheaper brands like Krylon. Spray art in low-humidity, at room temperature.

    Final fixative for dry media

    How often do you draw in graphite pencil? Drawing in pencil is a fantastic way to train your eye and hand to see values and gain precision necessary to build technical skills in realistic pencil drawing. When you become confident drawing in graphite pencil, begin drawing in color.

    Check out all video courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

    Talent & Art: Dali Theater Museum in Figueres, Spain

    Dali museum figueres spain

    Dali museum in Figueres, Spain | One of Dali’ melting clocks jewelry pieces shown at the Spanish museum

    Review of the Dali Museum in Spain

    There’s no doubt that Salvador Dali is one of the greatest 20th-century surrealist artists. Up to this day the artist defines every exhibition and art review dedicated to the surrealist movement. Although, the artist was bold to exit the group to develop his vision further, Dali was the leading figure in the surrealism movement. His surreal paintings are in numerous art collections and museums today, however if you look at his humble artistic beginnings, they were truly humble.

    In the art museum located in Figueres, Spain I saw a number of his early paintings that closely resembled Picasso, Signac, Matisse and even some abstract painters. Dali’ early paintings were imitations of the modernists that showed no obvious “talent” or ability to become the famous artist. I dare to say that he made a bunch of bad paintings in his early career!

    Salvador Dali early paintings look like copies of the contemporaries and modernists…

    In his next period his work became quite consistent in theme and style but his paintings still lacked contrast, color, strong composition, and his unique subject matter he eventually developed and became famous for. His paintings of figures made of stones expressed his search for his voice as well as his desire to learn classical oil painting technique working from life. He made set ups of stones to paint from them like any realist artist would do. In the pictures below you can see Dali’s attempts to paint his unique ideas from life.

    Dali-theater museum in Figueres, Spain | Salvador Dali paintings of stones

    dali museum spain_lithography and sculpture_web
    This lithography prints and a sculpture illustrate Salvador Dali’s unique voice and expression that were getting close to his most famous paintings in the surrealism style, exploring the subconscious mind or dreams such as the Persistence of Memory in 1931…

    Inside the museum you find both paintings and installations. This is one of them. The top image shows a big prism/mirror through which you can see a display of objects below – they become a female face, which is a form of op art.

    The art museum doesn't have many famous paintings inside. I think most of them are in private art collections and art museums in the US and Europe. However, it gives a good overview of his early career and experimentation before arriving at his famous surrealist art style.

    dali museum spain_various painting styles
    It’s quite amazing to face the Dali’s progression from bad art to beautiful surrealism. Here we can see Dali’s various painting styles before arriving at his signature surreal paintings of dreams and subconscious mind….

    Salvador Dali surrealist jewelry in Spain

    dali museum figueres spain dali jewelry-veronica winters art blog
    Dali museum in Figueres, Spain | One of Dali’ jewelry pieces shown at the Spanish museum

    While the Dali Theater-museum in Figueres doesn’t display top art collection of Salvador Dali painting, a surprising gem is a separate building of the museum filled with surreal jewelry pieces! Dali’s talent and vision manifests itself in his original, animated jewelry. It combines the use of painting, metals, precious stones and built-in mechanisms to animate jewelry pieces, creating a surreal feeling. In his surreal jewelry we see emotion of the beating Ruby heart. We can watch an icon-like piece with an opening and closing door. There is a revolving, sparkling cornstalk with flapping angel’s wings.

    dali museum figueres spain-- surreal jewelry by dali--ruby heart-veronica winters art blog
    Ruby Heart at the Dali museum in Spain. The red part of the heart has the movement imitating the heart beat!

    It’s not enough to have a talent. Over the years I had a chance to teach art to numerous wonderful students, including several super-talented high school students who could have become skillful artists someday. None of them went to an art college after graduation for various reasons. Talent itself isn’t a prerequisite to have a successful artistic career. Talent doesn’t equal to an obsessive desire to succeed as an artist. There are lots of people with artistic talents who are not strong enough to push themselves forward when it gets really tough. There is not enough introspection and drive. Those artists can create to the point of meeting requirements only, and leave the profession way before they can develop fully to succeed. While it looks like a negative statement, obsessiveness becomes a necessity in creative profession to overcome daily challenges. It also enforces perseverance, develops social skills and builds goals along the way. Artists become artists when they understand that they can’t live without the very process of art creation.

    dali museum figueres spain dali jewelry-veronica winters art blog
    Dali museum in Figueres, Spain | This is a closeup of the Dali’ jewelry piece exhibited at the Spanish museum

    By looking at the Dali’s career trajectory we must consider our own impatience with ourselves and what talent means in short term and in the long run. If he gave up in the beginning of his career, he wouldn’t be famous surrealist painter making history today. When I browse through my files of old artwork, I can’t believe the fact that I can paint so much better today. Improvement is not instant. There is no magic dust in the process of learning. It’s all about steady work and commitment to the art form. We all want to have quick results, but to get there patience with yourself is a requirement. When students call me to study art, I don’t look at their “talent.” While Talent will be developed and cultivated, I teach art because people need art education. Art, theater and music are about introspective work and emotion. Society values merchandise over experiences. Public school is largely about cranking formulas and testing. There are not enough classes to feed the soul.  I simply wish to expend my students’ worldview with art because talented kids is the future.

     

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    Jewelry piece by Salvador Dali
     

    Dali museum in Spain: https://www.salvador-dali.org/en/museums/dali-theatre-museum-in-figueres/ (If you decide to visit this museum, be aware that the tickets are sold by day and time due to great popularity and a constant influx of people. Plan ahead and buy them online to ensure your visit.)

    Dali museum in Figueres, Spain | One of Dali' jewelry pieces shown at the Spanish museum

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    Hyperrealist oil paintings and colored pencil drawings_veronica winters blog

    Contemporary art hyperrealism: 10 amazing artists who crush it

    Hyperrealist oil paintings and colored pencil drawings

    Even if you are not an art geek, you can’t deny the fact that hyperrealist art commands attention and let’s us appreciate the incredible artistry of new generation of artists. Although hyper-realism is still a gentle spring in the river of contemporary art cacophony, it’s been gaining prominence among art collectors, galleries and art museums alike for the past two decades. An offshoot of photorealism, contemporary art hyperrealism takes photography to a whole new level when we see not only a faithful copying of reality, but also a highly artistic interpretation of the subject, light and meaning that result in beautiful works of art.

    Aesthetic, visual perception, cultural impact and unique narrative play a great role in creation of hyper-realistic paintings today. Unlike almost mechanical copying of reality we observe in photorealism painting, contemporary hyper-realists focus more on creative design, story, and emotion, painting from their combination of references. Although photography is an integral part to this creative process, knowing how to take great reference and to use it well is a highly artistic skill that’s unique to every contemporary artist you see here. While subjects may vary greatly from still life to portraiture to imaginative realism, the hyperrealism art is about creation of new reality – the illusion so real, you  want to reach out and touch it. The following artists share their unique vision with us, inviting viewers into their personal reality. By reading their statements here you can understand how individual and complex their emotional journey is to arrive at their present state of visual excellence in art.

    Contemporary hyperrealist artists

    Sheryl Luxenburg

    hyperrealist artists
    Sheryl Luxenburg, Light On My Shoulder, acrylic on paper, 24×36 inches, 2014

    This painting is about growing up and reaching adult maturity. Really about the fact that it often can take aging to our senior years, to finally understand what this means.

    Canadian hyperrealist painter, Sheryl Luxenburg works in watercolor, airbrush, and acrylic paint to depict women in intense psychological states of confusion, dread, conflict, anger or numbness that often mirror the artist’s past emotions. Her female figures are pressed against misted glass or submerged in water to express a fatigued state of mind we may experience in distress. Luxenburg’s interest in human condition comes from her vast practice as a licensed psychotherapist specializing in trauma and PTSD.

    Contact: www.sherylluxenburg.com

     

    Jason de Graaf

    hyper-realistic paintings
    Jason de Graaf, Latitude, 33 x 37,” acrylic on panel.

    For me my paintings are a way of communicating with the world. Not necessarily about communicating concrete ideas about anything but more to express my sense of humor and taste, my perspective on life, the human condition, the art world and the absurdity.

    Dramatically lit, hyperrealistic paintings of a Canadian artist Jason de Graff are carefully constructed still lifes that become alternate reality. Depicting specular reflections with incredible mastery, Jason often arranges his objects horizontally to balance all the shapes out with ardent perfection. Utilizing cool color palette, hyper-realistically painted glass, books, berries and even earbuds almost feel alive, having an unexplained connection to each other, telling a story. Strategically placed a pop of color – red in gummies, marbles and berries alike infuses the artist’s paintings with striking visual balance and enigma. Every acrylic painting shows Jason’s incredible sense of color, mood and design. In de Graaf’s artwork we see familiar objects that take on new roles and attributes to mesmerize us.

    Contact: http://www.jasondegraaf.com/ and https://www.instagram.com/jason_de_graaf/

     

    Jacob A. Pfeiffer

    hyperrealistic paintings
    Jacob A. Pfeiffer, “Party Crasher”, 27 x 17 inches, oil on panel, 2017

    The objects I include in my paintings are often deeply personal and remind me of something joyful or silly that I have experienced.  Creating whimsy and beauty in my art is most meaningful to me. With my tongue firmly planted in my cheek, I try to infuse my subject matter with visual puns, wordplay and metaphor in order to offer the viewer a respite from the serious times that we live in.

    American hyperrealist painter, Jacob A. Pfeiffer works in warm and neutral palette of colors to create humorous and simple oil paintings that make us ponder over levitating sacks of fruit, bowling balls, goldfish or shoes, which strike a perfect relationship to objects below them. These realist paintings show the influence of Magritte when objects are taken out of their expected context and placed into a new environment irrationally. In his work however, Pfeiffer manages to create a deliberate, psychological relationship between such objects. For example, we see a goldfish in a fish tank with three paper planes hoovering over it. Titled “Flying fish,” this realistic painting makes us think of the importance of the environment we may be in to actually be able to fly, or perhaps the fact that the fish can’t fly per se. In “Party crasher” we observe a play of words and objects, creating a visual riddle in his painting. Classically trained, the artist brings humanity into his hyperrealistic painting that becomes a lot more significant than a plain recreation of reality.

    Contact: http://www.jacobapfeiffer.com/

     

    Jane Jones

    contemporary art realism painting
    Jane Jones, Rose Duet, 29 x 36, 2018, oil on canvas

    Every one of my paintings is a prayer for the appreciation and preservation of nature. For an artist, nature is a vast subject.  My choice is to focus on the details that I find so intriguing; flowers.  When they are infused with sunlight the colors are breathtaking, and the curves, curls and sweeps of the petals create a mesmerizing dance.  Frequently I include rocks in my compositions as reminders that everything upon which life depends, comes from the Earth. I am concerned about the disruption of the balance of nature, and have to believe in and paint the everyday triumphs of nature. The aesthetic pleasure of illuminated colors and forms is obvious in my paintings.  I am also interested in beauty.  It is something people respond to, is uplifting and hopeful…the desire for it is universal.  Flowers occupy the elevated level of beauty, which moves us and evokes notes of aspiration to vibrate within us.

    Jane Jones is an American artist who paints colorful flowers with poetic simplicity. Gorgeous textures and vivid colors of tulips, irises and roses stir our imagination. Thanks to home gardening in Colorado, the artist is able to capture the crisp light on her favorite subjects with remarkable clarity and detail. Painting in classical tradition, the artist manifests her love for nature in beautiful compositions that exhibit an unbelievable sense of balance among flowers, fabric and background space.

    If you’re interested to learn about Jones’ oil painting techniques, go to the artist’s website to browse a selection of helpful materials. Contact:  http://www.janejonesartist.com/

     

    Sharon Sprung

    hyperrealism painting
    Sharon Sprung, The Screenwriter’s Daughter, oil on panel, 36 x 42″

    My paintings are a carefully observed negotiation, manipulated layer upon layer in order to create a work of art as equivalent as possible to the complexity of real life. They are an attempt to control the almost uncontrollable substance that is oil paint, and the equally untamable expression of the human condition.

    American artist Sharon Sprung paints from female models directly to create colorful oil paintings that unite subjects with their space. Her nude, semi-nude, and clothed models have no predictable luster, rather they convey sensuality coming from personal strength, confidence and resilience. The painted women look comfortable posing or at rest, modeling in space of the Art Students League of New York where the artist is also an instructor of painting.

    Contact: http://www.sharonsprung.com/

     

    Jesse Lane

    jesse lane hyperrealistic colored pencil drawings
    Jesse Lane, Adrenaline, 40 x 27 inches, colored pencils on paper

    Throughout my body of work, I tell stories of recovery.  Adrenaline is about accepting loss.  While the water is beating down on the figure, his pose remains somewhat graceful.  Rather than becoming beaten down, he seems to thrive off of what’s hitting him.  Struggle can do that to us.  While it beats us down at first, eventually we rise up stronger because of it.

    Jesse Lane creates unbelievable, hyperrealistic colored pencil drawings that often become his self-portraits, showing signs of personal survival, acceptance, and strength. Both male and female figures are exposed to dramatic lighting conditions reminiscent of Caravaggio and Rembrandt. Set under a strong, directional yellow light, the artist’s close-up portraits are more than hyperreal – they are emotionally intense. Colored pencil drawing is an incredibly slow process and such large-scale work commands the artist’s dedication and love for the art form to produce realistic figurative drawings.

    Contact: RJD Gallery, Bridgehampton, NY | http://rjdgallery.com/artist/jesse-lane/

    Karen Hollingsworth

    hyperrealistic oil paintings
    Karen Hollingsworth, Rescue

    I’ve struggled with these questions (defining meaning in art) since the beginning of my art career. I usually think of myself as a pretty introspective person, and someone who searches for meaning in my life. But since the 1st time people asked me to explain the meaning in my paintings I have struggled to find it. The way I find my subject matter for my paintings seems to be a real gut instinct. I see something, in my real life, nature, other artists work, even an interesting tv show or movie. And it stirs my imagination and I start to build a concept for a composition. I’ll work with a drawing, adding and subtracting elements intuitively, till I get this rush of emotion that tells me I’m onto something good. I keep working with it, using photography and Photoshop to put together something that actually makes me joyful. Then I begin the painting using my reference photos.

    But after the process is over, painting finished and sent away, I sometimes get a clearer insight into what might have motivated me. For many years my paintings were based on a series I called ” WindowScapes”. They were what I like to call “gentle rooms”. Not fussy, simple furniture and wood floors. A room I would find peaceful. Behind the furniture, would be a window, also simple, double hung, divided light, commonly found in homes. But then the drama comes in by adding an open window with white curtains flowing in a breeze, and through the window a soothing scene. Gentle oceans and soft mountains. After composing these images, it always felt like I had cured what ailed me.

    Later, I started to understand that to me , the world , like the oceans and mountains, was beautiful and exciting, but because I feel so vulnerable at times, I created a world where the safety and separateness of experiencing it from through a window made me feel protected. And I’ve experienced some losses in my life, and I believe the empty chairs in my paintings might be spaces for those losses. Or maybe the empty chairs are waiting for me or the viewer to fill with ourselves. 

    For the last 10 or 12 years, I’ve been trying to move towards a vegan diet. I’m terribly disturbed by what happens to animals on factory farms. I hate needless suffering, especially to defenseless animals. So my images are about escaping! Animals getting free from these horrible tragic lives. And as I write this, I realize that I also feel the weight of suffering in my own life and my need to escape from it, so I personally feel this need to escape my suffering too. I don’t want to get too preachy, but when I realized that a meat based diet was the reason for so much disease in our lives, and destruction of our planet, and created so much suffering to the animals and humans who have to work in the slaughter houses, it just seemed like a no brainer to me. I stopped contributing to it by eating a plant based diet, and began to create images with animals that hopefully will cause people to have more empathy for these wonderful creatures we get to share our world with.

    So the painting I’m showing here is titled “Rescue” through the kindness and courage of the sheep and the crow, a rescue mission is in progress to save the bunnies. Under the dark of night, with only the light of a partial moon and bright star, these hopeful creatures have taken their future into their own “paws”. I wish them only the best!

    Contact: http://www.karenhollingsworth.com/index.html

     

    Sharon Siew Suan Kow

    hyperrealism colored pencil drawings
    Sharon Kow, In This Quiet Moment, 14 x 20 inches (35 x 50 cm), colored pencils on paper

    There is something about quietness.  That particular moment where we are able to hear our innermost thoughts. A time for reflection, contemplation with a hint of melancholy. To retreat into the quietness is not selfish, it is a dissonance that we need to appreciate what we have, to mature and transfigure us. Being an artist, a moment of quietness is priceless. It is a time when I can be my true self, to listen to my inner voice. I let out all of the anger, bitterness and sadness that were buried deep inside without hurting anyone else. It is a way to purge out all those negative thoughts and thereafter, move on with a positive mind.

    Sharon is one of few hyperrealist colored pencils artists working in Malaysia. What’s even more fantastic that the artist became one in her early forties, grasping the drawing concepts so quickly. While her hyperreal drawings rely on photography, the artist portrays more than snapshots of color and light in her art. Many of her pieces depict close-ups of elaborate mechanical constructions, such as an old typewriter, broken clock mechanisms, rusted chains and metal parts. Such colored pencil drawings communicate a feeling of subtle melancholy and introspection with Time playing a crucial role in all human experiences.

    Contact: http://sharonsskow.com/

     

    Emanuele Dascanio

    hyperrealistic drawing
    Emanuele Dascanio, The Father doesn’t want a divorce with Die Mutter, charcoal & graphite on paper, 80x65cm

    I focus more not on the specific pieces of art, but more on the way to do art. I try to do something that mirrors our constantly changing world, our vision and the way we live. It’s introspective and emotional. I balance art with science and emotion to create my images. I don’t call myself an artist, rather an authority to make order of things. The dust on paper is not very important, but how I make order of this dust to appear as a complete image is my job. While my images represent something different, I love to take some reference from the past because only if you know where we come from, we know where we are going.

    Italian hyperrealist artist Emanuele Dascanio works in charcoal, pencil and paint to depict life as he sees it – gigantic and powerful. Spectacular lighting creates mystery in his hyperrealistic drawings and paintings that depict people and still life alike with sensual realism. Classically trained, the artist also uses photography to capture fast-moving details, such as running water or purged juice on the fruit to incorporate these effects into his art. Influenced by Raphael, Michelangelo and Caravaggio, the artist mostly draws from life to create sublime images of light and dark.

    Contact: http://emanueledascanio.org/

     

    Sergey Piskunov

    hyperrealistic artists
    Sergey Piskunov, Girl in pink II, oil painting

    The water’s surface reflects the combination of cold blue and warm peach encountered at the intersection of two elements. This painting gives us the opportunity to see a familiar world at an unusual angle that is hauntingly beautiful and striking.

    Ukrainian artist Sergey Piskunov paints portraits of women submerged in water, cellophane and even facial masks. Some sexual, some not the lighthearted portraits look incredibly real with facial expressions and color choices capturing the mood of joy and fun.

    Contact: https://www.facebook.com/piskunovart/

    In conclusion, artist’s personality and dedication to the art form determines the nature and outcome of the painting process. While being introspective, every generation of artists reflects on the world, leaving social, cultural or even political commentary in art. In this roundup of hyperrealist artists we can observe a testament to deliberate process that’s emotionally charged. So let’s cross our fingers for this art form to create a positive change in our tumultuous world.

    Please contact all artists directly.

    Other hyper-realist artists to check out:

    Marcello Barenghi, Heather Rooney, Tjalf Sparnaay, Douglas Flynt, Yigal Ozeri, Clio Newton, Mike Dargas, Alyssa Monks, and Collin Bogle.

    Check out visionary art for sale

    To continue reading:

    https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hyperrealism – definitions

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)

     

    koh in noor colored pencils review

    Koh-i-Noor colored pencils & drawing paper review

    In this article you’ll find information about Koh-i-Noor colored pencils and Koh-i-Noor drawing paper. I also include the video of these products you can find below. I’m not an affiliate and I write reviews for the art supplies I actually use in my drawings. Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth is a Czech republic manufacturer and distributor of art supplies and stationery. Founded in 1790 by Joseph Hardtmuth of Austria, this company makes affordably-priced, quality art supplies.

    koh-i-noor colored pencils review

    Koh-i-Noor colored pencils review

    • Lightfastness: varies, but good overall
    • Durability: fair
    • Softness: varies, on softer side
    • Price: very competitively priced
    • Pigment saturation/vividness: good

    Koh-i-Noor Polycolor colored pencils, 72 colors

    koh i noor polycolor review _veronica winters blog

    I have a large, 72 colors set and I’ve done several colored pencil drawings using this set. Overall, these are good colored pencils for art students. They are not as creamy as Prismacolor Premier or Luminance but layer quite nicely that requires minimal blending drawing on smooth paper. So they’re ok for beginner art students.

    Hardness/softness:

    The softness is good but not great. Because they are not super soft like Prismacolor Premier, you can create lots of details drawing with Polycolor. I think they are good to draw details over the initial layering done in softer colored pencils. Drawing backgrounds and shading over large areas can be very time-consuming. Occasionally, they break during sharpening.

    Color/pigment saturation:

    Because they are not as creamy as Luminance or Prismacolor, they don’t have exceptional saturation/vividness. However, these pencils will pleasantly surprise you with their range of beautiful colors and fair color saturation. Some colors seem to be softer and more vivid than others in a set.

    Price:

    Koh-i-Noor Polycolor box sets are very competitively priced and are worth your dollars if you are a student on a budget. However I’d choose Prismacolors over this brand for higher pigment saturation and softness.

    Lightfastness chart:

    Here you can take note of the lightfastness rating. Koh-i-noor colored pencils vary in its ability to withstand the light, which is similar to the Prismacolor Premier. Most Polycolor colored pencils have a very good lightfastness rating. So, if the lightfastness is important to you, you can weed out all the fugitive colors out of the set from the get go (1-2 stars are fugitive colors).

    This is one of the drawings completed using the koh-i-noor Polycolor colored pencils.

    Koh-i-noor woodless colored pencils review

    koh i noor woodless colored pencils review

    These colored pencils are very similar to Koh-i-Noor Polycolor. They seem to be a bit softer, layer nicely, and some colors seem to be richer in pigment saturation than others. It’s nice to sharpen them to a fine point and then use the pencil on details and large areas alike, but their main problem is breakage. Two pencils broke in half by themselves when I began drawing with them.

    This is one of the drawings completed using the koh-i-noor woodless colored pencils and a white pen on colored paper.

    Koh-i-Noor Tri-Tone

    These are really fun pencils to color with! Each colored pencil consists of 2-3 hues you can color with by rotating the pencil to change the color. They are pretty soft and vivid. You can really explore your funky side drawing with Tri-Tone. I think they are great for general coloring and gift-giving. They can be fun for both teens and adults to make small drawings or to work on a coloring page, but their main downside is considerable breakage during sharpening. The lightfastness is pretty good according to the manufacturer’s list.

     

    Koh-i-Noor Drawing Paper review

    koh i noor drawing paper and colored pencils_veronica winters blog

    I absolutely love koh-i-noor drawing paper and its my favorite now! I only wish the manufacturer could come up with a bunch of bright colored papers. Koh-i-noor manufactures drawing papers with several surfaces: Bristol smooth, Bristol vellum and colored pencil. All of them have thick pages and accept multiple layering, which is great for colored pencil drawing. The surfaces are smooth, yet the minimal texture of Colored Pencil Drawing and Bristol Vellum papers aids to smooth and even layering that requires no blending with solvents, and some minimal blending with a pencil blender like Caran d’Ache full blender. Link to Amazon.

    Koh-i-noor black drawing paper has very thin pages but the surface is truly amazing to work on. It is very smooth with just the right paper tooth to grab the color. The in & out pages feature is also really great because I can take a page out, draw on it, and then put it right back into the album for storage.

    Here you can see how these koh-i-noor drawing pads look inside.

    These are some of my drawings completed on koh-i-noor drawing paper.

    The silent one, romantic pencil drawing by Veronica Winters
    The Silent One, 9×12″, romantic pencil drawing, private collection, koh-i-noor bristol smooth

    Check out all video courses here: https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/

     

    contemporary art history, contemporary art history_learn what makes it great

    Contemporary art: learn what makes it great

    In the first video you got introduced to classical painting created before the 20th century. In this article let’s talk about some contemporary art to figure out why some “childish” paintings cost millions while relatively good art remains undervalued. Before I say anything about it, I’d like to note that I’m not an art critic, and I’m here not to judge artists, rather I’d like to explain what’s great about contemporary painting, so you’d consider my understanding of art to make your own decisions. I also encourage you to reach out to mentioned artists directly via their websites or Instagram. This video and writing are created as part of my mission to educate and inspire others to value art.

    Video #2

    Art & art marketing are two opposing forces

    When everything is entertainment and the entertainment is everything, provoking the public to engage with contemporary art becomes a necessity. Artists compete with the media and each other and often try to engage with the audience, either shocking you with their art, or innovating the process somehow that generates publicity, sparks a conversation, and engages you. Performance art, installation art, shinny sculpture or moving video image attract us a lot more than a silent wall painting. Contemporary art museums try to catch up with the social media and modern times, making installations that encourage interaction, taking of selfies and other social media activities. Contemporary art paintings often don’t make any sense unless they are explained. As viewers we are often forced not to rely on our senses judging the painting’s visuals that’s inherited from concept painting or abstract expressionism. We have to search for meaning in shown art in artist statements or curatorial writing.

    Jeff Koons  announced his art sculpture as a “gift” to Paris of the ‘Bouquet of Tulips’ that would cost a 3.5 million euros to install that would be funded by a fundraising. One of the wealthiest artists in the world, Koons donated his concept to the city that doesn’t cover the cost of construction.

    Quality of art hardly matters these days, and many artists are sold based on their publicity stunts and marketing efforts. Therefore popularity and name recognition that we call ‘branding’ becomes vital to the artist’s career. (We can look at great art marketers – Jeff Koons, Marina Abramovic, or Damien Hirst).

    While performance art can be powerful caring a message, it largely relies on a shock value to deliver that message. By following this link, you can see how low we as people can go, to take advantage of others. https://www.elitereaders.com/performance-artist-marina-abramovic-social-experiment/  Over the years I saw several installations by Abramovic, and they varied significantly in their message, shock value and impact.

    Marina Abramovic’s 6-hour performance art showed a quick escalation of sexual harassment and violence among people by letting them do whatever they wanted to her body.

    Not all artists travel this road and focus on cultivating their clientele based on their artistic vision and skill. If art is not political or socially charged, it’s much harder for an artist to get noticed based on vision, and this is the cornerstone for a lot of creatives out there. Does the artist change his mindset to work for the market attracting attention in new ways, or stays true to himself, creating art for the art’s sake?

    Copyright Jeff Koons, Balloon Dog

    Art buying tiers and social behavior

    Art buying has its own tier system. The lowest tier – is the tier of consumerism. Because we see artistic creations all around us, it desensitizes us and makes good art look unattractive, cheap and unnecessary purchase. We don’t buy originals, rather get posters and merchandise that makes practical sense because we either can’t afford the original of the contemporary artists we like, or we don’t want to make a commitment buying original art. Regardless the intent, most people buy prints. However, there is not much value in giclee prints in the long run. However, print sales support the aspiring artist, giving him/her a chance to develop artistically and not give up doing art. Limited edition signed prints hold more value for the collectors as well as allow artists to cover some of their studio costs.

    Some prints doe have value. These are hand-pooled lithographs, silkscreens and other prints made based on traditional methods in printmaking. Printmaking is the original art form where you can get a few multiples or additions.

    The middle tier – is where the market agrees to pay the artist anywhere between $100 and 1K for original art. The upper middle tier is where most artists want to sell their art because it covers the cost of living. These art collectors who buy original art at this price point love art and have the means to appreciate and support the artist.

    In the top tier purchases we see hedge fund managers and the ultra rich, who are mostly driven by financial investment rather than art appreciation. Today we see famous contemporary art selling at epic prices. Money becomes the absolute that determines the value of the artist and his work at the Sotheby’s and other art auction houses.

    (A Jean-Michel Basquiat painting rocketed to $110.5 million. The previous record was $105.4 million paid for Andy Warhol’s “Silver Car Crash, Double Disaster” four years ago. Pablo Picasso, Garcon a la pipe, 1881-1973 went for 104.168 million, Edvard Munch, the Scream, 1895 sold for $119.922 million). Obviously, these are the sales where art is bought and sold as an investment only. Most buyers are Wall street hedge fund managers, Russian oligarchs, oil magnates and other billionaires that push the art prices up. To understand this motivation isn’t hard. To see why visually terrible art sells, you can watch a documentary on Netflix titled Blurred Lines: inside the art world. Exit through the Gift Shop that shows you how an unknown street artist made his first million by taking risks and employing smart marketing tactics.

    Jean Michel-Basquiat, Untitled, 1982, Courtesy of Sotheby’s New York
    Willem de Kooning, Woman III, 1950s | Abstract expressionism

    So how do we decide what’s good or bad art? I’d like to encourage you to make your own judgement as opposed to relying on experts and art critics, if you’re not buying art for investment purposes only. You either love it or not. You decide what’s meaningful to you, what moves and engages you on a much deeper level that’s not associated with publicity stunts, big name investment or marketing gimmicks.

    The Smithsonian museum, Reclining Dress Impression with Drapery by Karen Lamonte, glass. I took this picture in the museum blown away by the complexity of its form that’s made of glass. http://www.karenlamonte.com/Artist-Talks-Lectures

     

    Art is a business

    Capitalism is unforgiving. This system of art sales leads to art market manipulation and the sales of art that’s not art but is represented as such to the wealthy by powerful dealers and curators. This is one of the reasons why we see ugly paintings at contemporary art fairs and art museums today. Art is a business and a collusion of sorts.

    Art galleries, curators and dealers have their own tiers. Many of them are vanity galleries that charge artists thousands of dollars for representation and those artists who can afford it become part of the fairs. Their art is not great or even good to be called art, but because they have a way of paying for their space, they receive representation from small curators and dealers who offset their costs, making a living this way.

    Financially strong and established galleries take on new artists who have consistent art production and sales as well as develop good relationship with the gallery owners. Competition among artists for getting into a really good gallery that takes care of the artist’s sales and pays 50% of the retail price is fierce. Competition for a spot under the sun encourages jealousy and rivalry among many contemporary artists I know, but not all. Many artists remain humble and sweet to their kind and tend to help out when asked properly.

    Art is a tough business for many small and medium size art galleries because of high overhead costs that often eat most of the profit. Many small galleries close, move or go out of business as people shop for art online more. And just like the retailers, they experience a loss of clientele. This trend gives independent artists an opportunity to sell their art directly to clients bypassing the middleman. Therefore, learning the art of business and online marketing for the artist is just as important as making art.

    Andy Warhol silkscreen print found at the auction in Naples, FL

    Art education today

    There is purposeful deskilling of art in college education. As a result of deconstructivism, abstract expressionism and concept art movements, artists have been forced to create art out of limitation, writing confusing artist statements about their work. The devaluing of representational art led to numerous colleges and universities to keep professors raised on concept art. Therefore college art education is limited to knowledge of its instructors. It’s often enough to look at their art to understand what you’ll be learning in class. If your aim is to study classical painting techniques in such universities, you’ll see lots of resistance and little instruction in this area as the main goal of college art education in studio painting is to work on your concept in art as opposed to growing your skill, vision, and business mindset. A student who decides to learn classical oil painting techniques often faces confusing opinions that don’t lead to constructive criticism because there is no standard left in art to aspire to. There are no rules or apprenticeships available to follow the footsteps of the established master painter as it used to be for centuries before the modernism. If a student aims to study realism, he is often a loner who receives no business or artistic tools necessary to make it in the art world after graduation. While we can see a rise in the classical training ateliers today, the art world is still largely dominated by abstract and conceptual art that you find in the educational system at college level.

    As an antidote to this established system we see a revival and surge of realism in painting and education now. Atelier schools, artists’ studios and some universities have been popping up all around the country in the past decade. Such spaces include the Grand Central Academy of Art in New York, Anthony Ryder’s school in Santa Fe (www.theryderstudio.com ), and Nelson Shanks’ school Studio Incamminati in Philadelphia. (www.studioincamminati.org), etc. Many realist artists teach their oil painting techniques both online and in studio.

    I must say that not every abstract is bad, just like not every conceptual piece is boring, or realist painting is great. My point is that artists should have a choice in their college education as opposed to ‘fitting in’ in the environment that doesn’t allow for personal growth in the direction the artist aspires to go to.

    Because art conforms to no previously established rules and standards in art education we find it very hard to determine and value art today. To read any modern or contemporary artwork we have to look at artist’s mission, background and upbringing besides the visual element itself, which we call ART. Branding is often more important than art.

    contemporary art painting
    Copyright Roos van der Vliet, Storytellers XII, acrylics on canvas |http://www.roosvandervliet.com/

    This contemporary portrait painting by Roos van der Vliet from the Netherlands is a wonderful example of great personal vision coupled with amazing acrylic painting technique. By looking at her paintings of women we ask questions about identity and alienation that we often feel being in a crowd of people, yet standing alone.

    Major art patrons a century ago:

    • The Frick collection
    • Andrew W. Mellon collection
    • The Phillips collection in the U.S.
    • The Tretykov gallery collection in Moscow, Russia and so on.

    Art players and influencers today:

    • Charles Saatchi & Larry Gagosian as well as other top art dealers
    • contemporary art museum top curators
    • Art investment firms and houses such as Sotheby’s.
    • Loot at MEI/Moses Fine Art Index explains the appreciation of art as a financial investment.

    In this article you can read about art influencers:

    https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-gatekeepers-tastemakers-decide-call-art?utm_source=sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=10281912-Editorial-08-08-17&utm_term=ArtsyTopStoriesWeekly

     

    Nicole_Finger_Gossamer_24x36_oil-hooked on art podcast
    Nicole_Finger_Gossamer_24x36_oil-hooked on art podcast

     

    5 Artistic Elements that make great art

    Here I’d like to talk about 5 major artistic elements that contribute to creation of great art. A lot of people consider art being great based on just two factors – the realistically painted tiny details and the overall brightness of a picture (paint). I’d like to shatter this myth by explaining that both of these factors are not sufficient to make quality art. It’s very easy to create paintings with bright pigments coming out of the tube. What’s much harder to achieve is color mixing of muted colors that create harmony. The same goes for details. Details are just details, if a painting doesn’t have a story behind it, or composition is weak, or it simply looks too decorative, it’s not great art.

    MARCO GRASSI HOFA gallery at art wynwood miami
    MARCO GRASSI HOFA gallery at art wynwood miami, 2023

    Looking at contemporary art we can either get carried away by the artist’s technical mastery or by the unprecedented innovation. It doesn’t mean that traditionally executed painting is not innovative, innovation is always there in a new way of seeing things. Most importantly, we find something in a painting that resonates deep within us and enhances our lives whether it’s abstract or realist art.

    The most important  artistic elements that contribute to creation of great painting and 3-D art are personal vision, emotion, innovation, use of color and design as well as the technical ability to communicate the feeling.

    A great example of contemporary art painting that combines vision, innovation and great skill is the art of Cesar Santos |https://www.santocesar.com/ | YouTube Santos is a contemporary Cuban-American artist who has painted a series of paintings titled Syncretism. This famous contemporary artist combines various, often opposing artistic tendencies in a pleasing balance. Cesar Santos’s realistic paintings integrate oil paint, charcoal and crayons, and portraits feature common people that become removed from their usual surroundings and placed in oil paintings with new space for them to live in. The artist’s amazing skill in classical painting helps him create powerful art that looks fresh and modern.

    Copyright Cesar Santos, Magdalenes niece, oil on linen
    Cesar Santos, James, 36×28″ oil and crayon

    Ali Cavanaugh | www.alicavanaugh.com

    Copyright Ali Cavanaugh, Astral 8×8″

    Ali Cavanaugh paints her four children as watercolor portrait abstractions. Her original watercolor paintings have the feeling of spontaneity and freedom, yet the faces remain anatomically correct and alive. The artist paints on kaolin clay boards look like frescoes displayed without glass.

    #1 Story & Emotion

    Art is not created in vacuum. Artists absorb, filter through and reflect on personal experiences. They challenge our views, question values and bring beauty and emotional peace into our world. Story and feelings in the painting define the artist’s voice or style.

    Sean Mahan | seanmahanart.com

    Copyright Sean Mahan, Lost and Found, graphite/acrylic on wood

    Sean Mahan is a figurative artist who paints a “sense of wonder about innate human sweetness.” The artist creates images of girls and boys busy with mundane tasks yet removed-from-this-world-expressions that produce a feeling of contradiction. Mahan paints in acrylic and graphite on wood to produce his contemporary art paintings.

    Art as personal expression

    We can look at art as personal expression. A lot of artists can’t articulate verbally why they paint because it comes from within and shows what we experience inside us. We paint emotions in visual symbols. If we are bitter, art shows that. If we are loving, art expresses it. A vast majority of art is created as means of personal expression today unlike the classical art.

    Artist’s aesthetic plays a big part in a painting style. For classical artists beauty is the highest aim in any subject we paint idealizing the figure, which is the opposite to aesthetic of so many modern and contemporary artists. Ugliness finds its home in art just as beauty once did. (Look at Willem de Kooning’s paintings of women vs. William-Adolphe Bouguereau’ art).

    This is one of the first artists I’ve discovered almost two decades ago. His unique artistic voice has captivated me ever since. The Canadian artist, Rob created amazing colored pencil drawings of illusion and magic realism art. I’m very saddened to write that Rob committed a suicide in late 2017.

    Copyright: Rob Gonsalves, Star Dust

    Rob Gonsalves | www.facebook.com/RobGonsalves.Official

    contemporary art
    Copyright Rob Gonsalves, The Arboreal Office

    Christian Schloe | www.facebook.com/ChristianSchloeDigitalArt

    surreal art
    Copyright Christian Schloe
    surreal art
    Copyright Christian Schloe

    This artist creates soulful digital artwork so sincere that it feels just as powerful as a real painting. His sense of color and design helps articulate powerful emotions of love, contemplation, curiosity and melancholy.

    Art as ideology

    A lot of art has been created to celebrate the country’s ideology and order. For instance, the Soviet Union art of the 50-s can be easily called propaganda art, but it also served a higher purpose lifting people’s morale to work for better good. The country took great care of its artists by giving them free studios, organized big exhibitions, commissioning and paying for work. The downside was the limitation on the subject of painting.

    The Soviet art

    I took these pictures back in 2015 during a large-scale exhibition happening near the Kremlin. An extensive review of the Soviet art created in the 50s-70s shows people at work building a new era of prosperity for the people.

    We can also look at art that’s created as a rebellion against its government and social order. Chinese contemporary artist Ai Weiwei often criticizes his government. The U.S. is also so divided politically that these feelings of division branch out to art. We can find paintings of both Hillary and Trump at art fairs, galleries and exhibitions.

    Art can also become more sarcastic as we see in this painting of Trump and Putin by Tony Pro https://www.tonypro-fineart.com/dataviewer.asp

    tony pro_trump painting
    Copyright Tony Pro, Donald Trump, oil on linen, 16 x 12″
    Tony Pro, Vladimir Putin
    Martín Mancera, Putin, mixed media,78in galeria casa cuadrada art wynwood- veronica winters art blog
    Martín Mancera, Putin, mixed media,78in galeria casa cuadrada art wynwood 2023

    Art as social commentary

    Some artists like to leave social commentary and to reflect our culture back at us. Famous modern art artist Andy Warhol commemorated consumption in his famous paintings. Contemporary artist Alex Gross paints images of people with the message of antisocial networking, media control and online self-absorption. He often incorporates worldwide brands, pop culture and cliché symbols into his paintings. www.alexgross.com

    Alex Gross, Zeitgeist Oil on Canvas 37.5 x 60.5 2015

     

    #2 Artistic vision and Technical Innovation

    Artistic vision is the most important element in contemporary art and is the hardest to develop, producing consistent paintings and 3-D art.

    The innovation takes different forms:

    1. Unique vision often leads to innovation in the depiction of a form.
    2. Unique vision pushes artists to explore the surfaces and materials to create contemporary art.
    3. Unique approach is present in the narrative figurative painting.
    4. Unique vision channels the artist in art installations designed to create personal experiences. Check out the infinity rooms by Japanese artist Kusama, feminist art by Judy Chicago, and numerous video installations or immersive experiences like by Studio Drift.

    Kehinde Wiley | www.kehindewiley.com 

    Exploring contemporary painting we must notice figurative paintings of African-American artist Kehinde Wiley. His paintings are steeped in European art history and portraiture. They also reveal his sense of color and design. The artist often presents ordinary-dressed African-American men and women as aristocracy  in his vibrant oil paintings, removing the figures from expected environment of the streets and placing them into a culture of high art. His most recent project is the unveiled official portrait of Mr. Obama for the Smithsonian.

    contemporary art portrait painting

    Obj. No. 2006.14 Photo No. s55076.CT.1
    Kehinde Wiley (American, b. 1977), Willem van Heythuysen, 2006, Oil and enamel on canvas, 96”H x 72”W Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond. Arthur and Margaret Glasgow Fund. Photo: Katherine Wetzel © Virginia Museum of Fine Arts

    martin r. herbst, hidden treasures at art fair 2018

    Carole Feuerman

    Carole Feuerman, Survival of Serena, hyper-realism sculpture
    Carole Feuerman, Survival of Serena, hyper-realism sculpture on view at Art Basel Miami 2017.

    Carole Feuerman is a contemporary hyperrealist sculptor who creates indoor and outdoor sculptures that symbolize strength and balance. In her studio in New York, she makes casts from real people, then paints over them and adds Swarowski crystal beads, hair and eyelashes.

    Another contemporary artist who creates 3-D art is Rogan Brown. His wall art pieces present us with intricate designs and delicate paper cuts reminiscent of natural organic growth we could observe under a microscope. There is a great sense of poetry in his paper sculptures that evoke feelings of death and rebirth. We want to get lost in these dreamlike multilayered forms.

    Copyright Rogan Brown paper cuts | roganbrown.com
    Copyright Rogan Brown paper cuts | roganbrown.com

     

    # 3 Composition & movement

    Strong contemporary art features great abstract design captured in shapes, colors, and diagonals, which create visual movement on canvas. As viewers we often don’t pay attention to painting’s design, captivated by other elements like details, color or facial expression, but the creative composition is a cornerstone to all great art. Movement lets us travel across canvas and leads us to the center of interest in contemporary art. Movement can be achieved in many ways that include placing often repetitive elements that create rhythm (Magritte, van Gogh) or atmospheric effects (Turner).

    Contemporary Russian artist Serge Marshennikov is one of the best figurative artists working today. His sense of movement, color, and anatomic accuracy shines in paintings of semi-nude women. The models are intentionally placed at diagonals, letting viewers travel across the form to never leave the canvas. The artist’s understanding of color harmonies and color temperature in skin tones and the surroundings is truly amazing. While Serge lives and works in St.Petersburg, he is represented by several art galleries in the U.S.

    Copyright Serge Marshennikov| Work-in-progress where we can see the unpainted areas and how real the female figure looks resting on a pillow.
    Copyright Serge Marshennikov, Serenity, oil painting | This figurative painting is a masterful depiction of form, where legs, feet, body and arms are placed at diagonals to create movement.
    Copyright Serge Marshennikov | Amazing details of fabric and lace are juxtaposed against the nude figure to create this sense of gentleness and fragility young women have. Airy and colorful in white, this fabric has soft strokes that define texture, supporting the figure.

     

    #4 Color

    Sophisticated color mixing may be hard to understand for a beginner in art. Here I’d like to explain the difference between professional painting and not so much so.

    Color harmony plays enormous visual significance in contemporary art just like it did in the masterworks. Representational artists spend years to learn how to mix colors and to design their color harmonies. Usually it involves learning how to mix the subdued colors that support the leading hue. A lot of contemporary art paintings have garish hues coming out straight from a tube. They are too bright, flat and unnatural-looking to any serious contemporary artist who paints from nature in realist tradition. The difference between professional artist painter and an amateur one lies in his understanding of paint, edges and light. By carefully controlling these three elements professional artists are able to create beautiful contemporary art.

    One of the famous contemporary artists who has mastered the color is Ed Minoff. His seascapes give us a chance to feel the power of nature in beautiful, subtle color harmonies. Such understanding of light and atmosphere comes from numerous studies and direct observation. Painting from life is a must for every aspiring artist who is serious about learning the traditional oil painting techniques. Edward Minoff works and teaches art in New York.

    Edward Minoff | www.edwardminoff.com

    perpetual by ed minoff

     

    #5 Painting Methods

    Painterly strokes vs. Classicism

    When we look at oil paintings, some appear hyperrealistic created with very smooth brushstrokes and others look loose with definite brushstrokes. This range of paint handling depends on artist’s personality and training. Both painterly and classical contemporary art can be equally good, if it’s painted with professionalism and from the heart. A lot of people don’t like the unblended brushstrokes, especially beginner painters, but this very type of painting is hard to achieve. Such loose brushstrokes look effortless to us, but this manner of painting actually carries years of experience learning to apply paint freely in just the right color and tone. Looking back at the art history Sargent and Zorn come to mind, employing loose, masterful brushstrokes to achieve freshness and realism in their paintings.

    John Singer_Sargent_Lady_Agnew Scottish National Gallery
    John Singer Sargent, Lady_Agnew

    Classical painting technique shows no visible strokes. Van Eyck and David are great examples in art history. A complete blending of strokes comes with deliberate application of paint and brushing over it with a soft, clean brush after that. Also, painting with smooth brushstrokes often involves the glazing technique. These are multiple layers of paint applied very thinly to create an effect of light and luminosity. This oil painting technique involves lots of planning to foresee the end result painting in glazes (Vermeer, van Eyck).

    Jacques-Louis_David death of marat
    Jacques-Louis_David death of Marat

    Jane Jones

    www.janejonesartist.com

    Contemporary still life painter Jane Jones works in realist tradition, painting flowers in luminous glazes. These flowers glow with light painted on panels. Careful compositions show remarkable mastery in achieving visual balance. The chiaroscuro effect of light and dark captivates the viewer instantly. If you’d like to learn about the artist’s oil painting technique, check out Jane’s art book, DVDs and more!.

    Copyright Jane Jones, Survivors, 68×43″ oil painting

    Painterly application of paint is a strong skill that’s often taken for granted. Being able to mix and apply paint in a single correct stroke involves lots of practice. We can explore painterly contemporary figurative art by Jeremy Mann. His personality is channeled through his aggressive and energetic strokes depicting streets and interiors, while the gentle hues in figurative painting capture his softer side. In his art, we can observe a thorough understanding of color impact and how it reverberates across the entire canvas.

    Nadezda_Jeremy Mann contemporary art
    Copyright Jeremy Mann, Nadezda, oil painting
    jeremy mann abandoned dream, contemporary figurative painting
    Copyright Jeremy Mann, Abandoned dream, oil painting

    Contemporary painting often involves a mix of painting techniques that we can see in this artwork by Katherine Stone | www.katestoneart.com . Thin glazes create an effect of transparency and depth in the hair and background, while a more painterly strokes make textures in a doll and a girl’s face.

    Copyright Kate Stone, A Certain Slant of Light, oil painting

    Stylized art

    An abbreviation of traditional methods and personal exploration leads to stylized art. When we look back at modern art, Gustav Klimpt and Mucha take prominent place in the world of art history. Their combination of materials is innovative for sure, but more importantly these artists’ work is based on a thorough understanding of human form. Their stylization doesn’t come from limitation (which is so common in contemporary painting), rather from their desire to find a unique voice in art that’s based on solid understanding of anatomy, color and composition. Therefore, their art is simply inspiring.

    mucha, art neuveau
    Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939), The precious stones: topaz, ruby, amethyst, emerald

    One of the examples in contemporary art painting stylization includes painting by Marco Grassi.

    Copyright Marco Grassi

    Sarah Joncas | sarahjoncas.ca

    A Canadian artist, Sarah Joncas stylizes her figures and patterns to create art in paint. Inspired by animation processes and techniques, her art carries this simplification of shapes, color and tones, supported by exquisitely balanced compositions. Beautiful female figures and portraits are often juxtaposed against city views, nature or flowers to set the mood.

    Copyright Sarah Joncas, fever Break,18×24″, oil and acrylic on panel

     

    Abstract art vs. Realism

    Traditional Realism involves a faithful depiction of light on a form studied from direct observation and Nature. But whenever we step away from it, other art forms take place.

    Abstract art is about strong design and color management. We can learn to appreciate contemporary painting by learning to see textures/impasto techniques that create visual movement on canvas. Famous modern abstract artists include Jackson Pollock who pushed the boundaries of concept painting in vigorous strokes and textures. His abstract expressionism art shows understanding of color and design. Splattered paint on large canvases creates rhythm and energy.

    Jackson Pollock, Blue Poles

    Contemporary abstract painting by Joanne Miller Rafferty is beautiful, mature, and experimental in its nature. Abstract landscapes are spontaneous yet refined juxtapositions of color, gold leaf, and shimmery texture. They are lifescapes with the artist’s distinctive way of observation. Her acrylic paintings are collage pieces that begin at the horizon line and end at the personal experiences of viewers gazing at Joanne’s art. The artist has experimented with the use of leafing, gold leaf, and silver, copper, and variegated varieties. Using a mixture of acrylic color combinations on top of leafing creates new effects that Joanne has discovered in her creative processes. Her painting techniques are included in the Art Lessons book

    Copyright Joanne Miller Rafferty, Timeless #2, 60×40

     Realism and Hyperrealism

    christian alexander albarracin-paper sculpture-blink group gallery-art wynwood
    christian alexander albarracin-paper sculpture-blink group gallery-art wynwood

    I hope that this roundup of famous contemporary artists and their art gives you some ideas and direction how you can explore and grow your appreciation of contemporary art by paying attention to your emotions, story, composition, color and design in art. Contemporary art serves the humanity as a record of our history. It also creates a lasting memory of feelings and events, and allows us to communicate raw emotion.

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Great art websites to browse figurative art, sculpture and more:

    ARC salon, the Met, National Gallery of Art, the Hermitage. Let me know if you have more resources/websites in mind.

    Action step: Next time you look at contemporary art, ask yourself what three unique qualities you see in art. Is it a story, design, color, or simply a strong feeling that moves you? Analyze what draws you in and why.

    Complete video series:

    Video #1 Part 1 – Learn what makes a painting great

    Video #1 Part 2 – Learn what makes a painting great 2: composition, color, emotion

    Video #2 Contemporary Art – you’re here!

    Video #3 How to take care of your art collection – coming soon!

    Video #4 How to frame art 

    Video # 5 Why you don’t need an interior designer to buy and display art in your home – coming soon!

    art palm beach fair 2018 review

    Art Palm Beach International 2018 highlights

    Art Palm Beach International 2018 is a much quieter show in comparison to the Art Basel and Art Context Miami.  The foot traffic commanded a much slower pace that actually allowed for thorough examination of contemporary art. Situated at the Palm Beach County Convention Center in West Palm Beach, Florida, the annual show consists of galleries showing art and sculpture with some installation work between January 18-21, 2018. As you often see in such fairs the quality of art hardly matters to be promoted and sold since there is no standard in art to adhere to in the first place. Craftsmanship doesn’t equal sales. We don’t listen to music or singing that is off key, but we are conditioned to look at terrible ‘art’. Not all presented contemporary art was bad at the fair, but visitors had plenty of chances to feel confusion and doubt in their understanding of art including me. In this article I to highlight some of the best pieces that were shown there as well as the worst ones, and a few artworks stuck in between the two categories.

    It’s challenging for the artist to combine new materials with the traditional ones to record his vision that stands the test of time. Paintings look fresh if the artist is able to innovate and to play with the surface itself where the canvas size matters. A new trend in painting and 3-D art is added sparkle with Swarovski crystal, diamond dust or glitter. I think it cheapens the art for the most part and makes it too decorative. Neon light messages get incorporated into canvas art, and wall art installations may surprise some tech gigs. Innovation, thought and craftsmanship all contribute to the quality of painting and 3-D art. Here you see these elements at play in different proportions and scale.

    If you’d like to learn more about the shown pieces, please contact the artists and galleries directly, I made every effort to identify each picture with the name of the artist or gallery representing him/her. If you see a mistake or want to add a name, please write to nika@veronicasart.com

    Art Palm Beach International 2018: highlights

    Video of selected works

    In the video you see a hand-carved/etched glass with a neon sign “Keep working sucker” by Zac Knudson, 30×51″, Evan Lurie Gallery, and a solar Icd units in plexiglass titled “Perceptual Mirror” 28x17x2″ by Sungchul Hong, Anthony Brunelli Fine Arts.

    Fake Fulfillment Center, Shawn Kolodny

    Fake Fulfillment Center  at ArtPalmBeach is a 3000-square-foot multi-sensory art installation by New York based artist  Shawn that confronts the reality of modern addiction in a fun way. It consists of a short maze with rooms depicting and confronting the overwhelming drug addiction in our society.

    Activation room: raise the caliber

    art palm beach 2018
    Activation room: raise the caliber

    Artists DetroitWick and Crow Studios transform pieces of guns that remain after they’ve been voluntarily turned in through gun buy back and amnesty programs or seized from crime scenes in America, into beautiful sculptures of lucite and prints. Percantage of sales is donated to the Caliber Foundation.

    Debra Steidel

    Steidel Contemporary Art Gallery

    Ethereal and delicate vases reminiscent of the ocean are expertly crafted by Debra Steidel. Their textures look like sand and waves.  Coral forms pull you in to touch the form and to feel the breeze of the waves. Visit steidelcontemporary.com to learn more.

    Arinze Stanley

    Hyperrealism from Nigeria, Arinze Stanley, “desolation” | The Art Plug

    Marco Grassi

    Ransom Art Gallery| Marco Grassi on the left | Isabelle Scheltjens on the right | To learn more: markransom.co.uk/

    Isabelle Scheltjens

    Isabelle Scheltjens | Ransom Art Gallery
    Isabelle Scheltjens | Ransom Art Gallery

    This painting is made of glass-fused mosaic! Like in some Dali paintings, Isabelle Scheltjens achieves unusual optical effects with her technique. The abstract image seen up close becomes a giant face observed from a distance.

    Unfortunately I don’t know the name of this artist who made this sculpture, but by looking at this man it makes me think of life and balance, and how challenging it maybe to achieve at times.

    Martin C. Herbst

    Martin C. Herbst, spheres | Anthony Brunelli Fine Arts | martincherbst.com

    B.1965, the artist creates a series of painted sculptures that are made of oil/lacquer on mirror-polished stainless steel. They range from 55 to 11 inches in diameter. Herbst paints a face on one half, and the other half of the sphere remains unpainted and becomes a distorting mirror (image below). The spheres rest on hidden rings and depending on the positioning of the sphere, the painted images change quite a bit. The idea for the spheres came to the artist from Italian painting by Parmigianino titled “Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror.”

    Martin C. Herbst, spheres
    Martin C. Herbst, Hidden treasure
    Martin C. Herbst, Hidden treasure

    The series hidden treasure explores the mystery of  reflection. We see a woman’s face as a reflection found within the aluminum folds. Mirrored painting moves and disappears in the folds depending on your point of view.

    A sculpture found on the floor at the Art Palm Beach 2018.

    Pablo Dona

    Pablo Dona, Serendipity
    Pablo Dona, Serendipity

    Pablo Dona creates whimsical installations pink, yellow and blue that are reminiscent of happy childhood. The artist aims to create a sense of magic that every child sees in commonplace objects and surroundings. Installations and photographs of tea cups, books and teacup sets with tiny people engaged in conversation, boat riding, swimming or walking have clean pastel colors that invite us to come back to that pure land of childhood. Whether you want to find it or not, you can contemplate your memories over tiny figures, rubber ducks and marshmallows.

     

    Irene Wijnmaalen

    Irene Wijnmaalen photography, first image: Princess of darkness, 49 inches square, c-print on dibond | Publichouseofart.com

    These portraits of women have mesmerizing effect where you just keep looking back at the faces. Influenced by the Dutch painting, Irene creates moving portraits of women that seem to be lost in time.

    Erin Anderson

    Sirona Fine Art | Erin Anderson, Karen with cloud cover, oil on copper, 36×30″

    B.1987, this young artist shows off her incredible talent painting figure on copper sheets. The artist creates visual comparisons between the figure and systems in nature. The metallic texture of the background is fascinating and creates movement and unusual shine, while figure painting follows classical art ideals and techniques.

    sirona fine art_erin anderson

    Tanja Gant

    Tanja Gant, Bacchus, colored pencil on paper | Sirona fine art

    Tanja Gant keeps us high on our toes with her colored pencil drawings that have a unique interpretation of ordinary subject, which goes far beyond realism and technical skill.

    Sungchul Hong

    Anthony Brunelli fine arts | Sungchul Hong, String hands, print on elastic strands

    B.1969, Korean multidisciplinary artist Sungchul Hong creates sculptural art out of strings. He prints photographs on elastic cords that he stretches over canvases or within steel frames. The images of grasping arms and hands look beautiful from a distance and puzzling up close. The construction of such images feels disruptive and you want to step back to see the unified piece. Artists often feel disconnected from the world, working alone in their studios. This sense of disconnect reveals itself in separate strings. In the video you can notice his wall art installation -blinking solar LCD units titled “Perceptual Mirror.” Grids of identical solar lcd units make changing flickering patterns that communicate life’s impermanence and isolation.

    anthony brunelli fine arts_sungchul Hong_ string hands 2

    Annalu Boeretto

    Ransom | Annalu Boeretto butterflies

    B. 1976, Annalu Boeretto lives in Venice, Italy but exhibits her liquid sculptures internationally.  Her mandala-like wall art mesmerizes us with light and lightness, natural beauty and liquidity. Influenced by the long history of Venetian glass blowing and water ways, she creates wall art from different materials that have beautiful sense of lightness and transparency common to water and glass. Fiberglass, resin and ink become Annalu’s materials that “freeze” pieces of nature in art. To learn more: www.annalu.it/

    ransom_annalu boeretto butterflies

    Pablo Caviedes

    Pablo Caviedes, “On the map”We can look at this image and just see a face, but when a giant plate turns sideways the face becomes the U.S. map.

    Jae Yong Kim

    Jae Yong Kim, donut think too much be happy 2013-17, ceramic, under glaze, glaze, luster glaze, Swarovski crystals, installation 60×80 | Anthony Brunelli Fine Arts

    B.1973, the artist makes playful ceramic donuts. Each has a unique number of glazes and finishes that also include the Swarovski crystals in some. Fun shapes and colorful glazes create a visual feast so much so that you want to run to a donut place to eat some right away.

    Mr.Brainwash

    Gallery art | Mr.Brainwash

    Mr. Brainwash established a name for himself in a single show that he organized and promoted to a celebrity crowd in LA many years ago. Coming from video taping of street art, Banksy art in particular, this man decided to become an artist himself, making these large canvases that carry instant message in street art style.

    Alexi Torres

    Universe Einstein, detail, Alexi Torres, oil on canvas, 72×60″ | Evan Lurie Gallery

    B.1976, Cuban artist Alexi Torres creates oil paintings that appear woven. These highly unusual brush strokes make this work very different from other figurative paintings.

    Zena Holloway

    Zena Holloway | the directed art modern | To learn more: zenaholloway.com/portfolio

    Underwater photography is not an easy fit. B.1973, Zena Holloway takes pictures of celebrities and models underwater. Staged photography involves a lot of prep work with a team and a connection with models to get the shots just right. Her latest projects Sea Women and Body of Water aim to raise awareness of the effects of overfishing and pollution in the oceans.

    Oliver Cole gallery: Michael Kalish

    Artist and sculptor Michael Kalish makes vivid roses from reclaimed materials that include the license plates. These metal cuts that make up the flowers are suspended above the flat surface to create extra dimension.

    Roberta Coni

    Roberta Coni
    Roberta Coni

    Roberta Coni paints women inspired by Flemish painting. Her portraits don’t have the technical skill of the old masters, however, Coni’s eyes have piercing beauty.

    Anja van Herle

    Anja van Herle, His and Hers, acrylic and Swarovski crystals on wood, 42″ square | Oliver Cole gallery

    Decorative and colorful, these sparkling paintings look like fashion ads where a woman’s skin is Photoshoped and lips have heavy outlines. The female faces are playful but not enigmatic.

    irreversible projects_skip hartzell

    A borderline “genius” art? If you don’t root for cuteness, it’s hardly artistic.

    Crappy Art Conner

    Sorry, guys, but this is hardly good art.

    Pablo Dona

    These pieces are whimsical and fun, but can we really say they are highly artistic creations? Perhaps to some who love toys or want to return to candy-land childhood.

    Khawam gallery

    This concludes the roundup of contemporary art you could have seen at the Palm Beach art fair. Hope you’ve enjoyed looking at various kinds of contemporary art.

    To continue reading:

    Figurative realism and more at Miami Art Basel Week 2017

    Contemporary figurative realism and more at Miami Art Basel Week 2017

    Art Basel Miami Beach is one of the largest art fairs held in the country every December. These art fairs also include Aqua Art Miami, Art Miami, CONTEXT Art Miami, Art Spot Miami, Design Miami, Form Miami, Fridge Art Fair Miami, Pulse Miami, Scope Art Show, Spectrum Art Fair and many more!

    Art Miami and CONTEXT Art Miami are two of the art fairs shown under the umbrella of the Art Basel week in Miami Beach that I visit. Unlike last year, this time many galleries have emerged representing figurative realism. Also, there were more Asian galleries as well as galleries showing photography. Let’s dive in.

    Art Miami and Context Art Miami at Miami Art Basel Week 2017

    This video is a visual roundup of Miami art galleries, international galleries, 3D art and figurative realism art in Art Miami 2017. You’ll find the images and artists’ names in the article below.

    Figurative realism artists and galleries

    Brad Kunkle

    brad kunkle
    Brad Kunkle, oil and silver on wood/linen

    In Brad Kunkle’s figurative paintings the feminine is symbolic of the intuitive that helps us connect to our purpose. By teaching us to study and to interpret artwork, the artist wants us to be more conscious of life and intuition and to feel the magic of life through his paintings. Brad Kunkle depicts women in a palette of warm browns set against the shiny silver leaf to express his idea of female softness and confidence.

    To learn more: bradkunkle.com

    Yigal Ozeri

    yigal ozeri_painting
    Yigal Ozeri, oil painting

    Yigal Ozeri’s figurative realism is so stunning, it takes a while to believe that these are realistic oil paintings. Born in Israel in 1958, the artist works in New York creating large-scale paintings of women set in lush landscapes. The cinematic quality of his work forces us to stare and study every inch of the oil painting to believe that these are in fact realistic paintings. The artist is represented by Zemack Contemporary Art Gallery.

    Clio Newton

    clio newton, b.1989 sarah, charcoal on paper
    Clio Newton, Sarah, charcoal on paper, 81×59 in

    Born 1989, Swiss artist Clio Newton creates hyperrealist, gigantic drawings of women in charcoal that are larger than life.  The artist captures women with unbelievable anatomical accuracy in black and white that become towering statements of the artist’s talent. to To learn more: www.clionewton.com

    Alonsa Guevara

    Alonsa Guevara, Fernanda's Ceremony, paintings of women

    Alonsa Guevara, Fernanda’s Ceremony, 80×32 in, oil on canvas | Anna Zorina Gallery, NY.

    Originally from Chile, Alonsa is one of young figurative painters who shows her work during the Miami art fair. Alonsa’s fruit portraits are about desire. The desire to move people.  Paintings of nude women that are often self-portraits are mixed with lush fruit and flowers that represent the fertility and life, mystery and birth.

    To learn more: www.alonsaguevara.com

    Mr. Brainwash

    Mr. Brainwash at Miami art fair
    Mr. Brainwash, Einstein, 94×46″ stencil and mixed media.

    If you wish to understand how this street artist Mr. Brainwash made a name for himself and sold art for millions without any previous knowledge or background in art, you must watch the documentary Exit Through the Gift Shop, 2010. His work continues to appear during the Miami art week to capture the art enthusiasts.

    Mary Jane Ansell

    Mary Jane Ansell Miami 2017

    Mary Jane Ansell is a British artist, who presents figurative realism in a new way, mixing up the baroque influences with military costumes and emotion. She creates the narratives around strong women that appear lost in their own quietness and self-reflection.

    Mike Dargas

    Mike Dargas painting at miami beach art fair
    Mike Dargas

    Oversized, hyper-realistic paintings of German artist Mike Dargas depict women’s faces soaking in either chocolate or honey. Discovered on Instagram, the artist often exhibits at the Opera gallery now. To learn more: mikedargas.com

    FABIEN CASTANIER gallery is one of the Miami art galleries that shows work at the art fairs as well.  The male sculpture is by Mark Jenkins and Speedy Graphito is on the walls.

    Bernardo Torrens

    bernardo torrens_diana II_art miami 2017
    Bernardo Torrens,  The Thinker (top) and Diana II (bottom), acrylic on wood, Miami Art Week 2017

    A self-taught Spanish artist paints female nudes in monochromatic colors. He is represented by Louis K. Meisel Gallery.

    Carlos Rolon

    Carlos Rolon, decadence upon decadence, oil and gold leaf on canvas. Born in Chicago, the artist paints stylized yet delicate floral compositions heightening the baroque luxury with shiny gold leaf.

    Fernando Botero

    Colombian artist Fernando Botero is one of the most popular representational painters and sculptors today who is known for his humorous ‘fat’ figures that are also expressions of political criticism.

    Marco Grassi

    Playful and colorful, figurative realism art by Marco Grassi is a visual treat. He’s a popular contemporary artist often shown at big art fairs internationally. These portraits of girls have freshness and vigor heightened by the gold leaf shine.

    Silvio Porzionato

    Italian artist Silvio Porzionato paints large-scale portraits with amazing skill, dragging paint across the background to reveal the humanity of the face and hands.

    galerie bhak_art miami 2017
    Korean art gallery – galerie Bhak at Art Miami Beach 2017 | Oil on Aluminum, Scratching

    Bringing Korean artists to the Miami art fair, this art gallery is a pleasant surprise. Figurative realism art becomes a lot more than painting where non-glamorous people star in paintings made of scratches and aluminum.

    Face, Oil on Aluminum, Scratching, 259 x 200 cm, 2016
    Face, Oil on Aluminum, Scratch, 259x200cm, 2016, detail

    3D art, sculpture and animation

    In the video you see some animation paintings/digital media represented by the Priveekollektie Contemporary Art and Design gallery located in the Netherlands. In Bloomed wall, we study the movement of nature reminiscent of the Dutch still life painting in a series of ‘paintings’ that play animated flowers, birds, and more.

    Flutter-Hologram-Pendulum-by-Dominic-Harris | represented by www.priveekollektie.art In this 3D Hologram two butterflies fly inside a jar when exited by the movement around them. They sit down at the pendulum, which represents life hanging in balance.
    To learn more: www.priveekollektie.art

    Carole A. Feuerman

    Carole Feuerman, Survival of Serena, hyper-realism sculpture
    Carole Feuerman, Survival of Serena, hyper-realism sculpture, lacquer on epoxy resin with Swarovski crystals, variant of 3, 250 lbs, 81x31x37

    American artist Carole Feuerman belongs to the Hyperrealism movement making life-like sculptures. She casts real people to produce sculptural hyperreal artk that symbolizes strength, survival, and balance. To learn more: www.carolefeuerman.com

    Tiny nails map out the painting’s surface of this female face with thin threads moving in various directions to make up the tones.

    Josepha Gasch-Muche

    Josepha Gasch-Muche

    German artist Josepha Gasch-Muche makes glass sculptures from razor-sharp industrial liquid crystal display glass pieces! She breaks and arranges thin sheets of glass into strands to make geometric shapes.  The artist is presented by the Heller gallery at Art Miami 2017.

    Metis Atash

    Metis Atash, Blooming Life | Art Miami 2017

    B.1979, German artist Metis Atash comes from the consultancy business in Germany to become the creator of sculptures that represent the duality of life and beyond. To learn more:  longsharpgallery.com

    Peter Anton

    Peter Anton | BOXED DOUGHNUTS, 27 x 36 x 5.5 inches, mixed media, 2011 | Art Miami 2017

    Peter Anton is a popular sculptor whose obsession is chocolate, ice cream and sweets! To learn more: www.peteranton.com

    Liquid Art System

    Photography

    Jeff Robb

    jeff robb_lenticular photo_context rt miami 2017
    Jeff Robb, lenticular photograph | Pntone Gallery UK, CONTEXT Miami

    British photographer Jeff Robb experiments with three-dimensional imaging by taking pictures of the female nudes frozen in action and placing them in his lenticular photography. The lenticular photographs give us a mirage of volume and slight movement of a figure depending on the spectator’s point of view.

    Ruud van Empel

    Ruud van Empel photography of black children
    Ruud van Empel

    This is one of few photographs that stood out from a crowd of paintings at the Miami art fair. The unusual part is seeing a black kid set in a beautiful, not diminishing way. And even more surprising part is that the artist is white – Dutch photographer Ruud van Empel.  A child with mesmerizing eyes doesn’t really exist because the artist’s pictures are multilayered images. Photoshoped from many photographs, these black girls look like painted figures – symbols of childhood innocence.  This deliberate deconstruction and reconstruction of digital imagery gives the art a mesmerizing quality.

    To learn more: www.ruudvanempel.nl

    Javier Bellomo Coria

    javier bellomo coria_face_art miami 2017
    Javier Bellomo Coria, Ilze, printing of pigmented inks on textured paper, 86×61 in, SashadAvila.com

    Javier Bellomo Coria is an Argentinian artist who finds his influences in photography and architecture to create figurative paper sculptures. Realistic portraits look like gigantic puzzle paintings seen from the distance, yet when you walk around one, you find another image – a landscape printed on the other side of the artwork. The multi printed image is cut into numerous pieces and assembled again to reveal human fragility and multiplicity.

    To learn more: www.javierbellomo.com

    javier bellomo coria_art miami 2017
    A close-up view

    Russell Young

    russell young_marylin_art miami 2017

    Russell Young, Marilyn, acrylic screen print Femme Fatale series. Russell Young’s oversized and glamorous depictions of iconic celebrities and figures are chosen based on a personal tragedy of each celebrity. Death, addiction or other fatalities brought them down only to glamorize their status even more. Just like Warhol, the artist knows how to attract attention to his work, combining the diamond dust with the iconic imagery everyone is more than familiar with.

    This painting concludes my explorations in figurative realism at the Miami Art Basel Week 2017. Hope you like discovering new figurative painters and gain some insight into contemporary Miami art scene and beyond!

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    15 places to see in Naples and surroundings in Florida

    Are you about to visit Naples in Florida? Located on the Gulf of Mexico in Southwest Florida, it’s often called a paradise because of the weather in the winter months. I’m a local visionary artist and I’d like to share some must-see attractions and sightseeing in and around town.

    Main sightseeing attractions in Naples, Florida

    5th Ave South

    5th Avenue South is one of Naples’ most interesting shopping areas being packed with art galleries, fancy shops, and locally owned clothing boutiques. This is the best attraction in Naples. Situated next to the beach, 5th Avenue offers small boutiques, restaurants, the ocean, and a beautiful feel of the tropics. Kids can get some ice cream, parents can shop in small stores, and couples can spend their time at the beach or at upscale art galleries. It’s a fun and unique place all around, especially at night with the Christmas lights on! The street is the place for art festivals during the winter season as well as many other events.

    Covered parking is free. http://www.fifthavenuesouth.com/   Location: 5th Avenue South, Naples

    aldo castillo gallery art naples-veronica winters art blog
    Aldo Castillo Art Gallery in Naples, Location: 634 5th Ave S, Naples, FL 34102. Open till 9pm
    This nature-inspired shop has unique furniture pieces that are art. The Cocoon furniture and art gallery is one of my favorite art galleries in town.
    Cocoon art furniture gallery on 5th
    Cocoon art furniture gallery on 5th
    Gallery One on 5th. 765 Fifth Ave South
    Christmas trees in lobby of hotel on 5th-sightseeing
    Christmas trees in a lobby of the hotel on 5th

    3d street & Naples Pier

    3d street & Naples Pier– the historic district that can be reached on foot via a 10-minute walk on the beach from the 5th avenue beach entrance. The 3d street offers a row of upscale art galleries, boutiques and restaurants. It’s a charming place decorated with flowers, fountains, and shopping! http://www.thirdstreetsouth.com/ 

    Located at the west end of 12th Avenue South that goes to the 3d street, Naples Pier is a long, wooden boardwalk with many fishermen on it, who can surprise you with their catch, and you can see many pelicans diving into water there. Dolphins are frequent visitors too! There is no fee to visit the pier.

    The hurricanes

    The pier was destroyed in the most recent hurricane in 2022…

    It was surreal to see the boats stuck in trees after the hurricane passed, 2022

    Clam Pass beach park

    Clam Pass beach park– is a nice alternative to the Delnor-Wiggins one. There is a 15-minute, leisure board walk that stretches from the parking lot to the beach with tall, luscious green mangroves growing all around it. I love the quietness of that place. You can get a free ride to the beach that’s provided by the Naples Grande hotel. The hotel also has a tiki bar by the beach with condiments and rentals. There is a $10 parking fee, but you can park for free by the Waterside shops area and have a sweet, 5-minute walk to the ride. The park opens at 8 a.m. and closes right after the sunset! Bugs bite after the sunset. It’s best to have your bug repellent on at night. The beach is beautiful with lots of wildlife, and it’s a lot less crowded than the Vanderbilt beach or other locations. It’s situated in central Naples close to a shopping center, restaurants, and hotels.

    Location: Seagate Drive & Crayton Road; http://www.colliergov.net/your-government/divisions-f-r/parks-and-recreation/beaches-and-boats/clam-pass-park

    Another entry to the same beach that’s not restricted by the hours of operation is situated next to the Naples Cay entry and Venetian Bay, and the park entrance is called ‘Gulf Shore beach access.’ A nice feature of this park is that you’re not monitored to get out of there right after the sunset, unlike in other parks (Clam Pass).

    Delnor-Wiggins Pass state park

    This is a beautiful park with all the necessary facilities to spend a nice day out. I love the sand and the birds there, and it’s even possible to see the running turtles and swimming dolphins. There is rental equipment, bathrooms, picnic areas, etc. It has a $6 admission fee for entering the park by car. Parking is difficult to find during the season at this beach. It opens at 8 a.m. and closes right after sunset!  https://www.floridastateparks.org/park/Delnor-Wiggins Location: 11135 Gulfshore Dr., Naples, FL 34108

    realism oil painting of ocean sunset
    Sunset, 36×48″ Complementary delivery in Naples area, available

    The Vanderbilt beach

    This is the most popular beach in town for some odd reason. My guess is it’s because of the concentration of hotels facing the white sand and blue ocean. It’s always crowded there, especially during the season. Finding a parking spot is a headache there.

    Location: End of Vanderbilt Beach Road. Open 8 am to sunset.

    Naples Botanical Garden

    Botanical Garden in Naples during the Christmas season

    Naples Botanical Garden is a nice place to spend your morning with a friend, walking among orchids and tropical plants. Depending on the season, the gardens have varied plants in bloom, and it’s a beautiful nature preserve. Open: 8-3 p.m. but check their website for the current schedule since it varies depending on the season. Admission also varies depending on season and just keeps going up.

    Location: 4820 Bayshore Drive | Naples, FL 34112. Web: https://www.naplesgarden.org/

     

    Naples Zoo

    Naples Zoo is a great fun place for families with kids and couples alike. It’s a rather small zoo and my tip is to learn about the times when they have the shows (like feeding the crocodiles and giraffes) that culminate with a big show in the afternoon that you don’t want to miss! Bring plenty of water with you, and go on a short boat ride to a small island with monkeys!

    Location: 1590 Goodlette-Frank Rd, Naples, FL 34102

    There is an awesome trail path/walk, situated next to the zoo!! It”s a board walk in the nature. The entrance is fee with plenty of free parking there.

    The Venetian Village

    The Venetian Village is a rather small, upscale shopping center, situated next to the beach that has a few upscale restaurants overlooking the bay. The shops are unique and parking is free. 

    Location: 4200 Gulf Shore Blvd N, Naples

    The Waterside Shops

    Christmas time at the Waterside shops

    It’s an upscale shopping center situated behind the Barnes and Noble bookstore, with unique, open-air architectural design and fountains. You can find major brands selling their goods here that including Apple, Louis Vuitton, De Beers, Lulu Lemon, Ralph Lauren, Saks Fifth Avenue, etc. The shopping center also has some popular restaurants.

    LV-Louis Vuitton-sightseeing in Naples Florida--blog

    Location: 5475 Tamiami Trail North. Every store closes at 7 p.m. but they keep longer hours during the winter season.

     Revs car museum

    Surprisingly good. Big. Fun. If you like looking at shiny cars from different time periods, it’s a great place to spend your afternoon. The car museum offers docent tours and closes quite early. You must reserve your tickets online to get to the museum.

    Revs Institute’s Cars & Coffee event returns during the season from 8:30am – 11:00am. This family-friendly public event is open to anyone. The museum is open for walk-ins during the event, this allows purchase of tickets without a reservation, to enjoy the outdoor event and explore the automobiles from Miles Collier Collections inside the building.

    Location: 2500 South Horseshoe Drive, Naples, FL 34104

    https://revsinstitute.org/

    Naples Museum of Art

    Naples Museum of Art | Artis Naples. Situated next to the waterside shops, this art museum has an awkward art collection with a few big names. The best pieces are by Dale Chihuly. You can also find a few small Magrittes there. The art museum offers a free community day once a month. $10 adult admission, children 17 and under come free. Free parking. Check the hours and other info at their website. Web: http://artisnaples.org/ Location: 5833 Pelican Bay Blvd

    Mercato

    Mercato is a small, upscale shopping center in Naples. It consists of restaurants, bars, galleries, and a movie theatre. Many people love to dress up and head over for dinner here. It’s a fun atmosphere with night lights and music. It also has a fancy yoga studio, art galleries, and spas. Covered parking is free. Location: 9110 Strada Pl, Naples.

    Sightseeing around Naples, FL

     

    Captain Jack’s airboat tours

    Captain Jack’s airboat tours are so much fun, you won’t be disappointed. You must get on this boat tour if you come to Naples! You will see lots of animals there and may be able to pet a tiny crocodile. This picture is taken from their website.

    The picture is taken from their website.

    1-844-326-2628 Toll Free | 1-239-695-4400 Phone | Hours: 9:00 am – 5:00 pm daily, 365 days a year, boats depart about every 30 minutes

    Tickets & Gift Shop: 200 Collier Avenue, Everglades City, FL 34139 (map)

    Mangrove Tour: 905 Dupont Street, Everglades City, FL 34139 (map)

    Animal Sanctuary, Grassland & Swamp Buggy Tours: 32330 Tamiami Trail East, Ochopee, FL 34141 (map)

    Web: http://www.captainjacksairboattours.com/

    The Koreshan State Historic Site

    Located in Estero, The planetary court is surrounded by pine flatwoods’ habitat and has a religious colony settlement, the Koreshan Unity, whose last members deeded the land to the state in 1961, according to the Naples Daily News. The Unity of 200 followers relocated from New York to Florida in late 19th century, who believed that the universe existed within a giant, hollow sphere (according to the park’s site). The park is good for fishing, hiking and boating. The park is open from 8am to sunset. the historic settlement is open till 5pm. There is a per vehicle fee.

    Location: 3800 Corkscrew Road, Estero, FL 33928; (239) 992-0311

    Web: https://www.floridastateparks.org/park/Koreshan

    Marco Island

    Marco Island is a stretch of pristine beaches similar to the Naples ones, but with its own charm. Located on the Gulf of Mexico it offers natural beauty and luxury accommodations. It also has a free to visit Marco Island Arts Center.

    Well, that sums it up. Have a blast in Naples, Florida! 🙂

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    King Woman: contemporary art show review

    King Woman

    King Woman is a contemporary art show held at the Pen+Brush nonprofit art gallery in New York in October, 2017. The title reflects epic impact you receive visiting the exhibit. Occupying two floors, the exhibition features a number of large artworks in contemporary painting, photography and sculpture. This art show is a rare gem, sparkling in an overall landscape of mediocre contemporary art. Both abstract and realistic, art is united in a single vision where a woman is King. The curator of the show is Mashonda Tifrere.

    She said, “My goal for this show is to highlight work by women who question history and deny limitations, persevering in their art despite social mores and norms. These artists have also found a way to acknowledge their gender but at the same time move beyond it by owning it in an unabashed way – showing that women can be more than Goddess or Queen, that they are capable of being ‘King,’ at the pinnacle of power and strength and skill.”

    Art transcends the gender roles, and while it shouldn’t be about the division between the sexes, it’s important to see women have equal say, being presented in art exhibitions. While we don’t see male artists showing in groups where their art challenges stereotypes and disparity they often face, women seem to unite in their message channeled through their art. Being vulnerable is beautiful. Women artists often feel unimportant and invisible however, their art becomes powerful once the forces are united in the show like this one.

    Carole A. Feuerman

    Carole Feuerman_King Woman show

    Carole Feuerman is a pioneer hyperrealist artist who actually began the the hyper-realism movement in the 1970s. She portrays women in steel, bronze and resin so lifelike, you can’t help but reach out and touch the sculptures. Tiny eyelashes, hair and droplets of dew make her figures appear incredibly real.  Large and small, her figurative sculptures can occupy a small space in a room or in the entire garden. The sculptures are often integrated into their environment, like you can see in Venice. https://veronicasart.com/venice-biennial-2017-a-crappy-show-with-rave-reviews/

    On the artist’s website Feuerman explains her work.

    “She creates visual manifestations of the stories she wants to tell of strength, survival, balance, and the struggle to achieve.”

    Carole Feuerman_King Woman show_s

    Chrysalis, 2017, resin, 33 x 36 x 18″

    Ingrid Baars

    Artemis, 2017, C-print face mounted on dibond, edition of 7, 45″x 59″

    This incredibly powerful photograph is inspired by African culture, fashion and women. Romantic at heart, the photo manipulation is the image of  striking beauty and ethereal contemplation.

    Yvonne Michiels

    Royal Flowers, 2017, Fuji Crystal on dibond with perspex

    Based in the Netherlands, the artist creates incredibly moving digital collages of women with floral crowns.  At first sight her portraits of women express confidence and beauty. Women’s faces look so magnificent, you stare at the image speechless, yet we can feel some hidden vulnerability behind the perfect looks.

    Roos Van Der Vliet

    White float frame | King Woman show_| Art by van Roos
    Roos Van Der Vliet, Storytellers XX & XV, 2017, acrylic on canvas, 37 x 29″ White float frame | King Woman show

    These intimate portraits of women feel incredibly sincere. Dutch artist paints women realistically to express her inner desire to replicate reality as close as she can. Her paintings give a sense of a woman who is hiding yet she wants to be seen. Painting process is always a path to understanding oneself. Here we see the artist making discoveries about her own vulnerability.

    Reisha Perlmutter

    Iris, 2017, oil on canvas, 40 x 60″

    Reisha paints women floating in colorful water. Abstracted patterns of body and water channel their healing powers where women are allowed to dwell freely in their ever changing environment.

    Victoria Selbach

    king woman show_Vic Selbach

    Kali Ma, 2017, acrylic on canvas, 60 x 50″

    This painting surprises with its size that creates instant sense of power and control found in a figure. She looks like a goddess or warrior who is ready to concur the world.

    The list of artists in King Woman includes:

    Rebecca Allan; Azi Amiri; Ingrid Baars; Hunter Clarke; Donna Festa; Carole Feuerman; Lola Flash; Meredith Marsone; Yvonne Michiels; Stephanie Hirsch; Kharis Kennedy; Kit King; Lacey McKinney; Jane Olin; Reisha Perlmutter; Renee Phillips; Trixie Pitts; A.V. Rockwell; Victoria Selbach; Lynn Spoor; Swoon; Tiara; Roos Van Der Vliet; Elizabeth Waggett; Lynnie Z

    Where:

    King Woman is the contemporary art show that runs between October 12th-December 9th, 2017 at Pen+Brush nonprofit art gallery in New York (29 East 22nd street). To read more about the show: http://www.penandbrush.org/articles/press-release/upcoming-exhibition-king-woman 

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    19th century Russian Art & Portrait Painting: eyes are the window to the soul

    In this article, I’d like to introduce you to some of my favorite 18th and 19th- century Russian portrait artists and paintings that I fell in love with when I was a child. These realistic portrait paintings made a considerable influence on my aesthetic and desire to learn the traditional oil painting techniques. Some of these paintings represent the collision of classical ideals with Romanticism that is evident in artists’ choice of subject and color schemes.

    Art became a source of inspiration early in my life. Many oil paintings were printed in public school textbooks. Russian art occupied the last few pages in those textbooks that were printed in color and on thick paper unlike the rest of the material in the 1980s Soviet Union. Besides one art class I had in the elementary school, we didn't have art education in public school system back then. So those color reproductions and my parents' art book collection became my first introduction to classical Russian art. Some Russian children could study the arts in a separate art school with classes held in late afternoons in order to get a certificate. Only having that certificate of completion allowed the children to apply to the Academy in either Moscow or St. Petersburg to study art at the college level.

    Russian Portrait Painting in late 19th-century

    Ilya Repin (1844-1930)

    Ilya Repin is one of the most famous Russian artists of his generation. Excellent figurative painter, he is one of my favorites for his moral views and social purpose he channeled through his art. His portraits depict a variety of characters that all share the enormous artistic power and thoughtfulness.

    Ilya Repin, Portrait of Garshin, 35×27,” 1884, the Metropolitan Museum of Art

    This portrait is one of several that Repin made of Russian artists and intellectuals following his return from his graduate study in France. The artist begged the Academy to let him return home, so he could work on the national themes in his painting.

    Here is an excerpt from the Met about this painting. "Russian author Vsevolod Garshin specialized in short stories expressing his pacifist beliefs, love of beauty, and aversion to evil. In the early 1880s he became friends with Repin, a leading progressive painter who shared his concern for contemporary political and social problems. Four years after it was created, Garshin, scarred by the suicides of his father and brother and his own mental illness, threw himself down a stairwell and died." http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437442 )

     

    Vladimir Borovikovsky (1757-1826)

    Russian artist Borovikovsky
    Vladimir Borovikovsky,  Portrait of Maria Lopukhina, 1797, 72×53 cm, State Tretyakov gallery, Moscow

    Created at the end of the 18th century, this painting reflects the sentiment of the epoch where a man is part of nature. The artist fuses the model with a natural, but decorative landscape behind her where Russian landscape becomes more prominent than it used to be shown in Russian painting. This oil painting has a thorough balance of color. The blues of tiny cornflowers in the background are reflected in her beautiful blue sash, and the gold of the rye mingles with her jewelry and the golden sash accents. The color of a dull pink shawl wrapping around her figure is similar to the quiet roses blooming by her side. Her white gown finds similar tones with a couple of trees, repeating the diagonal of the figure.

    Otherwise standard, diagonal three-quarter view of the woman depicts the beauty of a young Princess Lopukhina (1779-1803) who belonged to the Russian royal family of Tolstoy and died of tuberculosis in her early twenties. Her masterfully painted face shows beautiful restraint. Soft transitions between warm and cool tones, light pinks on the cheeks, greenish shadows, the riveting depth of the eyes, and gentle, rosy colors of the mouth – everything breathes with life. I love this portrait for its quietness, elegant confidence and a masterful balance of colors and shapes.

    Borovikovsky created numerous portraits after his work in the military and graduation from the Academy in St. Petersburg. He found fame among the imperial court including Catherine II.

    Karl Briullov (1799-1852)

    Karl Briullov, The Last Day of Pompeii, 183 x 256 inches, 1830-33

    Karl Briullov was the last great classical portraitist in the 19th-century Russia. Classically trained at the Academy in St. Petersburg, the artist was influenced by the classical ideals of Rome. Painter of royalty, Briullov had a fantastic skill level that he showed off in his most famous historical artwork titled “The last day of Pompeii, 1830-33” that brought him a widespread fame throughout Europe at that time. Realism and idealism, classical and neoclassical ideals collide on a huge canvas that depicts people in action, running for their lives during the eruption of Vesuvius.

    Detail from “The last day of Pompeii”

    After receiving the highest honors at the Academy, Karl Briullov won a golden medal to travel to Italy. Immersed in the classical tradition of painting, the artist had spent three years studying each figure for the Last day of Pompeii, completing numerous drawings. There is beautiful movement,detail and balance in every man, building and element in this painting.

    Detail from “The last day of Pompeii”
    Karl Briullov, Portrait of the princess Elizabeth Saltykov, 1841, The State Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg.

    Russian artist also produced many paintings of royalty and idealized Italian women caught at work, picking up grapes or washing clothes. Although those paintings are beautiful technically, they lack vision and reflection of some social changes in the country. Those changes got recorded soon thereafter by the Itinerants.

    Nikolay Pimonenko (1862-1912)

    Nikolay Pimonenko, Yule fortune telling, detail, 1888

    This painting has such a bold use of color! Strong, single light source illuminates two peasant girls who read the fortune. In the old tradition, girls placed the melting wax into a cup with cold water to capture the “frozen” profile of a future husband. Here they look at the wall projection cast from the melted wax, trying to figure out who the man is. I love how spontaneous and fresh the brushwork is and how vivid colors harmonize together to depict this festive mood.

    Ivan Kramskoy (1837-1887)

    Ivan Kramskoy, a leader of the Itinerants movement, was one of the strongest portraitists in his generation of artists. Like other Russian artists in the movement, he believed in public duty and service to people through his art. Although he loved painting those themes, Kramskoy was a great portraitist. In 1869, he exhibited his portraits at the Academy for which he won a rank of the Academician.

    One of his most famous paintings depicts a woman without a name. She looks composed and confident. Every texture is richly painted: the feathers, silk, fur, and velvet. Light yellow light envelops the distant buildings and describes the contours of the figure. Notice, how the artist puts the same color into the hat’s feather and her face to carefully harmonize the painting.

    Ivan Kramskoy, Stranger, 1883, The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

    Russian art
    Kramskoy, the forester,  1874 (84×62 cm or 33×24,5 inches), The Tretyakov State Gallery, Moscow

    The gaze of this peasant man is just riveting! Tragedy, disturbance and hidden force reside in his enigmatic eyes. The artist shows a specific type of a man who doesn’t like to settle or to tolerate the abuse of the forest by men. Or perhaps the painting is about poor villagers  who are tired of their endless suffering and are getting ready to revolt against their wealthy masters.

    Russian artist Ivan Kramskoy
    Ivan Kramskoy portr. of artist’s daughter Sofia 1882

    This portrait was painted in the end of the 19th century that marked the transition between the classical and modern art. The artist depicts his daughter in less controlled manner with loose strokes and colorful shadows that show the classical mastery of the anatomy and oil painting techniques. Her thoughtful face possesses no classical idealization, but expresses inner strength and depth of character that’s so hard to reach in realistic painting. The restrained position of her hands and mouth depicts a very young woman wrapped up in her thoughts. Trained by her father, Sofia became a professional artist as well. She received recognition for her artistic skills but had a very complicated life after the Soviet revolution.

    Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy, Portrait of Ivan Shishkin

    Ivan Shishkin was a great landscape painter who posed for this masterful portrait by Kramskoy. The background and the pose are so simple that all our attention goes to the face of the artist, which channels so much humanity and life that seems impossible to describe in paint.

    Vasily Tropinin (1776-1857)

    Vasily Tropinin came from a family of the serfs and received his freedom only at the age of 47. He often depicted scenes of ordinary peasant life that feature women doing hard or meticulous work. Those paintings have jovial mood, celebrating ordinary, domestic life.

    Russian art, Tropinin
    Tropinin, the lace-maker, 1823 , The Tretyakov State Gallery, Moscow

    I’m fond of this painting because it shows the old Russian tradition of lace-making, something I learned how to do in my teenage years, taking a class for a year. A pretty, peasant girl creates intricate lace pattern with numerous bobbins and thin threads. Captivated by her task, she quickly glances at the viewer only to return to her work. I love the gentleness captured in her face and a hint of a smile that’s subtle and kind.

    To Read about Russian genre painting, go here: https://veronicasart.com/19th-century-russian-artists-and-genre-art-the-itinerants-movement/

    To check out my art, go here: https://veronicasart.com/

    How to manage emotions as artist, woman and entrepreneur veronica winters

    Why are artists sad? How to manage emotions as artist, woman and entrepreneur

    Have you ever struggled managing your emotions? Have you felt rejected, lonely, depressed, fearful or angry? I bet you have! Our feelings make decisions over 90% of the time despite our vast capacity to think logically. Negative emotions bring us pain, often take us to the past, or simply stop us from doing what we love! Training my mind, conquering my feelings, and taking control of the situation has become one of my top priorities in life for the past decade.

    Why are artists sad?

    It’s often said that time cures everything. Pain disappears and we heal. The expression “some wounds never heal” actually means that we can’t always overcome or let go of our past. I felt worn out by my past. I traveled to Thailand back in 2012 to understand the principles of Buddhism that I thought would bring me closer to the truth and alleviate the pain I felt inside. And the Buddhist truth states that much suffering is caused by our “disturbing emotions.” I wanted to find a cure from emotional pain I suppressed inside me. Buddhism, mindfulness and meditation are wonderful and useful to practice but these concepts were not an easy fix for me.

    What helped me greatly are a few books that I list in the end of this post. I used to suppress my feelings because they were considered not important or irrelevant in my family. I suffered from a very low self-esteem most of my life that perpetuated problems and blocked me from doing what I didn’t know I was even capable of doing. Books on psychology opened a new world to me where I discovered how truly lost I felt in my own perception of myself. Overtime I uncovered my behavioral patterns and trauma that ‘motivated’ me to act in certain ways, causing emotional upheaval.

    The secret of change Socrates quote

    How behavioral patterns affect our thinking

    As I’m not a psychologist, I simply  want to share some information that I learned to understand how it affected me and my perception of reality. What is a pattern? Basically it’s a set of learned patterns we acquire in childhood through positive and negative reinforcements that determine our behavior today. These are unconscious actions we take that can be compared to a computer program. Our brain gets programmed to behave in certain ways based on the behavior of our parents in family and society in general.

    As children we learn to adapt and deal with various situations, forming these behavioral patterns. Remaining unconscious about our patterns, as adults we often find excuses or blame someone else for a repetitive situation we find ourselves in. However, if you’re more aware of yourself, you’ll notice that you often end up in similar situations, or attract a certain kind of people into your life. For example, a woman might leave one abusive husband only to find herself in a new relationship with another one. Or you can’t find a job. You study and get a new degree. You look for another job and can’t find it again. Or you talk to a relative hoping for him or her to respond to you with warmth and care but encounter the same cycle of responses and behavior. It upsets you and triggers a number of negative emotions in you. You also may experience a conflict situation, and your pattern is to avoid the conflict altogether by appeasing people rather than trying to solve a problem causing that conflict. The same conflict situation that arises with different people and different situations has a single root – you. You also observe and experience the same emotional reactions that are caused by similar situations or people in your life.  As a result you lose control of yourself and become filled with negative emotions. These are the moments when you are often accused of having “thin skin” or “lack of patience” on your part. The same patterns of behavior can be on re-play for decades in your life!

    Most people don’t like change and feel happy where they are. We tend to spot problems of others, but we are often unable to either recognize, acknowledge or get rid of our own psychological patterns that keep holding us back and limit our spiritual growth. Once we become aware of our patterns, we can break them to form new, healthy ones.  Although it’s very difficult to break deeply engraved patterns on your own, it is possible to recognize your cycles of behavior that lead to cycles of actions. One of my cycles was to worry deeply or to take negative comments, opinions and jealousy of others very close to my heart. It caused a chain reaction in me where I not only argued with those people constantly but also degraded myself that made me feel even more worthless. I also attracted selfish personalities who constantly demanded attention with no emotional support provided when I hoped to get it. To turn it around I began building my sense of self-respect inside. This conscious effort transformed my life where uninvited opinions of others became just their opinions with no true value to me. This led me to disengage with people I didn’t want to be with and to form new relationships with people with whom I shared mutual respect.

    Another ‘big’ transformation I’ve experienced is self-acceptance. After so many years of struggles and self-punishment of not being good enough I accepted my body, my looks and what I do as a career. This led me to understanding of others. Actions and reactions of people around me (even not the most graceful ones) make sense to me today although I may find it hard to deal with them. There is also understanding that difficult people come to your life for a reason and are there to teach you a lesson. This process of reclaiming your freedom and trusting yourself first and foremost involves taking a full responsibility for your actions.

    our life is what our thoughts make it, quote by marcus aurelius

    How to manage emotions to feel your best

    Despite all these breakthroughs and inner work, I still have a very hard time dealing with my intense emotions at times. As artists we are very vulnerable and sensitive people because we create personal art. Daily pressures cause distress.

    That’s where Tony Robbins‘ videos can really help.  In his teachings he quickly grabs your attention with his practical approach to changing your emotional state. I  found his emotional management techniques to be so simple, yet profound and applicable to any situation you may have. While I’m including some of his teachings below, you can find plenty of information and listen to his audio on YouTube.

    1. You can’t change people around you by telling them to change. You can either change your perception of this person/situation, or the way you behave around such people.
    2. Whenever you feel hurt, angry, lonely, depressed – every emotion we normally consider as a negative, Robbins treats it as a neutral and just a signal/ call to action to change something in your life. It’s important to acknowledge your emotion, rather than to suppress it to see the message that your brain sends you.
    3. According to Robbins it’s important to identify the core emotion first, what you really feel behind the first feeling that arises like anger.
    4. If you ignore your signal the feeling intensifies.  Therefore, to set a new outcome, change your perception (the way you perceive or look at things) or procedure (the way you communicate needs/behave/expect).

    If you feel uncomfortable, it’s important to change the state, clarify what you want, and take action to communicate that desire.

    If you feel hurt, it means you have an unmet expectation that brings a sense of loss to you that’s very painful. Either change your expectations or communicate your desires differently.

    If you feel anger or resentment it means your important standard is not met by you or another person.

    Fear (fear of failure, anxiety) arises as a signal asking you to prepare to deal with something.

    Frustration – change your approach to achieve your goal.

    Disappointment – something that you’ve been expecting is not going to happen.

    Guilt or regret– you’ve violated one of your own standards.

    If you feel inadequate or unworthy – your mind asks you to get up and do something better, or change rules that are too harsh.

    Feelings of hopelessness, depression, overwhelm – decide what’s most important for you to accomplish now, make a list with order and handle the first one. Do something immediately to take control of events. Pick one thing and master it.

    Feeling lonely-we need to find a connection with people.

    5. We give meaning to everything. But ask yourself what does it really mean? Choose meanings that empower you in life as opposed to assuming things that dis-empower you.

    Spiritual growth is an ambiguous sentence, in my opinion. My interpretation is simply learning to become free from emotional and physical constraints we all experience, and I hope my writing helps you find or clarify your path in your journey. These days when I’m in doubt, pain or struggle, I train myself to refocus. I used to dwell in my thoughts on re-play. But as soon as I stop thinking that particular thought that upsets me, my day improves. I try to find something, anything to be grateful for around me in that moment. I also open my notebook with goals and ask myself what I’m doing today to get closer to them. It shifts my focus and changes thoughts. Try it and let me know how it goes for you, ok?

    Understanding and managing emotions books:
    1. Emotional Alchemy: How the Mind Can Heal the Hearby Tara Bennett-Goleman
    2. The Female Brain by Louann Brizendine, M.D.
    3. Sacred Contracts by Caroline Myss
    4. Anatomy of the Spirit by Caroline Myss

    Check out visionary art for sale

     

    Learn what makes a painting great Part 2: Composition, Color, Lines and Emotion

    In this video in the series you’ll learn about composition, color, emotion, painting techniques, use of lines, and other artistic elements artists used to produce their greatest works of art. This video will help you understand the qualities of great art, especially painting created before the 20th century.

    You’ll find my video notes below!

    Jacques-Louis_David_madame recamier
    Jacques-Louis David, madame Recamier, 5’9″x7’4″, 1800, the Louvre

    The use of composition in art

    All beauty is the result of fine proportions.

    Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472), architect

    Greeks were one of the ancient civilizations to invent and use the mathematical proportion, linear perspective and the concept of divine proportion and scale in art and architecture. We can marvel at the divine beauty of the Parthenon and Pantheon. Because of a conversion to Christianity, these postulates were abandoned in the Middle Ages and completely forgotten for centuries. The Italian Renaissance revived the Greco-Roman principles in art and architecture several centuries later. The principles of the mathematical perspective were devised by Filippo Brunelleschi in Italy.

    Man is the measure of all things becomes the mantra of the Renaissance artists in the 1400-1500s as they explore the concept of rational thought by creating art that’s three-dimensional, visually balanced, mathematically proportioned and color unified.

    Composition becomes central to the creation of representational art.

    The use of Pentagram in Art

    pentagon and decagon in a circle veronica winters video series
    Pentagram and decagon in a circle

    In this diagram you see the fundamental principle of geometric division of space or the divine proportion. A symbol of unity, the circle holds a pentagon inside with the 5-pointed star of Pythagoras drawn inside it. Renaissance artists used this model to place their figures in a visually pleasing composition.

    (Source: Rhythmic Form in Art by Irma Richter, Dover Publications)

    Raphael Ansidei Madonna pentagon composition, veronica winters video series
    Raphael, Ansidei Madonna, 1505-1507 | pentagon composition
    The school of Athens, Raphael, veronica winters video series
    The school of Athens, Raphael, 1510, fresco in Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome | pentagon composition

    This painting represents the exaltation of rational thought. The artist paints his contemporaries as models to represent ancient Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle standing right in the center of the composition. We see Leonardo as Plato, Bramante as Euclid, Raphael as Apelles and Michelangelo as Heraclitus. Raphael incorporates the architecture of the room by creating a balanced composition that proportionally relates to the interior. The fresco has 5 circles. The height of figures and their placement corresponds to the mathematical divisions seen in the picture.

    Also see:

    Poussin (French), “A dance to the music of time” (pentagon composition)

    Besides using pentagons, artists create symmetrical and asymmetrical balance with triangular compositions, the golden section rule, and several other devices.

    Masaccio_ the holy trinity perspective
    Masaccio (Italian), The Holy Trinity, fresco in Santa Maria Novella, Florence, 1428  | perfect linear perspective

    In this painting the iconography is standard. The unusual part is its perfect linear perspective. It marks Masaccio as the first Renaissance painter who achieved visual realism of the figures because he showed a natural receding of figures in space.

    Adam's Creation, Sistine Chapel_ceiling'_by_Michelangelo
    Michelangelo (Italian), “The creation of Man,” Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome

    In this famous painting by Michelangelo, the curving S-shape creates an equal movement and balance of shapes on both sides of the painting.

    Also see:

    Caravaggio (Italian), “The inspiration of St. Matthew” 1602. This painting features the S-shape design as well.

    rogier_van_der_weyden_descent from the cross composition
    Rogier van der Weyden, “Descent from the cross”

    We can see examples of triangular compositions in religious art where a cross divides the space in half or is placed at a diagonal. In this painting the artist arranges the figures in a way that mimic the shape of the cross. The diagonal of Christ repeats itself in Mary’s shape.

    virgin and child van eyck composition
    Jan van Eyck, “The Virgin and Child” | triangular composition

    The triangular shape was a popular element to design a composition. It creates balance with a line falling from the apex of the pyramid diving the picture in half.

    claude lorraine_the embarcation of st. ursula golden section
    Claude Lorraine (French), “Embarkation of St. Ursula,” National Gallery, London | the golden section

    Lorraine consciously designed his paintings following the rules of thirds or the “golden section,” which is widely used today by photographers and artists alike. The artist also “framed” his landscapes with trees placed on both sides of a painting to create a circular motion, so a viewer never leaves his picture. He was a master, creating a complete balance between the light and dark masses of trees, buildings, water and sky.

    Also see:

    “Landscape with Ascanius Shooting the Stag of Sylvia,” 1682.

    The Arnolfini marriage
    Jan van Eyck, The Arnolfini wedding” 1434, National Gallery, London

    The artist strikes an equal balance of shapes around the middle where we see the figures join their hands.

    Emotion

    Canova, Venus and Adonis, sculpture detail
    Canova, Venus and Adonis, sculpture detail,museum’s copyright

    Emotion is the strongest reason for artists to create art and for people to look at it or to own it. Art is a visual expression of our soul. We respond to a painting or a sculpture instantly using our feelings as opposed to logic, and that’s what makes us human. Meaningful art helps us connect with our inner life. It reminds us of particular memories. Art is not only a cultural and historical object, but also a remedy that speaks a universal language.

    Artists have a vast emotional landscape to reach deep to convey a story in a meaningful way.  It’s the feeling that draws us into the picture. Because we all have a unique set of experiences, we respond to the art in different ways. Some paintings leave us untouched, while others haunt us with their beauty, melancholy, joy or fear. Painting is a record of  artist’s interior life, and his/her ability to see beauty in both the beautiful and the ugly.

    Because feelings can’t be quantified in immediate dollars and cents unlike consumer goods, many don’t see value in art, think it’s useless, and try to cut funding for school art programs and art organizations. As a consumer driven society we are conditioned to ignore craftsmanship, uniqueness and beauty produced in singular products because a cheaper version of artistic creation is all around us for free on social media, TV, magazines, shop posters, book covers, pillow designs and so on. We see art but we don’t really study it. Only our encounter with the original painting has that immediate impact, raw emotion that enriches us as human beings.

    Images:

    Caravaggio, Head of Medusa, oil on canvas, 24×22”, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

    (In Greek mythology, the terrible Medusa had the power to turn anyone who looked at her into stone: a power she retained after being killed by Perseus.)

    Frans Hals, The Jolly Toper, 1628-30, oil on canvas, 32×26”, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

    Flaming June, Frederic_Lord_Leighton_(1830-1896)
    Sir Frederic Lord Leighton (1830-1896), Flaming June, 47” square, 1895, Puerto Rico
    Vasnezov Sirin and Alkonost. The song of happiness and sadness
    Vasnetzov, The song of joy and sorrow, oil on canvas, 133×250 cm, 1896, The Tretyakov gallery, Moscow
    Russian painting vasili perov
    Vasily Perov, Trine (Troyka), oil on canvas, 1866

    Also see:

    Isaak Levitan, Over the Eternal Peace, 1894, oil on canvas, 150x206cm, the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

    Ivan Shishkin, Winter, 1890, oil on canvas, 125 x 204 cm, Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

    Ivan Shishkin, In the Wild North, 1890, oil on canvas, 161 x 118 cm, Museum of Russian Museum, Kyiv

    Edvard Munch, The Scream, 1893, tempera and casein on cardboard, 36×29” (91x74cm), Oslo, Norway

    Romantics:

    Friedrich, two men contemplating the moon
    Caspar David Friedrich, two men contemplating the moon | The Met | http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/438417

    In this section I’d like to mention the 19th century Romantic Movement. Romanticism grew as a rebellion against the static, cold ideals of the Greco-Roman art, religion and social order. Romantics were liberals who produced art that excited viewers with emotions, especially the fear and the power of wild, changing Nature as the source of the sublime. Romantics channeled these ideals via painterly movement and color. They wanted to reflect on real life, not some distant ideals. Artists celebrated freedom of creativity that found its support from new patronage of successful entrepreneurs and business class.

    The funeral of Atala,1808,Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson
    Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson, The Funeral of Atala, 1808, oil on canvas, 5’6”x6’10” (1.67×2.10 m), the Louvre, Paris
    Caspar_David_Friedrich_-the polar sea
    German Romantic, Caspar David Friedrich, the Polar Sea (The Wreck of Hope), 1824, oil on canvas, 38×50” Hamburg, Germany

    Also see:

    Spanish artist Goya (1746-1828), The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, Los Caprichos, 1798, etching and aquatint, 8×6”, the Met, New York. Goya creates horror scenes with monsters and owls, depicts his nightmares that’s said to criticize Spanish society as corrupt and demented. The artist supported the French revolution being against the king of Spain. yet Goya was very popular as a court painter to Charles IV. Late Goya shows highly emotional art, already being a thought after portraitist, painting royalty as individuals with psychological insight into their personalities that lacked idealization on purpose.

    Goya, The Family of Charles IV, oil on canvas, 9’2”x11’, Prado Museum, Madrid & the Third of May, 1808, oil on canvas, 8’9”x 13’4”, 1814-15. (In this painting the artist shows the execution of Madrid citizens dying for Liberty).

    Swiss painter, Henry Fuseli (1741-1825) painted somewhat erotic, moody and supernatural pictures of dramatic Shakespearean scenes and dreams that ignited fear. In his painting the skill of drawing is given away in favor of emotions and imagination. He painted several variations of the painting The Nightmare, oil on canvas, 102x127cm, Detroit institute of arts

    Henry Fuseli (1741-1825) The nightmare. 1790-91 version

    Another Neo-Baroque French painter, Gericault (1791-1824) explored human extremes and violent action in his art. He painted people in action with the exuberance and energy of Baroque artists.

    Mounted Officer of the Imperial Guard, 1812, oil on canvas, 9’7”x6’4”, the Louvre, Paris. He completed this artwork at just 21 years of age.

    Other Romantic artists to check out are Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) and J.M.W. Turner.

    Color

    1880_Frederic_Leighton_-_Self_portrait
    Sir Frederic Leighton, Self-portrait, 1880

    We can divide representational art into two opposing groups. One is dominated by the composition design think of Michelangelo. And the other is led by the use of color and light. While thoughtful design stands for rational thought in art, beautiful play of light and color evokes strong feelings.

    Those of you who have tried oil painting know how hard it is to achieve color unity. It’s not only the skill of color mixing, but also the artistic vision and sensibility to color. In masterpieces we see hues that interact and support each other. The complexity of color comes with deliberate color mixing, dragging or glazing of the paint, overlaying, and letting one hue dominate and complement the rest. (Ingres, David, Simon Vouet). The tradition of color descends from Titian to Rubens, to Van Gogh and Picasso. Seurat developed his own scientific color system – pointillism that didn’t get traction among artists, however.

    Jacques-Louis_David death of marat
    Jacques-Louis David (French), The death of Marat, 1793, neoclassicism
    Mary Cassatt, Sleepy baby, pastels on paper, 1910, impressionism

    The Impressionists redefined the use of color, not painting with black in the shadows. Unlike the majority of artists who worked in the studio, the impressionists painted outdoors, capturing the weather conditions at different times of the day. That’s why you see numerous paintings done of the same subject but in various lighting conditions. We can look at Claude Monet’s waterlilies and Edgar Degas’ dancers to understand how artists were interested in atmospheric and light perception of places and people – the impression, rather than the actual copying of details. The impressionists revolted against the Academism and its annual Salon painting competitions to organize their independent shows that exhibited unconventional, colorful art.

    In Russia we see a rise of national landscape painting with artists like Shishkin and Kuindzhi who depicted vast, luscious and vivid landscapes of the countryside. Toulouse-Lautrec, Van Gogh and Gauguin become the post-impressionism artists who focus on the spiritual in painting channeling it through color and symbols.

     
    kuindzhi birch grove 1879
    Kuindzhi, birch grove, 1879
    Arkhip Kuindzhi (1842-1910), the moon night | Impressionism & realism

    Use of shapes, lines and negative space

    michelangelo drawing of Libyan Sibyl
    Michelangelo, drawing of Libyan Sibyl

    Line is the most vital element in visual art. Contour lines describe form and the initial drawing design. Drawings exist as personal records of artist’s idea and thoughts, having unique handwriting, gesture and energy. Line drawings can be very expressive if an artist varies shape, thickness and completion of the line. Rembrandt’s drawings capture everyday activities in sketchy but confident, almost child-like lines. Drawings of Michelangelo are beautiful studies of models where the lines define the physical anatomy and monumentality of male figures frozen in action.

    Da Vinci’s drawings perfectly describe the subject with soft, gentle lines reminiscent of the softness we see in his paintings. It’s amazing to see how Ingres describes figures in his hollow drawings of just contour lines with minimal shading.

    Japanese printmakers, Hiroshige and Hokusai became the two masters of woodblock printing in the country. They exercised great influence onto the Impressionists with their approach to composition design and the simplification of shapes. Hiroshige’s artwork is very linear and creates simplified shapes and patterns with the lines of varied quality.

    Hiroshige, “Travelers passing Mount Fuji” woodblock print, 1831, Honolulu
    Alphonse Mucha, The precious stones: Topaz, Ruby, Amethyst, Emerald, details, 1900, color lithograph, 26×11” each

    The leading Art Nouveau designer and painter, Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939) used geometric shapes, mosaics, and diagonals to create beautiful lithographs of women as idyllic symbols. Czech artist gave birth to his unique “Style Mucha” with his posters of a famed actress Sarah Bernhardt that made him prominent in French Art Nouveau. His use of definitive, contour line is central to his illustrative style.

    Austrian artist Gustav Klimt (1862-1918) employs lines, patterns and shapes to create a unique visual experience. His figures are made of patterns with contour and geometric lines defining form.

    Gustav Klimt, Tree of Life, 1909

    As spectators we often don’t pay attention to the artistic use of negative space. Negative space is simply the background you see behind an object. It often affects how we perceive what’s in front of us by carefully controlling the tone, color and shapes in the background space. Let’s look at one of Spanish realist artists – Cotan who uses the negative space to his advantage.

    Juan Sanchez Cotan, Quince, Cabbage, Melon and Cucumber, 1602, oil on canvas, 27×33”, San Diego Museum of Art

    Because the Spanish court and the Catholic church employed foreign painters like Titian in the 16th century Spain, native artists were not popular among the two major patrons, and therefore they were able to develop their still life painting that was nonexistent before the 1590s. Cotan (1561-1627) becomes a pioneer in still life painting. A deeply religious man, he painstakingly arranged simple objects at a curve, juxtaposing bright objects against the dark tones, where rich background reinforces the realism of foreground shapes.

    caravaggio wall in borghese gallery-veronica winters art blog
    Caravaggio wall in the Borghese gallery-veronica winters art blog

    Similarly , Caravaggio used the dark background to bring his subjects forward. He defined and mastered chiaroscuro – the balance of light and dark in his paintings. So much so that when a viewer stands in a dark interior of a church he sees abstracted patterns of light and shade. When the light is turned on, the entire painting changes to a story we see in a design. His mastery of color, negative space and contrast play with our perception of reality. (David and Youth bitten by a lizard).

    Texture, paint and brushwork quality

    Jan van Eyck (Dutch), painting detail that shows glazing techniques with seamless brushwork.

    Caravaggio, St. John the Baptist. | This painting shows the effect of glazing where color (red) is built up in many layers of thin paint (glazing).

    Our eyes travel across canvas to notice the unusual texture and brushwork, or purposefully to see none. Strokes of paint can describe the textures and shapes of fabric, skin and space. They can also generate an emotional response to the subject itself. The artistic ability to do it freely takes years of experimentation and practice, like we see in Sargent’s painting. Sargent’s art has spontaneous brushwork quality that’s actually deliberate and skilled. He was masterful at hitting the right ‘note’ in a single stroke, and when he was not, the artist wiped it off with a rag, and did it again. His paint strokes have relaxed elegance and fluidity.

    John Singer_Sargent_Lady_Agnew Scottish National Gallery
    John Singer Sargent, Lady Agnew
    Metz art museum-Sargent-veronica winters art blog
    Metz art museum-Sargent-veronica winters art blog

    Classical oil painting techniques

    Traditional methods involve several painting oil painting techniques. Here I’d like to mention glazing used by Ingres and David as well as the impasto oil painting technique perfected by Rembrandt. Glazing creates depth and sophistication in color by using thin, transparent layers of paint. The impasto technique creates texture in thick, opaque strokes. These two seemingly opposing methods are often combined together in a single work of art, like we see in the Rembrandt’s paintings that create the glow in his portraits. The Jewish bride.

    Rembrandt, the Jewish bride, oil painting detail showing the impasto technique.

    Impasto (to put in paste, Italian) is applied thickly on a canvas or panel with a brush or a palette knife that raises the paint surface and makes the strokes visible. Impasto creates textures in clothes, jewelry, and skin that looks like a suggestion of the fabric or skin rather than a direct representation of it. The relief-like surface makes the lights pop more to attract our attention to the focal point. Rembrandt, Velazquez, Titian and Goya used this technique.

    paintings of angels van Eyck

    Jan Van Eyck (Dutch, 1390-1441) was a fundamental figure in northern Europe, the first to perfect the oil painting technique. He had strong interest in optics and light effects to create painstakingly detailed realism. (Ghent Altarpiece, oil on panel, detail). In this kind of art you don’t see any brushwork to convey realism. The artist uses lots of glazes to build up the color.

    A lot of artists use a combination of techniques that include glazing, impasto, scumbling and more that produced different visual effects to convey realism of texture and form.

    Detail of a painted gown

    Alexander Roslin: Marie Suzanne Giroust, 1734-1772, konstnär, gift
    Alexander Roslin: Marie Suzanne Giroust, 1734-1772, konstnär, gift med Alexander Roslin.

    Action step:

    Pick an artwork that you really like, and try to explain why you enjoy looking at it in terms of composition, color, and subject. Practice your understanding of paintings, and your art appreciation will grow exponentially!  Have fun with it!

    I hope you’ve enjoyed watching my video and discovered how story, composition, emotion and texture – all contribute to and influence on our perception of famous paintings. A great painting offers a lot more than a good composition, realism, or vibrant color. A great painting gives you an emotional experience, something poetic and spiritual that transcends time and place, and allows you to understand yourself and the world around you!

    Coming up next: Video #2 Contemporary Painting

    In my next video you’ll learn what to look for in contemporary art.

    Check out visionary art for sale

    Complete video series:

    Video #1 Part 1 – Learn what makes a painting great

    Video #1 Part 2 – you are here!

    Video #2 Contemporary Art 

    Video #3 How to take care of your art collection – coming soon!

    Video #4 How to frame art 

    Video # 5 Why you don’t need an interior designer to buy and display art in your home – coming soon!

    Bibliography:

    The Metropolitan Museum of art, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection

    History of Art, 5th edition, H.W. Janson

    The gilded age, E. Prelinger

    Rhythmic Form in Art by Irma Richter, Dover Publications

    Wikipedia & tons of art history classes in college! 🙂

     
    Legal Notice
    • Veronica Winters doesn’t own the copyright to masterworks shown here. Some pictures were taken in the art museum while others were downloaded from the museums.
    • Veronica Winters reserves all rights to her intellectual property.
    • It is a violation of US and international Copyright law to reproduce, or copy, Veronica Winters’ original paintings, drawings, writings, or trademarks.
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    art appreciation: understanding the qualities of great art

    Learn what makes a painting great: Video #1 Part 1

    In the first video in the series you’ll learn about some of the greatest works of art, art movements, ideas and artistic elements. This video will help you understand and appreciate the qualities of great art, especially painting created before the 20th century.

    Video Notes:
    Overview:

    Art Movements 0:42

    Art Patrons 1:49

    Art Education & female artists 2:21

    Why do artists create art? 3:26

    Artistic Elements : Story & Subject

    Story & Subject 4:29

    Biblical Scenes 5:16

    Historical & Mythological Painting 9:03

    Formal Portraiture 14:42

    Landscape art 20:33

    Genre art & Dutch still life 23:13

    Kramskoy, portrait of a stranger, 1883

    Next video: Video #1 | Part 2

    In my next video you’ll learn about major artistic elements that artists use to design their paintings. They include composition, emotion, color, and the use of shapes, space and some painting techniques.

    Painting detail of angels, art in Turin, Italy

    Complete video series:

    Video #1 Part 1 – Learn what makes a painting great – you’re here!

    Video #1 Part 2 – Learn what makes a painting great, part 2

    Video #2 Contemporary Art

    Video #3 How to take care of your art collection – coming soon!

    Video #4 How to frame art 

    Video # 5 Why you don’t need an interior designer to buy and display art in your home – coming soon!

    Hand, painting detail, art in Turin, Italy

    Bibliography:

    The Metropolitan Museum of art, http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection

    History of Art, 5th edition, H.W. Janson

    The gilded age, E. Prelinger

    Rhythmic Form in Art by Irma Richter, Dover Publications

    Wikipedia & tons of art history classes in college! 🙂

    Check out visionary art for sale 

    Venice biennial 2017:  a crappy show with rave reviews

    If you regret that you haven’t seen the show yet, don’t. Venice Biennale 2017 is monumental in concept and degraded on visuals, heavy on installations, and weak on any form of beautiful painting, huge on scale and tiny on emotion. Chief curator of the Pompidou center in Paris, Christine Macel  arranged the exhibition in a number of pavilions -realms which flow together with concept art titled “Viva arte Viva!”

    While paid entrance to the biennale invites you to visit vast spaces of the Arsenale and the Giardini, a number of other pavilions are scattered throughout Venice in medieval palazzos and gardens. Art in those palaces looked better than the one in the official biennale. Each pavilion usually represents a single country with its native artists exhibiting their talent to the multilingual public.

    Karla Black abstract sculptures
    Venice biennial 2017: the Arsenale. 9 chapters or realms, 86 countries, 120 artists – one feeling of confusion. The show opens up with large-scale installations situated between a long stretch of bare, tall brick halls of the Arsenale. Arsenale is the medieval Venetian warehouse for arms and boats.

    This is one of the top art international shows that obliterates visual beauty in favor of concept. Boring to the eyes and craftsy at best, the viewer has to read lengthy statements in provided brochures to “get” the idea behind the pieces. I love Venice for its beautiful architecture, history and art, yet the biennial rejects even a slightest idea of having representational art on its grounds. The exception is the Venetian pavilion itself that defies the curator’s voice with sparkling jewelry, chandeliers, gowns and sophisticated glass that highlights traditional artist labor and skill.

    A woman’s head is picking out from a hole in the floor with piles of clothes arranged in a circle.
    The Romanian Pavilion

    Like in the naked king fairy-tale, fooling of people takes place in the exhibition stating what they see is ART.  Rooms after rooms visitors encounter piles of materials, fabric, metals or abstract sculptures, that often have profound meaning expressed through riveting writing. However these endless primitive installations and videos leave the spectators  confused on what ART means.

    Art exists to call our attention to something, to make a statement, or to leave a record of times lived. Curated as apolitical and without a clear message, the biennial misses to deliver on any of these points.

    The German Pavilion
    More rooms

    Visual arts are called visual for a reason. Because the artist’s call to attention and its impact is visual, conceptual art rarely leaves considerable emotional impact. Even when the concept is strong, it’s weakened by the absence of the visual perception we all share. Therefore, such installations should get a specific classification not to be promoted as art. Today’s notion abolishes any standard for an artist to aspire to, and for people to understand or appreciate. Why did we keep high standard in music or dance and completely abolished the one in art? It’s not the absence of artists willing to travel years in education to achieve something worthwhile of people’s attention, it’s about few art critics and curators, influential art shakers who pick and choose, add and subtract – curate according to their tastes, business practice and economic whims.

    The pavilion of Shamans

    Art installations that catch attention

    On the upside, the exhibition is gender-even, nationality-diverse, with the majority of the unknown artists representing both influential and obscure countries. There are a few art installations at the main complex of the biennale that caught my eye.

    The Zimbabwe Pavilion
    Zimbabwe pavilion
    The Russian pavilion
    Russian Pavilion: Change of Decorum. Growing aggression, terror, irrational life of people, control and manipulation of masses are the themes of the art installation with drones, people, soldiers and androids living in the “transparent world.”
    The Chile Pavilion
    Artist Bernardo Oyarzun explores the theme of the current representation of the Mapuche community, a group of indigenous inhabitants of southcentral Chile and southwestern Argentina. Dark room features an installation of over 1,000 Mapuche kollong masks, traditionally used in ceremonies. Note that 40 Mapuche artisans produced these handmade masks commissioned by the artist who installed them in the pavilion.
    The Argentinean Pavilion
    Claudia Fontes, The Horse Problem
    “Making art is not a luxury. It’s a way of surviving that humans as a species have developed: we are, so far as we know, the only group of living beings capable of calling the attention of others to the meaning of life. That’s something to celebrate.” – Claudia Fontes
    Other rooms
    The Mongolian Pavilion
    The Venetian Pavilion
    This is a visual Venice guide about the city and its history. To shop on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3QSvpFr

    Art seen off of the biennial in Venice in 2017

    A nice surprise is a solo show by Carole A. Feuerman situated in a peaceful corner of a green garden at the Giardino Della Marinaressa, by the Venice Biennale (open and free to the public). The artist makes hyper-realistic, life-size sculptures of women in painted bronze and steel, resin and oil that look so life-like, you just want to reach out and touch the sculptures!

    Kendall Island, lacquer on bronze, life-size sculpture

    Project by Lorenzo Quinn on the Grand Canal in Venice. His monumental sculpture of white hands raises awareness about the climate change and the rising sea levels.

    Street art in Italy

    I must mention the performance that I saw on the streets of Turin. A young man pounded the keys of an old typewriter with rare obsession. Here is one of his finished pieces.

    The artwork made using an old type writer.

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    Salvador Dali paintings: perfect mix of surrealism & symbolism at St. Pete museum

    Salvador Dali paintings & surrealism

    Art is not created in vacuum. It forms as a product of cultural, economic and emotional baggage of the artist. Salvador Dali’ inner world is vast and complex, and his surreal symbols are hints to unpacking his creative mind and soul. Every artist starts his journey in the beginning.

    The Dali museum in St. Petersburg divides its art collection into several sections – his early paintings of anti-art, surrealism, nuclear mysticism, and op art pieces. Housed in a sunlit, modern building, the show introduces us to Salvador Dali’ mind with his early paintings he completes at the 13 years of age. Early Dali art may shatter your perception of someone’s talent. It doesn’t look great. Dali early paintings show different styles and influences, mainly borrowing from the French impressionism and Fauvism movements. This is useful for artists to understand because we all create silly and unskillful art in the beginning.

    Dali art
    Salvador Dali early art: his self-portrait and a portrait of his aunt

    dali artwork basket of bread
    Salvador Dali, the basket of bread. | Here we can see that the artist masters the classical painting techniques that opens him up to the development of his own, surrealist art style and subject matter.

    Salvador Dali art style evolution: from surrealism to symbolism to op art

    Salvador Dali (1904-1989) is the most famous surrealist artist. His surreal paintings were my major influence in the past. I was fascinated with his skillful ability to express his psyche visually, painting the melting life inside him that went far beyond his dream state. With a remarkable skill, he renders tiny details on small panels and huge canvases alike. In his surreal art, Dali elongates the natural forms and de-personifies people with sightless, stretched or egg-like faces. He scatters the symbols throughout his paintings of complex stories and turns the rational world upside down in his vivid, barren landscapes.

    dali museum figueres spain dali jewelry-veronica winters art blog
    Dali museum, Figueres, Spain, one of his original surreal jewelry pieces

    Why Dali left the surrealism movement

    Deeply influenced by Sigmund Freud’s work “The Interpretation of Dreams,” Spanish artist explores the irrational and his dreams in the beginning of his career. Horrified by the rootlessness of the World War I, the surrealists rejected the rational mind and explored the irrational one instead. Although Dali is the most famous surrealist artist in the group, not many of us know that he broke away from the surrealist movement due to irreconcilable differences steeped in social and political views. The museum in St.Pete explains that Dali didn’t like the surrealists’ ideas of commune living and sharing, and his desire for self-promotion and individuality led him to part with the movement in a decade after he first joined the group in 1929. The artist gets fascinated with the optical illusions in art, creating his double image paintings still challenging our perception of the rational and irrational.

    dali quote

    Dali Nuclear Mysticism & Op Art

    Dali becomes a notorious artist who redefines himself and his mission after leaving the surrealists and entering the times of abstraction and subjectivity. He brands himself as a classical artist who loves Renaissance and aims to infuse his art with spirituality and classical ideals, unlike the abstract painters of his generation. He comes up with a new term the “nuclear mysticism,” and begins to paint huge canvases filled with the universal subjects, religious and historical themes. Influenced by the advances in science and technology, Salvador Dali’s late works (1949-1989) transform the surrealism style into monumental optical illusions, historical symbolism and the reverence for the universal. Besides having a number of solo shows in Spain and America, in 1974 he opens up his own museum in Figueres, Spain to house his art.

    dali artwork
    “Slave market with the disappearing bust of Voltaire,” 1940 shows us two images. In this double painting we see a bust of Voltaire as the symbol of reason hiding within the two female figures in the slave market. Here Dali argues that we’re enslaved to rationality, while the artist tries to open up a different channel for our perception, painting the irrational dreams and the unconscious. Dali suggests that the rational mind can’t always lead us to the truth. What do you see?
    Dali artwork Lincoln
    Dali, the portrait of Abraham Lincoln at the Dali art museum in St.Pete.

    dali artwork nuclear mysticism
    In his late works, Dali paints optical illusions in art on a monumental scale.
    #1 the double image painting shows “Gala contemplating the Mediterranean sea which at twenty meters becomes the portrait of Abraham Lincoln.” Gala is a symbol of perfection and the Lincoln’s head with the crucifix give references to death and the fleeting nature of beauty.
    #2 “The discovery of America by Christopher Columbus” shows the vast discoveries of humanity as well as Dali as an explorer. He paints Columbus as a young man stepping out to a  new world.
    #3 “The Hallucinogenic Toreador” depicts Venus 33 times. The goddess of love and beauty, the second figure hides a Toreador face within her body. The toreador represents masculinity, a boy represents and artist, and a dying bull shows death. The bust of Voltaire symbolizes reason, and at the top left we see Gala’s face again. This painting represents Desire and Death.

    Dali symbolism in surrealism as an expression of his fears

    Fear of women

    Art is not created in a vacuum. It arises as an emotional product of cultural, economic and psychic world of the artist. Dali’s inner mind and heart is vast and complex, and his symbols become the hints to discovering and understanding the artist’s soul. Through his art, Salvador Dali reveals many of his fears. He often paints his sexual fear of women. Numerous surrealist paintings project the artist’s sexual anxieties in his self-portraits with soft, stretched heads and figures. He depicts women deformed, stretched or as the cut-outs during the surrealist period. He depicts his nanny as an old figure with a cut out body supported by the crutches.  Women often turn their faces away from the viewer to conceal the artist’s emotions and insecurity towards the sex. It’s interesting to note that in his late works women become Venuses, saints and symbols of the female beauty for the artist.

    Dali horse sculpture at The Museo Soumaya in Mexico City

    Fear of his father

    In his surrealism paintings, Salvador Dali often explores the authoritarian rule of his father, depicting his father faceless and indifferent. He reveals his intense relationship with his short-tempered father in many surreal paintings. For example, he paints small, father-and-son figures in art representing his former closeness with the parent. These small and distant figures give a feeling of warm memories the artist longs for. These surrealist landscapes often have the airless, orange-yellow glow that contrast the dark blue sky sky and the mountains.

    “Archaeological reminiscence of Millet’s Angelus” is an important surrealist painting for Dali. Inspired by the Millet painting, Dali saw this artwork (right) as a reproduction during his childhood and its figures haunted the artist for life. Dali paints his version of Angelus (left) depicting two primordial people – male and female. We also see Dali twice in this painting as a boy with his father in the center and with his nanny at the bottom of the figure. The primordial couple symbolizes human relationship and destruction, showing the deforming, anguished figures set in a melancholic, colorful landscape. His painting projects an intense feeling of loneliness, loss, grief, longing and inevitability.

    Moreover, Dali shares his family’s tragedy in his surreal paintings. The artist had a brother. Also named Salvador, he died as a toddler less than a year before Dali’s birth. This family tragedy was deeply embedded within his psychic and affected his perception of himself for good. 

    Dali dead brother

    Dali other symbols & meaning

    Dali’s art is full of symbols, and some of them are explored in the museum. They include:

    Dali crutches meaning: During the surrealist period, Dali paints extremely elongated figures supported by the crutches. The crutches represent his fear of impotence, death. In his paintings, rotting, limping bodies suggest the horrors of wars.

    Dali artwork
    Dali surrealism paintings at the art museum in St. Pete.

    Dali melting clocks and The Persistence of Time meaning: melting clocks represents the fluidity of time. The “Persistence of memory” is influenced by the discovery of the atomic energy and the sub-atomic world. Dali breaks the word into rational sub elements where Time stops limiting us. The image of the melting clock came to the artist after seeing a piece of cheese melting under the sun. Dali saw time as a fluid and relative thing, and his melting clocks represent the passing of time and the relativity of our perception of it.

    While I don’t have the image of the Persistence of Memory,1931 located at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, I can show you some variations on the theme I found in other art museums.

    Dali museum in Figueres, Spain | One of Dali’ original jewelry pieces shown at the Spanish museum
    Dali melting clocks sculpture shown at The Museo Soumaya in Mexico City
    Dali melting clocks sculpture, The Museo Soumaya, Mexico City, Mexico

    Dali Elephants symbolism: Elephants are often associated with strength and wisdom, but Dali also saw them as symbols of the unconscious mind.

    Dali museum, Figueres, Spain | Dali elephant and melting clocks jewelry


    Dali Lobster symbolism: Lobsters are another symbol of the unconscious mind, and they are also associated with sexuality and transformation.


    Dali Ants meaning: Ants are often seen as a symbol of industry and cooperation, but Dali also saw them as symbols of death and decay and decomposing prey.


    Dali Burning giraffes meaning: Burning giraffes are a symbol of Dali’s own personal fears and insecurities. They are also a symbol of the fragility of life and the inevitability of death.

    Dali Piano symbolism: Piano represents a fond memory of summer concerts at the beach, and a scary memory of books his father placed on the piano that had the illustrations of the sexually transmitted diseases.

    Dali Roses symbolism: roses represent female beauty and sexuality for the artist.

    Dali Venus meaning: Venus represents female love and beauty.

    Dali Melting, broken eggs symbolism: these are symbols of memories in the mother’s womb.

    Dali Keys meaning: keys represent unlocking the unconscious mind.

    Dali sculpture at miami art context 2023
    Dali sculpture at Miami art context 2023

    Gala: artist’s muse, wife & promoter

    Salvador Dali was a tireless self-promoter. Together with his Russian-born wife and manager – Gala (Elena Ivanovna Diakonova) they worked on connections, marketing, and new job opportunities for the artist. Dali might not have achieved his fame during his lifetime, if he and his wife didn’t pursue those relationships and connections. The couple lived between the U.S. and Europe, while Dali not only painted and exhibited his work in galleries, but also worked on his jewelry, opera sets and costume design. He also contributed to the art scene with his book writing, numerous illustrations, holograms production, and the creation of the dream-like sequences for the Hitchcock’s film Spellbound. 

    While exploring the art museum, it’s interesting to see how close Dali and Gala were, how she influenced the artist, and how strong their partnership was despite their open marriage arrangement. Considerably older and not a striking beauty, Gala captured Dali’s heart at once when they first met in 1929. She had an affair with Dali and later became his life-long muse. Gala divorced her husband, French poet and one of the founders of the surrealists, Paul Eluard to marry Dali.

    We can recognize Gala’s face in many of his paintings where she models for the artist both clothed and nude.  Gala becomes a symbol of the female perfection for the artist. In the Dali museum at St. Pete you see Gala in a double painting of “Lincoln” and as virgin Mary in “Columbus.”

    Dali dies in 1989 after receiving the international acclaim with his retrospective shows in Germany, Spain, U.S.A, Holland, England, and Japan. Every artist begins his journey in the begging but not every artist reaches the end with fame. As artists, we go through many stages and only the persistent and social ones seem to win. Dali succeeds threefold.

    Dali late artworks
    Late works: “The Ecumenical Council” shows Dali in the left corner and Gala as St.Helena. She connects the artist with the spiritual world above. Influenced by Velasquez, the artist paints on a huge scale with the monumental themes of science, history and religion.

    The Dali museum houses a very good, once private art collection of A. Reynolds and Eleanor Morse. They started their Dali collection in 1943. In 1982 the Dali museum in St. Pete was inaugurated. The art collectors ran out of wall space and decided to build this museum and gift their art collection to the public. What’s amazing to see here is how many paintings they acquired from one artist that included both huge canvases and tiny pieces, all of which hung in their house in Cleveland.

    I recommend to sign up for the virtual tour of one of the Dali’s paintings on the 3d floor (free with admission). It’s really fun. Also, download the museum’s app that guides you through the collection. Check out their special events schedule and evenings at the museum. Official websites: St.Petersburg http://thedali.org/ and Spain https://www.salvador-dali.org/

    To read about the artist’s museum in Spain: https://veronicasart.com/talent-art-dali-theater-museum-in-figueres-spain/

    Visionary art for sale

    Frida Kahlo Art show at Dali Museum in St. Petersburg in 2017

    Frida Kahlo endured 34 surgeries in her 47 years. She lived a life haunted by tragedy, painting her pain. Sometimes I ask myself what if she didn’t go through a horrific accident at 18, would she become the most famous female artist after all? Would she paint some other pain in her life? This museum show is small but well-presented. It summarizes Frida’s relationship with her art, her husband Diego Rivera, and her pain.

    “The Broken column,” 1944

    Every aspect of Frida’s life is set against her both physical and emotional pain. And lots of it. Surreal paintings and drawings focus on the breaking point in her life – the car-train accident. A broken metal handrail pierced through her pelvis that led Frida into a dark place of endless suffering, surgeries and miscarriages for many years to come. She documents her suffering on small canvases, often painting in bed.

    After many surgeries, Frida spent a lot of her time in bed. She refused to eat food and became very weak. Frida was forced to eat food through a funnel to recover that she illustrates as torture in this painting.

    Frida Kahlo symbolism

    Despite the obvious lack of technical skills, Frida’s art is highly symbolic and powerful. It’s one of the reasons why most US museums keep showing her art in rotation. Similar to French surrealists, Frida explores the symbols of her dreams in art. Frida also saves herself from endless suffering by painting symbolic pictures that represent her thoughts. We often see her husband Diego Rivera, blood, fetuses, bed, and animals as symbols in her paintings.

    For example, in this painting the artist documents the pain of her miscarriage with 6 symbols: the lifeless fetus, her pelvis, the snail pace of recovery, the fragile tulip, the medical machine, and some anatomical structure, illustrating the nature of her problem.

    In the art show we can also study a number of pages taken from her childhood journal. Tight sentences fill the pages with stories and doodles, in which we can see Frida’s desire to travel across time and space creatively.

    Below you see a sketch of her accident.

    Frida’s art is her self-portraits. By comparing her paintings to the black-and-white pictures, I think she paints herself too masculine with a hint for dark mustache and her signature arching eyebrow that looks like a wing. While nude or semi-nude artist appears serious, or even cries in her self-portraits, Frida’s photographs show the artist dressed colorfully, and even with some noticeable flare. She wears long skirts, shawls, jewelry, and the real flowers put in her hair that all point at her girly, untouched by the inner sorrow cheerful personality. 

    The electric train with two cars approached the bus slowly. It hit the bus in the middle. Slowly the train pushed the bus. The bus had a strange elasticity. It bent more and more, but for a time it did not break. It was a bus with long benches on either side. I remember at one moment my knees touch the knees of the person sitting opposite me. I was sitting next to Frida. When the bus reached it maximal flexibility it burst into a thousand pieces, and the train kept moving. It ran over many people.
    I remained under the train. Not Frida. But among the iron rods of the train, the handrail broke and went through Frida from one side to the other at the level of the pelvis. When I was able to stand up, I got out from under the train. I had no lesions, only contusions. Naturally the first thing I did was to look for Frida.
    Something strange had happened. Frida was totally nude. The collision had unfastened her clothes. Someone in the bus, probably a house painter, had been carrying a packet of powdered gold. This package broke, and the gold fell all over the bleeding body of Frida.
    When people saw her they cried, “La bailarina, la bailarina! With the gold on her red, bloody body they thought she was a dancer.
    -The testimony of Alejandro Gómez Arias

    “A few small nips,” 1935.” When Diego had slept with her younger sister, Frida began to have her own affairs. Inspired or perhaps traumatized by the newspaper’s crime report, the artist paints a horrific crime scene showing blood and stabbing of a woman. The blood spills on the frame as well. The museum interprets the artwork’s symbolism as stabbing infidelities of Diego.

    We tend to idealize people once they pass away, give them heroic qualities and subdue their pitfalls. In this show I wished to see the subtle layers of her personality that I couldn’t pick up from her art. Did she feel like a victim who suffered and longed for pity from people around her? Or did she consider herself a hero who overcame her physical and emotional struggles? Did she have any close friends who supported her artistic purpose besides Diego? Why did she stay with Rivera despite his countless infidelities? Was it love or weakness? In her art and photographs we see Diego almost too often, and not enough of her surroundings or people who may have helped her heal.

     

    The art show is up at the Dali museum in St.Pete till mid. April. I recommend downloading the museum’s app that guides you through the exhibition. http://thedali.org/

     Copyright: All images were taken at the art show at the Dali museum in St.Pete in 2017. 

    .

    Visionary Art for Sale 

    6 drawing mistakes & how to fix them fast!

    As I’ve been teaching drawing since 2004, I see the same mistakes every beginner makes in his art. I’d like to list the most common drawing mistakes and how to fix them fast.

    6 drawing mistakes & solutions:

    1. You have crooked lines that make your drawing look uneven.

    Fix: Work on the perfection of your drawing by checking the accuracy of your shapes in a mirror. When you look at your image in the mirror, your mind reads the information differently, allowing you to see the mistakes. The same happens when you look at your art upside down.

    Look at your artwork upside down or in a mirror to catch the mistakes.
    Look at your artwork upside down or in a mirror to catch the mistakes.

    2. Your drawing lacks clarity.

    Fix: Always shade right to the edge of your outline without leaving the uneven, white spaces. When we shade we have the tendency to lose the edge. As a result our drawing falls apart by becoming uniformly soft, lacking focus and definition. While not everything should be defined or outlined, most students have a problem of not “connecting” numerous lines that leads to uneven shading.

    The solution is to outline the edge with the line of the correct value (tone) and shade right to that edge to restore the original outline.

    drawing-mistakes-and-how-to-fix-them
    The black lines show you where the unevenness of shading happens, creating the ‘broken’ lines that destroy the sense of the form. Shadows must look uniform without any white spots present in between your lines!

    3. Your drawing looks messy.

    When we sketch the lines graphite tends to smear all over the place. It’s important to keep the drawing clean to give a nice impression of a finished work even if it’s not finished. While it sounds obvious, you won’t believe how many students make messy drawings!

    Fix: If you draw in colored pencil, it’s vital to keep all the graphite pencil marks super light and avoid smudging as much as possible. Kneaded eraser is your best friend. It doesn’t leave any residue on paper and erases softly.

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    4. The objects in your drawing escape or fall off the page.

    Start your sketch with the envelope where you mark the top, bottom and sides of your objects. Then draw inside those markings without “leaving” the envelope.

    This sketch shows how to start drawing correctly by sketching out the "boundaries" of the object first, and then breaking them down to smaller shapes.
    This sketch shows how to start drawing correctly by sketching out the “boundaries” of the object first, and then breaking them down into smaller shapes.

    5. You focus on drawing the contour so hard, but it never looks right when you’re done.

    Fix: always make directional lines first, and position your shape over that line. This technique gives you the right rotation & position of your subjects in space.

    creative-techniques-book-sample-pages49
    This is a page taken from the ‘Creative Techniques’ art book that illustrates the concept of subjects’ rotation in space. The line in the center gives the direction to the object, or places it in space correctly. Then you simply draw the object over it.

    6. You don’t know where to start shading.

    Fix: start shading from your darkest shadows! Then continue to your mid tones and finish up with the lightest shading around the highlights.

    This is another page from the book that shows you this concept. You block in the darkest areas first, and then erase the highlights and make tonal transitions.
    This is another page from the book that shows you this concept. You block in the darkest areas first, erase the highlights, and make additional tonal transitions.

    Hope it helps! And now you can go and create your masterpiece following these tips. 😁

    Step by step drawing tutorials can be found here.

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    2. Mono eraser: https://amzn.to/3e6SHRw
    3. Kneaded eraser: https://amzn.to/3MCnQ2Z
    4. Drawing paper: https://amzn.to/3QNYl1e
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    17 contemporary women artists: the best of real and surreal in painting

    Contemporary women artists

    Realism is coming back! Lost to decades of abstract art, contemporary figurative painting is experiencing a rebirth in a variety of styles. Contemporary figurative artists are becoming more popular among the gallerists and collectors alike, and with that the female artists rise and take part in more art shows than ever. Let’s look at the roundup of some female painters who continue the tradition of classical painting with a twist.

    Every artist is a unique voice. Art is a record of human emotions, experiences and history. In this interview every female painter answers a single question. What they want others to see in their art. Let’s look at their answers!

    famous contemporary artists
    Please note that all artwork is copyrighted by the artists mentioned in this post. Contact them directly. You will find this article about famous contemporary women artists in the American Art Collector, March issue, 2018

    Margo Selski

    By using a safe and familiar composition, my goal is to lull the viewer into a false sense of comfort and familiarity, where they are drawn to images which, upon further viewing, become curious, uncomfortable and perhaps even dangerous.

    Margo Selski, il and Beeswax on Canvas, 40 × 30 in, RJD gallery

    Margo Selski creates a fairy tale universe depicting her family secrets in the surreal paintings. These are tightly balanced, emotional riddles often starring her children dressed in elaborate clothing. While the narratives seem fantastical, they are autobiographical since every artist depicts parts of herself in art. Every painting shows duality that creates tension. Every painting is a world of fragile self-exploration and heightened emotions. There is a sense of passing time that flows through fantasy that becomes a hidden reality. Influenced by Flemish painting, the artist also plays with the medium, creating false craquelure where lines look like cracks in old paint.

     https://www.margoselskiartist.com/

    Anne-Marie Kornachuk

    I want people to see a real figure, in a moment of intimacy, surrounded by the abstracted beauty of the fabric.

    Anne-Marie Kornachuk, oil painting

    Canadian artist Anne-Marie Kornachuk paints women in swirling gowns. Colorful fabric shimmers around the figure to seduce us with visual beauty. Influenced by Baroque painting, the artist creates a dynamic flow between the silky fabric and dark background. Her female figures seem to be confined within the boundaries of canvas, yet they are free to jump, making beautiful patterns of light and dark.

    The artist’s striking paintings and oil painting techniques are featured in the art inspiration book titled Art Lessons in Realist Drawing, Painting & Beyond. 

    To learn more: https://www.annemariekornachuk.com/

     

    Roos van der Vliet

    What I want to happen between a viewer and my work is not really up to me. It is something personal between the two of them, it goes beyond me. I do tend to influence this moment of course by always trying to let my portraits stare directly at the viewer, by letting them tell a non verbal story, solely by their eyes. It can’t be heard but you can sense some of it by watching them closely. People often walk by art without really looking. I hope that my paintings almost force the viewer to stand still and look back.

    female artists 21st century, women painters
    Storytellers xvi, acrylic on canvas, 2016

    Female artist from the Netherlands, Roos creates realistic portraits of women with soulful eyes who are also constricted by their own hair. The enigmatic gaze of every Storyteller acrylic painting almost forces us to stare back at the model. Just like in the Margo Selski’s paintings, we can sense polar duality in the images. It’s a mental struggle between the invisibility and popularity, the known and unknown, the outer appearance and inner world. Interested in representing the world realistically, Roos makes every effort to depict the soft flow of hair and the honesty in the model’s eyes as human as possible.

    http://www.roosvandervliet.com/others.html

     

    Kelsey Beckett

    Little lives

    Kelsey Beckett is a talented artist-illustrator who stylizes the female form to reveal romantic fragility in her contemporary figurative painting. Influenced by Manga, her oil and acrylic paintings are beautiful expressions of color, form and composition.

    http://kelseybeckett.com/

    Yuka Sakuma

    Yuka Sakuma, natural mineral pigments, Japanese ink, acrylic paint on hemp paper

    Yuka utilizes traditional materials like natural mineral pigments and Japanese ink to create paintings of women in Japanese style. To be more precise, these are artworks of beautiful, little girls that project innocence, playfulness and immaturity that usually gets lost with age. The artist creates a world of innocent childhood in her drawings where images of little girls often express emotional duality. Yuka is one of contemporary female painters who utilizes muted palette and flowing hair to express ethereal feelings.

    https://www.instagram.com/sakuma.yuka/

     

    Marina Dieul

    I want others to see “joy” in my art. Joy of creating, joy of seeing beauty in little things, joy of inventing possible stories and meanings… It looks like people can feel it, I have an endless number of testimonies from collectors and followers saying that my art make them smile.

    Marina Dieul, female artists painters
    Marina Dieul, MORPHOGENESE 3, 8x 8 inches, oil painting

    Marina Dieul was born in France but moved to Montreal, Canada almost two decades ago where she paints playful images of cats, mice and other animals. Her trompe l’oeil paintings express curiosity and amusement and we can’t help it but smile looking at paintings of cats chasing mice. Marina’s dramatically lit portrait paintings often depict children that give us a sense of wonder and innocence as well as show incredible artistic skill. The female artist won many prestigious awards with her figurative paintings. To learn more: www.marinadieul.com

    Kei Meguro

    Kei Meguro, pencil drawing and digital manipulation

    Japanese female artist, Kei Meguro creates pencil drawings of women she calls ‘babes.’ A lot of them are drawn from famous models or celebrities but exemplify her unique style that’s influenced by traditional Japanese art. The simplification of form and a near absence of any color are balanced with incredible details in the eyes and hair. The artist’s anatomical accuracy as well as fragility of the faces mesmerizes viewers. Unlike other contemporary female artists painters, Kei processes her drawings in Photoshop, cleaning up the smudges and adding layers of textures and color.

    The artist graduated from the School of Visual Arts in New York where she developed her illustrative style and now works for major fashion and design companies.

    https://keimeguro.com/

     

    June Stratton

    My paintings are imagined blends of beauty and nature. These paintings are often intentionally idealized representations of emotional impressions from my dreams – entwined with elements of the earth, sky and water that surround my real world. I use symbols and my feminine viewpoint to tell a very loose, abstracted narrative. As in my dreams, my muses cannot see all things, are sometimes unable to speak and frequently appear to be floating.

    Resemblance, oil, silver, arches paper mounted on panel

    June Stratton’s art is ethereal. These are paintings of young women depicted in soft hues of blue and silver that resemble water. While not always anatomically correct, her beautiful figurative paintings project magic and fragility. These paintings are visual stories where figures melt into the background only to reappear in a new dimension. The silver-leafed fractions add specks of light to her images. 

    junestratton.com

    Audrey Kawasaki

    The girls/women I paint are fictitious characters. They are all a manifestation of this one imagined person. Through her, I’d like the viewers to feel her confidence, strength, and independence. But she is also fragile and vulnerable and has all the weaknesses we all have. I like to play with that juxtaposition and balance. Things are never black and white. There’s a whole array of greys in between, and I like to explore that complexity.

    It Was You, oil, graphite, and ink on wood panel 24″x24″, 2014

    Audrey Kawasaki’s figurative paintings are beautiful renderings of female form and landscape. Art-Nouveau-elegant, sensual curves flow one into another to depict innocence and eroticism, seductiveness and melancholy, passion and coolness. Her use of patterns and shapes is reminiscent of Gustav Klimt, while manga-influenced figures show beautiful renderings of women who live in a magical universe.

    http://www.audrey-kawasaki.com/

    Mary Jane Ansell

    Mary Jane Ansell, study of a white hat, oil painting

    Based in the UK, Mary Jane paints hyperrealist paintings of fashionable women. Modern and confident, the figures often feel lost in quiet self-reflection. Mary Jane uses the indirect oil painting technique as the artist layers paint to achieve gradual likeness, depth and detail. Her female characters have beautiful, glowing skin and realistically painted clothes.

    http://maryjaneansell.com/

    Teresa Oaxaca

    I would like for viewers to get more interested in learning about aesthetics.

    women painters
    “Somnambulant Clown”, 32×48 inches, oil on canvas

    Dolls, dolls, dolls! A beautiful obsession, a dream, a collision of past and present. The Washington D.C. based artist, Teresa Oaxaca creates large paintings that inherit the exuberance of the Baroque and Rococo periods. Her oil paintings become records of lush compositions with clowns, women, fabric, and dolls reminiscent of rich artistic history. Classically trained at the Florence Academy in Italy, the female artist mesmerizes us with her skillful drawings and vivid oil paintings that depict figures talking, crying or smiling at us. Dressed like a beautiful doll herself, Theresa embodies her paintings visually during the artist receptions and workshops held internationally.

    http://www.teresaoaxaca.com/

    Anna Wypych

    What intrigues me the most is inner strength. My main goal is to make people – viewers of my works, feel and see their own inner strength.

    Leaving toxic habits.” oil on canvas, 100/80cm 39,5/31,5 inch, 2015

    Anna Wypych is a Polish figurative realism artist who paints women as allegories of human condition. Sensitive to her environment, she employs gentle color palette to convey her thoughts and psychology of people around her with undeniable sincerity.  Sometimes she paints multiple figures in a single painting like in a photography that dance, jump or interact with each other.  Semi-nude figures seem to be variations of one person that moves across space.

     http://annawypych.pl/

    Julie Heffernan

    Julie Heffernan’s oil painting

    Julie Heffernan’s imaginative painting is a mix of history, allegory, figurative and still life. The female artist has created numerous self-portraits. Presented as a tall, skinny, half-nude woman in the elaborate skirts or without them, she is surrounded by the forest, animals or shiny palace rooms. Her most recent artwork-magical landscapes addresses the climate change and how humanity slowly kills the planet that’s different in mission from her earlier paintings.

    http://www.julieheffernan.net/statement

     

    Katherine Stone

    When I look at my favorite artists (or read my favorite authors, or listen to my favorite musicians), what appeals to me is that they have created a little universe with its own laws of aesthetics, its  own language, its own habits and forms.  The artists have plunged deeply into their vision.  So I guess what I want people to see when they look at my art is a recognizable voice.

    A Certain Slant of Light, 20×13″, oil on panel, 2015

    Katherine Stone is a Canadian realist artist who paints children and still lifes. In her figurative paintings you won’t find excessive cuteness or sweetness usually captured in children. We rather see peaceful and subdued colors with a careful observation of light. A truly amazing craftsman, the artist often uses dramatic light (chiaroscuro), glazes and other traditional painting techniques to convey realism in art. Her still life paintings are often symbolic of life and death, and the irreversible passing of time.

    In this painting we look at a portrait of Maddie, Katherine’s visual inspiration and model since her cousin’s daughter was a toddler.  The artist’s literal inspiration for the painting comes from the Emily Dickinson poem. Soon we see how both the artist and the poet become sensitive to a short presence of daylight in winter.

    http://www.katestoneart.com/

    Kerry Simmons

    When people look at my art, I’d like them to see beauty, to experience the work as something that enhances and adds to life’s experience.

    Kerry Simmons, The Graduate, oil on panel, private collection

    Kerry Simmons is one of few female artists painters who works and illustrates in colored pencil, pencil or oil paint, living and working in New York. Some of her drawings depict women as allegories, or the Barbie dolls that evoke a sense of melancholia, isolation and abandonment. They are intense self-portraits even when the physical model is different from the artist but somehow carries the resemblance to Kerry’s beautiful face. A very talented figurative painter, her paintings emanate quietness and mystery.

    http://www.kerrysimmonsart.com/

    Tanja Gant

    I’m hoping that when people look at my work they see beyond the technical part. Sometimes my portraits are “snapshots” of people I’ve met and who have inspired me and other times my work tells a deeper, personal story. I would like my work to leave an impression and make people question the reasons behind each drawing.   

    Tanja Gant, Noesis, 12×22″, colored pencil drawing

    Tanja is an amazing talent. Self-taught, she has the ability to capture every person’s character from a unique vantage point. She often draws her family members and weaves her personal experiences into her colored pencil drawings. The artist makes work that encourages asking questions. You can marvel at her colored pencildrawings here: http://www.tanjagant.com/

    She is also one of the artists explaining her techniques at Art Lessons in Realist Drawing, Painting & Beyond. 

     

    Victoria Herrera

    I strive to serve as a reminder to the viewer of the beauty that exists in nature, which we often take for granted. Also, the piece should serve as a vehicle for the viewer to pause, observe and find solace in it.

    femaile artists 21st century, women artists
    Victoria Herrera, Frances Hope, 40 x 40 inches, oil on linen

    Victoria Herrera is one of realist female artists who creates large-scale artwork to entice the viewer to pause, step in, and to self-reflect on the emotions and the meaning of life. Every new oil painting is a masterful fit in capturing gentle yet seductive petals with high-contrast design. The artist often incorporates semitransparent shapes and circles into the backgrounds as a record of her near death experience. Her oil paintings of flowers serve as transformative experiences to capture simplicity, nature and God.

    victoriaherrerafineart.com

    With such wonderful roundup of contemporary female painters American art scene is destined to flourish and thrive. Stay tuned for more reviews of the contemporary figurative artists!

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    eyes-to-see

    The miracle of traveling to Nicaragua: how it changed my perception

    In June 2012, our group leaders Jeff and Stelli Munnis organized a mission trip to fly to Nicaragua. Through the Seeds of Learning, a non-profit organization supporting the education projects in Latin America,  we worked on the school building project in a small town of San Ramon, situated in the beautiful mountainous area, not far from Matagalpa. Chamba and Mina were the local leaders, responsible for the project’ completion and our well-being. 🙂

    Our group arrived to the country to complete the interior and exterior wall painting, the construction of a separate kitchen (Nicaraguan mothers volunteer to cook lunches for their kids daily), and the building of some pathways with benches around the school. I must say that our expectation how the school is supposed to look like has nothing to do with the ones build in Nicaragua. Those are small, simple buildings with few rooms and fenced windows.

    Since I came back from Nicaragua, I’ve been asked a number of questions that I’d like to answer here.

    One of school building projects in Nicaragua organized by the Seeds of Learning.org

    What did I bring from my trip?

    I bought a few handmade pieces from the local artisans that included a couple of handbags and some jewelry made of real, colorful seeds. But what I really brought from my trip were the intangible things. Mainly, a change in my attitude about life. It was an intense period in my life when I had to look inward to understand myself and my needs, to clarify my goals and purpose, and to just appreciate life a whole lot more than I used to.

    One of Nicaraguan girls in school

    How much was it?

    In short, $2100 including the ticket … Some questioned my decision to spend my money on this kind of a trip that didn’t include the luxurious accommodations and a beach resort, rather made me look at the incredible level of poverty, made me sleep in a hot and humid room with a bunch of strangers (our group members were the strangers to me at first). I also took cold showers (there was no hot water in the houses), drove over the pitiful roads, had stomach pain, sweated for hours under the blinding sun, inhaled the paint fumes with the dusty, polluted air, missed out on my daily news intake, as well as running, baking, drawing, painting, and not drinking the hot Earl Grey tea. I can go on and on.

    A beautiful kid Jose

    What did I gain?

    A lifetime of raw experiences and a change in perception… I saw pure joy and happiness derived from simple pleasures – the interactions with friends, family and strangers that reminded me of my native country. The Nicaraguans had no access to infinite shopping, the Internet, gaming, or workaholic lifestyle. I didn’t encounter the unspoken, spiritual emptiness often observed in the West. As many choose to live the American dream owning a house, two cars and a dream vacation each year both good and bad comes with it. Owning a house often defines our identity. We work for it. When the house is lost due to fire or other accident, it feels like everything is gone. We feel as a failure. It happens as we often focus on getting the nice things, become the slaves to our endless need to work to support our lifestyle. This is the exact opposite of the Nicaraguan culture. Their focus is family, the cultivation of relationships and friendships. I was never interested in possessions or the accumulation of stuff, coming from the former USSR where everything was rationed, and in this country I found a similar focus on friendships.

    Of course, Nicaraguans also have problems. Poverty is one of them. Yet, diving into a different culture was like breaking out from a shell that guarded my settled world. It was refreshing to look at the sincere enjoyment people had in their daily interactions with each other. It became the time to acknowledge their struggles that often involved hard, manual labor, and to appreciate my lucky existence living in the U.S. It was about seeing the humanity in simple things and actions, finding value in life, and accepting myself and others.

    In Nicaragua we all had some rough times that reinforced our gratitude for having the very basic things back home, like warm running water, electricity, air-conditioning, and the rudimentary appliances that cut on our time doing the housework. But most importantly, I woke up from my sleep, redefined my beliefs, habits, and stopped being so self-destructing and unkind to myself.

    + Originally published in the summer of 2012.

    Nicaraguan landscape

    To learn more:

    • Stelli Munnis http://www.stellimunnis.com/about/ and Veronica Winters talk about their art installation Eyes to See, filmed by WTAJ TV, State College, PA on Nov.2, 2012  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNBNSozqy4Q
    • To see a video of the trip, go to YouTube and type in “Americans in Nicaragua” https://youtu.be/V4JWJ0X8P-M
    eyes-to-see
    Eyes to see: U.S. Valanteers in Nicaragua

    Eyes to See: U.S. Volunteers in Nicaragua, photo book, 160 pages

    In this beautifully illustrated book, Stelli Munnis http://www.stellimunnis.com/about/ and Veronica Winters share what it’s like for Americans volunteers to travel to Nicaragua with the nonprofit organization, Seeds of Learning. Although volunteers travel to Nicaragua to build or renovate a school building, the real work happens when things are torn down. As the barriers between people are removed, and the walls individuals erect inside themselves are torn down, they become authentic and caring with one another. Volunteers return to the U.S. feeling different about themselves, others, and the world. They can’t help but feel deeply moved and touched by the hearts and spirits of the Nicaraguan children and people. The book contains over 100 full-color photographs that capture the spirit of what it’s like from the perspectives of volunteers, the children and people of Nicaragua.

    My pictures represent a journey to a country with little means yet abundant friendliness. It is a place filled with strong women, free-spirited children, and laid-back men. The Nicaraguan way of life is slow-paced, hard labored, and dedicated to familial relations and friendships. It’s also a place where coffee growers, farming communities, and local co-ops harvest the land and live simply.

    Images of children take a special part in this book. They had a natural, unspoiled ability to pose for my Nikon without any preconditions or special arrangements that others typically require when being photographed. They were neither rude nor aggressive; rather, they were kind, well behaved, and loving. I was drawn to their natural beauty and eagerness to communicate with our group of strangers and foreigners. This experience was deeply touching and filled my heart with love and gratitude.

    The lush tropical landscape, verdant mountains, and blue skies with billowy clouds provide the backdrop to many of my photographs. It was my intent to capture the spirit of the Nicaraguan people and their rustic lifestyle, while also showing the architecture, housing, and utilitarian objects used in everyday life.

    My sole purpose for creating this book is to let curious hearts see and understand the country. It’s a powerful and transforming experience to travel to the second poorest country in the western hemisphere and witness how people there live. It my sincere desire that my photographs will inspire many Americans to travel to Nicaragua with Seeds of Learning or donate to their organization. They are committed to providing children and communities with a tangible opportunity to improve their lives by having greater access to education.

    Thank you for your interest in our work and for supporting this project!

    -Veronica

    19th Century Russian Artists and Genre Art: the Itinerants movement that changed the landscape of Russian classical art

    As Russian art is not studied in most art history classes in the U.S., I’d like to introduce you to the Peredvizhniki movement – a group of Russian realist painters that appeared in the mid 19th century to question the predominance and value of Russian classical painting. Peredvizhniki translate as the “movers” or “trailblazers”.

    19th century is a fascinating time period in the art history of the Western Europe. Both the Church and the State lost their former influence in the patronage of the arts, which allowed for the birth and development of several new artistic movements in Europe. While Russian art remained quite reserved, developing new ideas slowly, it did break away from the cold Academic painting by embracing the depiction of common people and the countryside in Russia.

    Peredvizhniki (the itinerants) organized as a group in 1863. Similar to the Impressionists in France, the group of male artists organized traveling shows exhibiting their new work. They painted the common folk like serfs in the countryside, Russian landscape, and portrait art. Their goal was simple. Russian artists wanted to bring the arts to its people. They refused to depict the Bible scenes and Greek mythology, and focused on painting the world around them instead. They often showed inequality between the rich and the poor, the noble men and the inferior women. They also brought to people’s attention a widespread abuse of children, who often engaged in hard, manual labor.  As a result of such movement, Russian art preserved its traditional approach to painting in terms of the oil painting technique but considerably changed its themes.

    19th-century Russian Genre Art

    Here are some famous Russian genre paintings completed by the Peredvizhniki movement.

     

    Ilya Repin (1844-1930)

    Russian art, Repin
    Ilya Repin, They Did Not Expect Him, 1884-88, The State Tretyakov Gallery

    Ilya Repin grew up in poverty and hardship, living among the military as his father served in the military. He showed passion for the art at 13 and began to take art classes at a studio of a local artist. Soon, he became so good that he received commissions to paint the icons, which gave him financial freedom to fulfill his dream. In 1863 the artist travels to St. Petersburg to study art at the Academy. Not admitted the same year, he works on his drawing to get admission the next year. Repin becomes quick at gathering medals and awards for his studies and achieves great success with his final Academic project. At the same time he completes a commissioned piece – “Barge haulers.” After his travels in France, he comes back home to paint with the Itinerants.

    Russian art_Repin
    Repin, Barge haulers on the Volga river, 1870-1873

    Repin believed in moral and social purpose in his art and painted peasant life like no other artist of his time. He depicted daily struggles and overwhelming poverty of workers and peasants who lived in stark contrast to well-dressed high society of the Imperial Russia. In this painting of Barge Haulers we see the never-ending bank of the Volga river where the blinding sun  is as strong as the people below it.

    Pavel Fedotov (1815-1852)

    Pavel Fedotov was born in a large and poor family in Moscow and spent his childhood years among his neighbors. His parents put him into the cadet corps at eleven years of age where the artist showed himself as a brilliant student. He began to sketch the caricatures of his teachers and teacher aids on the pages of his notebooks. When he graduated as the ensign of the Finnish regiment, he was found of music and poetry, translated articles from German and sketched his friends. Being very poor, he couldn’t participate in his friends’ parties and continued to work on portraiture and caricature. After a considerable conviction of his friends, he left the service and entered the Academy to study art.

    His art instructors doubted his talent because Fedotov ignored the academic principles of battle painting composing horses and soldiers, and spent his evenings painting genre scenes remembered from his childhood. The artist lived in modest conditions, sending part of his service pension to his family back home. However, his sense of humor never let him give up on himself and eventually his talent got noticed by a famous Russian fabulist Ivan Krylov, who wrote him a letter asking to give up the Academy and work on his genre painting.

    Russian art, Fedotov
    Just knighted. Morning of the official who received his first cross, 1848, oil on canvas, 48x42cm, The State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

    Pavel Fedotov left the Art Academy, and in 1847 showed his first painting “Just knighted. Morning of the official who received his first cross.” The artist loughs at a proud clerk who is shown after his party, living in devastating poverty. The second painting “The Picky Bride” followed the same year to impress his former teachers from the Academy.

    Fedotov, choosy bride, Russian art
    Picky Bride, oil on canvas, 37x45cm, TheState Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, 1847
    Fedotov, Widow, 1851

     

    Pavel Fedotov, Matchmaking of a major, oil on canvas, 58 x 75 cm, 1848, The Tretyakov State Gallery, Moscow

    The artist exhibited his masterpiece titled “The Matchmaking of a Major” in 1848 that prompted him an honor award of the Academician.  He depicts a beautiful bride running out of the living room as soon as she saw her future groom appear in a doorway. Richly dressed, her mother catches the bride by her gown. This paining brought the artist fame and financial success. Fedotov wished to travel to England to study genre art, but his friends noticed a change in the artist in 1852. Soon, he was placed in the asylum where he died the same year.

    In his short life, the artist left tremendous legacy in Russian art by opening a new direction in Russian genre painting. Most of his oil paintings, sketches and portraits can be seen at the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow today.

    Vasily Perov (1834-1882)

    Vasily Perov  received his school education from a local deacon, who taught the boy math, language and the Bible. The boy showed great success in calligraphy and his teacher named him Perov (‘Pero’ sounds similar to a ‘feather’ in Russian).  Perov’s parents didn’t allow their son to enter a local art school, but let him take some private art lessons. Thanks to one of his relatives, Perov enters the art school later in 1852 and studies there to receive awards. After his graduation, he spends two years in Paris but ‘unable to paint anything worthwhile’ in his words, he begs the Academy to let him come back home. (Best artists received scholarships to spend 1-2 years in Western Europe after their graduation at the Academy).

    russian art, perov
    Vasily Persov, Easter rural procession, 1861

    Besides masterful portraits, Perov paints great genre paintings that capture the reality of Russian life and its people. His art explores the disparity between the rich and the poor as well as the hypocrisy of the church clergy. Despite his fantastic abilities and successful exhibitions, the artist didn’t consider himself worthy of attention. He lived modestly and died in poverty. Most of his paintings can be viewed at the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow today.

    Perov, Three students carrying water, 1866 | Here the artist depicts children carrying water in freezing conditions of Russian winter.

    Russian painting
    Perov, The drowned woman, oil on canvas, 68 x 106 cm, 1867, The State Tretyakov Gallery

    In this painting, the artist shows an indifferent policeman sitting and smoking over a dead body of a poor woman (presumably a prostitute) that happened so often that the officials expressed no interest in the lives of the disadvantaged.

    There are more Russian artists who contributed to the legacy of Russian art in the Itinerants movement that included Ivan Kramskoy, Vasiliy Polenov, Vasiliy Surikov,  Vladimir Makovsky, Mikhael Klodt, etc. Female painters were nonexistent until the 20th century Russia.

    Makovsky, to the marriage, 1894 | Russian artists often critiqued the tradition of arranged marriage. In this oil painting we can see the desperation of a young bride who has to marry a wealthy, old man.

    To continue reading about the 19th-century Russian portrait painting, please follow this link: https://veronicasart.com/19th-century-russian-art-and-portrait-painting-eyes-are-the-window-to-the-soul/

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    How to paint realistic shadows in colored pencil, graphite and paint

    If you’re interested in realistic drawing and painting techniques, you must study the shadows. The right placement and depiction of shadows helps artists create the three-dimensional illusion on a flat surface. The concept or the formula of seeing the light and how it turns the form is the same across various media. Let’s dive in.

    How to draw realistic shadows in colored pencil, graphite and paint

    The distribution of light

    To understand how to draw realistic objects on paper, you need to study how the light turns the form. This image illustrates the idea. Artists observe the light direction and try to find the highlights, form shadows, cast shadows and the reflected light on an object.

     

    How to draw shadows | This image shows the distribution of light on a solid object with the light coming from the left, forming shadows on the right.

    What are the shadows?

    There are two types of shadows: the form (or core) shadow and the cast shadow.

    how to draw shadows
    The distribution of light on a sea-biscuit

    The form shadow is present on the object itself, and is of the darkest value (tone). It appears where the light turns into darkness. You can see the form shadows on various objects including faces, fabric, flowers, etc. The form shadow makes the objects look three-dimensional, and if you don’t see it, the objects remain flat in your artwork.

    The cast shadow(s) is situated right under the object and is always attached to it.

    While the form shadows give the objects the roundness or volume, cast shadows give the physical presence to objects. They “make” the object look heavy set in the environment it’s in. Sometimes the cast shadows are a lot more interesting to draw than the object itself.

    Adjusting the light

    If you see no clear shadows in your still life or a photo, it’s much harder to create the 3-D illusion on paper. While we usually have no problem spotting the cast shadows seen on tables or windowsills, found under the fruit or vases, we do often find it difficult to pinpoint the location of the form shadow present on the fruit/object itself. Strong, directional lighting helps artists find the form shadow. Play with the light to see a variety of shadows on and under your objects.

    Seeing shadows in glass:

    Not every object confirms to the same formula I’ve described above. For instance, drawing reflective objects and glass requires a different approach or formula to create the 3-D illusion on paper. It involves observation and copying of major abstract shapes and reflections found within the glass object.

    how to draw glass
    Glass chandelier, Veronica Winters
    how to draw glass
    Glass bunny, Veronica Winters

    How to draw realistic highlights in pencils

    When we look at realistic drawings and paintings, we try to figure out how artists achieve such level of realism in their art.

    There are three elements that make drawings and paintings look three-dimensional on a flat surface:

    • Accurate shapes or perfect drawing of objects
    • Clear understanding how the light turns the form
    • Correct placement of highlights on objects, fabric and people.

    What is a highlight and how do you find it?

    Highlights are the lightest lights or the whitest spots you find on your objects. Always analyze the light direction and the light source. Is it coming from the left or right, top or bottom? You’d find the lightest areas on all objects being the closest to that light source.

    This image shows a general distribution of light on reflective objects with the light coming from the right. As a result, the shadows are on the left.

    The placement of highlights on your object is logical. Analyze the light direction. If it comes from the left, then your highlights would be on the object’s left hand side. If the light comes from above, then the highlights accumulate on the object’s top.
    If it’s a vase, a cup or a bottle directional highlights would appear on the object’s surface where the object usually curves or changes direction.
    You may see secondary lights in your set up as well. Usually they’re light but not as strong as the highlights. Make sure they remain secondary and don’t “compete” with your major few highlights. This way you create the hierarchy of light and shadow.

    Aphrodite plaster cast | Here the light comes from the left, illuminating half of the face. Therefore all highlights remain on the left side of the face.

    How to draw highlights in graphite drawing

    Placement of highlights in graphite drawing, david's eye drawing
    Placement of highlights in graphite drawing. My drawing study of the David’s eye, 9×12″ graphite on white Strathmore drawing paper. The highlights are pulled off of the page with the kneaded eraser to make the brightest areas white.
    pencil portrait drawing
    A study of Kat II, 9×12 inches, graphite on paper. | Here I used the kneaded eraser to lift out the lights and to create texture in her hair.

    If you’re interested to take your art to the next level, take a video class to learn more about the techniques of colored pencil drawing and painting here.

    How to draw highlights in colored pencil drawing

    Drawing on white paper:

    how to draw glass
    Still life with a vase, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on paper | This drawing was done on white, Bristol smooth paper with the lightest areas remaining free of any shading to preserve luminosity.

    Drawing on toned paper:

    white-fabric-
    A study of fabric, 9×12 inches, lightfast colored pencils on Stonehenge paper | Here the light comes from the left. Therefore the lightest part of the fabric with its highlights remains on the left side where I used white and off-white colored pencils to shade the highlights.

    This is the drawing completed on bright orange paper. Here you see white highlights. There are light yellow or light blue colors placed underneath the white first to create colorful highlights.
    The white highlights look white by shading with some light yellow or light blue colored pencils and then drawing with the white one over them.

    Take your art to the next level by watching a video course on demand.

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    How to improve realist painting working from pictures

    Many artists draw from pictures today or at least use them as a reference material. I use them a lot in the creation of my visionary art, especially when working in colored pencil. Being aware of the advantages and the limitations using photography, makes you a better realist artist because you learn to adjust your process to accommodate it to your practice. So here I list a few advantages and drawbacks using the pictures in painting and drawing.

    The advantages of using pictures in art creation:

    • The convenience of working from a picture is tempting. We want to snap a picture of a model instead of paying her for many hours of posing.
    • There are those lucky moments when the moment is just right to capture a moving subject or a facial expression.
    • Fast-changing weather conditions are easy to capture in photography when I travel, and I either have no time to paint or have no capacity to carry my art supplies to the top of a mountain.
    • Working from a picture in colored pencil is almost easier than drawing from life, especially when it’s about capturing the reflective surfaces or real flowers. I usually keep the real object as a reference, but end up drawing it from a picture.
    • By taking pictures yourself in a controlled set up, it’s possible to get nice images. For that I take a cardboard box used for shipping and cut two sides out, to which I glue the white tissue paper that diffuses the light. I place my object inside it and I light it up with one, two or three lights, depending on my idea. My set up is similar to this one:
    This photo is taken from this website: http://photography.tutsplus.com/tutorials/10-tips-to-get-started-with-still-life-photography–photo-8278
    oil painting techniques shadow box
    This is my basic still life painting set up where I don’t aim taking paictures, rather I use it to paint my still life objects direct from life.

    This is a striking image of a cloud with the fairly balanced tones between the sky and the ocean. Yet, the color is really off here, too blue and too dark to paint a large painting well without having a sketch made from life that captures the real colors I saw at the beach while taking this picture.

    The disadvantages using the pictures for realist painting:

    • The sky is washed out, the land is too dark. This happens a lot in the pictures of the amateur photographers. You need to learn to compensate for the colorless sky by either adjusting your camera settings by 1-2 stops, or taking more pictures of the sky itself separate from the land. Many phones have the HDR function in them these days and combine several shots into one, giving the right light balance between the land and the sky.
    • It’s imperative not to draw from the copyrighted images or use the photos without the written permission of the photographer. It includes the photos made or taken as the movie stills. Years ago I lost a lucrative deal with one of the companies that wanted to feature my artwork on their product. I knew nothing about the copyright rules and drew a movie character they liked, but as you may guess, the image didn’t get cleared by their legal department.
    • If a picture you paint from is not yours, you can’t enter your artwork into the juried shows, unless the artist has the permission from a photographer to do so. And even then, some national contests prohibit the use of someone else’s photography because the artist must be the sole creator of his work.
    • Although painting from pictures is convenient, it has hidden difficulties. Even if the quality of your camera is good enough to capture reality, it misses out on a lot of information artists put back into their drawings or paintings. In other words, the camera filters through some information that the artist responds to when he paints directly from life.
    • Cameras distort reality. Colors, shapes, and shadows never look the same as we see them with the naked eye. Most lenses distort the linear perspective to such a degree that I never use a printed picture as my map to transfer the image. I have a nice Nikon D80 that gives me a wonderful range of hues. I can also change lenses on it that gives me additional advantage in painting with the relative accuracy. Yet, I still use my pictures selectively, and I don’t buy into everything I see in them.
    • The distortion in color and perspective also changes your perception. Camera makes a choice instead of the artist making it. As artists we make decisions what to see and what to leave out in images. For instance, you see a thin horizon line and a single tree in the wind. You feel the air’s blowing coolness; you see a wide range of greens in that tree. You notice a huge cloud looming over it. Snap a picture. What do you see? The sky in the picture registers too bright in comparison to the dark, green land and the shape of that enigmatic cloud is now too light and incomplete. You lose the subtle shifts in color of the sky’s along with its incomplete cloud shape. In the picture, the tree also misses your real perception of it. The range of greens that you see with your eyes doesn’t look the same in the photo. Finally, you lose your feel of nature, the violent and mighty power it exhibits while you are in the moment with its wind and the rain.
    • This is especially important for artists who paint realistically in oils or acrylics. Our perception of reality is instant, and we respond to it swiftly by mixing the right colors without over-analyzing the information. When we paint from pictures, we tend to analyze the same reality a lot more, which is already adjusted by the camera for us. My paintings done from life always have freshness and liveliness that is virtually absent in paintings done solely from pictures. Only the experienced artists can paint from pictures very well, because they have the knowledge to place or replace the elements that the camera doesn’t catch or overemphasizes.

    How to take good pictures: examples of bad ones:

    1. There is no sense of the directional light source here. It’s hard to turn the form shading such dull objects.
    2. The lens’ distortion makes this picture great to draw a cartoon, but not a fine portrait.
    3. Everything is uniformly gray in this picture with no clear focal point. Nevertheless, this photo can be used as a reference to understand the atmospheric condition.
    4. Pictures taken with a flash cut on the natural shadows and throw off the colors. Never draw from pictures taken with the flash!
    5.  The sky is really boring here. The absence of an exciting focal point also makes it rather dull to draw.
    6. While the sky looks OK, the foreground is so dark it makes it impossible to use it as a reference to see the shifts in tones drawing the tree.

    If you find my post helpful, please share my website with your friends!

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    How to paint realistic still life step by step: oil painting techniques tutorial

    6 steps to learn realist oil painting techniques

    If your goal is to learn realist oil painting techniques, you have to paint from life. For that artists set up a still life of various objects under controlled light in front of their easel. The artist studies the light and shade by developing a complete drawing and then transfers the outlines onto a canvas or panel to paint. Because it’s a controlled set up, the light remains unchanged and the artist can work on his/her  painting almost indefinitely.

    1. Draw from life

    If you want to become a realist artist, please draw from life as much as possible.  You can’t skip this step! Numerous problems can be resolved by learning to see the shapes and proportions, by designing compositions, and by shading your objects from life. Later you can partially substitute life drawing for painting from your pictures. Just be aware that pictures distort reality. We respond to the information in front of us very differently when we paint from life.

    2. Make a shadow box

    oil painting techniques shadow box

    To set up a still life, make a shadow-box out of black foam board (see the pic above). The color of your background can be changed at any time by placing some fabric, colored carton, or any other colored paper you like to paint as your background color. The size of the shadow box can be changed as well, depending on your space and the size of your still life.

    Put a direct light source-the lamp next to the shadow-box ( it’s located to the left here), and play with the light, looking at changes in the cast shadows and highlights on objects. It’s much easier to paint objects with dramatic light as opposed to even, diffused light. While the diffused light can bring a different mood with soft and subtle shadows creating peaceful atmosphere, it’s much harder to control and paint these subtle shifts in color and tone for beginners.

    If you have no time to build the shadow box because you itch to draw and paint now, make a set up with a simplified background space that cuts off all the unnecessary information behind your still life. In the photo below you see a small box placed behind the starfish that’s covered with some fabric.

    3. Make a preliminary sketch

    It’s much easier to begin painting when the artist has done the prep work. Work out the outlines on a piece of sketch paper of the same size as your canvas. When the outline looks correct, transfer it onto canvas using either white or black transfer paper with a pen (image 2 & 3).

    oil painting techniques step by step

    4. Create the underpainting (indirect painting)

    The strip of grays represents the value scale. It’s mixed from 3/4 ivory black+1/4 warm brown with equal increments of titanium white.

    After you have transferred your drawing, check for mistakes one more time. Fix them in 2H graphite pencil. Now you’re ready to paint.

    Indirect painting means creating an underpainting in one color first and then layering paint in color. The underpainting can be done in black-and-white called grisaille, in green tones or in warm browns. Here I'm showing you the grisaille method of painting. The grisaille method is useful for still life painting and although many old masters painted the figures the same way, I find the gray underpainting to be too cold for the depiction of skin tones. I have a YouTube video titled "keeper" that shows this method of painting in greater detail.

    Mix the value scale (titanium white or lead white+ ivory black+ a touch of brown to warm up the black) with a palette knife. No color is added at this point. Begin painting your objects using the grays. Focus on shadows and paint them first, then create transitional values leading to the lights. By painting in grays you focus on tones/values as opposed to color. As each color has its own value scale, you train yourself to convert the colors into the tones. This is not easy to grasp and requires practice.

    Let your first layer dry. Complete the second pass of black-and-white painting, refining edges and tones.

    5. Paint in full color

    Paint in color by glazing and layering paint over the grisaille layers. I usually have 2-3 color layers in my painting. I finish up by adding texture in my last, top layer.

    oil painting techniques still life with starfish and peacock feather

    6. Varnish

    After the gazillion of hours spent on my painting, it’s finished! I let it dry for 6-12 months before varnishing the oil painting.

    Interested to learn more?

    If you’re interested to learn more about the indirect method of painting step by step, glazing and color layering, you can watch my video course I recorded a decade ago that shows these concepts and a lot more!

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    Step by step drawing in colored pencil how to draw a gecko

    Step by step colored pencil drawing tutorial for children: gecko

    In this step by step drawing demonstration you’ll learn how to layer color in colored pencil shading on toned or colored paper. You will also see how to use solvents to blend the colored pencil drawing. This is a fun drawing project to complete for both kids and adults alike.

    Materials:

    • Canson Colorline paper. This paper can be replaced with a similar, professional toned paper.
    • Prismacolor Premier colored pencils (colors are listed in steps); they can be replaced with other soft, colored pencils
    • Gamsol or Caran d-Ache full blender-optional
    • white transfer paper
    General’s kneaded eraser

    Step-by-step colored pencil drawing tutorial demonstration

    Step 1 Define the shape and shadows

    how to draw gecko

    Sketch out basic outline of gecko on a sketch paper. Then transfer the outline onto your colored paper using white transfer paper. Keep the fine drawing paper clean of any residue at all times. I usually transfer the outlines using white transfer paper manufactured by Loew-Cornell. This paper lasts for years, and the lines are very easy to erase with the kneaded eraser. MAKE SURE YOU USE THE SMOOTH SIDE OF YOUR DRAWING PAPER!

    When you have transferred the outline, strengthen some lines in colored pencil to separate between the shapes. The color of my colored pencil depends on the subject’s basic tone. If the subject is light, I use cream colored pencil to strengthen the outlines, if the subject is dark, I use dark brown to outline some shapes.

    Use dark brown like raw umber and dark green to map out the dark spots and shadows on the lizard’s skin.

    Step 2 Block-in the background

    how to draw step by step
    Block in the background with indigo blue and the same dark brown you’ve used before. (A combination of any dark colors would work well here). Add grass green and apple green in the background’s middle tone. Then add spring green in the light.

    To strengthen the pattern on the skin, shade with a combination of violet, indigo blue, and dark green.
    For the eye, use a sharp point of indigo blue and dark brown to outline the circle and to draw the iris. Shade the darker values (tones) on the left side of the eye, while deliberately using lighter tones on the right.

    Notice that all colors look a lot more vibrant on colored paper as opposed to colored pencil shading on white paper.

    Step 3: Blend the background

    how to draw gecko

    When you’ve completed shading in the background, use a solvent (like turpenoid or Gamsol) to blend the background and a few spots found on the gecko’s skin. Let it dry completely!

    Make sure you use a small brush to blend the image with solvents that is not used for anything else. Solvents melt wax in the wax-based colored pencils making the surface smoother and darker.

    Be careful using the solvent. Although Gamsol is a mild one and doesn't have the smell, don't inhale it anyways. Use a modest amount spreading the pigment around. To replace the solvent you can buy the caran d'ache full blender and shade the background with it.
    

    Step 4: Colored pencil shading

    When it’s dry, shade with the same colors in the background and add a few more over the entire background space. The colors are poppy red, aquamarine, light aqua, and limepeel. OVERLAP the COLORS to get rich tones!

    Now let’s draw the body. You can shade the light areas of the skin with parma violet and cloud blue, using a very heavy pencil pressure.

    It’s important to see how the skin pattern curves around its body.

    Don't make straight lines and repetitive shapes. Create volume and dimension by curving the uneven lines around its arms and feet.
    

    Step 5: Work on details

    how to draw gecko step by step

    Use a touch of canary yellow and light pink to shade the reflected light on the gecko’s bottom.

    Step back to look at it from the distance and check your drawing for contrast, color and shapes. If needed, re-apply the background colors once again with heavy pencil pressure. Step back. Check tones and edges. Is it dark enough? Outline a few edges in its head with sharp pencils for additional crispness and focus.

    colored pencil manual veronica wintershow to color like an artist_coloring book_veronica winters
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    What is lightfastness of oil paint? 4-step guide

    While I’m not an expert in art conservation, I am a full-time artist. After years of painting, conversations with other professionals and some research, I can guide you in choosing your oil paints for your art. Feel free to research this topic further via my references at the bottom of this post or by contacting the products’ manufacturers. A lot of information listed here is coming from podcasts with the Natural Pigments’ director George O’Hanlon.

    Picking the right brand of oil paint can be a challenge. Some brands are promoted so heavily by the art supply companies that artists buy their paints without having a second thought. When I was a student, the quality of paint hardly ever mattered to me and my most common determinant was the price. Today as I take care of my art my buying choices are strongly influenced by the overall quality and lightfastness of oil paint.

    There are several important properties of oil paint artists should pay attention to. The most necessary information can be seen written right on a tube of paint. Don’t buy the paint that doesn’t have the following data printed on it.

    1. Transparency vs. opaqueness of oil paint

    While some oil colors are transparent, others are opaque or semi-opaque. If you see an empty square, or a half-empty one, or a filled square on the back cover of oil paint, it gives you information about the transparency of oil paint.  Some brands just say “Transparent” or “Semi-opaque” as opposed to assigning a specific symbol to it. So when I chose my paint for glazing, applying the transparent layers of paint, I look at the square/ or a note on transparency to determine if my paint is naturally good for glazing. Some transparent colors are Gamblin’s ultramarine blue, Michael Harding’s bright yellow lake. The transparent colors look almost glass-like when mixed with linseed oil.

    Opaque or semi-opaque colors are often good for scumbling, layering light opaque paint over the dark area.

    2. Pigments used in oil paint determine the lightfastness (resistance to light) and longevity of your art.

    This is the most important principle in choosing your paint. The pigments used in oil paint are described in letters and numbers. For example, PB15-phtylocianine blue is rated lightfastness I. PW1-lead white is lightfastness I. PR2-Napthol red G- lightfastness II, etc.

    While some basic colors have just one pigment, there are many colors that consist of several pigments mixed together along with oil, fillers, and binders. These “new,” not historical colors give artists a lot more color choices, but every pigment present in such paint tube should be checked for lighfastness separately. For example, Winton flesh tint has 4 pigments in it (PW6, PW5, PY42, and PV19).

    Here is extensive pigment information database that lists oil paint properties including the lightfastness of paints: http://www.artiscreation.com/


    Each company performs its own tests. This information is written on the tube, and it reads either as +, ++ or +++, or lightfastness I, lightfastness II, or lightfastness III and so on. The higher the number (3-4) the less lightfast the paint is.

    By nature, browns and ochres are often more lightfast than some funky colors, like alizarin crimson or turquoise. Those colors that have lightfastness 3-4 are fugitive and fade pretty quickly. If you paint professionally, those colors should be avoided.

    Artists can perform their own tests by exposing 1/2 of paint to the sun (while the other half is covered by black tape or cardboard). Lift the tape in a month of continuous light exposure to see the change in color. Artist Virgil Elliott has tested numerous colors of various brands. You’ll find a lot of useful information on painting in his book Traditional oil painting and in his facebook group.

    3. Type of oil mixed into the paint.

    All tubed paints have some oil mixed into the paint. Linseed oil is the most stable oil that is also used widely as paint medium by artists. It’s long-lasting and dries quite quickly.

    Safflower oil, poppy oil, and walnut oil are less stable oils often used as vehicles that are mixed into the oil paint. Avoid using safflower oil.

    4. The amount of fillers and binders added to oil paint.

    Various amounts of fillers and binders are mixed into the oils as well. They dilute the pigment by “stretching” the paint, making it cheaper to the consumer. Such pigments have a much longer shelf life. Fillers and binders greatly affect the consistency and texture of paint. It could affect the drying speed of paint as well.

    Rublev colors, manufactured by Natural Pigments, don’t have any fillers in their paint, making the oils more stable and with high tinting strength. Like other professional-grade paints, they give artists a lot more pigment in a small tube as opposed to cheaper oil paint put in a large tube. But because NP have no extra binders, their shelf life is very limited and it’s best to use the paint within a year. I could barely squish the paint out of the tube after that.

    Professional brands of oil paints include:

    • Rublev colors by Natural Pigments
    • Old Holland
    • Michael Harding
    • Gamblin
    • Chroma
    • Utrecht
    • dardecor (Spain)

    These are great resources for further research:

    • The atelier movement– a closed group on Facebook-exists for artists interested in classical painting. The group’s administrator is classically trained artist-Graydon Parrish.
    • Artist Virgil Elliot: http://virgilelliott.com/
    • Douglas Flynt’ blog
    • “The artist’s handbook of materials & techniques” by Ralph Mayer: http://www.amazon.com/The-Artists-Handbook-Materials-Techniques/dp/0670837016
    • Sadie Valerie blog: http://www.sadievaleri.com/blog/
    • The Natural Pigments website:  https://www.naturalpigments.com/art-supply-education/painting-for-posterity-with-modern-oil-paints/
    Check out my oil painting video class that teaches classical oil painting techniques! I recorded it a decade ago but the rules are still the same.
    https://veronica-winters-art-school.teachable.com/p/realist-oil-painting-techniques-secrets-for-serious-beginners-beyond
    Listen to this video while you paint! The owners explain a lot about the properties of oil paint and the old masters techniques.

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    Gun violence in America: how we can make a positive change

    The second I saw the face of an alleged school shooter in Parkland, Florida, my mind threw me back in time when I worked as a visiting artist in rural schools of Pennsylvania. The arts grant allowed for artists’ placement in public schools to teach their particular art form to every kid in class. The school children usually had a very limited exposure to the arts, living in small towns or rural communities. Those were sobering moments in my life because I began to see how poverty, incarceration of family members, and the ‘no child left behind’ policy affected children every day. Parents and politicians often blame the teachers for bad education, but teachers are not the real problem. I saw care and commitment. The problem was the educational system and poverty. In such work, I met a teenage boy who seemed focused, polite and content on one day, and the same kid would emit incredible amount of anger on another day. Sometimes, I felt like he could hit me for no reason when I stood next to him, and one day he got handcuffed in class by a policeman to be escorted out of the classroom. While I wasn’t his target, I felt shaken. Later I learned that someone from his family was jailed for drugs, and his crazy behavior was the result of his family conditions at home. The teenage boy became the outcast because both his family and society failed to protect his broken heart…

    As cruel as it sounds, it’s not the last mass shooting happening this year. We almost get accustomed to these chilling events when parents drop their children off at school, and some kids never come back home. Instead of looking into the gun laws and prohibiting the military-style weapons from purchases, we are offered prayers, condolences, and the denial of the obvious. Politicians will always serve their agenda, financially depended from the NRA.

    The U.S. is the only highly civilized country in the world that shows consistent outbreaks of gun violence. Its free and democratic society allows people to shoot on the streets, in movie theaters, college campuses, schools, and even churches. I’ve never seen so much violence in my life as I see in the news here, but we can’t really blame the media for that.  Gun ownership is more than the right. What I see is daily conditioning of the young, growing up watching unbelievably realistic violence in movies, killing people in video games, and seeing cruelty online. Often times the depiction of heroes or “cool” men with multiple weapons somehow justifies their actions, raises them to the pedestal of manliness, and shows them as the singular and the most just defenders of American freedom. The Hollywood movies impress  me with depictions of cruelty happening on big screen. Why does “the Game of Thrones” receive such accolades when every few minutes someone is violently killed or mutilated? Of course, there is an argument that it’s the reality of our world and humanity, but I have to say that teens live and learn from that, develop ideas and become accepting of the horrific events, instead of learning to appreciate the acts of kindness, love, and forgiveness. This twisted social norm affects generations.

    While viewers get horrified and sob over the innocent people killed in the movies like “the Hunger Games,” we as a nation have no problem sending our children to war. Barely out of high school, these children become the “army proud” and “army strong,” serving our country or maybe serving the views of the elite controlling the end game. In a high school graduation ceremony of my son, I witnessed complete insanity. After all the students received their academic awards, only two of them deserved a standing ovation. Those students stood on a podium to accept the society’s loud appreciation for going to become soldiers.  No academic achievement caused even a quarter of loud applause they received. Why are we so proud of sending children to fight and get killed? This country is my home, but its actions often make me shiver.

    I believe that the real change will come with the new generation taking charge of the U.S. Congress.  It will come when the culture embraces emotional health and beauty in school classrooms by offering classes that take care of our feelings, not just brains. When we see a lot less violence in the movies and video games. When we feel the need to be responsible for the community and people around us. We never know where or how we will lose our lives, but the immediate solution is to offer love and care to others every day, no matter how hard it may be. Maybe then there will be a place in time and space when everyone becomes peaceful and kind, and not overwhelmed with grief, frustration and pain.

     

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting

    How long did it take you to paint that?

    This is my studio where I live. 🙂

    “How long did it take you to paint that?

    Every artist is asked this question. Viewers have no idea what it takes, and artists don’t know where to begin answering this question, because it involves…Well, it involves an entire explanation how long it takes to become good. Artwork creation doesn’t always look like a lot of work, yet a single painting incorporates years of unseen work. People ask this question because they want to have a conversation with the artist and they don’t know what else they can ask to have it.

    In general, people try to calculate or connect the objectivity of high pricing with the time artist spends painting a particular artwork. On the surface it looks expensive or overpriced, and a prospect buyer wants to understand where the number comes from. Artists, however, think of a lifetime of effort, hard work, bills, tuition and many other business costs they accrue working in their studios. Therefore, weeks, months and years can’t be quantified into a certain number of hours spent on one painting.

    In the beginning of the career many artists have to wrestle with the financial burden and make significant sacrifices learning the craft. The costs often include expensive college education. Besides having the obvious tuition and living costs, artists don’t become artists in four to six years after college graduation. The artist career often starts with zero job prospects or security, and builds up to something meaningful over a very long period of time of hard work, dedication and social climbing. For many artists it means a continued struggle, a reconciliation of the need to paint with making money to pay the bills. However, if the artist is good at art marketing and relationships building, the struggles most artists face may be reversed into significant opportunities quickly.

    It takes A LONG time to learn how to paint realistically. There are no cute formulas or shortcuts. No one learns it overnight no matter how much talent the artist has! It’s a skill that takes significant effort and focus. Until very recently, there were no realist schools available to get the comprehensive education from, which magnified the problem and effort to achieve a certain skill level. Of course, there are exceptions and we can find super talented, self-taught artists, but such instances are rare. Those who have no time to do their art every day don’t become artists. Fear of instability takes their need to paint away from them.

    There is a notion that artists just hang out at art festivals, fairs, or their shows enjoying the limelight and attention. Well, maybe for a little bit but… exhibiting at festivals involves a lot of effort, persistence, and investment. On average, a popular festival’s booth fees run around $450-$700/per show, and the artist is responsible for other costs (application fees, hotel, gas, transportation, and the cost of a professional booth itself that runs around $2,500 on average). Many artists hit the road for months, traveling from one state to the next, working over 8 hours a day. Work at the art festivals includes not only the artist’s time present at the booth all day, but also the time and effort to set up and to break down (usually early in the morning and late in the evening,) time to carry, pack, unpack and pack again a number of heavy, framed paintings.

    Professional artists also have other costs that include:

    • Custom framing. Artists invest into their frames because it gives them professional presentation that is often required, by the way, to display their work in juried shows.
    • Time to market artwork. E-mails, presentations, social media, research, writing, contacting galleries and editors takes consistent and relentless effort.
    • Artists hire models to paint the figure from life.
    • Art supplies. Artists spend hundreds of dollars on art supplies every year as they keep practicing for years. This is a continuous expense, like going to a grocery store each week. When the time is right, the artist transitions to professional, durable, lightfast materials that cost a lot more that cheaply manufactured canvases and paints. Professional art supplies let artists create long lasting, museum-quality pieces, unlike the junk that would fall apart or fade within years. Often times if the artist doesn’t share this information with the buyer, no one can tell visually if the supplies are archival or not.
    • Other office expenses that include professional photo equipment, storage files, a scanner and a printer, camera and video equipment, etc..
    • Some artists chose to advertise online or in magazines.
    • As a surprise to many, the artist’s retail price includes a 50% mark up, sometimes 60-65% that galleries take selling artist’s work. That means that the artist gets only half of his/her money after making a sale.
    • The final cost to the artist is not the financial, but the emotional one. In the U.S. artists don’t have much respect unless they are famous. This leads to stereotypes and generalizations. Often called “lazy artists,” “starving artists,” “stupid artists,” or “flaky artists.” We have become the 2nd class citizens because we often allow it to happen, and because art has become the all encompassing word that incorporates everything into it. Art is everywhere today.

    We don’t even pay attention to it, but art is everywhere today: in magazines, book covers, album covers, calendars, and even on plates. As the society has moved from scarce product production to consumerism, artists get pushed to the sidelines. A lot of work gets devalued by the Chinese manufacturing, cheaply made goods, mass-produced items, and unlicensed reproductions. This trend reinforces the people’s desire to buy a cheap print or new piece of technology rather than a small original artwork. As a result many folks don’t appreciate art, because they simply don’t identify with it, don’t find the emotional connection, and don’t really need it. TV, wall posters, and other goods and entertainment have replaced the enjoyment of looking at a single original painting.

    In other words, ART has lost or changed its original meaning, evolving into other facets of artful creations that redefined the uniqueness and value of art. Bogus art may receive lots of publicity due to smart marketing campaigns that confuse people. Those souls who love the arts just get lost trying to understand what’s really valuable and what is not. It’s rare to see someone admitting that he or she doesn’t get art or lacks education to have an opinion. And that’s why art appreciation should be taught in schools as a relevant subject along with math and the sciences.

    Art creates unique experiences. Art takes care of our emotional life. Often described as healing, art reflects on our inner life. No matter the art style or medium, Art makes us human to experience joy and beauty. Art can be a protest and a wing of change. When we look at history of human civilization, we often study it through art.

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